Les chretiens victimes de l’islamisation extreme en Irak

La Croix
3 août 2004

TERRORISME. Les chrétiens victimes de l’islamisation extrême en Irak.
Les attentats d’avant-hier commis par des extrémistes visaient les
chrétiens qui, depuis plusieurs mois, se sentent menacés en Irak. De
nombreuses familles ont déjà quitté le pays. BAGDAD, de notre
correspondant.

HAMON Jean-Philippe

Depuis quelque temps déjà, le P. Bachar Warda avait comme un vague
mauvais pressentiment. L’explosion d’une voiture piégée, deux
semaines auparavant, à quelques pas de son église Mar Eliya, avait
alerté ce prêtre chaldéen de Bagdad Jedida, quartier populaire au
nord-est de Bagdad. Certes l’attentat avait échoué, la charge s’étant
déclenchée inopinément avant que le véhicule n’atteigne sa cible.
Mais son trouble a sans doute sauvé quelques-uns de ses 150 fidèles,
réunis, avant-hier soir, pour le deuxième office dominical. · peine
renseigné sur deux premiers attentats perpétrés contre des églises
syriaques et arméniennes dans le centre de Bagdad, Bachar Warda a
immédiatement ordonné l’évacuation de l’assemblée, la mettant à
l’abri, derrière l’église. Trois minutes plus tard, à 19 h 05, une
énorme déflagration semait l’effroi dans la rue, balayait portes,
autel, et vitraux de l’édifice ; et endommageait aussi la mosquée
chiite, jouxtant l’église.

Hier matin, la confusion était encore perceptible. Une dizaine de
femmes, certaines réprimant mal leurs larmes, tentaient de remettre
un peu d’ordre à la confusion, avant la messe prévue pour
l’enterrement d’un jeune homme, tué dans l’explosion. Le P. Bachar,
quant à lui, recevait les témoignages de sympathie d’une multitude
d’anonymes, dont des religieux musulmans. Je m’attendais à ces
marques de fraternité de mes confrères, mais elles me touchent
néanmoins beaucoup , explique-t-il. Pour le prêtre, les cinq
attentats commis, quasi simultanément, contre des lieux de culte
chrétiens à Bagdad et Mossoul, participent d’une stratégie du chaos.

S’en prendre aux chrétiens, c’est l’assurance pour ceux qui
commettent ces atrocités d’avoir un maximum de publicité à travers le
monde dans leur combat contre les Américains. Mais cette carte ne
prendra pas. Il y a trop de respect entre les confessions, en tout
cas, au niveau hiérarchique. Bachar Warda s’attend, cependant, à des
jours difficiles. Ces attentats vont inciter un peu plus les
chrétiens à fuir l’Irak, déplore-t-il. En quatre mois, 57 familles de
ma paroisse sont parties. Tout sauf l’Irak, me disent ces personnes.
C’est un véritable drame. Les chrétiens sont, depuis quelques mois,
persécutés. Il n’y a pas d’autres mots lorsqu’on interdit à un père
de famille d’exercer son travail et donc de subvenir aux besoins des
siens.

Au cours des deux dernières semaines, le prêtre a enterré trois
personnes : un membre du conseil municipal de quartier, un vendeur
d’alcool et la jeune victime de l’attentat. En cause, l’insurrection
qui chasse les Irakiens, de toutes confessions, considérés comme
collaborateurs du nouveau régime, mais aussi une islamisation
rampante et extrême de la société irakienne. Deux phénomènes liés,
pour Linard Nouiya, dont le magasin de CD audio a été récemment
plastiqué à Bagdad Jedida. Les problèmes ont commencé après avril,
suite au siège de Falloudja et à l’insurrection chiite de Moktada Al
Sadr, explique-t-il. Aujourd’hui pratiquement tous les commerces
chrétiens sont fermés dans le quartier à la suite de menaces et
d’attaques à la bombe. D’abord les débits d’alcool, puis les salons
de coiffure, les vendeurs de cassettes audio et vidéo, les magasins
de lingerie féminine. Des commerces principalement tenus par des
chrétiens. Et maintenant, les barbiers sont menacés parce qu’ils ne
taillent pas la barbe selon les normes islamiques…

Les extrémistes de tous bords sont suspectés d’être à la source de
cette vague de terreur. Les Wahhabites, tenants d’un islam sunnite
rigoriste, mais surtout les partisans du leader chiite radical
Moktada Al Sader. Des jeunes gens, en majorité désoeuvrés, encouragés
par leurs religieux, lesquels ont récemment édicté une liste de
crimes passibles de la peine de mort, dont la vente d’alcool et de
cassettes pornographiques. L’oncle de Linard, Albert, a quant à lui
décidé de quitter le plus tôt possible le pays , dès qu’il aura vendu
tous ses meubles. Je vis en prison ici, assure ce technicien en
électricité au chômage. Pour protéger ma maison, j’ai acheté un
chien, un rideau métallique et des armes que je sais à peine
utiliser. Je ne veux pas que mes enfants grandissent dans ce climat.
Je pars en Syrie, en espérant m’envoler ensuite pour l’Australie.

Deux mille familles chrétiennes auraient ainsi déjà choisi la voie de
l’exil en deux mois, selon un recensement du Mouvement démocratique
assyrien (MDA), le principal parti politique chrétien d’Irak. Les
chrétiens sont les premières victimes de la faiblesse du nouvel Etat,
explique William Warda, porte-parole du MDA. Dans les situations
difficiles, les minorités souffrent toujours le plus parce qu’elles
ne peuvent pas se défendre. Et vient se greffer le rejet croissant
par les Irakiens de la présence américaine. Les extrémistes, mais
aussi les ignorants, font l’amalgame entre chrétiens irakiens et
Américains. Actuellement, nous ne pouvons nous contenter d’espérer
que le gouvernement parvienne à sécuriser le pays.

Hier, comme de coutume, à la sortie de la messe, le P. Bachar Warda
s’est entretenu avec ses paroissiens. Le sujet reste toujours le même
: le départ pour l’étranger. Mon rôle est de leur conseiller la
patience. Mais mes propos sont vains pour ces gens simples qui
troqueraient volontiers la liberté d’aujourd’hui contre la
sécurisante dictature du temps de Saddam Hussein !

JEAN-PHILIPPE HAMON

Sur

Participez au forum sur l’Irak.

Inquiétude au Vatican

Dans un télégramme envoyé au patriarche chaldéen Emmanuel III Delly,
Jean-Paul II s’est déclaré profondément frappé par ces attaques
contre des communautés catholiques réunies dans la prière, et sans
aucun respect pour des lieux de culte . Le Pape déplore vivement les
agressions injustes à l’égard de ceux qui ne cherchent qu’à
collaborer pour la paix et la réconciliation de l’Irak , a ajouté
dans un communiqué le P. Ciro Benedettini, vice-directeur de la salle
de presse du Saint-Siège.

Le cardinal Roger Etchegaray, envoyé du Pape Jean-Paul II pour les
missions politiquement les plus difficiles, s’est déclaré bouleversé
dans un entretien accordé au quotidien italien La Repubblica, d’hier
: Ce sont des nouvelles fort tristes, pas seulement pour l’Eglise,
affirme-t-il, mais pour l’humanité tout entière (…), car c’est une
liberté fondamentale qui est touchée, la liberté religieuse.

www.La-Croix.com

3 Killed on Vanadzor-Alaverdi Road as a Result of Firing of Car

3 PERSONS KILLED ON VANADZOR-ALAVERDI ROAD AS A RESULT OF FIRING OF CAR

YEREVAN, August 4 (Noyan Tapan). On August 3, at about 16:25, the
“Nissan-Patrol” jeep belonging to Edik Martirosian was fired in the
sector of the first km of the road leading from Vanadzor to
Alaverdi. E.Martirosian, his son and Ruben Khachatrian, his friend,
died on the spot and Ashot Janjughazian, the forth passenger who was
in the car, was taken to hospital. Ararat Mahtesian, the first Depurty
Head of RA Police, said this at the August 4 press conference.

According to him, at present the Police are carrying out complex
operative investigation arrangements directed to revelation of
eye-witnesses, evidences and other proofs. The first Deputy Head of RA
Police told the journalists that the crime was committed with the help
of sub-machine-guns and a pistol. According to preliminary data, 2 or
3 persons attacked the victims. Mahtesian reported that Edik
Martirosian with a “Jojoi Edo” nickname had contacts and some
authority in the criminal world. A.Mahtesian didn’t exclude the
possible connection of this crime with the recent murder of Goga
Arakelian, another Vanadzor “authority”, committed in Yerevan.

Minister of Urban Development Pays Two-Day Business Visit to Russia

RA MINISTER OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT PAYS TWO-DAY BUSINESS VISIT TO RUSSIA

YEREVAN, August 4 (Noyan Tapan). On August 4, RA Minister of Urban
Development Aram Harutiunian paid a two-day business visit to Moscow
with the purpose of participation in the arrangements organized on the
occasion of the Day of Builders. During the two-day visit he will meet
with Vladimir Averchenko, Head of the Federal Agency on Construction
and Housing Operation of Russia, Viktor Khristenko, Minister of Energy
and Industry of Russia, Sergey Kruglik, Director of the Department on
Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the same
Ministry. According to the press service of the Ministry, the
prospects of cooperation between the two countries in the sphere of
urban development will be discussed during these meetings.

From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Padre Announcer Vasgersian to Lead Olympics Baseball Softball Covrg.

The San Diego Tribune, August 3, 2004

Don’t adjust your set. Padres telecasts will have a different sound for
the next four weeks.

Matt Vasgersian, the team’s play-by-play voice on Channel 4 San Diego
for the last 2½ seasons, won’t call his next game until Aug. 31 in St.
Louis. But he has a good excuse.

He’s leaving tomorrow for Athens, where he will work the Summer Olympics
for NBC as the lead announcer on baseball and softball.

And, while he’s been eagerly awaiting the experience for several months,
Vasgersian leaves with a slight sense of regret, thanks to the success
the Padres have enjoyed this season.

“I kind of wish the Olympics had been in the summer of ’02 or the summer
of ’03,” Vasgersian said. “We all would have looked forward to missing
out on a month of that. But this year has been so much fun . . . For the
first time since I’ve been here, we’re thinking about right now instead
of, ‘This is going to be an OK player down the line.’ ”

Still, it’s not as if he thought about calling NBC and asking out of the
Olympics. He’s expecting an unforgettable experience and plans to keep
up with the games he’s going to miss via the Internet.

“It’s a great opportunity for Matt, and I wanted to be supportive of
him,” said Dan Novak, Channel 4 vice president of programming and
executive producer. “I’m confident we’ll still put a great telecast on
the air. I think it’s a good chance for Mark (Grant) to really refine
his skills as well.”

With Vasgersian gone for 22 telecasts starting with tonight’s home game
against Philadelphia, Grant will shift into the play-by-play role, one
he has filled occasionally the last few years. Rick Sutcliffe will be
the analyst for the next three weeks before former Padres player and
coach Tim Flannery takes over the week of Aug. 23.

“As much as I love to talk, I’m not going to talk too much,” Grant said.
“I’m looking forward to working with Sut and Flan; it will be a couple
of ballplayers just talking about the game. It’s going to be fun.

“Play-by-play is a totally different monster. I’ve learned some stuff
from Matt, but I’m not going to be Matt and I’m not going to be Vin
Scully or Jon Miller. I’ll try to be myself. I’m sure I’ll make a few
mistakes, maybe more. But having a long stretch like this hopefully will
enable me to get into a groove.”

Vasgersian has worked previously for NBC, most notably during the 2001
disaster known as the XFL. But he made a good impression, according to
David Neal, executive vice president, NBC Olympics.

“Through everything that he did with us with the XFL and other things,
he’s never been anything but an absolute pro,” Neal said. “He’s always
been loyal to us, and we try to keep people within the family.”

Vasgersian also has written one column for and said
he might file more from Athens, time permitting. He’s also expected to
do some satellite reports for the Padres’ pregame show on Channel 4.

www.NBCOlympics.com

Une catastrophe pour les rapports entre Occident et Orient

Le Monde, France
04 août 2004

« Une catastrophe pour les rapports entre Occident et Orient » ;
IRAK Joseph Yacoub, professeur de science politique à l’Université
catholique de Lyon

Propos recueillis par Henri Tincq

LIVRE
TITRE: Menaces sur les chrétiens d’Irak
AUTEUR: Joseph Yacoub

Vous avez publié en mars 2003 Menaces sur les chrétiens d’Irak
(édition CLD-Témoignage chrétien). Quelle est pour vous la
signification des attentats qui ont pris pour cible la communauté
chrétienne de ce pays ?

C’est la première fois que des lieux de culte, représentant
l’ensemble des Eglises – chaldéenne, syriaque, arménienne,
nestorienne, etc. -, sont touchés et au même moment. Et ce dans les
trois villes les plus symboliques de l’Irak chrétien : Bagdad, lieu
de concentration de tous les patriarcats, Mossoul et Kirkouk, qui
sont parmi les plus vieilles villes chrétiennes du monde.

Des attaques aussi bien organisées et concertées ont une fonction
idéologique précise : réduire l’influence chrétienne, fût-elle
limitée, dans les instances de gouvernement et de préparation des
élections, briser le renouveau liturgique, culturel, intellectuel des
Eglises. Je ne citerai que l’exemple de la revue Al-fiqr Al-Masihi
(La Pensée chrétienne), qui compte déjà 10 000 acheteurs, dont un
quart de musulmans !

A qui attribuez-vous la responsabilité de telles attaques ?

J’exclus que les auteurs viennent des mouvements nationalistes
irakiens. Ils ne peuvent être issus que des rangs de musulmans
fanatiques, pour qui il ne doit plus y avoir de chrétiens sur cette
terre et qui veulent accroître l’amalgame entre chrétiens d’Irak et
chrétiens d’Occident, au premier rang desquels les Américains.

Il s’agit de faire monter les tensions entre les différentes
communautés, de dresser les musulmans contre les chrétiens,
d’éliminer l’influence chrétienne sur l’échiquier politique, dans le
paysage social et culturel irakien, de les pousser encore un peu plus
à l’exode.

Quelle est l’ampleur de cet exode chrétien ?

Sous Saddam Hussein, on a exagéré le poids des chrétiens. Le
dictateur les tolérait, mais guère plus que les autres confessions.
Leur activité était limitée à un cadre strictement religieux et
contrôlée par le régime baas. Dès qu’ils dépassaient ce cadre, les
chrétiens étaient persécutés. 350 000 ont quitté l’Irak depuis 1961,
c’est-à-dire depuis la révolte kurde. Ils ont commencé à émigrer du
Nord vers les villes, puis sont descendus encore un peu plus à
Bagdad, pour prendre ensuite le chemin de l’exil. Ils étaient un
million en 1961. Ils vivent aujourd’hui à Detroit (70 000), à
Chicago, etc. L’émigration s’est faite plus massive encore à partir
de l’embargo du début des années 1990, qui a fait fuir 250 000
chrétiens. Ce mouvement s’est ralenti depuis la chute de Saddam
Hussein, mais l’exode a repris depuis mars en raison du chaos.

Cet exode est grave. Le chrétien d’Irak revendique ses racines dans
l’Assyrie et la Babylone anciennes. L’Irak est sa terre. Ce n’est pas
un étranger ni un converti des missions jésuites ou protestantes. Il
est chrétien depuis deux mille ans, c’est-à-dire depuis
l’évangélisation par l’apôtre Thomas de la Mésopotamie. Les premières
églises dans le Nord à Mossoul datent du IIe siècle.

Cette chrétienté est fière. Sa présence est bien antérieure à celle
de l’islam. Elle a toujours participé à la vie politique et
culturelle du pays, traduit la littérature grecque, servi de pont
entre l’Orient et l’Occident. Ce sont les chrétiens qui traduisaient
en Irak les oeuvres de l’Occident et ce sont eux qui faisaient
connaître en Occident la richesse de la littérature arabe, chrétienne
ou musulmane. Oui, ces derniers attentats sont une catastrophe pour
les rapports entre Occident et Orient, entre islam et christianisme.

From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Russia funds reconstruction of railway in Abkhazia

The Messenger
August 3, 2004

Russia funds reconstruction of railway in Abkhazia
Russia is to fund the reconstruction of the Abkhazian portion of the railway
from Psou to Sukhumi, the information agency Apsnipress reports. This
follows an agreement reached between the government of the unrecognized
republic of Abkhazia and the authorities of the North Caucasus railway. Over
20 sleeper-wagons and special equipment have been delivered by the Russian
railway to Abkhazia to begin work on the project.
Meanwhile, after a recent meeting with Armenian Prime Minister Andranik
Margarian, Georgian PM Zurab Zhvania declared that the renewal of railway
communications between the South Caucasus and Russia via Abkhazia is
dependent on the safe return of Georgian refugees to Abkhazia.

ANCA: Sen. Burns Agrees to Cosponsor Genocide Resolution

Armenian National Committee of America
888 17th St., NW, Suite 904
Washington, DC 20006
Tel: (202) 775-1918
Fax: (202) 775-5648
E-mail: [email protected]
Internet:

PRESS RELEASE

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
August 3, 2004
Contact: Elizabeth S. Chouldjian
Tel: (202) 775-1918

SENATOR BURNS AGREES TO COSPONSOR GENOCIDE RESOLUTION

— Montana Republican Becomes 40th Senate
Supporter of Human Rights Measure

WASHINGTON, DC – Montana Senator Conrad Burns (R-MT) agreed this
week to cosponsor the Genocide Resolution, S.Res.164, bringing the
number of U.S. Senators supporting this human rights measure to
forty, reported the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA).

“I am proud to join with 39 of my Senate colleagues in support of
S.Res.164,” said Senator Burns in a statement to the ANCA. “This
legislation stresses the importance of remembering and learning the
lessons of past crimes against humanity, including the Armenian
Genocide, the Holocaust, and the Cambodian and Rwandan genocides,
in an effort to stop future atrocities. Silence in the face of
genocide only encourages those who would commit such atrocities in
the future – a legacy which we cannot afford to pass on to our
children.”

“Armenian Americans, in Montana and across the United States, join
in thanking Senator Burns for his principled stand in defense of
the fundamental right of all people to live free from the terrors
of genocide,” said ANCA-Western Region Executive Director Ardashes
Kassakhian, who traveled to Montana in late July to meet with
members of the state’s Congressional delegation, along with local
community activist Yedvart Tchakerian. “We have been very
encouraged, in recent months, by the increasing effectiveness of
our grassroots outreach in the Northern Plain states, with Senators
from Montana and both North and South Dakota supporting the
Genocide Resolution, and the governors of Idaho, Nebraska, and
Montana issuing proclamations commemorating the Armenian Genocide.”

The Genocide Resolution marks the 15th anniversary of the U.S.
implementation of the Genocide Convention and reaffirms the
commitment of the American people to this landmark treaty. It
specifically cites the importance of applying the lessons of past
genocides in order to make the world safe from future genocides.
Senators John Ensign (R-NV) and Jon Corzine (D-NJ) introduced this
measure in June of last year. Its companion measure in the U.S.
House, H.Res.193, led by Representatives George Radanovich (R-CA),
Adam Schiff (D-CA), and Congressional Armenian Caucus Co-Chairs
Frank Pallone (D-NJ) and Joe Knollenberg (R-MI), was adopted
unanimously by the House Judiciary Committee last May and currently
has 111 cosponsors. On July 15th, the U.S. House passed an
amendment, authored by Congressman Adam Schiff (D-CA), which
prohibited the government of Turkey from using U.S. foreign aid
dollars to lobby against the Genocide Resolution.

Support for the Genocide Resolution has been widespread outside of
Congress as well, with a diverse coalition of over 100 ethnic,
religious, civil and human rights organizations calling for its
passage, including American Values, National Organization of Women,
Sons of Italy, NAACP, Union of Orthodox Rabbis, and the National
Council of La Raza.

For information about Senator Burns, who serves on the powerful
Senate Appropriations Committee, visit:

http://burns.senate.gov/
www.anca.org

Finding richness in a new land: Canadian Azerbaijanis…

Hamilton Spectator (Ontario, Canada)
August 3, 2004 Tuesday Final Edition

Finding richness in a new land; Canadians from the former Soviet
state of Azerbaijan are contributing here while respecting their past

Special to The Hamilton Spectator

by Nazila Isgandarova

Bitter territorial wars, people forced from their homes and made to
be refugees, and a passionate struggle for democracy. These are the
wounds of Azerbaijan.

Strong black oil, Caspian caviar and a history that is vibrant with
beauty and intellect. This is what Akbar Majidov thinks of as the
pearls of Azeri society. The bitter and sweet of Azerbaijan is what
Majidov and his Hamilton friends like to talk about when they get
together.

Majidov lives in Hamilton with his wife and two young sons. He is
originally from Karabakh, a western region of Azerbaijan, a former
Soviet state that hugs the Caspian Sea, sandwiched between Armenia to
the west, Russia to the north and Iran to the south. He is a member
of the Union of Azerbaijan Journalists.

Recently, Majidov and his friends formed a new organization, the
Azerbaijan Cultural and Education Centre, which operates in Hamilton
and Toronto.

The members of the centre hold meetings every Saturday in parks and
the homes of members.

There are about 1,000 people from Azerbaijan in Hamilton and the
Greater Toronto Area.

Majidov likes the cultural meetings. He says they help him learn the
language and build communication with other members of society. He
tries to contribute to Canadian society through facilitating the
strength and skills of the members of the Azeri community. He is also
an active volunteer in the Turkish community by representing their
newspapers Sunrise and Zaman in Hamilton.

Azerbaijan has a largely Muslim population. There are many problems.
This country is split and has not resolved a conflict with Armenia
over land issues. There are close to one million refugees.

Several Canadian Azeri organizations have recently split over
internal differences and shut down. But many members of the Hamilton
and Toronto Azeri community have united with the education centre.

Zeynalabdin Zeynalov, Ibrahim Aliev, Ilham Babayev and Sahib Hesenov
are senior members of the Azerbaijan Cultural and Education Centre.
It’s easy to feel their enthusiasm for what is happening.

Much of the area’s small Azeri population lives in Toronto. Majidov
says he likes Hamilton because it’s a city that makes him feel
welcome.

He is proud that the area community celebrated Azerbaijan’s
independence day May 30 in Dundas at Webster’s Falls.

Majidov says the Azerbaijan community has made many contributions to
Canadian society. Many prominent names are well-known in the field of
technology, medicine and science. Among them Dr. Reza Moridi, the
2001 recipient of Canadian Nuclear Society’s Education and
Communication Award, Dr. Ilham Akhundov, professor in McMaster
University and Yusif Savalan, the beloved musician of the Azeri
community in Canada.

But the centre stands on the shoulders of lay people such as
Zeynalabidin Zeynalov, Ibrahim Aliyev, Zemine Zaynalova, Munira
Babayeva and her husband, Ilham Babayev, Sanan Abbasov and his wife,
Gulebetin Abbasov.

Zeynalov and Aliyev are the inspiration for members. Zeynalov was
trained as an economist and he manages the centre’s affairs. Most of
the time he opens his apartment to members for the weekly meetings.
After every meeting his wife, Zemine, invites the participants to
share delicious Azeri food.

Majidov said one of his goals is to raise awareness about the
relationship between Azerbaijan and Canada. He said he hopes Canada
will support the development of civil society in Azerbaijan.

* Nazila Isgandarova is originally from Azerbaijan and converted to
Islam when she was 23. She is a member of the Union of Azerbaijan
Journalists and has worked as a journalist since 1995. She is writing
a thesis on Koranic translations in Azerbaijan. She is an interpreter
at Settlement Integration Services Organization and the North
Hamilton Community Health Centre. She speaks, reads and writes in
Azeri, Turkish, English, Russian and Arabic.

* Usman Khan is a freelance photographer based in Stoney Creek and
has worked for domestic newspapers and foreign wire services in
Pakistan before emigrating to Canada.

GRAPHIC: Photo: Usman Khan, Special to the Spectator; Akbar Majidov,
president of the Azerbaijan Cultural and Educational Centre, speaks
to members at a gathering recently. The pearls of Azeri culture are
black oil, beauty, intellect and Caspian Sea caviar, he says.

International Shakespeare Festival underway in Gdansk

PAP Polish Press Agency
PAP News Wire
August 2, 2004 Monday

International Shakespeare Festival underway in Gdansk

Gdansk

Shakespeare’s “Richard III,” a production
by Janusz Wisniewski in Teatr Nowy from Poznan inaugurated the
8th International Shakespeare Festival held in Gdansk from July
31 to August 8. The production was awarded the Golden Yorick
for the previous season.

The festival, organised by the Theatrum Gedanense
Foundation is recognised as one of the biggest event of this kind in
Europe.This year’s programme envisages productions by 12 theatres
from eight countries, Armenia, Estonia, Lithuania, Germany, Russia,
Romania and the USA, and Poland.

Three projects are realised during the festival thanks to
support of the European Commission: the European Shakespeare,
Shakespeare on the Baltic, and the Russian Shakespeare.

Theatre critic Andrzej Zurowski, the Theatrum Gedanense
artistic adviser and author of several books on Shakespeare
recommends especially the production of “Titus Andronicus” by Theater
an der Ruhr of Germany, directed by Roberto Ciulli of Milan,
and “Romeo and Juliet” by Russian theatre Luna with an all-men
cast.

The festival is accompanied by workshops, an international
conference on Shakespeare, panel discussions and exhibitions.

Analysis: Attacks defy the Prophet’s wish

United Press International
August 3, 2004 Tuesday 11:18 AM Eastern Time

Analysis: Attacks defy the Prophet’s wish

By UWE SIEMON-NETTO

GENEVA, Switzerland, Aug. 3 (UPI)

The lethal attacks on five churches in Iraq violated the stated will
of the prophet Mohammed, who in the 7th century issued a “Firman” –
or letter of protection — for Assyrian Christians.

Assyrians make up the majority of the 700,000 Christians in
present-day Iraq. Mohammed was so impressed with their ancestors’
knowledge of medicine and the sciences that he decreed for them to be
left in peace, according to Albert Yelda, formerly the Christian
representative in the leadership of the London-based Iraqi National
Congress.

The Firman disappeared without trace in 1847, Yelda told United Press
International. Assyrians believe that the then-Turkish rulers
destroyed this document before setting out to kill 30,000 Christians.

Joseph Yacoub, a political science professor at the Catholic
University of Lyon, France, fears that the coordinated car bombings
of churches may accomplish what Mohammed had tried to prevent. “There
exists a definite risk that the Christian presence will be reduced to
a level of insignificance,” he told the French newspaper, Le Figaro.

“So far there had just been attacks on Christian individuals,” this
leading expert on Middle Eastern Christianity continued. “But now the
bombers have taken on the entire community. Their message is clear:
This is Muslim territory; it does not belong to you.”

Thus one of the most remarkable set of Christians is once again
threatened with extinction. The Assyrians, of whom there are 1.5
million worldwide, are descendants of one of the oldest civilizations
– Mesopotamia. Almost three millennia ago, they excelled in
astronomy, jurisprudence, the arts, architecture, medicine and the
natural sciences.

Assyrians were the first nation to adopt Christianity as their state
religion in 179 A.D., more than a century before Armenia. They claim
to have been the first to build churches and to translate the New
Testament from Greek into their vernacular – Aramaic, the language of
Christ.

In the 8th century, not long after Mohammed’s death, Assyrians were
the first to send missionaries to China, Mongolia and even Japan.
They were Nestorians, heretics in the eyes of the rest of the church
because they followed the teachings of Nestorius, a 5th-century
bishop of Constantinople who taught that the Virgin Mary was not the
“theodokos,” or mother of God, but simply the mother of Jesus Christ.

This fine point of theology has long ceased to stand in the way of
Christian unity in Iraq. In the 16th century, a major segment of the
Nestorian church united with Rome while retaining its ancient
liturgy. They are now called the Chaldean Church to which most
Assyrian Christians belong.

The remaining Nestorians are on excellent of terms with the
Chaldeans, while maintaining different traditions. Their liturgy is
extremely “high;” yet their incense-filled sanctuaries appear as
stark as synagogues or Reformed churches.

There is no iconostasis – a partition or screen decorated with icons
separating the sanctuary from the rest of the church. There are no
graven images. A simple cross above the altar is the only adornment
of a Nestorian church. Nestorians call their priests “rabi;” like
orthodox Jews they eschew mixed marriages.

While the Assyrians lived in peace for much of the first 11 centuries
since the Muslim conquest of their homeland, martyrdom has been their
fate for the past 150 years.

The massacre of 30,000 Christians in 1847 was succeeded by another in
1896. In 1915 the Turks slaughtered not only over one million
Armenians but also 250,000 Assyrians, a fact seldom mentioned when
the first holocaust of the 20th century is being discussed.

There are still some old men alive in Iraq who were forcible
converted to Islam in their childhood but remained Christians in
their hearts, fasting during Lent and making merry at Christmas,
Easter and Pentecost.

During Saddam Hussein’s dictatorship, the Assysians’ persecution was
in a sense more of a cultural than a religious nature. “Tyrants hate
minorities,” said Yelda. Hence Saddam had hundreds of Assyrian
villages razed, including one 2nd-century church. He also banned the
Assyrians’ cultural clubs where they had kept their literary language
alive.

But in Saddam’s days, too, Muslim mobs terrorized Iraqi Christians,
beheading on Aug. 15, 2002 a Chaldean nun, Sister Cecilia Hanna,
whose monastery they had stormed.

Like their cousins, the Jews, Assyrians are now scattered around the
world. Almost 300,000 went to America, primarily the Chicago area.
Others live in Jordan, Australia, France, Germany and the United
Kingdom.

It is with a heavy heart that Pope John Paul II reacted to the news
of the murderous attacks on Iraq’s churches by stressing his
closeness to the marvelous and venerable Christian culture, which is
at the point of oblivion.

The pontiff appealed to those believing in one God to show mercy.
Instead, Iraq’s Christians are being murdered — in the name of that
merciful God.