Le genocide. Apres coup

Libération , France
15 avril 2005

Le génocide. Après coup.

par CHALANDON Sorj

C’est la guerre. Russes et Ottomans se battent dans le Caucase. Sur
la ligne de front, soupçonnée par les Turcs tantôt de séparatisme
tantôt de trahison, la province arménienne de l’Empire ottoman est
prise en étau. Nous sommes à Constantinople, le 22 avril 1915. “Dans
la nuit, six cents journalistes, écrivains, avocats, médecins,
architectes, députés et autres personnalités arméniennes sont accusés
de complot et emprisonnés, la plupart d’entre eux sont exécutés dans
les semaines qui suivent”, explique le commentaire. “Le coup d’envoi
des massacres et des déportations qui feront entre un million et un
million et demi de morts, est donné. Un mois jour pour jour après
cette rafle, le 24 mai 1915, la France, l’Angleterre et la Russie
adressent au gouvernement impérial une déclaration commune où
apparaît pour la première fois le terme Crime contre l’humanité.” Une
main a tracé le mot “urgent”, en français dans la marge. La frappe du
document est nerveuse et mal encrée (1).

“Depuis un mois environ, la population kurde et turque de l’Arménie
procède de connivence et souvent avec l’aide des autorités ottomanes,
à des massacres d’Arméniens. De tels massacres ont eu lieu vers la
mi-avril à Erzeroum, Dertchun, Zguine, Sitila, Nouch, Sassoun,
Zeitoun et dans toute la Cilicie. Les habitants d’une centaine de
villages aux environs de Van ont été tous massacrés dans la ville
même. Le quartier arménien est assiégé par les Kurdes. En même temps,
à Constantinople, le gouvernement ottoman sévit contre une population
inoffensive. En présence de ces nouveaux crimes de la Turquie contre
l’humanité et la civilisation, les gouvernements alliés font savoir
publiquement à la Sublime Porte qu’ils tiendront pour responsables
desdits crimes, tous les membres du gouvernement ottoman ainsi que
ses agents qui se trouveraient impliqués dans pareils massacres.” Le
pouvoir impérial répond le 4 juin suivant. “Il est complètement faux
qu’il y ait eu des massacres d’Arméniens dans l’Empire. Si certains
Arméniens ont été déplacés, c’est parce qu’ils habitaient dans les
zones de guerre où leur présence inspirait de légitimes inquiétudes.
La Sublime Porte considère d’ailleurs de son devoir d’adopter toute
mesure qu’elle juge nécessaire pour assurer la sûreté de ses
frontières et qu’elle n’a à rendre compte à aucun gouvernement
étranger.” Les Alliés protestent en réponse, mais ne menacent pas
d’intervenir. Le génocide peut commencer.

Marking the pain of human history

The Gazette (Montreal)
April 16, 2005 Saturday
Final Edition

Marking the pain of human history: Lousnak, a Lebanese-born singer,
artist and actress, has conceived a multidisciplinary event that
commemorates genocide both past and present. ‘It’s happening as we
speak – in Darfur, in Chechnya. We can react now.’

by BERNARD PERUSSE, The Gazette

In 1939, Adolf Hitler chillingly dismissed the extermination of 1.5
million Armenians by asking who remembered them – but the Nazi leader
couldn’t have predicted that the world wouldn’t forget either him or
the Armenians any time soon. Lousnak, a Lebanese-born singer, artist
and actress, makes a yearly point of doing something to keep
awareness of the Armenian genocide alive.

“Before television existed, people used the excuse that it was
history. Now we know these things are happening, and we still don’t
do anything. It’s happening as we speak – in Darfur, in Chechnya. We
can react now – and we must do something,” the Montreal-based
performer said.

This year, Lousnak is giving her annual memorial concert in the
context of a larger project: the first annual Parlons Genocides, a
multidisciplinary event that begins Monday and runs until April 30.
It commemorates genocides throughout history and around the world.
Her show will take place on April 24, considered the 90th anniversary
of the Armenian genocide carried out by the Turkish government, and
her guests will include Jerome Miniere, Fredric Gary Comeau and
Patrick Watson. “The idea is to express the pain of genocide through
song, with the hope that art can reach more people than, let’s say,
politics,” she said.

Other shows also will be themed around different nationalities.
Monday’s opening concert, which is scheduled to include performances
by Zal, Sister Soul and DobaCaracol, focuses on Rwanda and Sudan.
Syncop, Montreal’s premier purveyors of Algerian rai music crossed
with almost anything you can think of, share the bill with rap trio
Loco Locass on Tuesday’s Palestine-themed evening. Guitar ensemble
Forestare will pay tribute to aboriginal people and Tziganes on
Friday, with a guest list that includes Florent Vollant, Alain Auger
of the eclectic duo Taima and Paul Kunigis. The Juan Jose Carranza
Trio and Alejandro Venegas are among the artists turning the light on
South America next Saturday, the night before Lousnak ends the
concert series.

Films will also be screened at the National Film Board during Parlons
Genocides, and most showings are scheduled to conclude with a
discussion period featuring a special guest. Among the works to be
presented are Shake Hands With the Devil (Monday), Atom Egoyan’s
Ararat (April 24), Ce qu’il reste de nous, the French version of What
Remains of Us, a moving look at contemporary Tibet by Francois
Prevost and Hugo Latulippe (April 25) and Hagop Goudsouzian’s Mon
fils sera Armenien (April 29).

A photo exhibit reflecting images of Chad, Darfur and Congo will run
starting Monday at the Cafe de l’Usine. Another photo exhibit, Les
Enfants de la Guerre, begins April 24 and can be seen at the National
Film Board.

A round-table discussion on the meaning of genocide in our age closes
the event. Among the scheduled participants are Lousnak, Patrick
Robitaille of Doctors Without Borders and Laurie Gordon, daughter of
the main Canadian witness at the trail of Adolf Eichmann.

Lousnak said the blueprint for Parlons Genocides was in part inspired
by sculptor Alberto Giacometti. “He wrote that the more he sculpted a
figure of his brother Diego, the more he saw all men in him. And the
more I worked on projects involving the Armenian genocide every year,
the more I saw all the pain in the world through it. It was only
logical that I turn it into an event commemorating the world’s
genocides,” she explained.

Parlons Genocides begins Monday and runs until April 30. For concert
prices and other information, call the Lion d’Or at (514) 598-0709.
Information on the South American night, however, is available from
the Kola Note at (514) 274-9339. All other events are free of charge.
For further information, go to online.

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www.parlonsgenocides.com

Refugee aid breeds resentment in Azerbaijan

Agence France Presse — English
April 16, 2005 Saturday 3:03 AM GMT

Refugee aid breeds resentment in Azerbaijan

by Simon Ostrovsky

KURDAMIR, Azerbaijan April 16

Already too dark indoors, a few old men sat outside a ramshackle
teahouse to catch the last rays of the afternoon sun as they played
dominoes in this dusty town in central Azerbaijan.

“There hasn’t been any electricity in the whole neighborhood for
seven hours,” complained one, “nowhere except there,” he added,
gesturing at a rickety apartment block inhabited by refugees from the
Nagorny-Karabakh war.

Hundreds of thousands of Azeri refugees from a conflict that erupted
in last days of the Soviet Union still live in destitute housing and
camps scattered around the republic.

But the regular aid that they receive both from the government and
foreign aid agencies has stoked resentment in the poor communities to
which they have been resettled.

“They get a lot of help and we get nothing,” said 75-year-old Gara,
who said his 24 US dollars a month pension was only enough to cover
energy and water costs, but left little for food.

A regular supply of free electricity is just one of the benefits that
ordinary residents in Kurdamir wish they could share.

In an area where jobs are scarce and pensions low, they say the food
aid refugees receive, as well as tax benefits and a clean water
supply mean life is easier for those who fled their homes more than a
decade ago.

Azerbaijan will spend 60 million US dollars on aid to refugees this
year and foreign aid groups are expected to pitch in an additional 30
million US dollars according to the government.

And though billions of US dollars have been invested into the Caspian
nation as a BP-led consortium prepares to launch a massive pipeline
to deliver oil from here to Western markets, nearly half of the
country lives below the poverty line.

Azerbaijan and its rival Armenia fought a bloody war for Karabakh, a
predominantly Armenian enclave within Azerbaijan’s internationally
recognized borders until a ceasefire was signed in 1994.

Pro-Armenian forces won control of Karabakh and seven surrounding
regions at the cost of about 25,000 dead from both sides. About a
million people on both sides, 750,000 of them Azeris, were driven
from their homes.

And though conditions in the camps remain poor, aid groups have begun
to indicate that in poverty-stricken Azerbaijan, there is more
suffering outside the camps than inside.

More than 90 percent of refugees consume acceptable amounts of food,
but according to a recent study by the World Food Program (WFP) up to
600,000 ordinary people in rural areas are “food insecure” causing
malnutrition mainly among children.

“It is an issue which needs to be addressed. Twenty four percent of
children in some areas are stunted and suffer from malnutrition,”
said Rahman Chowdhury, WFP director in Azerbaijan.

Meanwhile the aid refugees receive, which is sometimes in excess of
their needs, is sold on to local residents, according to a Peace
Corps volunteer who works with refugee and local children in
Kurdamir.

As she sat by candlelight because of a power cut, Lisa Min said there
was “less resentment than you would expect,” between the two
communities, but goods like vegetable oil given to refugees in large
quantities often find their way onto the market.

Instead of taking steps to integrate refugees into communities and
invest money into developing towns, Azerbaijan’s government has done
everything to make sure refugees stay in camps, against the advice of
aid agencies.

“We want them to live in concentration so that when the occupied
territories are liberated it will be easier to move them back in,”
Azerbaijan’s Deputy Prime Minister Ali Hasanov told AFP.

The high level of government support that they receive is designed to
create incentives for the refugees to stay put, Hasanov said, but it
has also given grounds for jealousy from their impoverished
neighbors.

With Armenia and Azerbaijan no closer to reaching a lasting
settlement than they were when the tense ceasefire was reached,
humanitarian organizations have pushed the government to look at
other options.

According to the WFP’s Chowdhury, “living in the camps is not ideal,
not for a long time, they do not have opportunities to work outside
and this causes grievances and tensions,” with the local communities.

From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Armenian tale of new -found love

The Gloucester Citizen, UK
April 15, 2005

Armenian tale of new -found love

The tale of an elderly widow who finds love and friendship in a
graveyard is coming to the Forest’s Third Screen on Monday. Vodka
Lemon (PG), will be shown at the Studio Cinema at Coleford thanks to
funding from Forest of Dean District Council, Gloucestershire County
Arts, Libraries and Museums and South West Screen.

Set in the harsh winter of post Soviet Armenia, this is the touching
tale of an elderly widower who finds love and friendship with a widow
he meets at the local graveyard.

An inspiring tale, with plenty of dry humour, Vodka Lemon won the San
Marco Prize at the Venice Film Festival.

The unusual love story is in a programme of films to be shown at the
Third Screen, which takes place at the cinema every first and third
Monday in the month.

From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

A 90 anni dal Genocidio, anche la turchia deve fare i conti con…

La Stampa, Italia
Venerdì Il 15 Aprile 2005

A 90 ANNI DAL GENOCIDIO, ANCHE LA TURCHIA DEVE FARE I CONTI CON LE
PROPRIE RESPONSABILITA’ Armeni, il primo buco nero del ‘900

Rizzo Aldo

Aldo Rizzo APRILE 1915. Novant’anni fa. Comincia una tragedia
epocale, in quello che e’ ancora per poco l’Impero ottomano. Un
genocidio, dicono gli armeni, che ne furono vittime. L’altra Shoah,
dicono in Occidente coloro che paragonano quei terribili eventi allo
sterminio nazista degli ebrei. Di certo, uno dei grandi buchi neri
del Novecento, cronologicamente il primo.

Al quale finalmente, dopo una lunga e diffusa amnesia internazionale,
viene ora dedicato un Giorno della Memoria, il 24 di questo mese. La
nuova Turchia non si associa, ma per la prima volta, pressata
dall’Unione Europea, nella quale aspira a entrare, abbandona la linea
di un’ostinata autodifesa e si dice pronta a un confronto, storico e
culturale. Un primo passo, al quale altri, piu’ netti, dovranno
seguire.

La scelta del 24 aprile ha due significati, tragicamente intrecciati.

Segna per gli armeni il ricordo di un momento eroico, e glorioso,
della loro storia, la disperata resistenza alla repressione turca
nella citta’ orientale di Van e la sua momentanea vittoria; ma anche
l’inizio della vera e propria campagna di sterminio, condotta da quel
momento in poi dal governo di Costantinopoli con la fredda e crudele
determinazione di un impero morente, che scatenava su una minoranza
incolpevole la rabbia del declino e la velleita’ di arrestarlo, o
d’invertirlo. Al termine della battaglia di Van, i militari russi
sopraggiunti raccolsero e cremarono 55 mila corpi di armeni, sparsi
per tutta la provincia. Quando i russi si ritirarono, l’esercito
turco, invece d’inseguirli, si avvento’ contro cio’ che restava della
popolazione locale, dando inizio a una spietata campagna globale, che
sarebbe durata almeno due anni e che sarebbe costata, per la
minoranza armena dell’impero, un milione e mezzo di morti.

Traggo questi dati da un libro straordinario di Henri Morgenthau, che
fu ambasciatore degli Stati Uniti a Costantinopoli (l’odierna
Istanbul) dal 1913 al 1916 e che, come rappresentante di un paese
ancora neutrale nella Grande Guerra, pote’ seguire da vicino quei
tragici eventi, grazie anche ai rapporti dei molti uffici consolari e
alle testimonianze dei missionari cristiani. Il libro, apparso per la
prima volta nel 1918, fu ripubblicato una ventina di anni fa in
Francia, utilizzando anche la diffusione di documenti dell’epoca da
parte del Dipartimento di Stato (Me’moires, Flammarion). Ma, intanto,
perche’ un cosi’ grande odio turco verso gli armeni? Novant’anni fa,
essi, in Turchia, erano circa due milioni e rappresentavano un’isola
cristiana nel mare islamico ottomano. I turchi li sentivano
“”diversi”” anche per una loro maggiore capacita’ di lavoro e di
profitto, rispetto al proprio standard, e la loro identita’, frutto
di una storia antica, ben piu’ di quella turca e islamica, era
avvertita come una minaccia alla coesione dell’impero. Verso la fine
dell’Ottocento, il sultano Abdul Hamid ne aveva sterminati almeno 200
mila, provocando l’indignazione del premier liberale inglese William
Gladstone, che lo defini’ pubblicamente “”un grande assassino””.

L’odio era diventato sempre piu’ grande col progressivo sfaldamento
dell’impero, dalla perdita della Grecia a quella della Bosnia, della
Bulgaria, dell’Egitto, della Libia, di Creta, e ora i fermenti
nazionalistici della comunita’ armena si manifestavano in Anatolia,
all’interno stesso della casamadre. Nel 1913, il potere politico era
passato con un atto di forza ai Giovani Turchi (Enver, Talaat,
Djemal), presunti modernizzatori, in realta’ capi non meno dispotici
e cinici. E fu con loro che si tento’ la “”soluzione finale”” della
questione armena.

Il libro di Morgenthau, oltre che la documentazione di quella
tragedia, e’ un grande racconto della Costantinopoli degli ultimi
anni dell’impero, tra gli estremi sussulti di una potenza ormai
dissanguata e gli intrighi della nuova classe dirigente, dimentica
delle promesse e avida di privilegi. Su questo sfondo, gli intrecci e
gli intrighi della diplomazia mondiale, alla vigilia e nella prima
fase della Grande Guerra, perche’ Costantinopoli significava il
Bosforo e i Dardanelli, e sul controllo degli Stretti, in funzione
antirussa, gli Imperi centrali giocavano una partita cruciale.

Soprattutto la Germania, che era arrivata a stabilire col nuovo
governo turco quasi un rapporto di vassallaggio.

E infatti Morgenthau, che era di origine tedesco-ebraica, vide subito
nell’ambasciatore di Berlino, il barone von Wangenheim, il genio
malefico della situazione, fino ad attribuirgli la paternita’, come
dire, strategica di quello che poi sarebbe stato il massacro degli
armeni. Gli sembrava che fosse poco “”turca”” (benche’ i turchi non
scherzassero), ma piuttosto “”tedesca””, una pianificazione tanto
sistematica dell’annientamento di una minoranza (e anche su questa
osservazione si fondo’ piu’ tardi la teoria di un legame, almeno
metodologico, con l’Olocausto e quasi di un’anticipazione del delirio
hitleriano). L’accusa agli armeni di Turchia fu di connivenza con la
Russia, schierata con gli Alleati d’Occidente e nella quale viveva la
comunita’ armena orientale, dopo la fine dell’occupazione persiana.

Accusa non infondata, ma riguardo a casi circoscritti, certo non tali
da giustificare il piano di sterminio. Che previde la deportazione
degli armeni, da qualunque citta’ in cui abitassero, e qualunque
posizione occupassero, verso il deserto siriano, con l’idea, per
quanto i fatti dimostrarono, di farli morire per strada. E dove non
bastavano le fatiche e gli stenti, provvedevano i fucili e i pugnali
dei soldati turchi. Il bilancio finale, considerato attendibile dagli
storici imparziali, fu, come dicevo, di un milione e mezzo di morti.

Oggi gli armeni turchi sono circa sessantamila, dei due milioni che
erano.

La comunita’ “”russa”” divento’, dopo la rivoluzione sovietica e dopo
vari passaggi, una repubblica dell’Urss, infine acquistando
l’indipendenza nel 1991, dopo il crollo, anche, dell’impero
comunista. Vi vivono circa 3 milioni e mezzo di armeni, quasi
altrettanti appartengono alla diaspora, in varie parti d’Europa,
soprattutto in Francia, e del mondo, e sono politicamente i piu’
duri. Nel 1923, con Mustafa Kemal, detto Ataturk (padre della
patria), sulle rovine dell’impero islamico, la Turchia divento’ una
repubblica laica e occidentalizzante, con Ankara capitale. Ma non per
questo volle mai ammettere la responsabilita’ di un genocidio,
inserendo piuttosto i fatti del 1915-17, e anche oltre, fra le
durezze inevitabili di una guerra mondiale e attribuendo le tante
morti di armeni alla fame e alle malattie.

La suscettibilita’ di Ankara fu grande, ogni qual volta un paese
straniero (la Francia nel 2001 e piu’ blandamente l’Italia) denuncio’
con risoluzioni parlamentari il “”genocidio””, chiedendo che non
passasse in archivio senza un riconoscimento della comunita’
internazionale. D’altronde, la Turchia laica e formalmente
democratica, pur con tante anomalie, era diventata un membro molto
importante della Nato, e la Realpolitik aveva il suo peso.

Ma ora – ecco la svolta – c’e’ una situazione geopolitica del tutto
nuova. Al di la’ della Nato, che e’ un’alleanza militare, peraltro
appannatasi nel dopo-11 settembre, c’e’ una realta’ piu’ contigua e
complessa, l’Unione Europea, anch’essa in difficolta’, ma che
conserva un formidabile “”appeal”” politico-economico per il futuro,
quale che sia. E la Turchia vuole esserne parte, pagando il prezzo
(se cosi’ si puo’ dire, perche’ in realta’ si tratta di un ricavo
forte e stabile) di un adeguamento delle sue leggi allo standard
della democrazia comunitaria.

Il prezzo include una rivisitazione, finora ostinatamente elusa,
delle sue responsabilita’ storiche di novant’anni fa.
Responsabilita’, se si vuole, non proprio sue, ma di un regime
imperiale defunto, che tuttavia fa parte, e che parte, della sua
memoria storica. Il governo islamista moderato di Erdogan, col
concorso dell’opposizione, ha proposto una commissione mista
(turco-armena) di storici, sperabilmente ad archivi aperti. L’Armenia
indipendente, e la sua residua “”enclave”” turca, ne diffidano,
temono lungaggini e ambiguita’, chiedono, non a torto, altre
iniziative, come l’apertura dei confini e dei commerci. Quanto
all’Unione Europea, essa (a maggioranza) vuole con se’ la moderna
Turchia, ma a certe condizioni, ivi compreso il superamento di quel
primo grande buco nero del Novecento.

GRAPHIC: UNA NAZIONE DISPERSA La questione armena, in parte
paragonabile a quella curda, ha radici antichissime. Gli armeni
abitavano 8 secoli prima di Cristo un’ampia regione dell’Asia minore
(comprendente il monte Ararat, su cui si sarebbe arenata l’Arca di
Noe’). Seguirono varie dominazioni (persiana, romana, bizantina,
mongola, tartara), che tuttavia non cancellarono i tratti di una
cultura autonoma, ivi comprese la lingua e le arti. Nel 1473 la
regione passo’ sotto il dominio ottomano, successivamente dimezzato
dai persiani, a cui seguirono i russi. L’altra meta’ resto’ ai
turchi. Ma gli armeni, diventati cristiani gia’ nel IV secolo (Chiesa
armena gregoriana), si dispersero in vari altri paesi. Nel 1923, alla
conferenza di Losanna, falli’ il progetto di una Grande Armenia
indipendente, per non turbare gli equilibri postbellici. Sarebbe
diventata indipendente, dopo il crollo dell’Urss, l’Armenia russa,
ora in crisi col vicino Azerbaigian per il controllo del
Nagorno-Karabah. Sulle persecuzioni, oltre allo storico libro di
Henri Morgenthau, vedi Storia del genocidio armeno di Vahakn N.
Dadrian (Guerini Associati).

From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Sunday, April 24

Sunday, April 24

.c The Associated Press

Today is Sunday, April 24, the 114th day of 2005. There are 251 days
left in the year.

Highlights in history on this date:

1521 – Spanish rebels are defeated at Villalar, Spain, and leaders of
anti-Hapsburg movement are executed.

1617 – Concino Concini, Marquis d’Angre, is assassinated by order of
France’s King Louis XIII, and Charles d’Albert, Duke of Luynes, takes
charge of government of France.

1671 – Defeated Cossack rebel leader Stenka Razin is captured by
loyalist Cossacks in Russia and turned over to the czar’s forces.

1704 – The first regularly issued American newspaper starts
publication.

1792 – Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle composes France’s national
anthem, La Marseillaise.

1877 – American Federal troops are ordered out of New Orleans, ending
the North’s post-Civil War rule in the South.

1898 – Spain declares war on United States after receiving U.S.
ultimatum to withdraw from Cuba.

1915 – The Ottoman Turkish Empire begins the brutal mass deportation
of Armenians during World War I.

1916 – Some 1,600 Irish nationalists launch the Easter uprising by
seizing several key sites in Dublin. The rising is put down by British
forces several days later.

1953 – British statesman Winston Churchill is knighted by Queen
Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace.

1962 – The Massachusetts Institute of Technology achieves the first
satellite relay of a television signal, between Camp Parks,
California, and Westford, Massachusetts.

1967 – Soviet Cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov is killed when parachute
straps of his spacecraft get entangled, and he plunges to earth.

1969 – Lebanon’s Premier Rashid Karami resigns amid dispute over
government’s restrictions on Palestinian guerrillas.

1970 – China launches its first satellite.

1971 – Soviet cosmonauts link up with unmanned satellite prior to
attempt to build world’s first orbiting space laboratory.

1975 – Terrorists from the German Red Army faction occupy the West
German Embassy in Stockholm, taking 12 people hostage and killing two
of them.

1975 – Thousands of Vietnamese refugees are flown to U.S. island of
Guam as communists move rapidly in their takeover of South Vietnam.

1980 – The United States launches an abortive attempt to free American
hostages in Iran, a mission that results in the deaths of eight
U.S. servicemen. President Jimmy Carter announces the failed mission
to the American people.

1986 – Wallis Simpson, the Duchess of Windsor, for whom King Edward
VIII gave up the British throne, dies in Paris at age 89.

1989 – Rebels shell eastern Afghanistan city of Jalalabad, killing at
least 54 people.

1990 – The U.S. space shuttle Discovery takes the Hubble Space
Telescope into orbit.

1991 – South African government announces it will uphold agreement
with African National Congress to free all political prisoners by
April 30.

1992 – OPEC nations reject a demand by Iran for increased production.

1993 – Commandos break into a cockpit of a commandeered Indian
Airlines plane in Amritsar, India, shoot dead the lone hijacker and
free all 141 people aboard.

1994 – Cuban exiles are received by President Fidel Castro, the man
some have long wanted to overthrow.

1995 – The British government upgrades its talks with Sinn Fein, the
political ally of the IRA, by assigning a minister to negotiate.

1996 – The Palestinian parliament declares in Gaza City that it no
longer seeks Israel’s destruction and has abandoned armed struggle.

1997 – Islamist militants armed with sabers and axes strike two
villages in Algeria, butchering 47 people in a pre-election terror
wave that leaves an estimated 420 dead in a few weeks.

1998 – In front of a cheering crowd, 22 Rwandans convicted of genocide
are executed by firing squad in Kigali.

1999 – A car bomb explodes in one of London’s biggest Bangladeshi
communities, injuring seven people. A racist group claims
responsibility.

2000 – Iranian hard-liners close down 14 pro-democracy publications in
a strike against a major pillar of the reform movement.

2001 – A jury is chosen in the murder trial of a former Ku Klux
Klansman charged 38 years after the church bombing that killed four
black girls in Birmingham, Alabama.

2002 – Sweden’s National Food Administration reports that potentially
harmful amounts of a chemical suspected of causing cancer are produced
when certain starchy foods, such as french fries and bread, are baked
or fried at high temperatures.

2003 – Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, the former wife of Nelson Mandela,
is convicted of fraud and theft by a regional court in Pretoria South
Afria and sentenced to five years in prison. Madikizela-Mandela was
charged with running fraudulent schemes to obtain about $125,000 in
bank loans and insurance payments.

2004 – A U.N. plan to reunite Cyprus collapses when Greek Cypriots
overwhelmingly reject it in a referendum. Turkish Cypriots vote
heavily in favor. The rejection of the plan, which had to be approved
by both communities, means that only Greek Cypriots will enjoy the
benefits of Cyprus’ joining the European Union on May 1.

Today’s Birthdays: Edmund Cartwright, English inventor of first power
loom (1743-1823); Anthony Trollope, English novelist (1814-1882);
Shirley MacLaine, U.S. actress-dancer-author (1934–); Sue Grafton,
U.S. mystery/crime novelist (1940–); Barbra Streisand,
U.S. actress-entertainer (1942–); Eric Bogosian, U.S. actor (1953–);
Cedric the Entertainer, U.S. comedian (1964–).

Thought For Today:

We are what we think. All that we are, arises with our thoughts. With
our thoughts, we make the world – Buddha, founder of Buddhism.

04/16/05 20:01 EDT

Turk FM: Armenia Turkey Relations Cannot Stay at Current Levels Long

Pan Armenian News

TURKISH FOREIGN MINISTER: RELATIONS BETWEEN ARMENIA AND TURKEY CANNOT STAY
AT CURRENT LEVEL FOR LONG

16.04.2005 05:38

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ «The relations between Armenia and Turkey develop.
Activation of the cooperation is observed between our countries at the state
level. The MPs of Armenia and Turkey periodically meet both in Ankara and
Yerevan. Besides, the Philharmonic Orchestra of Armenia was on tour in
Turkey lately,» stated Turkish Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul, the New
Anatolian periodical reported. Speaking of further promotion of bilateral
relations and the issue of the opening of Armenia’s border under the
conditions of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict being not settled, Abdullah Gul
noted that the MPs of the two countries work over intensive development of
the Armenian-Turkish relations. «The current state of the relations between
our countries cannot remain unchanged. By saying «our countries» I mean
Turkey, Azerbaijan and Armenia… I hope we will solve our problems,» he
added.

From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Eq.-Guinea Authorities Deny Claims 6 Armenian Pilots in Dire Straits

Pan Armenian News

EQUATO-GUINEAN AUTHORITIES DENY CLAIMS 6 ARMENIAN PILOTS IN GUINEAN PRISON
IN PLIGHT

16.04.2005 04:31

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ The government of Equatorial Guinea has denied the claims
that 6 Armenian pilots kept in prison in that country are in a plight. The
other day Kolawole Olaniyan, director of Amnesty International’s Africa
Program stated that the prisoners are emaciated with persistent torture and
chronic diseases. Besides, the prisoners of the Black Beach prison risk
starving to death, as the prison direction has cut their food rations. In
response to that Special Advisor to Equato-Guinean President Miguel Mifumu
stated that the prisoners get enough food and Amnesty International «merely
puts pressure upon the country authorities for the prisoners to be
released.» «Let them come and see what actually takes place, as the Red
Cross has done,» he added. It should be noted that the Armenian pilots were
indicted in complicity in an attempt of a coup d’etat in Equatorial Guinea
and were sentenced to long-term imprisonment.

From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Armenian Ambassador Handed Credentials to Iranian President

Pan Armenian News

ARMENIAN AMBASSADOR HANDED CREDENTIALS TO IRANIAN PRESIDENT

16.04.2005 03:40

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ Armenian Ambassador to the Islamic Republic of Iran Karen
Nazarian has handed his credentials to Iranian President Mohammad Khatami,
the Press Service of the Armenian Foreign Ministry reported. On behalf of
Armenian President Robert Kocharian the Armenian diplomat thanked Mohammad
Khatami for the attention being constantly paid to the Armenian-Iranian
relations. The Ambassador noted that the visit of the Iranian leader to
Armenia was a historical one both in the political and economic respects. In
his turn, Mohammad Khatami emphasized the importance of the Armenian-Iranian
cooperation, and having underscored the special respect of Armenians in
Iran, said he was sure that the basic programs available between the two
countries will be implemented by joint efforts. At the conclusion of the
meeting the Iranian President asked Karen Nazarian to convey his best
regards to Robert Kocharian.

Teheran Armenian Schools To Demand That Iran NA Recognize Genocide

Pan Armenian News

TEHERAN ARMENIAN SCHOOLS TO DEMAND THAT IRANIAN PARLIAMENT RECOGNIZE
ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

15.04.2005 06:55

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ The Teheran Diocese of the Armenian Church is organizing a
mass demonstration with participation of pupils of Armenian schools will be
organized in the Iranian capital on 19 April. The action is dedicated to the
90-th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide, the Yerkir newspaper reported.
90 schoolchildren, representing 21 Armenian schools of Iran, will gather in
front of the parliament building. Representatives of national authorities,
members of parental committees and teachers will join them. A petition
demanding to officially acknowledge the Armenian Genocide of 1915 will be
submitted to the Iranian Parliament Presidium. The same day candles will be
lighted in front of all Armenian schools of Teheran.