TURKISH-ARMENIAN CONFLICT REARS ITS HEAD IN LEBANON
11:32, 31 Mar 2015
Siranush Ghazanchyan
Al-Monitor- Lebanon counts a large Armenian community that may be the
most prominent among the Armenian diaspora. There are nearly 150,000
Lebanese Armenians, who have an active economic presence in Lebanon,
in addition to their participation in the Lebanese political and
constitutional system. They have a permanent ministerial share of one
or two ministers, depending on the size of the Cabinet, as well as
six parliament seats, four of which are in Beirut, where the majority
of the Lebanese Armenians live.
The Lebanese Armenian community — Orthodox and Catholic Christian
— is firmly preserving its Armenian roots. The Armenian language
is taught in the community’s own schools, and the majority of
the Armenians are affiliated with the Lebanese Armenian political
parties. Large Armenian groups live in Armenian-majority areas, such
as in some neighborhoods of Beirut and on the northern Metn coast in
Mount Lebanon, adjacent to Beirut.
The Lebanese Armenian community constitutes a special case in
terms of its involvement in Lebanese society on the one hand, and
the preservation of its historic memory on the other. The Armenian
community came to Lebanon after being persecuted by the Turks 100
years ago — a persecution that resulted in massacres, tragedies and
attempts to exterminate its people.
A large number of Lebanon’s Christians share the Armenians’ memory of
suffering from the Turkish Ottoman persecution. History books used
in Lebanese schools write about the Ottoman occupation of Lebanon,
which coincided with the Armenian massacre in the early 20th century,
intended to starve Mount Lebanon’s Christians. This resulted in
one-third of Mount Lebanon’s population starved to death or killed by
the Ottomans during World War I. The large statue in Martyrs’ Square
in downtown Beirut commemorates dozens of journalists, militants and
politicians from all sects who were hanged by the Ottoman authorities
in 1915-16 for calling for the independence of Lebanon and opposing
the Turkish occupation.
Turkey has refused to recognize the Armenian tragedy. In today’s
political reality in the Middle East, Turkey is considered a Sunni
Muslim country that interacts with the region’s countries against
the backdrop of the current sectarian separation in the Middle East.
Lebanon is part of this region, and of this separation to a large
extent. The post of Lebanese premier, according to the sectarian
power-sharing in Lebanon, should always be held by a Sunni Muslim.
According to a government source, who spoke to Al-Monitor on condition
of anonymity, stances differ within the Lebanese state institutions.
Christians in parliament support the Armenian point of view on those
historical events and the international repercussions, whereas Muslims
— especially Sunnis in the parliament — are friendly with Ankara,
for political and economic reasons.
Armenia is preparing for a major international event in Yerevan
on the occasion of the centennial of the 1915 events, the annual
commemoration of which takes place April 24. A large number of heads
of state have been invited to attend the event, which Armenia wants
to be an occasion to renew the demand that the Armenian genocide by
the Ottoman Empire is internationally recognized.
Turkey has scrambled to organize the commemoration for the 100th
anniversary of the Battle of Gallipoli, on the same day, April 24.
During this battle, which occurred between April 25, 1915, and
Jan. 9, 1926, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk’s army triumphed over the Allies
in World War I. It was clear that by picking the same date to hold
the ceremony, Turkey intended to respond to Armenia and to corner
government representatives invited to choose between the event in
Ankara or the one in Yerevan.
In this context, Lebanon has received two invitations: an invitation
from Armenia to attend the official Yerevan ceremony, and another one
from Turkey to participate in the ceremony commemorating the Battle of
Gallipoli. This has ignited the Armenian-Turkish conflict within the
Lebanese state. Christians are more inclined to refuse to participate
in Ankara’s ceremony, in solidarity with the Lebanese Armenians who
are represented in Beirut’s government and parliament, and to condemn
Turkey’s role in Lebanon under the Ottoman occupation. Meanwhile,
Sunnis are likely to take part in the Turkish ceremony, to maintain
friendly ties and nurture political and economic co-operation.
Two different points of view are now expressed by two communities
within the Cabinet and by two individuals who have received an Armenian
and Turkish invitation — namely the prime minister, a Sunni, and
the minister of foreign affairs, a Christian. The latter is expected
to boycott the Ankara event, and the former or his representative is
expected to boycott the Yerevan ceremony.
According to the government source, Lebanon will thus be officially
participating in both events. Lebanese Prime Minister Tammam Salam or
his representative will attend Ankara’s ceremony, while Minister of
Foreign Affairs Gebran Bassil will take part in the Yerevan ceremony.
Officials from Christian and Armenian parties told Al-Monitor that
the Lebanese Armenian political parties, as well as other Christian
political forces, are preparing for a series of activities in Beirut,
in support of the Armenian cause, between April 24 and May 6, to
condemn the Turkish stance and embarrass the premier for his position
in what seems to be an ongoing Ankara-Yerevan war in Beirut.