Verheugen ouvre la porte a la Turquie

Le Figaro, France
24 septembre 2004

Verheugen ouvre la porte à la Turquie;

UNION EUROPÉENNE Le commissaire à l’Élargissement souhaite que la
Commission donne une recommandation positive sur l’ouverture de
négociations d’adhésion

par Alexandrine BOUILHET

La visite du premier ministre turc, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, jeudi à
Bruxelles, a permis de dégager la voie de la candidature d’Ankara à
l’Union européenne en rendant quasi certaine une recommandation
positive de la Commission européenne le 6 octobre sur l’ouverture de
négociations d’adhésion. La promesse d’une adoption, dès dimanche,
par le Parlement turc, d’un nouveau Code pénal ne comportant pas de
clause criminalisant l’adultère a suscité la satisfaction du
commissaire européen à l’Elargissement, Günter Verheugen. « Il n’y a
désormais plus d’obstacles sur la table (…) la Turquie n’a pas de
conditions additionnelles à remplir pour permettre à la Commission de
faire une recommandation », a déclaré le commissaire. Si les
recommandations de la Commission ne font plus de mystère, la décision
finale appartiendra aux chefs d’Etat et de gouvernement des
Vingt-Cinq, qui se prononceront à l’unanimité, le 17 décembre
prochain, à Bruxelles.

L’avenir de la Turquie en Europe a été scellé, hier matin, dans un
salon feutré de l’hôtel Conrad, l’un des plus luxueux de la capitale.
Adresse favorite de Jacques Chirac et de Gerhard Schröder, ce palace
bruxellois aura porté chance à Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Le premier
ministre turc y avait donné rendez-vous à Günter Verheugen, le
commissaire allemand à l’Elargissement. Entretien décisif pour la
Turquie, après une semaine de vive tension entre Bruxelles et Ankara,
qui s’était soldée par un ultimatum très sec de la Commission
européenne : « Si vous ne réformez pas le Code pénal, comme cela
était prévu, les négociations d’adhésion avec la Turquie ne pourront
commencer. » Le dirigeant turc était au pied du mur.

Mais face au commissaire, le premier ministre ne se laisse pas
intimider. « Je tiens d’abord à vous dire que nous n’avons pas du
tout apprécié vos injonctions par médias interposés », lance-t-il à
Verheugen. « La prochaine fois que vous aurez quelque chose
d’important à nous dire, ayez l’obligeance de nous le faire savoir
directement, cela évitera les problèmes. » Recep Tayyip Erdogan
insiste sur les quelque 343 articles du Code pénal déjà votés. Reste
une loi d’application à faire passer. « Nous avons déjà beaucoup
fait. L’adultère n’était qu’un projet d’amendement. Dommage qu’en
Europe, vous vous focalisiez uniquement là-dessus », lche-t-il. «
Mais vous savez bien que c’est un projet qui passe très mal dans
l’opinion publique européenne ! » rétorque le commissaire allemand. «
Et vos déclarations publiques à ce sujet n’ont pas aidé.

Erdogan : Bon, peut-être, mais nous, à Ankara, on a eu le sentiment
que, soudain, vous nous posiez des conditions supplémentaires (…)

Verheugen : Mais non ! Pourquoi ? C’est un malentendu ! Nous avons
juste rappelé, comme toujours d’ailleurs, que la réforme du Code
pénal était essentielle pour ouvrir les négociations.

C’est tout ?

C’est tout.

Alors si la loi d’application est votée, sans cet amendement sur
l’adultère, bien sûr, c’est bon pour vous ?

Mais oui ! »

Le premier ministre turc téléphone aussitôt au président de groupe de
son parti « Justice et développement », pour lui annoncer la
nouvelle. Puis il contacte le président du Parlement à Ankara. «
Quand pouvez-vous convoquer l’assemblée au plus vite ? Dimanche en
séance extraordinaire ? Parfait ! Et bien allez-y ! » ordonne-t-il.
Grce à l’appui de l’opposition, Erdogan assure à ses interlocuteurs
qu’il ne se fait aucun souci pour l’issu du vote. Les députés
voteront la réforme à une très large majorité. Verheugen semble
convaincu.

En sortant sur le perron de l’hôtel, le commissaire allemand triomphe
comme un jeune marié : « J’ai obtenu de mon ami, le premier ministre
Erdogan, des assurances qui me permettront de faire des
recommandations très claires ! »

Jamais Günter Verheugen n’avait été aussi explicite. Sous l’emprise
de l’excitation, le voilà qui dévoile, quinze jours à l’avance, le
feu vert de la Commission à l’ouverture des négociations. « Ma
conclusion est que désormais, il n’y a plus d’obstacles sur la table
», lche-t-il. « Nous avons été capables de trouver des solutions aux
problèmes qui restaient en suspens. De mon point de vue, la Turquie
n’a pas de conditions additionnelles à remplir pour permettre à la
Commission de faire une recommandation. » Et le commissaire de
féliciter publiquement son « ami » Erdogan pour son « fort esprit de
commande » dans l’accomplissement des réformes.

Déprimée depuis vendredi dernier, la Bourse d’Ankara a salué ces
commentaires par un bond historique. Critiqué à Bruxelles comme dans
les milieux d’affaires turcs, pour sa grave erreur politique, Erdogan
aura réussi à redresser la situation en sa faveur en moins d’une
heure. Ravi de ses effets, le premier ministre turc peut se rendre la
tête haute chez Romano Prodi et s’entretenir d’égal à égal avec lui
sur la situation au Sud Caucase, d’où revient le président de la
Commission. Recep Tayyip Erdogan s’inquiète pour la Géorgie. Au
passage, Romano Prodi tente de l’intéresser au problème arménien.
Sans succès. Le problème sera abordé plus tard. « Chaque chose en son
temps », tempère un conseiller du président.

L’heure tourne, le premier ministre est attendu au Parlement
européen. Une institution dominée par la droite allemande, hostile
depuis toujours à l’adhésion de la Turquie. A l’issue d’une rencontre
avec le président du Parlement européen et les chefs de groupes
politiques, Recep Tayyip Erdogan répète que le projet de loi visant à
criminaliser l’adultère a été retiré par le gouvernement et qu’il ne
passera pas. « Ce dossier n’a jamais figuré dans le projet de Code
pénal. Or aucun élément qui ne figure pas déjà dans le Code pénal ne
pourra être introduit », explique-t-il. Qu’adviendra-t-il si
l’amendement sur l’adultère revient sur la table dans les prochains
mois ? « Je ne peux pas dire ce que d’autres après moi feront »,
rétorque le dirigeant turc, épuisé par sa journée marathon.

Si cette étape au Parlement européen n’est pas décisive pour
l’ouverture des négociations entre Bruxelles et Ankara, elle a permis
au premier ministre de toucher du doigt le fossé qui existe entre les
dirigeants européens, majoritairement favorables à l’adhésion de la
Turquie, et les parlementaires, reflets des opinions publiques.
D’après un sondage réalisé avant les européennes à Bruxelles, dans
tous les pays de l’Union, les Européens sont en très grande majorité
opposés à l’entrée de la Turquie, un pays trop peuplé et trop
musulman à leurs yeux.

Le psychodrame autour du projet de loi sur l’adultère n’a sans doute
fait qu’accroître les suspicions. Il a démontré avec fracas l’emprise
des religieux conservateurs sur le régime actuel. « Sans l’ultimatum
très ferme de la Commission, Erdogan n’aurait jamais pu se sortir de
cette crise interne sur sa réforme du Code pénal », explique-t-on à
Bruxelles. « Il le sait très bien : quelque part, nous lui avons
rendu un sacré service ! »

En France, la droite est contre, le PS a quelques reserves

Le Figaro, France
24 septembre 2004

En France, la droite est contre, le PS a quelques réserves;
UNION EUROPÉENNE

– ILS SONT CONTRE L’OUVERTURE DE NÉGOCIATIONS :

L’UMP, en contradiction avec le président de la République, s’est
prononcée contre l’adhésion de la Turquie à l’UE. Le 7 avril,
l’ancien président du parti, Alain Juppé a souhaité, au nom de sa
formation, « qu’on n’engage pas de discussion avec la Turquie à la
fin de l’année ».

L’UDF est opposée à l’adhésion de la Turquie. La semaine dernière,
son président François Bayrou a demandé « que cette décision capitale
pour notre avenir soit précédée d’un débat et d’un vote au Parlement
».

Les souverainistes utiliseront leur hostilité à la candidature turque
pour leur campagne contre la Constitution européenne. Philippe de
Villiers, président du MPF, a dénoncé « la théophobie qui éconduit
Dieu pour faire entrer Allah ».

A l’extrême droite, le président du FN, Jean-Marie Le Pen, estime que
la Turquie « n’est pas un pays européen » pour des raisons «
historiques, géographiques, politiques, morales et religieuses ».
Pour lui, la Turquie est « un pays d’Asie (…) en voie de
réislamisation » .

– ILS Y SONT PLUTÔT FAVORABLES :

Le Parti socialiste s’est déclaré « favorable » à l’ouverture des
négociations avec la Turquie, à condition que celle-ci respecte « les
critères dits de Copenhague, droits de l’homme, statut des personnes
dont les femmes, des minorités, des langues ». Le PS insiste
notamment sur la reconnaissance du génocide arménien. Plus réservé,
le numéro deux du parti, Laurent Fabius, a estimé au printemps qu’il
ne fallait « certainement pas se presser » de faire entrer la Turquie
dans l’UE. Le 9 septembre, il a expliqué que la Turquie avait
vocation à appartenir à « l’Europe associée, qui accueillera les pays
du pourtour oriental et méditerranéen ».

Pour les Verts, l’entrée de la Turquie dans l’UE « est des plus
souhaitables » pour « réduire la fracture entre un monde occidental à
majorité chrétienne et un monde oriental à majorité musulmane ».

A l’extrême gauche, la porte-parole de LO Arlette Laguiller est
favorable à l’adhésion turque : « Les travailleurs turcs sont là
depuis longtemps en Europe. »

From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Film: Mon fils sera armenien

Retrouvailles arméniennes
Luc Perreault
La Presse
144%2C5537%2C092004%2C795478.php

Ils étaient cinq- deux gars, trois filles- à accompagner le
réalisateur Hagop Goudsouzian dans sa quête d’une Arménie
perdue. Interdits d’accès par la Syrie au désert de Deir-El-Zor où les
ossements des victimes du génocide arménien effleurent encore le sol,
c’est donc en Arménie même, à Erevan la capitale et dans quelques
villages, que le groupe a effectué ce retour aux sources. Le but:
retrouver les derniers survivants du génocide et recueillir- pour la
suite du monde, comme disait l’autre- leur témoignage.

Ces cinq participants ont tous des racines arméniennes. Pour
l’animateur Patrick Masbourian, l’héritage arménien se réduit
cependant à peu de chose, n’ayant jamais appris la langue de ses
ancêtres. Par contre, pour Lousnak Abdalian, connue pour ses chansons
qui pleurent le pays perdu, ce pèlerinage semblait le couronnement de
toute une démarche artistique. Entre ces deux extrêmes, on retrouve
une anthropologue (Gabriella Djerrahian), un professeur d’architecture
(Garo Shamlian) et une jeune étudiante (Martine Batani). Munis d’une
caméra numérique, ils prêtent main forte à l’occasion au directeur
photo, Alberto Feio. Pour Masbourian, un ancien de la Course autour du
monde, il s’agissait en somme d’une autre forme de retour aux sources.

Pour qui n’est pas familier avec le drame arménien- et le Québec à cet
égard ne prêche pas par l’exemple- ce film dégage une saveur
initiatique. On y apprend quelques faits simples. D’abord que le
premier génocide du 20e siècle a fait un million et demi de victimes
entre 1915 et 1920. Que ce pays a alors perdu la plus grande partie de
son territoire aux mains de la Turquie. Que ce pays émerge à peine
d’un régime communiste qui l’a coupé du reste du monde. Que ses
relations avec son puissant voisin turc sont à toutes fins pratiques
inexistantes. Que le mythique mont Ararat se trouve, hélas! en
territoire turc. Que le Canada, contrairement à la France, n’a pas
encore reconnu pleinement le génocide arménien. Mais qu’heureusement,
une épinette plantée par l’ex-maire Bourque orne le monument du
génocide à Erevan.

Là où le film atteint véritablement l’émotion, c’est quand il nous
présente ces vieilles centenaires encore vaillantes qui évoquent
devant leur jeune auditoire leurs malheurs vécus. Ces fragiles
souvenirs paraissent tout à coup aussi précieux que des reliques car
ce sont les dernières traces vivantes d’une tragédie dont plusieurs
s’obstinent encore à nier l’existence.

Parallèlement à ces retrouvailles, le réalisateur insère à l’occasion
ses propres images, celles notamment d’un autre voyage effectué dans
le désert aujourd’hui interdit d’accès. On a également droit à
quelques rares inserts de bandes d’actualité d’époque qui décrivent
les massacres. Et même à un petit bout d’une fiction hollywoodienne,
Ravished Armenia, tournée en 1919 et dépeignant le génocide.

Outre le désir de faire connaître au plus grand nombre un drame auquel
bien peu s’intéressent, Mon fils sera arménien nourrit un objectif
évident: permettre à la troisième génération des descendants arméniens
vivant au Québec de retrouver ses racines. Mission accomplie si on en
juge par Masbourian répandant les cendres de son grand-père en sol
natal ou par les larmes de Lousnak retrouvant dans le récit d’une
survivante le discours de sa propre grand-mère.

Mon fils sera arménien
Documentaire de Hagop Goudsouzian. 1 h 20.

Un groupe de jeunes Québécois d’origine
arménienne visite l’Arménie à la recherche de
survivants du génocide.

Un retour aux sources souvent émouvant mais avant tout instructif.

http://www.cyberpresse.ca/arts/article/1%2C

Film: Mon fils sera Armenien (different)

m

Mon fils sera Arménien

This powerful NFB documentary depicts filmmaker Hagop Goudsouzian’s
journey back to Armenia, where 1.5 million of his ancestors who were
massacred by the Turkish between 1915 and 1923. This isn’t as well
known as it should because many countries still don’t recognize this
genocide. Goudsouzian takes a group of Montrealers of Armenian descent
to the land of their forebears in search of genocide survivors, whose
numbers diminishes each year. They are all over 90-years-old today,
but they still feel the pain of fleeing Turkish assassins as kids, and
so does the viewer while watching this. (KL)

http://www.montrealmirror.com/listings/fi_03511.ht

Forbes 400 Richest in America in 2004 (excerpt)

Kirk Kerkorian Ranked 30th, Richard Manoogian Ranked
327th on New Forbes 400 Wealthiest Americans List

Forbes Magazine (Forbes.com)
September 23, 2004

Forbes 400 Richest in America in 2004

#30, Kerkorian, Kirk

Net Worth: $5.8 billion

Source: Investments, investments, casinos

Self made

Age: 87

Marital Status: divorced, 2 children, 3 divorces

Hometown: Los Angeles, California

Undergraduate: High School, Diploma

Low-key investor hit jackpot with $7.9 billion
takeover of Mandalay Bay Resorts in June. MGM Mirage
stake now worth $3.4 billion. Former World War II
pilot got start selling Trans International Airlines
for $104 million profit in the 1960s. Invested
proceeds in Vegas: acquired Flamingo hotel 1967, built
International hotel 1969. Sold both properties to
Hilton Hotels in 1970. Built first MGM Grand (now
Bally’s), opened second incarnation 1993. Bought Steve
Wynn’s Mirage Resorts for $6.4 billion in 2000.
Longtime love affair with MGM movie studio appears to
be coming to an end: takeover negotiations with Sony
heating up. Originally purchased studio 1970; sold to
Ted Turner 1986, bought back months later. Sold again
1990. Picked up a third time 1996. Personally netted
$1 billion when studio paid massive $8 dividend to
investors in May. Continues to push lawsuit against
DaimlerChrysler over 1998 merger; testified in
Delaware court in December. DCX shareholders now
accusing Kerkorian of insider trading.

;passYear04&passListType=Person&uniqueId=NINP&datatype=Person

****************************************************
#327, Manoogian, Richard Alexander

Net Worth: $950 million

Source: Manufacturing, Masco

Inherited and growing

Age: 68

Marital Status: married, 3 children

Hometown: Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan

Undergraduate: Yale University, Bachelor of Arts / Science

Son of Armenian immigrant Alex, who began Detroit auto
parts business Masco in 1929; later developed
single-handle Delta faucet. Richard joined in 1958,
became president a decade later, diversified by
acquiring several low-tech, high-margin businesses in
building and home-improvement products. Avid collector
of 19th- and early-20th-century American art, which he
loans to the White House and the National Gallery.
“Art is my one main diversion from work.”

;passYear04&passListType=Person&uniqueId=EZVQ&datatype=Person

http://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/54/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=54&amp
http://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/54/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=54&amp

Times Literary Supplement: The definition

The definition

History

The Times Literary Supplement (London)
September 17, 2004
Page 13

Book Review

Peter Balakian
“The Burning Tigris”
The Armenian genocide
474pp. Heinemann. 0 434 00816 8
US: HarperCollins. 0 060 19840 0

By Andrew Mango

It is easy to understand the anger and anguish of Armenian
nationalists. They gaze at their terra irredenta, historic Armenia
which lies almost entirely within the borders of the republic of
Turkey, and which is dotted with the ruins of monuments bearing
witness to the high culture of Armenian kingdoms before the Turkish
conquest from the eleventh century onward. But there are no irredenti
– no unredeemed Armenians – in historic Armenia or elsewhere in Asia
Minor. Nor are there any prospects of a reconquista. The population
of the small landlocked Armenian republic in the southern Caucasus has
fallen from over three million at the time of the dissolution of the
Soviet Union to an estimated two million today. One-fifth of the
territory of the neighbouring republic of Azerbaijan, which the
Armenians have occupied, lies largely empty after the flight of close
on one million of its Azeri inhabitants. There are not enough
Armenians to hold on to recent conquests, let alone to people their
terra irredenta in Turkey. Why have things come to such a sorry pass?

In his campaigning book, Peter Balakian seeks to persuade liberal
Americans in general, and members of the United States Congress in
particular, that the Turks alone are to blame, and that, for reasons
of realpolitik, the Christian West has failed to bring their crimes
home to them. In Balakian’s account, Muslim Turks have always
oppressed Christian Armenians. Oppression turned to unprovoked
massacre in the 1890s in the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, and
peaked in genocide when the Young Turks deported the Armenians from
Asia Minor in 1915 during the First World War. It was, he argues, the
first genocide of the twentieth century and a model for the Jewish
Holocaust. The historical record does not support Balakian’s thesis.

For eight centuries – from 1071 when the Seljuk Turks defeated the
Byzantines at Manzikert, in historic Armenia, to the congress of
Berlin in 1878 when the Armenian Question entered the agenda of
international diplomacy – the Armenians lived as a self-governing
religious community perfectly integrated into the mosaic of Ottoman
society. They provided the Ottoman State with most of its craftsmen –
from humble farriers to imperial architects, from potters to
jewellers, and in modern times, mechanics, train drivers and
dentists. Not only did many, if not most, of them adopt Turkish as
their mother tongue, but in a rare linguistic phenomenon, the grammar
of the Armenian language was affected by Turkish morphology. The
Armenian contribution to Turkish culture was immense: they set up the
first modern Turkish theatre, they published books in Turkish, they
devised Turkish translations for new Western terms and concepts, they
were prominent in Turkish music, both as composers and performers.

Like other non-Muslim communities, the Armenians were among the main
beneficiaries of the nineteenth-century Tanzimat reforms which
proclaimed the equality of the Sultan’s subjects, regardless of
creed. The prosperity which the Tanzimat brought in its train drew the
Armenians from their harsh homeland on the eastern Anatolian plateau
to the great commercial centres of the Empire – to Trabzon, Istanbul,
Izmir and the market towns of Asia Minor, where, together with the
Greeks, they accounted for the bulk of a new middle class. The
Armenians had always been renowned as merchants and bankers; under the
Tanzimat many became senior civil servants. Right up to 1914 there
were Armenian ambassadors and Cabinet ministers serving the Ottoman
State. Balakian does not mention them. Of course, the Armenians had
grievances, particularly in the mountainous areas of eastern Anatolia,
where they were subject to the depredations of Kurdish tribes and of
destitute Circassian refugees, not to mention venal Ottoman
officials. But most Muslims were much worse off.

As a result of Armenian emigration and the immigration of Muslim
refugees fleeing from successive Russian advances in the Caucasus,
Muslims came to outnumber the Armenians by a large margin in historic
Armenia. There were prosperous Armenian communities everywhere, but
they were not in the majority in a single province. This posed the
biggest problem for Armenian nationalists, when they began to agitate
for autonomous government. In his celebrated essay, “Minorities,” Elie
Kedourie described how ideas originating in the West destroyed the
Armenian community in Asia Minor and the Jewish community in Iraq. In
the case of the Armenians, these ideas came through two channels –
from the Russian Empire where Armenian nationalism was born in the
revolutionary ferment opposition to the rule of the Tsars, and from
American missionaries whose schools produced the unintended effect of
alienating the Armenians from their Ottoman environment. Kedourie
relates how Armenian nationalist terrorism was the pretext for the
anti-Armenian pogroms of the 1890s – the first major inter-communal
clash between Muslims and Armenians, who had earlier been known to the
Ottomans as “the faithful nation.” Even if one disregards the
exaggerated figures put out by Armenian nationalists, and reduces the
number of people killed to the more likely figure of 20,000″30,000,
the pogroms were bad enough. But worse was to follow.

It was the decision of the Young Turks to enter the Great War on the
side of Germany against Russia and the other Allies that sealed the
fate of the Armenians. By 1914 there were roughly as many Armenians in
the Russian as in the Ottoman Empire. Torn between two warring sides,
the Armenians were bound to prefer the Christian Russians. One can
argue about the extent of the threat posed by Armenian irregulars to
the Ottoman army, which was trying to contain a Russian advance in
eastern Anatolia in 1915. In the words of the American military
historian Edward Erickson, “It is beyond doubt that the actuality of
Armenian revolts in the key cities astride the major eastern roads and
railroads posed a significant military problem in the real sense.”

But it is hard to argue that the problem justified the decision of
Enver Pasha and the other Young Turk leaders to deport almost the
entire Armenian population of Asia Minor (outside Izmir and, of
course, Istanbul). The Young Turks issued a sheaf of orders and
regulations which, in theory, were meant to ensure the humane
evacuation and transport of deportees. But as Erickson points out,
“Enver Pasha’s plans hinged on non-existent capabilities that
guaranteed inevitable failure.” An earlier military historian, Gwynne
Dyer, wrote: “I believe that historians will come to see [the Young
Turk leaders] not so much as evil men but as desperate, frightened
unsophisticated men struggling to keep their nation afloat in a crisis
far graver than they had anticipated, reacting to events rather than
creating them, and not fully realizing the extent of the horrors they
had set in motion.”

The horrors involved, according to the careful calculations by the
American historical demographer Justin McCarthy (whom Balakian does
not mention), the loss of some 580,000 Armenian lives from all causes
– massacre, starvation and disease. The fact that Muslim losses were
much greater in the same theatre of operations does nothing to detract
from the extent of the Armenian tragedy. Was it a genocide” Bernard
Lewis was sued in a French court for saying sensibly that it all
depends on the definition of genocide. But, whatever the definition,
Balakian’s insistent comparison with the Jewish Holocaust is
misleading. The Turkish Armenians perished in the course of “a
desperate struggle between two nations for the possession of a single
homeland,” in Professor Lewis’s words. For the Turks, Lewis wrote,
“the Armenian movement was the deadliest of all threats;” to yield to
it “would have meant not the truncation, but the dissolution of the
Turkish state.” The Jews posed no such threat to the
Germans. Religious fanaticism was a factor in the Armenian tragedy,
racism was not. There is a much closer parallel with the eviction of
Circassians and other Muslim mountaineers from Russian Caucasus in the
nineteenth century. The figures are of the same order as those
relating to the Armenians: some 1.2 million Muslim Caucasians left
their Russian-conquered homeland; 800,000 of them lived to settle in
Ottoman domains.

“The Burning Tigris” fits in with the campaign waged by Armenian
nationalists to persuade Western parliaments to recognize the Armenian
genocide. It is not a work of historical research, but an advocate’s
impassioned plea, relying at times on discredited evidence, such as
the forged telegrams attributed to the Ottoman interior minister,
Talat Pasha, which were produced at the trial of his assassin in
Berlin. Some of Balakian’s assertions would make any serious Ottoman
historian’s hair stand on end. Like other similar books, it is replete
with selective quotations from contemporary observers. Turkish
historians have drawn from many of the same sources for material to
rebut Armenian accusations. It would be better if, rather than ask
parliaments to pass historical judgments, historians from all sides
came together to research the horrors of the war on the Ottomans’
eastern front. But it is better to lobby parliaments than to
assassinate Turkish diplomats, as happened in a previous campaign by
genocide-avengers, which Peter Balakian, to his credit, regrets. At
present, Armenian nationalists refuse to engage in a dialogue with
Turkish historians unless there is preliminary recognition of their
genocide claim. Refusal is in their eyes tantamount to the crime of
Holocaust denial. But acceptance would be a denial of the freedom of
historical research, not to say of free speech.

Andrew Mango is Research Associate at the School of Oriental and
African Studies, University of London. His books include “Ataturk”
(1999), and “Turkey: A delicately poised ally” (1975).

Letters to the TLS editor can be sent to the following
address:
The Times Literary Supplement
Admiral House
66-68 East Smithfield
London E1W 1BX
United Kingdom

Or via
Telephone: +44 020-7782 3000
Fax: +44 020-7782 3100
Email: [email protected]
URL:

From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

http://www.the-tls.co.uk/contact/

BAKU: Aliyev in New York; Meets Soros

VISIT OF AZERBAIJAN PRESIDENT ILHAM ALIYEV TO NEW YORK
PRESIDENT ILHAM ALIYEV RECEIVED HEAD OF SOROS FOUNDATION

AzerTag
September 24, 2004

President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, being on a visit
in New York, United States, to attend the 59th session of General
Assembly of the United Nations, on 22 September has received at his
residence in the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City, president of
the Soros Foundation Mr. George Soros, AzerTAj correspondent reported
from New York.

In the course of conversation, were exchanged views on the Fund’s
projects realized in Azerbaijan and also stressed their importance in
the transition period.

President Ilham Aliyev informed his interlocutor on the democratic and
economic reforms being conducted in the Republic, at the same time,
dwelt on the negative impact of the Armenia-Azerbaijan, Nagorny
Karabakh conflict on the Country’s development.

Creation of the Oil Fund from the oil revenues received in development
of the Caspian natural resources to raise welfare of Azerbaijan
population and transparent management of the Fund is very positive
event, Mr. Soros emphasized. He expressed confidence that the
political, socio-economic reforms will not weaken in the country.

Book Review: New Armenia Travel Guide

BOOK REVIEW: New Armenia Travel Guide

By Neil C Scott
Yerevan Times
9-24-04

Armenia has become increasingly visited over the last decade so that
this Guide, which is beautifully illustrated by the authors’ own
photographs, is particularly welcome.

It is authoritative and highly informative, and written by authors who
have explored the country thoroughly with intelligent and observant
eyes. Their coverage of environmental issues adds significantly to the
value of the book.

The Guide starts with three introductory chapters covering the history
of Armenia, the basics of getting to the country and travelling around
it, and its ecology and environment.

Useful historical summaries by Robert Suny set the political scene,
while two other excellent contributions by Jason Kauffeld and Daniel
Klem on the forests and birds of Armenia respectively, emphasise the
fragile state of the country’s ecology and the measures that are being
taken to try to protect it. As in other parts of the book, useful
links are provided to stakeholders and other interested organisations.

A further seven chapters describe Yerevan, the regions, and Nagorno
Karabagh. The chapter on Yerevan provides an excellent summary of
where to stay and what to see, including those intriguing parts that
nobody else knows about – such as the city’s oldest religious centre,
the Katoghikeh Chapel, tucked away behind the Linguistics Institute in
Abovian Street. This chapel is so small that many worshipers have to
stand outside it during services!

The authors also draw attention to the development challenges that
Yerevan is facing and commendably highlight the absence of planning
controls that have allowed unwelcome incursion into the city’s
fast-diminishing greenbelt, as in the area adjacent to the monumental
Opera House.

The bulk of the Guide is devoted to the country’s regions, with
emphasis on sites of historical interest. As might be expected, these
focus on monasteries and other religious artefacts but the authors set
these in the context of contemporary social and political life,
thereby making their coverage relevant to Armenia today. For instance,
the problem of emigration and the legacy of the 1988 earthquake are
discussed, and attention drawn to the strange, isolated Russian
Molokan communities in the Dilijan area, where Armenian is not spoken
or understood.

More attention could have been paid to the changing industrial scene
and of the country’s Soviet and contemporary architecture. This could
be included in the enlarged Guide that the authors are planning for
the future, which will provide a more complete coverage of historical
Armenian sites in Eastern Anatolia. These are discussed in Appendix in
this Guide.

The chapter on Karabagh is particularly welcome since this Armenian
enclave in Azerbaijan has only recently been accessible to tourists
from Armenia. Throughout the book, detailed information is provided
on how to get to places of interest and where to stay, based on
Matthew Karanian and Robert Kurkjian’s own meticulous on-the-ground
research in their trusty Niva jeep.

Useful maps and plans of the principal cities as well as many
exquisite photographs support the lucid text, while the book’s layout
is clear and easy to follow. The Guide is priced at less than $25,
making it exceptionally good value. It will undoubtedly become the
standard reference volume for travellers to Armenia for many years to
come.

At a Glance:
Stone Garden Guide to Armenia and Karabagh
Matthew Karanian and Robert Kurkjian (304 pages)
Publisher: Stone Garden Productions
ISBN 0-9672120-8-1 $24.95

[Printed on p. 8 of The Yerevan Times; Photographs: Book Jacket,
Karabagh Shepherd]

www.StoneGardenProductions.com

CENN Daily Digest – September 24, 2004

CENN — SEPTEMBER 24, 2004 DAILY DIGEST
Table of Contents:
1. Web-based Consultation Tool
2. `Increasing Public Awareness and Participation in the Monitoring of
Safety Standards at the Armenian Nuclear Power Plant’
3. The 3rd World Youth Congress
4. Lula Calls For Review Of World Bank, IMF Practices
5. Project on Caspian Birds Protection Implementing
6. BTC Project Spends $4 Mln Daily
7. ATP Executive Director Addresses UN DPI NGO Conference
8. By Late September Armenia to Present its Proposals on Millennium
Challenges Program
9. Armenian Company Awarded Quality Star
10. Deputy Parliament Speaker Says Constitutional Amendments Based on
Human Rights Respect
11. The Other Trees Are Next in Line
12. The Court Backs the Yerevan Mayor

1. WEB-BASED CONSULTATION TOOL

Dear Colleague:

As part of our consultation process for IFC’s Update of the Safeguard
Polices and the Review of the Disclosure Policy, we have developed
web-based consultation tool to receive feedback on the new Policy and
Performance Standards and the Disclosure Concept Paper.

Instructions on how to register for the online consultation is available
on the following address: for IFC
online consultation.doc

Kenneth Chin
Environment & Social Development Department
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
tel: 202 473 9581

2. `INCREASING PUBLIC AWARENESS AND PARTICIPATION IN THE MONITORING OF
SAFETY STANDARDS AT THE ARMENIAN NUCLEAR POWER PLANT’
October 21-22, 2004

Caucasus Environmental NGO Network Regional Office in Armenia will hold
the seminar `Increasing Public Awareness and Participation in the
Monitoring of Safety Standards at the Armenian Nuclear Power Plant’ on
October 21-22, 2004. The representatives of environmental NGOs in
Armenia can participate in the seminar. The priority will be given to
organizations from regional marzes. The seminar’s language is Russian.
Participants need an advanced registration; the number of participants
is limited. For further information, please contact.

Tel.: (3741) 51 26 94, 51-26-93, Fax: (3741) 51 26 95 E-mail:
[email protected]

3. THE 3RD WORLD YOUTH CONGRESS

Dear All,

The application form for The 3rd World Youth Congress is now online. We
are receiving a lot of applications as we speak so get yours in soon.

If you have difficulties applying online there will be a downloadable
version on the website soon.

Looking forward to seeing you all there in 2005.

Ray Bugg
Media and Communications Manager
World Youth Congress 2005
Tel: 0131 244 7425
Mobile 07957 261178
[email protected]

4. LULA CALLS FOR REVIEW OF WORLD BANK, IMF PRACTICES

Source: World Bank Press Review September 22, 204)

Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva on Tuesday asked the
United Nations to review the way multilateral funding organizations
work, saying that sometimes, instead of solving a crisis, they become a
“part of the problem,” reports EFE News Service.

As has been customary since the first General Assembly meeting 59 years
ago, the Brazilian president was the first to step to the podium. His
address focused on the need to help to world’s most impoverished
peoples. Lula said the moment has come for implementing “changes” in the
way in which multilateral bodies, such as the World Bank and the
International Monetary Fund, extend their loans if “just and sustainable
development” is to be achieved. The lenders “were created to provide
solutions, but on occasion, by virtue of their excessive strictness,
they become part of the problem, making it necessary to review their
modus operandi so as to restore their original goals,” Lula said.

Reuters explains that Brazil, the IMF’s biggest borrower and Latin
America’s largest economy, has been pushing for a change in IMF loan
programs that would allow infrastructure investments to be excluded from
calculations of fiscal targets. The IMF is studying the idea. “The issue
is to adjust their focus to development, thus restoring their original
objective.” Lula said. “The International Monetary Fund should be able
to provide the guarantee and the liquidity which are necessary for
productive investments – especially in infrastructure, housing and
sanitation – and which can also restore the poor countries’ capacity to
pay.”

Xinhua further notes the first day of the General Assembly meeting ended
with leaders from African countries pressing for greater efforts to
attain the development goals set at the Millennium Summit four years
ago. Tanzanian President Benjamin William Mkapa praised Denmark,
Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway and Sweden for consistently meeting
the long-established UN target of allocating at least 0.7 percent of
gross national product of rich countries as official development
assistance (ODA) to developing countries. “We urge the other rich
countries to produce timetables to meet this long overdue target, to
have coherent development policies, and to earnestly and deliberately
build and nurture a national consciousness and consensus on the global
war on poverty,” said Mkapa.

Agence France Presse meanwhile reports the European Commission threw its
weight Tuesday behind calls for an international tax to fight poverty
and hunger but remained skeptical that the plans would go any further.
The idea won renewed backing Monday from French President Jacques Chirac
and Lula, who outlined “radically new” proposals to combat the negative
effects of globalization at a conference in New York. “As a matter of
ideology, the Commission supports anything that can move globally in the
direction of establishing funding sources for public good,” said EU
development commissioner Paul Nielson. Such initiatives could make
“international society function as society,” he added. But he lamented:
“So far, none of those ideas has gathered enough support to move
beyond the stage of being ideas.”

The Associated Press finally adds that protesters gathered outside the
US Treasury Department Tuesday to call for a 100 percent elimination of
debt for impoverished countries that owe money to the World Bank and
International Monetary Fund. About 35 people met during their lunch hour
to listen to speakers, rally and discuss their hope that debt
cancellation for over 30 countries might be agreed upon at an Oct. 1
meeting of finance ministers and central bank governors of the world’s
major industrialized nations and at World Bank and IMF meetings Oct.
2-3. The United States is pushing a plan for some debt elimination.
Marie Clarke, National Coordinator of Jubilee USA Network, said that
proposal is “a good start,” but she urged supporters to continue their
focus on the issue in case the debt cancellation was not agreed upon, or
if cutting aid to the countries saved the funds.

5. PROJECT ON CASPIAN BIRDS PROTECTION IMPLEMENTING

Source: State Telegraph Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan, AzerTag,
September 22, 2004

Public association for ecology and birds protection of Azerbaijan
prepared a project `Protection of species of water and wader birds on
Azerbaijan waterside of the Caspian Sea’.

According to the project, species of water and wader birds, their
dwelling, place of their main accumulation will be determined,
anthropogenic influence on birds studied, territories to be polluted in
the course of offshore accidents researched, plans of arrangement linked
with birds protection prepared as well, Chairman of the association
Ilyas Babayev told AzerTAj correspondent.

Bp and its partners for Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline allocated funds
in 18 thousand US dollars for project implementation within a year.

6. BTC PROJECT SPENDS $4 MLN DAILY

Source: State Telegraph Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan, AzerTag,
September 23, 2004

BP-Azerbaijan has spent $686 million out of the total $1 billion
scheduled in 2004 for the construction of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil
pipeline to be launched in the first half of the next year. The work in
three countries the pipeline will pass through cost $4 million per day.

7. ATP EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ADDRESSES UN DPI NGO CONFERENCE

ARMENIA TREE PROJECT
65 Main Street
Watertown, MA 02472
617-926-8733
[email protected]

ATP Executive Director Addresses UN DPI NGO Conference

WATERTOWN, MA–Armenia Tree Project (ATP) Executive Director Jeff
Masarjian participated this week in a panel held as part of the 57th
annual United Nations Department of Public Information/Non-Governmental
Organization Conference at the UN headquarters in New York. The
conference, titled “Millennium Development Goals: Civil Society Takes
Action,” is taking place from September 8-10.

The focus of the conference is the role of NGOs as well as civil society
and governments for implementing the eight Millennium Development Goals
adopted by the UN in 2000. ATP was invited to participate in the
conference by the Armenian General Benevolent Union in association with
Rotary International, NGO Committee on Human Rights, Peace Action, and
the World Federation for Mental Health.

At the September 8 panel discussion with representatives of two other
NGOs, titled “Overcoming Obstacles to Economic Growth and Community
Development: The Role of Civil Society,” Mr. Masarjian outlined the ways
that ATP reforestation efforts are addressing many of the UN Millennium
Development Goals. The following is an abridged text of Mr. Masarjian’s
speech:

ATP Programs Contribute to Fulfillment of UN Millennium Goals in Armenia
By Jeff Masarjian, Armenia Tree Project Executive Director

Armenia Tree Project was founded in 1994 in response to the massive
felling of trees for fuel during the harsh winters of the early 1990s.
The mission of Armenia Tree Project is to improve the human, economic,
and environmental conditions of Armenia through the planting of trees,
aiding those with the fewest resources first.

Forests and trees are important and necessary components for maintaining
the environmental and economic infrastructure of a nation. They clean
the atmosphere, absorbing carbon dioxide and pollutants, while
simultaneously releasing oxygen. They attract and retain moisture, both
in the air and the soil, helping to regulate and stabilize the climate.
They prevent erosion and landslides, while retaining precious topsoil,
which is otherwise washed away with the rain, becoming silt in rivers,
streams and lakes, choking plant and animal life.

Forests also provide habitats for a diverse array of flora and fauna.
Armenia is home to over 3,600 species of flowering plants, many of which
are endangered and exist only in the ecosystems provided by the
dwindling forests.

>From 1994 – 2002, Armenia Tree Project focused its activities on
creating jobs through re-greening public spaces, many of which were
littered with the stumps of sacrificed trees. ATP works closely with the
residents of local institutions, such as schools, senior centers,
hospitals, and orphanages, as well as neighborhoods.

Once accepted as an ATP site, residents receive the training and tools
they need to plant and tend the trees. The relationship is based upon a
contract between ATP and the recipient institution or group, which
agrees to replace the trees at its own expense if less than 70 percent
survive.

By appealing to residents’ self interest, and using informal incentives
to promote compliance with the agreement, ATP is fostering a growing
respect for the environment through traditional value systems and needs
of the community. Residents–who had previously been plagued with
despair, while expecting the government or others to do something for
them to improve their lot–are now in a position of taking action to
make a direct impact on their immediate environment.

To date, ATP has assisted community residents in planting over 375,000
trees at 477 sites in every region of Armenia through our Community Tree
Planting program. ATP works closely with community schools to develop
environmental lessons, which are not typically part of the standard
curriculum.

The restoration of urban green spaces is the goal of ATP’s Coppicing
Program, which employs several hundred Armenians each year in seasonal
work. Coppicing is a forestry technique by which tree stumps with intact
root systems are trimmed of shoots, leaving the strongest one to grow
into an exact replica of the original tree.

To date, ATP staff has supervised the restoration of 760 acres of land
at several sites, including the Armenian Genocide Memorial, Botanical
Gardens, Victory Park, and Paros Hill, all located in Yerevan. Over
155,000 trees have been restored through ATP’s coppicing program since
1999.

The trees ATP supplies to community sites are propagated from seeds and
cuttings in our two state-of-the-art nurseries, founded in 1996 and 1998
in the refugee villages of Karin and Khatchpar. The nurseries’ 29
employees are responsible for the production of 50,000 trees each year
for planting at community sites.

The 53 species of trees growing in our nurseries are all-indigenous to
Armenia, and were chosen for their hardiness in surviving Armenia’s
harsh climate. With the opening of the new Michael and Virginia Ohanian
Environmental Education Center at ATP’s nursery in Karin village,
students from the State Agricultural Academy and elsewhere will attend
multi-media seminars and receive hands-on field practice with our staff.

In 2001, in response to a growing body of evidence published in
documents by the UN, the World Bank, and other sources regarding the
immediate and critical state of Armenia’s deforestation and path towards
desertification, ATP initiated a series of strategic planning sessions
to devise new interventions that might have a greater impact for the
people and land of Armenia.

We realized that we needed to devise innovative new programs which would
not only plant considerably more trees, but also address the widespread
poverty and despair suffered by nearly half of all Armenians. Many
Armenians live in rural villages, and are forced to strip the
surrounding forests of trees for heating and cooking fuel, as well as
for sale to commercial interests.

In Fall 2002, ATP met with the leaders of Aygut, a small, slowly dying
Armenian refugee village, comprised of 290 families. Youth and young
adults would routinely leave seeking opportunities elsewhere, and elders
longed for their lost homes and villages in Azerbaijan.

The school principal spoke of a plot of land near the river which she
had hoped would someday be an orchard, supplying income to purchase
badly needed school supplies. ATP agreed to provide technical assistance
and 500 fruit and nut trees for the site, if residents could collaborate
together to clear the land, build irrigation channels and a road to the
site, and fence it in for protection from livestock. ATP also developed
an environmental curriculum for the school and trained teachers in
presenting it.

The members of the Aygut community succeeded in completing their part of
the contract within weeks of our initial meeting. By Spring 2003, 500
fruit and nut trees were planted by school children and adults, assisted
by the US Ambassador to Armenia, John Ordway, and other invitees, who
celebrated Earth Day at the new Aygut School orchard on April 22. I’m
very happy to report that I observed the first cherries blossoming on
the trees this summer.

Seventeen families also signed up to participate in a pilot project
whereby they would be trained to propagate several thousand tree seeds,
collected locally, in newly developed backyard nurseries. For each
surviving seedling that the participant will then plant in the forest,
ATP will provide a set payment.

Seven species of local tree seeds are currently being propagated, and
some have already reached a height of 12 inches and may be out planted
this fall. In this, the pilot phase of the project, 20,000 seedlings are
being grown; we hope to increase this 10 fold over the next two years by
expanding this micro-enterprise opportunity to more residents in Aygut
and other villages.

This project can potentially increase the annual income of participating
families several times over, without negatively impacting the amount of
land needed for subsistence farming. In addition, because the trees are
grown using a short-term rotation cycle of 12-18 months, the per-unit
cost is less than in our traditional nurseries, creating a win-win
situation for everyone.

There are 13 villages in the river valley where Aygut is located,
comprising 6,000 people. ATP plans to replicate programming in three new
villages in 2005, using the same methodology to promote economic,
ecological, social, and cultural development. We expect that the fruit
produced in this valley will not only contribute to residents’ food
security, but also attract the interest of businesses involved in fruit
juice production and export.

Early on in our involvement with the residents of Aygut, it became clear
that the humanitarian and development needs of this village were far
beyond ATP’s individual capacity. We took a very collaborative approach
to our work in the village, inviting other international aid
organizations and NGOs to visit the village and observe the progress
achieved over the past year.

Organizations such as UN World Food Program, UNDP, Heifer International,
Project Harmony, USDA, Peace Corps, Satsil, and Jinishian Family
Foundation, among others, have contributed expertise and support in
furthering the social and economic development of Aygut.

The Mayor recently reported that since ATP initiated programming there,
emigration from the village has halted, there has been a noticeable
improvement in the overall demeanor and perspective of villagers, and
there was even a record number of births, all indicators of a growing
sense of hope and optimism.

In addition to this innovative community development and reforestation
programming, ATP this year partnered with a local environmental NGO,
called Tsiatsan, in the city of Vanadzor, to build a six hectare
reforestation nursery that has the capacity to produce over one million
trees each year beginning in 2006. These trees will be used to reforest
the devastated hillsides around the city, which have become subject to
serious erosion and landslides over the past 13 years.

In conclusion, Armenia Tree Project is implementing its mission to
protect and restore Armenia’s forests through a unique combination of
programming that aims to plant a growing number of trees each year,
while providing opportunities for employment, sustainable economic
development, training and education.

Our goal is to empower residents to become stewards of their environment
while also enhancing their standard of living and hopes for their
children’s future. It is our hope that our decentralized approach to
developing an environmental ethic based on education, action, and
self-determination will eventually lead to a national and even regional
commitment to environmental protection and enforcement of sustainable
practice.

8. BY LATE SEPTEMBER ARMENIA TO PRESENT ITS PROPOSALS ON MILLENNIUM
CHALLENGES PROGRAM

Source: /ARKA/, September 22, 2004

By late September Armenia to present its proposals to the American side
on Millennium Challenges program.

According to the information of the Armenian Government Public and Press
Relations Department Armenian PM Andranik Manukyan during his meeting
with Ambassador Plenipotentiary and Extraordinary of the US to Armenia
His Excellency John Marshall Evans. Margaryan stated that the Trustee
Council of Armenian Program of Foundation Millennium Challenges made
wide discussions of the proposals with business circles and public
organizations of the country. In PM’s opinion, Armenia tends toward
strengthening of positive tendencies recorded in bilateral relations,
especially when new areas of cooperation emerge, the most important of
which is inclusion of Armenia into Millennium Challenges.

In his turn, the Ambassador added that after approval by the foundation
of the Armenian proposals, there would be new opportunities for further
cooperation.

As it is mentioned in the press release, touching upon the regional
issues, the sides mentioned interests of two nations in establishing
peace, stability and prosperity on the South Caucasus. In this relation
they mentioned the necessity of further enhancement of Armenian-US
economic and political relations attaching importance to activity of
Armenian-US Intergovernmental working group on economic issues (USATAF).

Armenia was included in 16 countries list, which will be assisted by the
US in implementation economic and democratic reforms in the frames of
Millennium Challenges. The list contains mainly African, Asian, Latin
American nations as well as USSR two former republics – Armenia and
Georgia. For the implementation of the program the US envisages USD 1b
and already requested from the US Congress to allocate additional USD
2.5b for the implementation of the program in the next year.

9. ARMENIAN COMPANY AWARDED QUALITY STAR

Source: ArmenPress, September 22, 2004

Lyudmila and Hamazasp Harutunians, a couple from the town of Hrazdan,
who established and run Vordi Armen company, have been invited by
Quality Stars international convention to participate in its annual
October 11 presentation in Paris.

Vordi Armen was one of 70 companies worldwide competing for the Quality
Star. Alfonso Kassale, the president of Quality Stars, said in the
invitation letter that awarding the Quality Star to the Armenian company
is a good opportunity for it to compete in the international market and
find new partners.

Vordi Armen produces dairy products and is able to process daily around
5 tons of milk, which it buys from farmers who have 2-3 cows. The
company was founded with the help of the US Department of Agriculture
Armenia office.

10. DEPUTY PARLIAMENT SPEAKER SAYS CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS BASED ON
HUMAN RIGHTS RESPECT

Source: ArmenPress, September 22, 2004

Deputy parliament chairman Tigran Torosian praised today the working
Constitution, passed in 1995, saying it has contributed significantly to
the democracy development and establishment of government institutions,
but added that it has some shortcoming constraining the country’s
progress, which he said result from Armenia’s scanty experience in
constitutional right and practice back in 1995.

He said the expected constitutional amendments, proposed by the ruling
majority, are based on constitutional guarantees ensuring the citizens’
right to exercise their freedoms. He also emphasized a clause in the
draft constitution that empowers the legislature with the right to elect
the human rights defender, vesting him or her with the power to address
to the Constitutional Court for protection of citizens’ rights.

Another important clause, according to Torosian are a chain of
amendments aimed to reform the judicial system, under which the Justice
Council, headed now by the president of the country, will be immune from
the executive power’s influence. Under the clause the Council will be
headed by one of its members. The deputy parliament chairman also said
the package of amendments seeks to create a balance among power
branches. Some other changes are expected also to introduce more clarity
in respect to local self-management bodies. Another draft amendment
would allow the parliament to endorse or reject a prime minister
nominated by the president, but the latter would be empowered to
dissolve it if his candidacies are rejected by lawmakers for three
consecutive times.

Torosian said two other packages of alternative constitutional reforms,
proposed by Arshak Sadoyan and the United Labor Party will be also
discussed in the parliament. He said the conclusion of the Council of
Europe Venice Commission on the amendments, designed by the majority,
would arrive in early October.

11. THE OTHER TREES ARE NEXT IN LINE

Source: Investigative Journalists of Armenia / HETQ Online, 22 September
2004

In Aigedzor, down the street from the former building of Yerevan State
University’s Department of Economics, right on the edge the gorge, there
are thick-trunked mulberry trees lying on the ground, chopped into
pieces. There are only trucks and cars at this construction site, not a
living soul. I asked a woman from a neighboring building, “Do you know
who this land belongs to?”

“Dear boy, it’s none of my business. I stay out of trouble [keep harm
and misfortune away]. You’ve got no business here, either. You’d better
get out of here. Don’t you see what is going on?”

Then I asked, “Didn’t you use to come here sometimes?”

“Of course we did. We would come and pick mulberries and have a rest;
the kids would play.”

Next to this construction site stand the huge private houses of our
state officials, parliament members, prosecutors, and businessmen. Does
it make any difference which one of them owns which property? These
mulberry trees are already lying on the ground; the others are next in
line.

12. THE COURT BACKS THE YEREVAN MAYOR

Source: Investigative Journalists of Armenia / HETQ Online, 22 September
2004

“We will not give you information…”

On September 16, 2004 the Court of Appeal on Civil Cases of the Republic
of Armenia heard the suit brought by the NGO Investigative Journalists
of Armenia (IJA) against the Office of the Mayor of Yerevan. Last
October, IJA chairman Edik Baghdasaryan had requested permission from
Mayor Yervand Zakharyan to see the decisions regarding land allocations
in the public park surrounding Yerevan ‘s Opera House taken from 1997 to
2003 by former mayors Vano Siradeghyan, Suren Abrahamyan, Albert
Bazeyan, and Robert Nazaryan.

Although judges’ chambers are technically off limits, it’s common in
Armenian courts for certain persons to have unimpeded access. The very
able lawyer from the Mayor’s Office, Karine Danielyan, did not miss the
opportunity to take advantage of this national tradition, and after
shooting a glare at the enemy, rushed into the judges’ chambers. After
receiving final assurances that the outcome was predetermined, she came
back, took her seat, produced a half-page note from a thick file of
documents, and handed it to the bench. In response to surprised looks,
she pronounced: “We will not give it to you.” The rest is up to the
court; it can justify its refusal however it wishes.

The three judges of the Court of Appeal on Civil Cases (Noyem Hovsepyan,
presiding) pretended to listen carefully to the arguments of the
plaintiff’s lawyer, Ara Zohrabyan. “In accordance with Article 24 of the
Constitution of Armenia, Article 10 of the Convention for the Protection
of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Articles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of
the Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in
Decision-Making, and Access to Justice on environmental Matters(the
Orhus Convention), and Articles 3, 4 and 6 of the Law on the Procedure
of Consideration of the Proposals, Appeals and Complains of the Citizens
of Armenia, applicants have the right to demand information and
respondents are obliged to provide information…”.

During the hearing of the suit brought by the IJA against the Yerevan
Mayor’s Office in the Court of First Instance of the Kentron and
Nork-Marash Communities of Yerevan, Judge Gayane Karakhanyan had
recommended that the journalists apply to the mayor’s office again and
request information on specific establishments. In his new appeal to
Mayor Yervand Zakharyan, Edik Baghdasaryan listed the names of fifteen
organizations that had been granted land in mayoral decisions and
requested that he be given copies of these decisions. In response, the
IJA received a letter signed by the head of the legal department of the
Mayor’s Office, A. Sargisyan, stating that since a lawsuit was in
progress the mayor’s office would address the issue “after the court
hearing is over”. Mayor’s Office lawyer Karine Danielyan produced a
different response to our inquiry on September 16 th. “The file of
documents related to businesses that do construction work must include
the State Register licenses given to these organizations. But the names
of the founders of the organizations are not mentioned in the licenses;
therefore the Mayor’s Office cannot provide information about land
allocations to these persons.”

Ara Zohrabyan drew the court’s attention to the fact that this response
has nothing to do with the request – the association had not requested
the “names of the founders”. The judges were well aware of this, of
course, but when adinistrative interests clash with public interests and
morals, administrators always win. This judgement was no exception. What
difference will one more unlawful verdict make? Especially when the
interests of the regime are at stake.


*******************************************
CENN INFO
Caucasus Environmental NGO Network (CENN)

Tel: ++995 32 92 39 46
Fax: ++995 32 92 39 47
E-mail: [email protected]
URL:

http://www.cenn.org/info/Instructions
www.ifc.org/policyreview
www.scotland2005.org
www.armeniatree.org
www.cenn.org

Ryan Joins Congressional Armenian Caucus

Armenian National Committee of Wisconsin
4100 N. Newman Road
Racine, WI 53406
[email protected]

PRESS RELEASE
September 24, 2004

Contact: A. Zohrab Khaligian
[email protected]

REPRESENTATIVE PAUL RYAN JOINS CONGRESSIONAL CAUCUS ON ARMENIAN
ISSUES

RACINE, WI – Representative Paul Ryan (R-WI 1st) became the newest
member of the Congressional Caucus on Armenian Issues reported the
Armenian National Committee (ANC) of Wisconsin. This brings the
total number of Congressional Armenian Caucus members to 141.

Since 1998, Representative Ryan has been a consistent supporter of
Armenian issues, including co-signing the Congressional Letter
encouraging the President to characterize the Armenian Genocide as
a genocide in his annual April 24th address, co-sponsoring the
ANCA’s Capitol Hill Observance of the Armenian Genocide, and
supporting US aid to Armenia. In his most recent term,
Representative Ryan co-sponsored HR 528 which extends Permanent
Normal Trade Relations to Armenia and HR 193 which commemorates the
15th Anniversary of the United States adopting the Genocide
Convention, and will finish the term by joining the Congressional
Caucus on Armenian Issues.

“Since his first days in Congress, Representative Ryan has been
responsive to the concerns of the Armenian-American community in
Wisconsin’s First District,” stated Zohrab Khaligian,
representative of the ANC of Wisconsin. “His recent joining of the
Armenian Caucus shows his strong support of these concerns and his
commitment to maintaining that support far into the future”. The
ANC of Wisconsin has worked closely with Rep. Ryan to inform him of
issues of concern in the Armenian American community.

Paul Ryan was elected to the House of Representatives in November
1988 and has served three terms. In Congress, Representative Ryan
serves on the House Committee on Ways & Means, Joint Economic
Committee and Majority Leader’s Leadership Advisory Group, and he
focuses on issues pertaining to social security, Medicare and
affordable health care and tax policy. Prior to running for
Congress, Representative Ryan was an aide to US Senator Bob Kasten
(R-WI), an economic advisor to former Vice Presidential candidate
Jack Kemp and a legislative director in the US Senate.

The Armenian National Committee is the largest Armenian American
grassroots political organization in Wisconsin and nationwide. The
ANC actively advances a broad range of issues of concern to the
Armenian American community.

#####

www.anca.org