»Vodka lemon» : une comédie bien frappée

Tageblatt, Zeitung fur Letzebuerg (Luxembourg)
Lundi, 29 Mars 2004

»Vodka lemon» : une comédie bien frappée

Le cinéaste kurde irakien Hiner Saleem signe avec »Vodka lemon» une
comédie noire et givrée, où l’humour surréaliste et grinçant se
teinte de tendresse et de poésie. Le film sort quelques jours après
le Nowrouz, le jour de l’an kurde.
»Vodka lemon», tourné dans des villages kurdes en Arménie, en kurde,
en russe et en arménien, a reçu le Prix Saint-Marc du meilleur film à
la dernière Mostra de Venise qu’il a dédié aux Kurdes et au
»Kurdistan, dont c’est l’année zéro». »Le 9 avril 2003, j’ai appris
la nouvelle que j’attendais depuis mon enfance, la chute de Saddam
Hussein», a déclaré le cinéaste, né en 1964 au Kurdistan irakien.

Le film s’ouvre sur une scène saisissante: un vieillard sur un lit
métallique glisse rapidement dans un paysage de neige. Lorsque cet
étrange traîneau s’arrête, le vieillard retire son dentier et se met
à jouer de la flûte. Ce sont les funérailles de l’épouse d’Hamo, un
beau sexagénaire à la chevelure blanche.

Avec une retraite de moins de dix dollars par mois, il vit avec l’un
de ses fils, sans emploi, et sa petite fille. L’autre fils vit à
Alfortville, un mot magique, synonyme d’Eldorado, dans ce minuscule
village kurde d’Arménie, privé de tout. Lorsqu’une lettre arrive de
France, tous espèrent que l’enveloppe est pleine d’argent.

Mais ce n’est pas le cas et certains regrettent le temps d’avant (de
l’Union soviétique) où »on n’avait pas la liberté mais on avait tout
le reste».

Hamo, lui, en est réduit à vendre son uniforme et son armoire, ce qui
donne lieu à des scènes surréalistes et picaresques avec les
pérégrinations du vieil homme trimballant l’encombrant objet dans un
désert blanc qui semble ne mener nulle part, où circule pourtant un
bus coloré, presque vide.

»Tombe la neige», la rengaine d’Adamo accompagne Hamo, qui croise
régulièrement dans le bus et au cimetière une belle veuve qui va
s’incliner devant la tombe de son défunt mari…

L’univers de »Vodka lemon», avec ses personnages attachants, son
mariage, ses musiciens et son banquet en plein air, rappelle un peu
celui de Kusturica. Le tragique y côtoie la gaieté et il ne faut
surtout pas penser aux lendemains.

»Je suis un homme pudique, dit Hiner Saleem. Même dans les moments
vraiment très difficiles, tragiques, il y a toujours un petit truc
qui nous fait éclater de rire.»

Le cinéaste a tourné dans des conditions très rudes, au pied de la
plus haute montagne d’Arménie, dans des villages isolés en hiver, par
-25 degrés. Il rêve de réaliser le prochain au Kurdistan. »Mais il
faut acheminer le matériel, par où passer? Qui va vouloir nous
assurer? Mais c’est sûr je ferai ce film. L’histoire se passe au
Kurdistan».

Réfugié politique dès l’âge de 17 ans, il a vécu dix ans à Paris où
il a réalisé »Vive la mariée… et la libération du Kurdistan», puis
»Passeur de rêves» dans les villages kurdes d’Arménie. »Avec ces
films, dit-il, je me réinventais un pays».

En même temps que »Vodka lemon», Hiner Saleem publie »Le fusil de mon
père», un récit (Editions du Seuil) où il raconte son enfance et
l’histoire des siens, depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir de Saddam Hussein
jusqu’au jour où il a dû fuir l’Irak.

Il aime citer cette phrase de son grand-père: »notre passé est
triste, notre présent est catastrophique, mais heureusement nous
n’avons pas d’avenir».

OSCE Mission Conclusion on The Parliamentary Elections in Georgia

A1 Plus | 17:28:08 | 29-03-2004 | Politics |

OSCE MISSION CONCLUSION ON THE PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN GEORGIA

The 28 March parliamentary elections in Georgia demonstrated commendable
progress in relation to previous elections, concludes the International
Election Observation Mission in a statement of preliminary findings and
conclusions issued today.

The Georgian authorities have seized the opportunity in the last few months
to bring Georgia’s election process into closer alignment with European
standards for democratic elections, the Mission has found. However,
continued intimidation and physical abuse against opposition supporters and
journalists in Ajara, cast a shadow over the overall progress in the
election process, its statement adds.

It also makes clear that Georgia’s election process will only be fully
tested in a more competitive environment, once a genuine level of political
pluralism is re-established.

http://www.a1plus.am

Bill on Holding Rallies and Meetings to be Discussed

A1 Plus | 17:09:53 | 29-03-2004 | Politics |

BILL ON HOLDING RALLIES AND MEETINGS TO BE DISCUSSED

Parliament will discuss the bill on “Order for Holding Meetings, Rallies and
Marches”. Suggestions over making amendments to the Law on “Administrative
Law Transgression” are represented, too.

Parliament State and Legal Committee and the temporary Committee of
Integration with the European Structures introduced these bills.

Parliament has continued discussion of the Labor Code since morning. It is
planned to consider the suggestions over making changes to the law on
granting privileges of tax and social insurance payments to Agarak’ copper
and molybdenum enterprise and Kapan’ ore mining and processing enterprise.

http://www.a1plus.am

Stepan Demirchyan – It Is Impossible to Fight Against Own People

A1 Plus | 16:26:34 | 29-03-2004 | Politics | author: Diana Markosyan |

Stepan Demirchyan – IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO FIGHT AGAINST OWN PEOPLE

Q: Mr Demirchyan, just yesterday Artashes Geghamyan expressed disagreement
over the deadlines fixed by “Justice” Bloc. How did it turn possible to come
to terms within a day?.

A: I don’t find it expedient to talk about the process. The result is more
important that we have now – the statement was made.

Q: The English analysts stated that no Rose Revolution will take place since
the Opposition heads are busy with the leader issue and don’t unite. The
leader issue seems to be out of agenda now. Can one say that power change is
inevitable?

A: Power change and restoration of the constitutional order are public
demand. Realizing responsibility both “Justice” Bloc and “National Unity”
combine the efforts, and the process started long ago when the statement was
made in Parliament. Power change is a social demand and it will be carried
out no matter what various analysts say. As to leader issue, people are to
decide it as no one can become a leader by wish or artificially.

Q: Will the Opposition leaders appear separately or by one common candidate
during the elections after the power change?

A: Let’s not to outstrip the developments.

Q: At the interview with us Serj Sargssyan threatened Opposition with
extermination and to involve Army “to protect the social order”. What’s your
point of view over this?

A: Under the Constitution, the task of the Army is providing security to the
state and not protection of the social order. So, Army can’t interfere in
the home political events. Besides, I am sure neither the law-enforcement
bodies nor Army will ever step against people. But even if there are people
who can act so, they must realize that they will be called to account.

Q: How do you comment on urgent appointments and relieves by Robert
Kocharyan?

A: Authorities are getting prepared for the expected processes that way. But
it is senseless to await some results by just settling cadre problems.
Authorities must understand that it is impossible to fight against own
people.

http://www.a1plus.am

Authorities Protect Themselves

A1 Plus | 20:19:34 | 29-03-2004 | Politics |

AUTHORITIES PROTECT THEMSELVES

In absence of Opposition MPs Parliament started discussion of the bill on
“Order for Holding Meetings, Rallies and Marches”. An attempt has been made
to put the law in force since 2001 but the MPs then failed approval of the
law. {BR}

As a result of rising rally moods in the republic Authorities again tried
and the same bill appeared in the Parliament agenda.

There is a standpoint that quick entering of the bill on the agenda is the
Authorities’ response to the held mass rallies.

Independent MP Manuk Gasparyan joins this position. He considers suspicious
the fact that the bill hasn’t been discussed in the temporary committees of
Parliament in due presence of MPs and that the bill has been entered in the
big agenda. It is much more suspicious that the bill appeared in the
three-day agenda.

“Government didn’t make an urgent decision. This was a planned step in
Government activity program. It was represented and is in circulation for a
long time”, Justice Minister David Harutyunyan, representing the bill in
Parliament, says.

The bill opponents say that the document considered in Parliament is rather
stricter than the one currently in force. In particular, the new bill
hampers the mechanism for getting permission to hold a march or a rally.

Besides, David Harutyunyan says, “naturally, norms, which are to meet the
constitutional demands are fixed, particularly, organizing such public
measures that are channeled to violent failure of the constitutional order,
stirring up national, racist, or religious hatred, propagandizing coercion
or war is forbidden”.

He also states that the bill makes a provision for a criminal liability for
an official who untimely forbids holding of a march or a meeting.

http://www.a1plus.am

AmCham hosts Business Ethics Roundtable

PRESS RELEASE

29th March 2004

American Chamber of Commerce (‘AmCham in Armenia’),
Room 313, Ararat Wing, Armenia Marriott Hotel,
1, Amiryan Street, Yerevan,
Republic of Armenia
Contact: Elen Ghazaryan, Executive Director
Telephone no.: 599187, fax no.: 599191
E-mail: [email protected]
Website:

AmCham hosts Business Ethics Roundtable

Yerevan. A Roundtable, organized by the American Chamber of Commerce in
Armenia (`AmCham’), took place on March 23rd 2004 in the Queen Erato
Room of the Armenia Marriott Hotel.

The idea of organizing this roundtable was born at the Business Ethics
workshop held on July 30th, 2003, which was attended by many
participants from the private and public sectors and international
organizations. There was a very positive response from the participants
and as a result a working group was formed from those who were
interested in further actions directed towards this mission.

Thus, in order to continue the discussion and to determine the
possibilities of promoting Business Ethics principles in Armenia, AmCham
organised this Roundtable. It was run by Lusine Janoyan, Second
Vice-President of AmCham, who is a Business Ethics trainee and
participant in the program on Business Ethics and Good Governance,
organized by the US State Department of Commerce.

Lusine Janoyan welcomed the participants to the Round Table, inviting
them to work together, set up a committee and decide on future actions.
She asked participants to give their ideas on how to put Business Ethics
into practice. Following very active discussion, participants set up a
committee of four people, with Lusine Janoyan as chairperson, which
would develop and define future activities for the group.

Participants agreed on the following short and long term plans:

a. To develop a universal Code of Business Ethics.
b. To create a library dedicated to the subject.
c. To cooperate with professional associations and NGOs.
d. To organise Business Ethics lectures at universities and other
educational institutions.
e. To create an online website linked with AmCham.

Lusine closed the Round Table with a few words of thanks. The next
meeting of the working committee is scheduled for next week.

AmCham in Armenia is a non-profit organization dedicated to improving
the business environment. It has sponsored many conferences and
workshops, all of which have been successful and well attended.

For further information contact `[email protected]’ or visit our
web-site where more information about our activities will
be found, including information on Business Ethics.

www.amcham.am
www.amcham.am

USAID fund supports Haigazian University Library’s automation

March 30, 2004
CONTACT : Loucia Isaac Seropian
Phone: 961-1-353010 Ext.: 365
Email: [email protected]

Haigazian University-Public Relations Office
PO Box: 11-1748Beirut, Lebanon

USAID fund supports Haigazian University Library’s automation

Awkar, Beirut-Lebanon: Thursday, March 25, 2004 – An official delegation
representing Haigazian
University president, Rev. Dr. Paul Haidostian, attended a special ceremony
held in the US Embassy in Awkar, Lebanon, to receive a check of $50,000 from
USAID. Three other organizations also received special grants on that day.

US Ambassador Vincent Battle and USAID/Lebanon Mission Director, Mr. Raouf
Youssef presented the check to Mr. Yervant Bakikian, HU Financial
Comptroller. Present were the other two members of the Haigazian delegation,
Dean of Business & Economics Dr. Fadi Asrawi and HU Librarian Mrs. Zevart
Tanielian.

The USAID fund will support Haigazian University library’s automation, by
purchasing software and hardware equipment. The project will serve to have
the Haigazian’s resources online, and will benefit all students as well as
more than 80 faculty members.

Automating the Haigazian’s library will help promote research in all
fields, as well as facilitate the exchange of library resources between
Haigazian University and other American universities in Lebanon. The online
connection will also allow students to
use the Library of Congress and numerous U.S. institutions of higher
education.

The total automation cost is expected to reach $ 120, 000.

Public Relations Office
Haigazian University

Lebanon

Mailing Address:
Public Relations Office
P.O.Box 11-1748
Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2090
Rue Mexique, Kantari, Lebanon
Tel/Fax: 961 1- 349230/1, 961-1- 353010/1/2

http://www.haigazian.edu.lb/events

Ruben Torosyan Displeased With Our Court System

A1 Plus | 13:39:32 | 29-03-2004 | Politics |

RUBEN TOROSYAN DISPLEASED WITH OUR COURT SYSTEM

“In fact the Armenian Justice Minister didn’t take any steps to call any
judge-lawbreaker to account”. Ruben Torosyan, Chair of “MP Club”
organization voices concern in this appeal addressed to the Armenian
President.

According to him, analysis by his organization showed Justice Minister abets
corruption rise in the court system and spreading law transgression by the
judges through that inactivity.

Mr Torosyan states that they have informed the Justice Minister about
numerous facts of gross violation by judges for many times but the Minister
hasn’t yet appeared with any initiative over the problem resulting in
appearance of unprecedented negative phenomena in the legal system of the
CE-country, which mock at the principles of “court, democracy and protection
of human rights”.

http://www.a1plus.am

CENN Daily Digest – 03/29/2004

CENN – MARCH 29, 2004 DAILY DIGEST
Table of Contents:
1. Environmental Investment Program
2. Six Tones of Seeds Gathered along BTC Pipeline
3. BP Invests $ 4.1 bn in Azerbaijan in 2003
4. Botas to Finish Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum Pipeline on Time
5. New Laboratories Open to Control Food Quality
6. Armenian Ministry Denies Reports of “Security Measures” in Nuclear
Plant
7. Yerevan Realizes Anti-Russian Gas Project
8. Director of the Center for Pluralism `Inam’ Vahid Gazi Conducted a
Number of Meetings Last Week
9. Summer Course in Environmental Justice at University of Wisconsin

1. ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTMENT PROGRAM

BTC Co has developed an Environmental Investment Program for the three
countries, to go beyond reduction of ecological impacts and bring
additional benefits by supporting projects for the promotion and
conservation of biodiversity with the principles of capacity building /
technology transfer; sustainability; tangible impacts and linkages with
other relevant initiatives.

The program is focused on the protection and conservation of rare and
endangered species and also on ecologically important areas. In Turkey,
ecologically sustainable enterprise projects (ESEP) will be developed as
an integral part of most projects and also under a separate key theme
named small grants program. ESEPs are ecology focused income generation
component of the program that support the sustainability of the program
objectives, and also serve to NGO capacity building and to community
needs. Click here for information on the EIP.

Stakeholder dialogue has enabled the identification of key priority
themes for funding under the EIP. Projects for each theme are identified
through a Request for Proposals (RFP) process calling for submissions
under the key priority themes. The first proposal tranche was advertised
in 2003 and proposals evaluated according to pre-set criteria. More
projects will be funded the same way starting from 2004. The EIP budget
allocated for Turkey is US $ 3.3 million to be disbursed to
organizations, in the form of grants.

The RFP process undertaken in 2003 allowed for identification of five
projects for support. Two additional projects are currently under review
and may be awarded in the near future if they demonstrate compliance
with all the required criteria. See `Projects’ menu for information on
the EIP Projects supported by BTC Co

BTC Co’s role is to manage the EIP, including the funds, program
monitoring and communications with interested stakeholders. BTC Co is
also responsible for liaison with the implementing partners including
monitoring of project execution and provision of support and training
for the partners
BTC News Bulletin, March 26 2004

2. SIX TONS OF SEEDS GATHERED ALONG BTC PIPELINE

On recommendation of Azerbaijan biologists, 6 tons of wild plants seeds
were gathered along the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline. These seeds
will be used for restoration of previous plant cover on the territories;
the pipeline passes through, stated representatives of the Institute of
Biology of NAS. The work will be realized by CCIC Company – Bp
contactor.
AzerTag, March 27, 2004

3. BP INVESTS $ 4.1 BN IN AZERBAIJAN IN 2003

Investment in BP projects in Azerbaijan, including the
Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli and Shah Deniz fields and the construction of the
Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, amounted to $ 4.1 bn in 2003, Azer
Zeinalov, director of the BP Baku business center, said at a meeting of
the Caspian Integration Business Club. Of this amount, $ 3.9 bn was
spent on orders from subcontractors, including $ 350 mm — from
Azerbaijani companies.

“Foreign subcontractors that do not operate in Azerbaijan carried out $
1.7 bn worth of orders and foreign companies working in the republic —
$ 1.8 bn, of which $ 800 mm was spent in republic and $ 1 bn — outside
Azerbaijan,” Zeinalov said.

He said that small and mid-sized Azerbaijani companies carried out $ 48
mm worth of orders, state companies — $ 116 mm, and joint ventures — $
191 mm. Zeinalov also said that at the moment over 500 companies provide
subcontractor services for BP projects, of which over 300 are domestic
companies and 200 — foreign companies.
EIN News, March 26, 2004

4. BOTAS TO FINISH BAKU-TBILISI-ERZURUM PIPELINE ON TIME

Turkish state pipeline company Botas plans to complete the Turkish
section of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline on time.

“The Turkish side is able to build its section of the
Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum pipeline on time, so gas supplies from the Shah
Deniz field will begin in 2006-2007, as expected,” stated
representatives of the Botas head office in Ankara. Participants in the
Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan project said that bad weather in Turkey is delaying
construction work on the Turkish section of that pipeline. As a result,
experts said that the construction delays may push back the launch date
for the pipeline, which would in turn lead to delays for the
Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum pipeline.

The two pipelines are being built in one corridor, using the same
construction resources. Therefore, construction of the
Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum pipeline can only begin once the
Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan is completed. The Botas source said that “at the
moment research work is continuing for the Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum pipeline
project and no deviation from schedule is expected.”

According to plan, the capacity of the Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum, which
stretches 225 km in Turkey, will amount to 30 bn cmpy, Reserves at the
Shah Deniz field are estimated at 625 bn cm of gas and 101 mm tons of
gas condensate. Shareholders in the project to develop the Shah Deniz
field include BP — 25.5 %, Statoil — 25.5 %, LUKAgip — 10 %,
TotalFinaElf — 10 %, SOCAR — 10 %, National Iranian Oil Company — 10
% and TPAO — 9 %.
EIN News, March 26, 2004

5. NEW LABORATORIES OPEN TO CONTROL FOOD QUALITY

According to the information provided through the Ministry of Economic
Development, arbitrary laboratory for technical, chemical, toxicological
and microbiological analysis is functioned at the consumer goods
examination center.

Laboratories equipped with up-to-date technology and devices were opened
in Nakhchivan and Ganja- Gazakh towns.

Laboratory on control food and grains products quality will be created
in Jalilabad region. It will be equipped with up-to-date technology
delivered from Russia, Turkey and Germany.

Another laboratory for food analysis will be opened in Guba-Khachmaz
region, which to play particular role in providing ecologically pure
foodstuff products meeting the international norms of hygiene.
AzrTag, March 27, 2004

6. ARMENIAN MINISTRY DENIES REPORTS OF “SECURITY MEASURES” IN NUCLEAR
PLANT

The press service of the Ministry of Energy of Armenia has denied rumors
in the press that extraordinary security measures have been taken on the
Armenian Nuclear Power Station since the middle of the last week.

The press service of the Ministry stated that the Armenian Nuclear Power
Station would be refueled again in summer.
Noyan Tapan News Agency, March 25, 2004

7. YEREVAN REALIZES ANTI-RUSSIAN GAS PROJECT

On March 23, 2004 Armenian Minister of Electric Energy Armen Movsiyan
announced at a session of the country s Government that Iran-Armenia
pipeline which construction is planned to be finished in the beginning
of 2005 will be prolonged through the Georgian territory, than by the
bottom of the Black Sea to Ukraine and then to Western Europe. Thus, the
gas of Iran and Turkmenistan will be supplied to countries of the EU
passing Russia. As a result the Russian budget will lose several billion
dollars every year. So, the most reliable partner of Russia in the
Caucasus Armenia is realizing what the US has not been able to do: it
creates an alternative route of gas export from Central Asia to the
West.
RIA OREANDA, March 25, 2004

8. DIRECTOR OF THE CENTER FOR PLURALISM `INAM’ VAHID GAZI CONDUCTED A
NUMBER OF MEETINGS LAST WEEK

Vahid Gazi met with an American independent expert Pam Flowers arrived
in Azerbaijan with the goal of getting acquainted with NGOs and activity
principles of NGOs in the framework of the project of BP titled
`Increasing of abilities in a civic society’. In the course of the
meeting Vahid Gazi informed the guest on nine-year activity of the
Center, as well the situation of civic society in the country, and news
in this sphere. Exchange of opinion took place on the activities could
be done by BP in the field of development of democracy and civic society
and recommendations were given related this issue.

On March 25 Vahid Gazi met in `Inam”s office with the representative of
International Church Organization for Development and Cooperation in
Holland Lisette Vandervel. Discussions concerning social and political
situation in the country, problems of democracy and civic society, local
NGOs and their activities, as well the perspectives of participation of
public organizations in solution of Garabagh conflict took place during
the meeting. The questions that interested the representative of the
organization beginning new activity in Azerbaijan were responded.

On March 26 the executive director of Human Rights House Foundation of
Norway Mrs. Maria Dahle visited the Center for Pluralism `Inam’. Mrs.
Dahle wishing to create `Human Rights’ House in our country interested
in `Inam’ opportunities in assisting to foundation of this House. Mrs.
Dahle noted about discussions to be held also with other public bodies
and state organs and informed that such bodies have been set up up to
date in Russia, Belarus, Turkey, Poland, Norway and other countries.
Vahid Gazi expressed that this initiative will be met with great
interest in society and the activity of this body will contribute
greatly to enlightenment in the sphere of human rights in the country.

Inam Center for Pluralism

9. SUMMER COURSE IN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AT UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN
June 21 – July 11,2004
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Three-Week Summer Field Course for College Students and High School
Teachers

A course for college students and high school teachers to examine major
societal concerns:
§ environmental protection
§ public health
§ social justice
§ race and poverty

The environment is where we live, work and play; justice involves making
environmental decisions democratically and with community empowerment.
In this three-week, three-credit summer class we examine issues that lie
at the intersection of major societal concerns regarding social justice,
environmental protection, and health. Approximately half of the class
days consist of field trips to communities in Wisconsin and Chicago that
are impacted by landfills, sewage treatment plants, and industrial
facilities; some of these are Superfund sites.

Classroom days will be devoted to readings, videos, and discussions,
which ill cover the history of the environmental justice movement and
its connections to the civil rights and anti-toxics movements; case
histories covering political, legal, economic, scientific, and health
aspects; critical evaluation of demographic and socioeconomic evidence
for inequitable location of hazardous waste sites; global environmental
justice; and the future of the environmental justice movement.

All participants will keep a journal. High school teachers and regular
college students will team to develop a curriculum unit in their area of
expertise.

Course readings include Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental
Quality; From the Ground Up: Environmental Racism and the Rise of the
Environmental Justice Movement; Ecocide of Native America; Garbage Wars;
Tilting at Mills; Exporting Harm.

Instructor: Professor Herb Wang

Enrollment begins March 29

New reentry and continuing UW-Madison students will be notified of
summer enrollment times. The schedule is also published in the
UW-Madison Summer Bulletin Register for Institute for Environmental
Studies 400 or College of Letters and Science Interdisciplinary Studies
400.

For more information
Contact:Professor Herb Wang
Department of Geology and Geophysics
1215 W.Dayton St.
Madison,WI 53706-1692

E-mail [email protected]
Phone 608/262-5932;
Web site


*******************************************
CENN INFO
Caucasus Environmental NGO Network (CENN)

Tel: ++995 32 92 39 46
Fax: ++995 32 92 39 47
E-mail: [email protected]
URL:

www.inamcfp.org
www.3-cusektor.org
www.geology.wisc.edu/~wang/SummerEJ/
www.cenn.org

Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition

High Fidelity Review, UK
March 29 2004

`Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition’
An SACD review by Mark Jordan

It depends. That’s my answer to the inevitable question this review
will raise: Who will want to rush out and buy this disc? Fans of
Mussorgsky may not find any new ground covered in this reissue of
Leonard Slatkin’s conservative performance of `Pictures at an
Exhibition’, and devotees to modern digital sound might find that
this analogue recording is smoother than an orchestra really sounds
live in concert, but aficionados of fine analog sound will be in
heaven to hear the creamy richness of this 1975 recording engineered
by the legendary Marc Aubort.

Aubort has engineered many recordings over the years, particularly of
the Saint Louis Symphony, mostly in partnership with one producer,
the late Joanna Nickrenz. They oversaw a long string of recordings
that changed the reputation Vox Records had in the 1950’s and 60’s
for indifferent sound. Many early Vox recordings of Horenstein and
Klemperer were great performances marred by rough recording
conditions. Neither of those maestros ever had it as good as what we
hear on this disc. The Nickrenz/Aubort recordings did, however, do a
great deal to establish the reputation of American conductor Leonard
Slatkin, who, as Aubort points out in his technical addendum to the
notes, was familiar with the recording production process due to his
musical family (his father Felix Slatkin was also a conductor who
frequently recorded in the 1950’s for Capitol). Thus Leonard Slatkin
was able to work efficiently and effectively under pressured studio
conditions.

As Aubort describes it, he used a pair of Schoeps CM 66 microphones
for the main front channels in an omnidirectional pickup pattern,
along with a few cardioid spot mics to highlight detail. For the rear
channels, he set a pair of Schoeps M221b microphones about thirty
feet apart in the twelfth row of Powell Symphony Hall in a cardioid
pattern to pickup hall sound for the original quadraphonic recording.
Many recordings were made during the period with a similar setup, but
few end up sounding like Aubort’s. The immediate attraction of this
recording for me is the comparatively close pickup of the front
channels. Throughout the 1980’s and 90’s, the pursuit of more and
more epic sound led to a prevailing trend of ever more distant
microphone placement, and frequent slatherings of electronic
reverberation. The more intimate sound captured here may not have the
exaggerated drama of those latter day recordings, but it retains a
freshness that they do not, making it likely to age like a fine wine,
whereas the splashiest `epic’ recordings of the succeeding decades
are already starting to sound quite quaint. Both the close pickup and
the analog technology mean that it has a smaller dynamic range that a
typical digital recording, but that feature in itself will attract
some listeners. Indeed, those who enjoy listening in the car, where
extreme dynamic range isn’t ideal, would be well served to buy this
hybrid disc just for its CD layer, which handsomely conveys the
recording better than any previous reissue. The stereo Super Audio
layer increases the depth and texture of the recording noticeably,
and the 2/2.0 multichannel layer brings a widened scope to the
soundstage, with only light bounceback from the rear channels.

The analog provenance of this recording contributes to the buttery
warmth of the sound – as is typically the case, the aggressive,
ringing high end of percussion, trumpets, piccolos, and violins
doesn’t register well on analog tape, thus creating the oft-cited
`warmth’ and `comfort’ of such recordings. What usually was also lost
in analog was bass depth, although Aubort evidently caught a good
amount on the original tapes and the Mobile Fidelity Sound Labs
technicians were able to draw it out in this remastering, because it
captures the sort of bass that makes the air pulse around you when
you play it at a robust volume, a feature more common with audiophile
digital recordings than old analog tapes! One slight caveat is that
there is a low hum which is discernible in places, probably machine
noise or room interference picked up during the original sessions. I
also looked askance at the highlighting of the timpani in places, a
common technique that aids in clarity, though it removes the natural
throaty boom of well-played kettledrums and distorts orchestral
perspective. In sum, though not for everyone, this is a gorgeous
example of how rich and sweet an analog recording can sound after a
high definition remastering. Those desiring the velvet plush of
analog warmth would be well advised to investigate this release;
those more accustomed to live orchestral sound should be aware of its
limits. No one who picks this title up for sonic reasons is likely to
be disappointed.

In terms of performances, things are not so clear-cut. The poles of
interpretive style in the Ravel orchestration and arrangement of
Mussorgsky’s `Pictures at an Exhibition’ (or as my friend Don in
England points out, it should be more aptly translated as `Pictures
from an Exhibition’), were largely defined in the early days of
stereo LP’s by Fritz Reiner on RCA and Herbert von Karajan on EMI,
and Karajan again later with a remake on Deutsche Grammophon. The
1955 Reiner recording was one of the gems he made with the Chicago
Symphony for RCA’s `Living Stereo’ series, and it still remains a
reference point fifty years later. His approach is straightforward,
brilliant without exaggeration. The virtuosity of the Chicago players
under Reiner is still impressive, and though the finest modern
orchestras can match or surpass them in accuracy, few have the rich,
noble tone they displayed. The Karajan approach is brilliant in a
more glamorous manner, with broad tempos and the obsessive finesse
for which the old wizard was known. I don’t know if the EMI recording
has ever made it to Compact Disc, but the Deutsche Grammophon is
currently available in their `Originals’ series at mid-price. The
Reiner was one of the first CD’s RCA put out in the 1980’s, and as a
matter of fact, it was the very first CD I ever bought, way back in
1985. It has remained in the catalogue ever since. The RCA tapes have
aged more gracefully than the Deutsche Grammophon tapes, although the
Deutsche Grammophon remains sufficiently impressive to give a glimpse
of the glamour Karajan was after. Most subsequent performances have
tended to follow Reiner’s straightforwardness or Karajan’s
brilliance. Slatkin here aligns himself more closely to Reiner,
although he presided over a flashier remake in the late 1980’s on RCA
with the National Philharmonic, one of those recordings from the peak
of the CD boom which was available to the public for at least a good
fifteen or twenty minutes before the corporate accountants deleted
it. But this earlier performance is Reiner-like in its pursuit of
accuracy and detail with warmth but without moustache-twirling
theatrics.

Among more recent digital recordings, my favorites are Giuseppe
Sinopoli and the New York Philharmonic on Deutsche Grammophon, and
the controversial but engaging performance by James Conlon and the
Rotterdam Philharmonic on Erato, which is not currently available.
Sinopoli’s is strong on characterization, but without the waywardness
that crept into some of his renditions. It features electrified
playing from the New Yorkers, recorded effectively though
flamboyantly with a boatload of microphones and a sea of reverb. The
Sinopoli also includes a version of Rimsky-Korsakov’s arrangement of
Mussorgsky’s `Night on Bald Mountain’, which is of a much higher
voltage than Slatkin’s on this disc. The Conlon is a similarly
probing performance of `Pictures…’, but it offers a distinctive
angle: Conlon restores the changes that Ravel introduced (some
changed notes, altered dynamics). The only problem is that Conlon
doesn’t restore everything (the cut promenade, for instance). It is
nonetheless a fine performance with a reasonably brilliant sound,
though it is admittedly bass-shy. The Conlon disc also includes a
suite of orchestral excerpts from Mussorgsky’s unfinished opera
`Khovanshchina’, in the somber orchestration by Dmitri Shostakovich.
Slatkin’s disc includes these items (in a slightly different order)
in the more colorful orchestration of Rimsky-Korsakov. The
Shostakovich orchestration sounds more appropriate for Mussorgsky’s
style, but Slatkin emphasizes the music’s lyricism, thus keeping the
focus from moving to the orchestration.

Competitors to the Slatkin `Pictures…’ on SACD include the Philips’
multichannel hybrid disc by Valery Gergiev and the Vienna
Philharmonic, and the old Telarc recording by Lorin Maazel and the
Cleveland Orchestra, which was recorded with DSD technology back in
1978, thus allowing us to have a stereo SACD of it now. I have not
heard the high-definition incarnation of the Gergiev recording but
the regular CD version is reasonably effective, though lacking any
real sense of depth (both acoustically and psychologically!). I just
don’t find myself responding to Gergiev’s interpretation. Though he
is certainly electrifying and dramatic, his performance seems rushed
and impatient. One could imagine Gergiev having his sites set on the
flight of Baba-Yaga’s hut from the very beginning of the `Promenade’,
and everything is hurried along to get to that wild ride up and into
the Great Gate of Kiev. Though Gergiev also includes a crisp `Night
on Bald Mountain’ and the `Prelude’ from `Khovanshchina’, it doesn’t
capture the genuine melancholy that underlies `Pictures at an
Exhibition’. Maazel’s Telarc stereo SACD is predictably brilliant and
clear in recording, but Maazel takes the piece even less seriously
than Gergiev. Maazel offers maximum flash: Great for demonstrating
your sound system, but weak for demonstrating Mussorgsky and Ravel’s
combined genius. The filler performance of `Night on Bald Mountain’
is similarly flashy; however, that piece can take it. Speaking of the
Cleveland Orchestra, I might also add that there is a Sony stereo
SACD that features George Szell’s Columbia recording of `Pictures at
an Exhibition’, but surprisingly it did not seem to engage Szell nor
the orchestra to any great degree, and is deployed by Sony as filler
for a program of various composers instead of as a headliner.

In addition to all this Mussorgsky, the Mobile Fidelity disc also
includes Slatkin’s performance of Borodin’s `In the Steppes of
Central Asia’, an old chestnut that was once so commonly played,
everyone apparently got sick of it and stopped playing it. Now it
doesn’t pop up nearly as often as it ought to. Not only is it
musically evocative, it bears a simple but unforgettable lesson in
how disparate groups can weave around each other harmoniously without
losing their personal traits. Slatkin’s performance is typically
straightforward but warm. He gauges his tempo effectively, not
dragging the tempo for emphasis the way Svetlanov did, nor does he
rush it with impatience. Indeed, the performance rivals my
long-standing favorite, which is by Armenian conductor Loris
Tjeknavorian and the National Philharmonic on RCA (no longer
available).

In sum, though this is not one of the finest performances of
`Pictures at an Exhibition’, neither are any of the others on SACD.
Thus, if the solidness of Slatkin’s likable performance is
sufficient, and especially if one loves rich, creamy analog sound,
this disc is recommendable and will bring pleasure. A truly great
Super Audio CD `Pictures…’ still waits to be born.