New Lessons: Armenia prepares for significant changes in secondary education
By Gayane Abrahamyan, ArmeniaNow reporter
ArmeniaNow.com
June 11,2004
A Project on Education Quality and Compliance has been in public
discussion for several months and proposes fundamental changes in
Armenia’s schools of general education.
According to the new state education system, beginning 2006 secondary
education in the republic will be 12 years and children will be
admitted at the age of six. (Presently, the system is 10 years,
with students entering at age six.)
Ten years will become 12 for general education students..
The new education system was developed by a working group selected
through competition, 40 percent of which were teachers, the
others were professors at universities, members of the center for
educational reforms at the Ministry of Education and Science and also
representatives of non-governmental organizations.
According to this educational system secondary general education will
be carried out through a three-level system: 4 years elementary school
(1st to 4th grades); 5 years secondary school (5th to 9th grades);
and 3 years senior school (10th to 12th grades).
The complete program of reforms also includes a methodical re-training
of 40,000 teachers, publishing of new textbooks, providing computers
and introduction of a new evaluation system.
According to the Minister of Education and Science Sergo Yeritsyan in
the aspect of educational reforms Armenia is not only behind European
but also CIS countries. It has been several years that Russia, Belarus
or other CIS countries have passed on to a 12-year education plan.
“We haven’t had a defined educational strategy after independence,”
Yeritsyan says. “Different tests have been done, a project has been
developed proceeding from the present moment, while this new project
is complete. It involves pre-school education up to post graduate
education.”
The Minister points out that one of the main advantages of this
project is that the new educational system will give an opportunity to
combine final school exams with entry exams at institutes of higher
learning. It will also allow for a lighter load of subjects and at
the same time it will add 20 percent of new subjects.
According to the director of Educational Project center Karine
Harutyunyan, the project will be implement by a $45 million credit
allotment from World Bank.
NIE director Melikyan is in favor of the changes..
The new educational system became subject to active discussions among
society. For instance, the dean of the journalism faculty at Yerevan
State University, Garnik Ananyan, believes the new educational policy
will lead to a weakening of the education system.
And Anahit Simonyan, a teacher for 30 years, says a four-year
elementary system isn’t needed, as three years are more than enough
for the material provided to cover that level.
Gagik Melikyan, deputy director of National Institute for Education,
says objections to the new educational system initially was the lack
of awareness and wrong opinions. Included in the misunderstanding was a
wide-spread belief that Armenian children would start school at age 5.
“All those conversations that in case of passing on to a new
educational system children will go to school at the age of five,
are not true. Moreover, nothing is said about it in the project,”
points out Melikyan.
He clarifies that the issue of 5 year-old children was touched since
there was some discussion of organizing a pre-school education program,
aimed to bring those children who are not attending kindergartens to
the necessary level.
“Not everyone can afford to take their children to kindergartens,
and as a result the child comes to school unprepared,” says Melikyan.
According to information of the National Statistics Service
today in Armenia only 18 percent of 5-6 year-old children go to
kindergartens. To fill in this gap the new educational system provides
state assistance thanks to which the last kindergarten year will be
free of charge.
“It does not mean that kindergartens will lose their main
activity which is to prepare children for school, like many people
think. Simply, if now that process is carried out by communities then
in case of passing to the new educational system it will be carried
out through the means and with the control of Ministry of Education
and Science,” adds Melikyan.
A lot of attention in the project is paid to teachers’ training,
re-training and re-qualification, as well as to the issue of computer
usage. According to Melikyan there already is a group consisting of 40
teachers who have been re-qualified abroad and who will be teaching
at the branches of the Institute for Re-Training that exist in all
the regions of the republic.
There also is a center for knowledge evaluation and testing, which
will be carrying out both current and final school exams, which will
at the same time be entry exams. According to Yeritsyan, the new
evaluation method will give an opportunity to prevent corruption.
To clarify society’s opinion the Armenian Sociology Association
recently sponsored an opinion poll.
Six hundred teachers, principles, high grade pupils and parents and
160 experts from 100 schools randomly chosen from five regions of
Armenia participated in the poll.
Sixty five percent were dissatisfied with what they knew about the
proposed system. Forty-seven percent believe the reform is aimed
at improving the quality of education. Twenty percent answered that
the reform is for monetary gain of the specialists and six percent
believe it is to improve personnel.
Twelve percent think that reforms will lead to deterioration of the
educational system. Nine percent think the number of unemployed
teachers will increase as a result of reforms. According to 4.5
percent the number of schools will be cut.
The topic on which there was overwhelming agreement was teacher salary:
Almost 92 percent of those who took part in the poll complained of
the amount of salary paid to teachers and they pointed out that it
is not enough to take care of their family needs. One third of them
have no choice but doing something else in addition to their main job.