Global Population Implosion

Global Population Implosion

The New American
Nov 12 2004

“For decades, much has been written about the world’s exploding
population,” noted an October 7 Christian Science Monitor report.
“But 60 countries, about a third of all nations, have fertility rates
today below 2.1 children per woman, the number necessary to maintain
a stable population. Half of those nations have levels of 1.5 or
less. In Armenia, Italy, South Korea, and Japan, average fertility
levels are now close to one child per woman. Barring unforeseen change,
at least 43 of those nations will have smaller populations in 2050
than they do today.”

“This baby dearth has potentially weighty economic consequences for
governments worried about everything from economic vitality to funding
future pension programs and healthcare,” continues the Monitor. “That’s
why many of them have been taking measures designed to encourage their
citizens to multiply.” France is offering mothers a birth subsidy of
800 euros per baby; Italy offers mothers of second children a bonus
of 1,000 euros.

South Korea has been offering tax incentives for families with young
children. Japanese prefectures (roughly the equivalent of state
governments) have been organizing hiking trips, cruises, and other
singles events with an avidity that would make the stereotypical
Yenta proud. In Japan, notes the paper, singles “are often called
‘parasites’ because, when they retire, they have no children paying
into the national pension system or helping out otherwise.”

Such efforts to address the birth dearth, like previous efforts to
combat the “population explosion,” illustrate that most governments
continue to regard children as a social resource to be managed by
the state.

BAKU: Azeri minister says Karabakh mediators should be active in pea

Azeri minister says Karabakh mediators should be active in peace talks

Ekspress, Baku
10 Nov 04

Text of Xazar Altay’s report by Azerbaijani newspaper Ekspress on 10
November headlined “Elmar Mammadyarov: ‘We are expecting a final say
from the Minsk Group co-chairs ‘”

“Baku is expecting a final say from the OSCE Minsk Group co-chairs in
the Nagornyy Karabakh settlement. If the mediating countries [Russian,
France and the USA] do not want to miss an opportunity of maintaining
peace in the region, they should liven up their participation in
this process,” Azerbaijani Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov told
Ekspress yesterday [9 November].

Commenting on the current situation in the [settlement] process,
the minister said that the co-chairs should correctly access the
situation and be more active in the talks.

Mammadyarov touched on Azerbaijan’s position and said that the issue
of territorial integrity should be respected in any case. He, however,
thinks that “the issues like the right to self-determination” may be
discussed in the future.

“The main thing is that there is a subject for the dialogue. The
settlement of the conflict is possible, if the sides want this. The
co-chairs should achieve that Armenia wishes this.”

1914-18 est l’invention de la guerre totale

L’Express , France
8 novembre 2004

”14-18 est l’invention de la guerre totale”;
Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau

par Makarian Christian

Peut-on encore apprendre quelque chose sur la guerre de 14-18?
Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau prouve que oui. Spécialiste de la Première
Guerre mondiale, ce jeune historien a consacré toute son oeuvre à la
redécouverte d’un conflit en passe de devenir mythique. Il s’est
penché sur la fibre humaine, les ressorts psychologiques, les effets
à long terme. Il a ainsi été le premier à s’intéresser aux enfants
nés de l’ennemi, au mécanisme du deuil, à l’usage de l’enfance par la
propagande… Il a contribué à fonder l’Historial de la Grande Guerre
de Péronne, dont il dirige, avec sa collègue Annette Becker, le
centre de recherche. Professeur à l’université de Picardie
Jules-Verne, à Amiens, médaillé de bronze du CNRS, il est un des
coordonnateurs, avec Jean-Jacques Becker, de la remarquable
Encyclopédie de la Grande Guerre, publiée par Bayard (voir l’article
de Jacques Duquesne, page 104). Il donne ici, pour L’Express, une
vision éclairante de ce conflit.

Presque un siècle après le déclenchement du premier conflit mondial,
si l’on essaie de se détacher du fil des événements et de s’abstraire
de la charge émotionnelle de la Grande Guerre, quel bilan peut-on
tirer au titre de l’histoire universelle? Je crois que ce qui
subsiste de 1914-1918 peut se résumer à une expérience de violence
sans aucun précédent historique. En tout cas à l’échelle de
l’Occident et plus particulièrement de l’Europe. La Première Guerre
mondiale à la fois représente la mort de masse et induit les autres
formes de violence qui l’accompagnent. A l’impact du conflit lui-même
s’ajoutent les effets sur les survivants, puis sur les générations
suivantes.

Comment se manifeste ce deuxième impact, qui est parvenu jusqu’à
nous? D’abord, on ne peut qu’être frappé par la manière dont
l’expérience de violence s’est déplacée ailleurs, notamment dans le
champ politique et idéologique. La cristallisation des totalitarismes
au XXe siècle est un élément crucial, qui vaut tant pour le fascisme
ou le nazisme que pour le communisme. Cristallisation qui s’étend, de
surcroît, sur le court, le moyen et le long terme: dès 1917 pour la
Russie, le début des années 1920 pour l’Italie, les années 1930 pour
l’Allemagne et jusqu’à la fin des années 1980 pour le bloc
soviétique, la chute du mur de Berlin représentant, au fond, la
dernière séquelle géopolitique, et par contrecoup idéologique, de la
Grande Guerre. Ensuite, reste le problème du deuil de masse. Je suis
persuadé que les historiens n’ont pas vraiment mesuré son poids
persistant sur les sociétés européennes. Ils n’ont pas davantage
estimé les effets de récurrence de ce deuil, de génération en
génération. L’activité commémorative qui a commencé immédiatement
après la Grande Guerre, dans tous les pays et avec une intensité
inouïe, a sans doute empêché le deuil de se clore alors que c’était
le but initialement recherché. La présence si forte, de nos jours, de
ce passé guerrier dans notre présent révèle, dans une large mesure,
une parenthèse non refermée. C’est ce que les psychiatres
spécialistes des catastrophes de masse appellent un “phénomène de
troisième génération”. Ce sont les petits-enfants et
arrière-petits-enfants de 14-18 qui ramènent désormais la guerre au
premier plan.

N’y a-t-il pas, également, un “effet 14” qui perdure sur le fait
national, par exemple au centre et à l’est de l’Europe? Il y a
certainement un lien entre 14-18 et certaines résurgences actuelles
des affects nationaux. Indiscutablement, le premier conflit mondial
est avant tout une grande guerre des nations et, derrière les
nations, une guerre de civilisation, dont chaque grand pays se
croyait porteur. Les Français combattaient les Allemands avec la
conviction d’incarner la “civilisation” contre la “barbarie”. Les
Allemands, quant à eux, pensaient défendre l’avenir de la “Kultur”.
Les Britanniques et les Américains n’étaient pas en reste. Au-delà
des nations, ce sont des visions de l’humanité qui se sont
affrontées. Sans cet arrière-plan idéologique, qui peut aussi receler
des connotations ethniques de type raciste, on ne comprend rien à
l’ampleur du processus guerrier, à sa durée, à l’acharnement mis à le
poursuivre. L’Alsace-Lorraine, par exemple, n’est qu’un aspect mineur
s’inscrivant dans le cadre d’une défense de la nation qui elle-même
incarne la civilisation, et se veut donc l’expression de l’humanité
tout entière. Dans les enjeux de la Grande Guerre, on trouve une
composante eschatologique, très perceptible lorsqu’on relit les
discours tenus le 11 novembre 1918: la victoire devait permettre aux
sociétés humaines dans leur ensemble de connaître un âge d’or que,
sans la guerre, on n’aurait pu atteindre. Cela paraît aujourd’hui
monstrueux, mais c’est bien ainsi que la victoire des Alliés a été
perçue.

Il a fallu déchanter et retourner au réel. Comment s’est produite ce
que les historiens appellent la “démobilisation culturelle”? Cela
dépend des pays. En France et en Grande-Bretagne, l’écart se creuse
assez rapidement entre la perception des sacrifices consentis et les
résultats réels. Chez les vaincus – l’Allemagne ou l’Italie – il
n’existe pas de vraie démobilisation, mais une seconde étape
mobilisatrice, qui provoque la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le grand
moment d’un pacifisme susceptible de dévaloriser globalement, à
l’échelle de toute l’Europe occidentale, les affects guerriers et
nationaux date d’après 1945 et surtout des années 1960 et 1970. C’est
là seulement que tous les pays européens intériorisent définitivement
les effets du double choc de la Première et de la Seconde Guerre
mondiale. C’est là la justification profonde de la construction
européenne, qu’on ne peut comprendre autrement.

Où en sommes-nous aujourd’hui? Peut-être à un retour de balancier.
Les affects nationaux, si démonétisés, sont revenus, ici ou là, sur
le devant de la scène, dans une sorte de nostalgie du national. Ce
retour n’a, bien sûr, rien à voir avec ce que fut la surrection du
sentiment de nation en 1914, mais je crois qu’il ne faut pas négliger
le vague regret, qui ne peut évidemment s’avouer, que cette époque-là
engendre. En d’autres mots, le fait que 1914 puisse apparaître comme
une horreur, mais aussi comme une sorte d’apogée de la “France
parfaite” me semble peu discutable. Beaucoup de contemporains
entretiennent une relation ambiguë, à la fois horrifiée et fascinée,
avec l’investissement national qui s’est manifesté au cours des ces
quatre années, avec cet examen de passage sanglant et si tragiquement
réussi.

D’autant plus que, de façon confuse, les Français ont la perception
d’un déclin continu depuis… Question difficile pour l’historien. La
sensation d’un déclin français, qui existe effectivement avec force,
découlerait-elle de ce moment où la France aurait été une dernière
fois elle-même? C’est en tout cas vraisemblable. On le voit très
bien, par exemple, dans la manière dont les soldats français ont
perçu Dien Bien Phu, en 1954, cette dernière bataille de l’armée
française au XXe siècle. Quelle est alors leur référence constante,
comme le prouvent leurs lettres et leurs témoignages? Verdun. Or,
sans Dien Bien Phu, comprend-on l’intense investissement militaire
français en Algérie? Il est clair que 14-18 pèse sur tout le siècle
et, au-delà, sur toutes les représentations de nous-mêmes en tant que
nation. De nos jours, la nostalgie de la France en tant que grande
puissance fait peu de doute. Mais comment l’avouer sans admettre,
voire excuser, le massacre de masse de 1914-1918?

En va-t-il de même dans les autres pays européens? Les situations
sont très différentes, ce qui explique pourquoi il ne peut y avoir de
cérémonie du 11 Novembre au niveau européen. Le fait que la société
britannique n’ait pas subi, sur son sol, un choc aussi violent que la
France en 14-18, puis en 1940, contribue à une moindre érosion de
l’esprit “militaire” de 1914. On le constate lors des pèlerinages
britanniques sur les lieux: le continuum patriotique n’a pas connu de
rupture majeure. Il s’exprime jusqu’en 1982, lors de la guerre des
Malouines, cette dernière guerre de l’honneur menée par une société
occidentale au XXe siècle. Du côté allemand, c’est évidemment tout à
fait différent. Lors des cérémonies solennelles du 11 Novembre 1998,
à Paris, Jacques Chirac et Lionel Jospin n’ont pas réussi à
s’associer le chancelier Schröder pour la bonne raison que l’on
commémorait en Allemagne le 9 novembre 1938, date de la Nuit de
cristal. C’est très significatif. L’ombre portée du nazisme, de la
Seconde Guerre mondiale et de l’extermination des juifs bloque tout
processus empathique à l’égard de 14-18. La culpabilité globalise le
passé et suscite la coupure mémorielle. Le cas russe est également
différent. La mémoire est absolument occultée: la Grande Guerre n’y
est que l’épiphénomène d’un autre événement matriciel, la révolution
bolchevique de 1917.

Qu’en est-il des pays du centre et de l’est de l’Europe? Beaucoup de
ces pays n’existent qu’à l’issue de la guerre. Le conflit est donc
pour eux fortement identitaire, ce qui n’est pas simple pour autant.
En Pologne, au musée de l’Armée de Varsovie, il est impossible
d’avoir une vue globale. Une vitrine présente les soldats enrôlés
sous le drapeau russe, une autre ceux qui ont combattu dans l’armée
allemande, une autre encore ceux qui portaient l’uniforme
austro-hongrois. L’Autriche, démembrée en 1918, complètement
enclavée, devient une tête sans corps. Dans les Balkans, la Première
Guerre n’est qu’un moment dans une longue séquence de violence liée
au choc ininterrompu des nationalismes d’existence. Des luttes du
XIXe siècle contre l’Empire ottoman aux atroces guerres balkaniques
de 1912-1913 – qui donnent lieu au premier rapport humanitaire de
l’Histoire, établi par la Fondation Carnegie – jusqu’à la guerre de
Yougoslavie des années 1940, puis celle de la décennie 1990, la
violence extrême s’établit comme une constante, dans une chronologie
souvent vécue comme dépourvue de solution de continuité. Il n’y a eu
ni démobilisation culturelle ni pause de la conflictualité.

Pourquoi ne s’interroge-t-on jamais sur la perception de nos voisins
européens? Nous francisons en effet sans cesse la commémoration de
14-18, comme s’il ne s’était rien passé ailleurs, ce qui empêche de
comprendre la portée réelle de cette guerre. Prenez l’exemple du film
Capitaine Conan (Bertrand Tavernier), qui se passe en Roumanie mais
met en scène des soldats français. Le fait que l’action a lieu sur le
front d’Orient et que les Français ne soient pas en uniforme bleu
horizon, dans leur guerre à eux, sur leur territoire à eux, explique
largement l’échec public du film. Le film de Jean-Pierre Jeunet Un
long dimanche de fiançailles va en revanche dans le sens de la
victimisation à la française, le réalisateur franchissant même un
seuil inédit lorsqu’il déclare: “J’ai l’impression d’être mort
là-bas, dans une autre vie.” On passe de “mon arrière-grand-père est
mort en 14” à “je suis mort en 14”. Là, de mon point de vue, on
sombre dans une indécence totale.

Ne croyez-vous pas que, pour certains, il y a un moyen de se créer un
drame intime en se repeignant en victime? Nous sommes en effet dans
la “concurrence des victimes”. En novembre 1998, le maire de Craonne
accueille Lionel Jospin pour la célébration du 80e anniversaire de
1918 et déclare: “Il s’est produit sur le Chemin des Dames le premier
crime contre l’humanité resté impuni.” Faisant bon marché de
l’Histoire, il ignore que le génocide des Arméniens s’est produit
auparavant, en 1915. Sans parler du massacre des Herero, en Namibie
actuelle, perpétré sur un ordre explicite d’extermination donné par
le commandement allemand, et qui aboutit à l’élimination de 80% de
cette population entre 1904 et 1906. Peu importe, et Le Monde
reproduit sans aucune distance ses propos, faisant sien cet amalgame
insupportable: l’opération de translation des grandes exterminations
du XXe siècle vers les soldats de la Grande Guerre, victimes d’un
“crime contre l’humanité”. En quelque sorte, les tranchées se
transforment subitement en camps d’extermination. On trouve même des
“historiens” pour dénoncer un Etat français prétotalitaire… On
oublie que les poilus étaient des acteurs et pas seulement des
victimes. Et a-t-on jamais vu les victimes d’un génocide rentrer chez
elles pour une permission et revenir au front ensuite?

Tout le monde veut sa part d’horreur! Sans doute parce qu’elle fut
totale… 14-18 marque l’invention de la guerre totale. Et l’un des
critères de la guerre totale, c’est la rupture de la barrière
d’étanchéité entre population en armes et population civile. Il faut
distinguer quatre phases. D’abord, les grandes invasions de l’été
1914, qui se traduisent par des massacres de masse immédiats, en
Belgique et dans le nord de la France, en Prusse-Orientale, en
Serbie. Puis la phase des tranchées, véritables murailles en creux,
qui contribue à “essentialiser” l’ennemi: derrière la tranchée
adverse, il n’y a plus seulement des soldats, mais l’ennemi tout
entier. D’où le recours aux bombardements stratégiques: on considère
comme légitime de frapper, sans bénéfice militaire, des populations
civiles. La totalité de la population adverse est devenue l’ennemi,
et c’est un phénomène absolument nouveau dans l’histoire militaire
occidentale moderne. La Seconde Guerre mondiale ne fera que prolonger
cette vision en radicalisant encore la violence. Ensuite, le lien
entre le fait guerrier et l’extermination totale d’une population
perçue comme une cinquième colonne, devant être éliminée, qui culmine
avec le génocide des Arméniens. C’est un fait indiscutable et un legs
dont la dimension “performative” est très importante. Hitler avait
parfaitement souvenance non seulement de l’extermination des
Arméniens, mais aussi du silence qui l’avait entourée, lui qui
déclarera: “Qui, après tout, parle de l’anéantissement des
Arméniens?” Enfin, il y a des formes de violence complètement
anomiques, particulièrement celles des soldats démobilisés. On les
connaît moins, mais le cas de l’autodémobilisation de l’armée russe à
l’automne 1917, qui voit 1 million de soldats rentrer chez eux, ne
doit pas être oublié. En quelques semaines, les “capotes grises”
massacrent leurs officiers, puis ravagent tout sur leur passage en
s’en prenant, dans les villes, tout spécialement aux juifs. Cette
autodémobilisation ne se fait donc pas dans le refus de la violence;
elle en constitue au contraire une surrection radicalisée.

Et l’antisémitisme allemand? Il puise beaucoup dans la Grande Guerre.
Dans une Allemagne considérée souvent comme moins antisémite que la
France en 1914, une enquête est lancée à la fin de 1916 pour établir
le degré de présence au front des juifs allemands. Bien qu’elle ait
prouvé que le patriotisme des juifs était sans faille, elle ne fut
pas publiée, accréditant la conclusion inverse. Puis, après novembre
1918, l’antisémitisme apparaît comme le produit de la défaite
refusée, défaite prétendument provoquée par le “coup de poignard dans
le dos” des communistes et des socialistes, eux-mêmes assimilés aux
juifs. C’est là que s’établit le lien avec la Shoah. Car,
fondamentalement, le nazisme est une liturgie de la Grande Guerre
recommencée, la référence constante de Hitler. Le legs
éliminationniste à l’égard des juifs appartient au bilan de la
Première Guerre mondiale.

On parle toujours de l’Europe, mais la Grande Guerre a aussi
contribué à redessiner la carte du reste du monde. Songez aux
dominions de l’Empire britannique: Australie, Nouvelle-Zélande,
Afrique du Sud, Canada. 14-18 constitue véritablement l’acte de
naissance de ces pays, qui gagnent leur identité nationale à
l’occasion de la terrible saignée à laquelle ils consentent.

Et c’est la montée en force des Etats-Unis… A dire vrai, les
Etats-Unis sont déjà la première puissance économique du monde avant
1914. Mais, militairement, ils ne représentent encore rien. Les 2
millions de soldats américains qui sont en France à la fin de 1918
sont équipés et formés par les Français et les Britanniques – la
différence est énorme avec le débarquement de 1944. Mais, en se
battant aussi vaillamment que les Français et les Britanniques aux
premiers jours du conflit, tandis que ces derniers ont quatre ans de
tranchées derrière eux, ils marquent leur différence. Opposés à des
Allemands fourbus, épuisés eux aussi par des années de combat, ils
obtiennent des résultats étonnants. La relative facilité des succès
américains, dans la phase finale de la guerre, a joué un rôle
considérable dans l’American self-esteem. Lorsque le président Wilson
arrive à Paris en décembre 1918, il bénéficie d’un triomphe public.
L’exemplarité, la conception morale, la dimension de croisade, qui
caractérisent l’idéologie américaine jusqu’à nos jours, trouvent
largement leur source dans la Première Guerre mondiale. C’est, pour
l’Amérique, le modèle même de la guerre juste (les Etats-Unis
n’étaient d’ailleurs pas alliés, mais “associés” à la France et à la
Grande-Bretagne). Ils prétendaient ne vouloir tirer aucun bénéfice de
cette opération prétendument désintéressée, menée pour le bien de
l’humanité.

Diriez-vous que les choses ont bien changé? L’Occident est porteur
d’un modèle de guerre d’une très grande violence. Or, après 1945, il
ne s’est plus appliqué cette violence à lui-même; ils l’a
externalisée, en Corée, en Algérie, au Vietnam, en Irak… D’où notre
fallacieux sentiment de déprise de la guerre. Il nous semble qu’un
conflit ne peut plus survenir au sein même de l’aire occidentale. Du
coup, nous déréalisons l’expérience de guerre et nous ne comprenons
pas son retour sous d’autres formes, comme celle du terrorisme, par
exemple, qui nous paraît d’une totale illégitimité. Nous ne voulons
pas admettre qu’il s’agit là d’une autre forme de confrontation que
celle dont notre modèle guerrier est porteur. C’est là, à mon avis,
que nous sommes désormais loin, très loin, de la Grande Guerre.

–Boundary_(ID_FKG/XJq00HEH2qM+BdnzmQ)–

KurdishMedia: Minorities comment on ‘Report on Minorities’

KurdishMedia, UK
Nov. 5, 2004

Minorities comment on ‘Report on Minorities’

05/11/2004 Bianet.org

Members of Turkey’s minority groups denounce violent reactions against
the Prime Ministry’s working group on “Rights of Minorities”. Lawyer
Bakar calls for full implementation of Laussane Treaty, while Alevite
researcher Sener welcomes the debate.

BIA (Istanbul) – Individuals from minority groups denounce attacks
against the controversial Report on “Minority Rights and Cultural
Rights’ drafted by the Minority Rights and Cultural Rights Study Group
of the Prime Ministry’s Advisory Board for Human Rights.

The group’s groundbreaking proposals challenging the present
established concept of Turkish citizenry what excludes recognition of
ethnic minorities other than non-Muslim religious minorities, arouses
angry reactions by nationalist circles.

The group’s spokesperson Prof. Ibrahim Kabaoglu, and Prof. Baskin Oran,
author of the draft report are publicly charged as `separatists’ by
their critics for having proposed recognition of various ethnic
identities under the super-identity of `Citizen of Turkey’ rather more
than `Turkish Citizen’

Members of Turkey’s various ethnic communities expressed their opinions
to bianet on the ongoing controversy.

Lawyer Diran Bakar, an ethnic Armenian from Istanbul, said their views
on the Minority Report was generally positive but added they were
disturbed by the fact that the report did not refer to the minority
articles in the Lausanne Peace Treaty.

1924 Lausanne Peace Treaty signed between Turkey and the Allies of the
1st World War recognizes the rights of non-Turkish speaking `Trukish
nationals’ as well as non-Muslim religious communities.

Alavite researcher-writer Cemal Sener said the report should not be
attacked so harshly no matter what. “I do not agree with everything in
the report either,” said Sener. “But there is no reason for attacking
it like that.”

Hrant Dink, editor in chief of the bi-lingual (Armenian-Turkish) Agos
weekly said the report was not actually a “minority” report, but
instead, a “Turkey” report. According to Dink, the report depicts an
accurate picture of Turkey.

Cumhur Bal, the secretary-general of the Circassian Federation, said
they voted for the Minority Report as members of the Prime Ministry
Human Rights Advisory Board.

“Articles of Lausanne should be implemented”

Lawyer Diran Bakar said the Report on Minorities should have referred
to the articles of the Lausanne Agreement. Bakar added that although
they did not individually have any complaints about their life in
Turkey, the memories of past incidents, the incidents of September 6-7,
1957 were still fresh. Bakar complained that the institutions belonging
to his community were still under pressure. They were still barred from
ecclesiastic training, or from opening up schools or hospitals.

Sener: The report was not strongly defended

Alavite researcher-writer Cemal Sener is of the opinion that even Prof.
Dr. Ibrahim Kabaloglu, the head of the commission, could not defend his
own report properly against attacks. Sener said:

* Due to political implications of the concept `minority’ the Alavites
are uncomfortable of being categorized as a `minority’. In Turkey
claiming minority status is almost regarded as opposing the secular
republic. Yet, Alavites have always supported the secular republic as
opposed to Sharia, caliphate, Ottoman monarchy and the like.

* The concept “minorities” is usually used to define non-Muslims.
Alavites were not regarded as minorities during the Ottoman rule
because they were Muslims. They could neither benefit from the majority
rights, nor those of the minorities. The situation continued after the
establishment of the Turkish Republic. There is no mention of a
legitimate Alavite religion in any formal document. Alavites were first
mentioned in the EU Progress Report and the Prime Ministry Human Rights
Advisory Board’s report. It is positive that it is being discussed,
instead of being ignored.”

“The essence of the report is the essence of Turkey”

Hrant Dink is of the opinion that those who drafted the Minority Report
should be congratulated. Denouncing the ultra-nationalist member of the
group who tore the report to protest its content during a press
conference Dink said: `Maybe a copy of the report had been torn down.
But the essence of the report is the essence of Turkey and the reality
remains there.’

Dink continued as follows:

* The understanding of “minorities” in Turkey is different from the
understanding of “minorities” in Western democracies.

* The concept “minority” in Turkey is moulded with security concerns.
“This is an inferior notion, an inferior status, and so we cannot be
minorities.” However, there are minorities in this country even if they
are regarded as inferior or second-class. And I am one of them.

* In the same way the state looks at non-Muslims as a security problem,
but I feel insecure of my own future.

Cumhur Bal said they did not approve the behavior of the public workers
union Kamu-Sen representative, who tore the report during the press
conference. “This report was voted on and accepted. He may not agree
with the report, but he doesn’t have the right to act violently.”
(NS/BB/YE)

BIA News Center
05/11/2004

NATO not to create bases in Azerbaijan

ITAR-TASS, Russia
Nov. 5, 2004

NATO not to create bases in Azerbaijan

BAKU, November 5 (Itar-Tass) – NATO will not participate directly in
the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, NATO Secretary-General
Jaap de Hoop Scheffer said at a press conference here, ending his visit
to Azerbaijan. He stressed that it is the OSCE Minsk Group for
Nagorno-Karabakh, which is handling the problem and trying to find an
effective way of settling it.

According to Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, at present NATO cannot make a
contribution to the settlement of the conflict, but it is going to
support any efforts aimed at establishing peace.

He stressed that the NATO countries respected the territorial integrity
of Azerbaijan, and added that he would welcome the early settlement of
the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, which has brought a lot of suffering to
people.

Jaap de Hoop Scheffer described his visit to Azerbaijan as extremely
useful. According to his information, he had a long tete-a-tete meeting
with Azerbaijani President Ilkham Aliyev.

He said he had met as well members of the commission working on the
plan of individual cooperation between Azerbaijan and NATO, which, in
his opinion, is a major step forward on the way of the development of
NATO-Azerbaijan cooperation. The work on the plan will be continued
both in Azerbaijan and in the NATO headquarters, with a view to giving
a final touch to the document.

Scheffer said he had discussed with Azerbaijani officials ways of
developing cooperation in various spheres, ranging from the Silk Way
project to cooperation in the sphere of science and ecology. He is
positive the foundation for closer cooperation between Azerbaijan and
NATO has been created already.

Responding to questions of journalists, Scheffer said that NATO was not
planning to create military bases on the territory of Azerbaijan.

Commenting on a possibility of the financing by NATO of military
reforms in Azerbaijan, Scheffer said NATO could not do that. `NATO
renders assistance to military reforms within the framework of the
Partnership For Peace programme,’ he said.

After the press conference was over, the NATO Secretary-General left
for Yerevan.

NATO chief meets with Georgian leader during Caucasus tour

Agence France Presse
Nov. 4, 2004

NATO chief meets with Georgian leader during Caucasus tour

TBILISI (AFP) Nov 04, 2004

NATO chief Jaap de Hoop Scheffer Thursday met with Georgian President
Mikhail Saakashvili, the youthful leader of the strategic former Soviet
republic in the Caucasus who has vowed to join the alliance within four
years.
De Hoop Scheffer’s visit is part of a Caucasus tour and comes days
after the North Atlantic Treaty Organization decided to extend an
Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP) to the country.

“NATO values highly the efforts by Georgia’s people and leadership to
intergrate the the country into the alliance,” de Hoop Scheffer said at
a briefing following the meeting.

“I am a realist and an optimist,” he said. “As a realist, I dont’ want
to talk about (specific) dates. I know that Georgia has a long way to
go to join

“As an optimist, I am certain that all efforts by Georgia’s leadership
will be aimed at doing everything to join the alliance,” he said.

Saakashvili, for his part, said he was certain that “Georgia can join
NATO much sooner than many think.”

“It’s possible this will happen while I am still in office,” said the
36-year-old who was elected Georgia’s president for five years in
January 2004.

Saakashvili, a US-educated lawyer, has repeatedly vowed to turn
westward his small country that lies in what has traditionally been
considered Russia’s sphere of influence, the Caucasus.

The adoption of the IPAP shows that “Georgia has entered the final
stretch of joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization,” Irakly
Aladashvili, a military analyst in Tbilisi, told AFP.

“We have actively conducted reforms according to NATO standards,”
Defense Minister Georgy Baramidze said Wednesday.

Georgia, a nation of less than five million people nestled in the
Caucausus mountains, treads a delicate line with its NATO ambitions —
Moscow has been the traditional power broker in the region and is wary
of pro-Western Saakashvili.

Washington has been vying with Russia for influence over Georgia that
hosts a vital oil pipeline due to take Caspian Sea oil to Western
markets.

NATO spread up to the borders of Russia earlier this year when it
admitted the former Soviet republics in the Baltics and the Kremlin
frowns upon the alliance reaching its southern border as well.

Saakashvili has repeatedly sought to reassure Kremlin concerns,
insisting that Georgia will not play host to foreign bases even in the
event it does join NATO.

“NATO integration does not mean that we will have to host foreign
military bases on Georgian territory,” he said last week.

“We are surprised the sensitive reaction in Russia to Georgia’s aim to
be closer to the European Union and NATO,” Nino Burjanadze, speaker of
parliament, said while on a visit to Moscow last week.

“Our aim is membership in the EU and NATO, but not to the detriment of
Russia,” she said.

The question of military bases has a special resonance with Tbilisi, as
Russia still has two bases on Georgian territory from Soviet times.

Although it has agreed to vacate the installations, Moscow has dragged
its feet, saying the logistics of withdrawal could take up to 10 years.

“The question of Georgian integration into NATO is all the more
important in light of relations between Russia and Georgia,” said
Irakly Aladashvili, an analyst.

“First of all, Georgian adhesion to… NATO means the inevitability
that Russia will have to withdraw its bases,” he explained.

De Hoop Scheffer was due to fly out to Azerbaijan late Thursday, where
he was to hold talks with President Ilham Aliyev, before traveling on
to Armenia on Friday afternoon.

Drama Beast on the Moon Aiming for Broadway with Zorich and Metwally

Playbill.com, NY
Nov. 3, 2004

Award-Winning Drama Beast on the Moon Aiming for Broadway with Zorich
and Metwally
By Kenneth Jones

Producers of the developing New York production of Richard Kalinoski’s
Beast on the Moon are now aiming the work – a sensation in resident
theatres around the world – at Broadway in 2005 rather than the
previously-announced Off-Broadway.

The American play, about Armenian immigrants still dealing with the
shadows of the 1915 Armenian genocide – even as they face hope and
opportunity in their new home in Milwaukee – “is an absolutely
universal tale of love as a healing tool in the aftermath of wartime
loss,” according to producer David Grillo of Stillwater Productions.

The producer and partners are working toward a Broadway production in
2005, with Tony Award nominee Louis Zorich (Hadrian VII, Agamemnon, 45
Seconds From Broadway, Follies, She Loves Me) and Tony Award nominee
Omar Metwally (Sixteen Wounded) attached. Larry Moss (The Syringa Tree)
directs.

Three workshop presentations will be heard Nov. 11-12 in Manhattan. The
play – honored by the American Theatre Critics Association in 1996 –
has been performed in 16 nations, translated into 11 languages, and won
more than 40 awards around the world.

The work is billed as “a love story, and an American immigrant story,
whose two central characters are survivors of the Armenian Genocide of
1915.”

Members of the theatre industry can get more information about Beast on
the Moon by calling Stillwater Productions at (212) 541-4502.

*

Kalinoski’s play debuted in 1995 at the Humana Festival of New American
Plays at Actors Theatre of Louisville. The intimate four-actor show
later blossomed in American regional theatres, from Los Angeles to
Boston, and then around the world.

The play received the 1996 Osborn Award from the American Theatre
Critics Association, recognizing an emerging playwright.

Playwright Kalinoski is a college professor at the University of
Wisconsin, Osh Kosh, where he teaches in the Theatre Arts department.

David Grillo, an actor who appeared in a 1999 Boston production of the
play, is to be lead producer for the commercial Off-Broadway stand.

The title, Beast on the Moon, refers to an ominous lunar eclipse.

“So much appeals to me about Beast that it is hard to find a place to
begin,” producer Grillo previously told Playbill On-Line. “It is an
extraordinarily challenging drama with a surprising number of
well-earned laughs. The play takes its audiences through an emotional
cataclysm and delivers them, at its finish, to joyful redemption. I
don’t like plays that ask me to jump through emotional hoops and then
leave me beaten up by the side of the road. Beast is redemptive. The
journey is hard, but one for which the audience is enormously grateful.
Also very important for me right now is that Beast on the Moon is a
play about Muslim/Christian relations that stresses healing.”

Beast on the Moon is a four-actor romance about two survivors – Aram
and Seta, a young man and his mail order bride – who settle in
Milwaukee between the World Wars (spanning 12 years) and seek to start
a family in the wake of the genocide of their past. They end up taking
an orphan under their wing. A aged narrator provides context.

Producer Grillo has two degrees from the University of California at
Berkeley, in Economics and Dramatic Arts, plus a masters in fine arts
in acting from the Yale School of Drama.

In 2003, Grillo acquired the rights to produce the play in New York,
after 10 months of negotiations. This is the first time the playwright
has granted the New York rights.

Vardashen Prison Brought in Compliance with European Standards

ArmenPress
Nov. 1, 2004

VARDASHEN PRISON BROUGHT IN COMPLIANCE WITH EUROPEAN STANDARDS, JUSTICE
MINISTER SAYS
YEREVAN, NOVEMBER 1, ARMENPRESS: The Vardashen prison in a Yerevan
outskirts, called in official documents “criminal-executive
institution” has undergone an extensive overhaul and now complies with
European standards. The Vardashen prison is for former law enforcement
bodies, sentenced to various terms for different crimes.
Armenian justice minister Davit Harutunian visited the prison last
Friday and expressed his satisfaction with the completed work. He said
it was the first time ever such a massive work was conducted to meet
international standards as required by the Council of Europe.
The minister said different regimes will be established in the
prison-so-called open, semi-open, close and semi-closed. The semi-open
regime, for example, allows the convicts to have the opportunity to
freely move within the prison during the whole day.
Restrictions are harsher in close and semi-close regimes. The
convicts have the right to move only at certain hours. At present, the
criminal-executive institution of Artik is also undergoing a
reconstruction. Harutunian said conditions must be established in order
to keep the “mind and the hands of convicts busy” as the work therapy
is part of the rehabilitation.

Boston Early Music Festival Draws Crowds

Harvard Crimson
29 Oct. 2004

Boston Early Music Festival Draws Crowds
Year-long series features groups from around world

By YAN ZHAO
Contributing Writer

Outside of a group of devoted fans of early music—a genre that
encompasses all European musical production between the 15th and 18th
centuries—most Bostonians probably fail to realize that they inhabit
not only the early music capital of America, but also one of the early
music centers of the world. They may have heard of the venerable Boston
Early Music Festival (BEMF), but probably don’t realize it is the only
early music festival in America, as well as the largest and most
elaborate celebration of its kind in the world.

In fact, BEMF’s popular concert series, an annual string of eight to
twelve concerts, draws over 6,000 audience members, and the biennial
festival and exhibition has more than 12,500 participants and thousands
of fans. This year, the first concert of the season sold out more than
a week in advance.

Kathleen Fay, the executive director of BEMF, attributes much of the
success to the city’s unusually active musical community.

“At Boston, you can’t help but become immersed in early music if you’re
a serious classical music lover,” says Fay. “We’re the world’s center
for early music both because of this organization and the number of
excellent performing groups and organizations that have concentrated
around here.”

Early music draws classical, folk, opera, and choral music lovers, all
of which Boston has in abundance.

BEMF was founded in 1980, according to Fay, by “leading practitioners
of early music performance with a mission to promote and conserve the
genre.” For years, it worked in collaboration with its sister festival
in Berkeley and a smaller festival in San Antonio to bring early music
to different areas of America.

But when both of the other two festivals disbanded, Boston became the
primary center of early music in America. Now, BEMF grows more and more
comprehensive and famous each year.

“Our festival audience members now come from all over the world,” says
Fay. “Once we did a survey and learned that 7 percent of our audience
during festival week was from outside the country.”

Fay also notes the festival’s strong international radio presence, much
of which has arisen from its relationship with Boston radio station
WGBH. The station records BEMF performances and broadcasts them
nationwide on National Public Radio, in addition to Britain’s BBC and
Canada’s CBC.

The featured artists also give the festival a distinct international
flavor. The first concert in this year’s concert series was given on
Oct. 16 by a viol consort from England. Over Thanksgiving weekend,
Venice Baroque Orchestra will perform. Later, other artists from such
varied countries as Canada, Germany and Russia will participate in the
series.

Fay usually decides the year’s concert programs herself. “I’ve always
wanted to do so much more than we have the time or money for,” she
said. “It’s hard because in any given season, there are more than 50
top quality groups touring so I have to fit in what I can, like a
jig-saw puzzle.”

Although such activities do pose a significant challenge, Fay says that
the most difficult part of her job is fundraising.

“The budget for a biennial festival is about $2.5 million. The opera is
just about $1 million, about $950,000,” she says. “About half of your
budget is made up of ticket sales…so just imagine the amount of money
that needs to be raised, and 90% of that will be from individual
giving.” Still, Fay says the results are often pleasantly surprising.

“It’s staggering how generous people are and can be when they love
something,” she says. “This is hard work but it’s a labor of love; you
really have to believe in it.”

Fay moved to Boston in 1984 to study music and started working for BEMF
in 1985 as an usher. She moved to the role of assistant to the
director, then general manager and finally executive director in 1991.
As a result, she has watched the organization grow and the early music
scene change drastically.

On top of the concert series, another challenge is putting on the
biennial festival itself. Its central component is the production and
performance of a rare baroque opera masterpiece.

In most years, the opera is an old one that has not been performed for
hundreds of years. But in June 2005, BEMF will present the world
premiere of a recently rediscovered opera, Boris Goudenow by Johann
Mattheson.

The opera was written in 1710 but never produced in the composer’s
lifetime. It was kept in the Hamburg Library until World War II, when
the score, along with many others, disappeared (apparently hidden from
anticipated bombing raids).

“After the war, Boris landed in Soviet hands and was eventually
transferred to Armenia by a scholar interested in the works of
Mattheson,” says artistic director Paul O’Dette. “The score was
‘discovered’ in an Armenian archive and then returned to Hamburg in
1998.”

The BEMF was contacted and offered the world premiere rights of the
opera, says Fay. “We then traveled to Germany where we got to see and
touch the original score. We also went to Russia where we auditioned
Russian opera singers, since the story is Russian, though the composer
was German.”

After the gigantic task of picking an opera comes the even bigger task
of producing it. “There are generally 150 costumes per opera, plus very
demanding sets,” Fay says. “But that’s what I love the most about my
job: the production, development, and realization of the opera. It’s
incredibly rewarding.”

Besides the June extravaganza, there are a number of concerts and
events throughout the year, including performances by the famous choral
groups Tallis Scholars on Dec. 11, and the Hilliard Ensemble on March
6.

“I’m personally very excited about our Feb. 4 concert, which will be
held in Sanders Theatre,” says Fay. “Hopefully we will be using
Harvard’s fortepiano and one of Harvard’s professors will give a
pre-concert lecture.”

Fay also praises the contributions the University has made to the
festival. “We definitely love working with Harvard,” she says. “It’s a
great resource for us.”

–Boundary_(ID_VTOB91sbfRwHXDgeA0W25w)–

ASBAREZ ONLINE [10-28-2004]

ASBAREZ ONLINE
TOP STORIES
10/28/2004
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WEBSITE AT <;HTTP://

1) “Kef For Kerry” Concert Tour Rallies South Florida for Democratic Nominee
2) Four Unrecognized Republics to Hold Exercises in S. Ossetia
3) Livingston: Kerry Tied up with ‘Armenian Genocide’ Statements
4) UN Panel Recommends Debate on Occupied Azeri Lands
5) Greece Refuses to Cede Any Sovereignty to Turkey
6) International Forum on Armenian Farming, Agribusiness
7) MPs Forced to Learn Armenian Anthem
8) llham Aliyev Ends Checkered Year As President on Wednesday
9) AzerbaijanForBush.com

1) “Kef For Kerry” Concert Tour Rallies South Florida for Democratic Nominee

–MA State Rep. Peter Koutoujian; Gwen Graham Among Special Guests
–Sen. Graham Set to Cosponsor Genocide Resolution (S.Res.164)

FORT LAUDERDALE–Over 200 Armenian Americans from South Florida’s Tri-County
area (Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties) donned “Armenians for Kerry” and
“Armenstock 2004” t-shirts and danced the evening away at the Las Olas
Riverfront Sunday, in support of John Kerry’s presidential bid, reported the
Armenian National Committee of Florida.
The concert, organized as part of the nationwide “Kef for Kerry Tour of
Battleground States,” featured the Cascade Folk Trio and included special
guests–Massachusetts State Representative Peter Koutoujian, Gwen Graham,
daughter of US Senator Bob Graham (D-FL) representing the Kerry/Edwards
Campaign, and ANCA Government Affairs Director Abraham Niziblian.
Between musical sets, Gwen Graham reminded the attendees about the Democratic
Presidential candidate’s strong record on Armenian American concerns and
read a
special message from Sen. Kerry to the Florida Armenian community. In the
letter, Sen. Kerry restated his commitment to proper recognition of the
Armenian Genocide. “I want to assure you, as President, I will continue to
fight against denial of the Armenian Genocide,” explained Sen. Kerry.
Following cheers from the crowd, Graham went a step further to announce that
her father, Sen. Bob Graham, has also pledged to co-sponsor the Genocide
resolution, S.Res.164, making him the first Florida Senator to support a
similar initiative. Introduced by Senators John Ensign (R-NV) and Jon Corzine
(D-NJ), S.Res.164 marks the 15th anniversary of the US implementation of the
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. With the
addition of Sen. Graham, the legislation will have 41 cosponsors.
State Representative Peter Koutoujian (D-MA) electrified the crowd, making a
compelling case for Armenian-Americans and all Americans to cast their vote
for
the Kerry/Edwards ticket. “John Kerry has been a true friend to
Armenian-Americans. Whether it has been fighting for recognition of the
Armenian Genocide or providing for Karabagh’s security, Senator Kerry deserves
our vote based on his impeccable record,” said Koutoujian. He charismatically
emphasized the importance of voting and especially voting for Senator John
Kerry, whose twenty years of support for Armenian issues earned him an
unequivocal endorsement from the Armenian National Committee of America.
“On behalf of the Florida Armenian community, we would like to thank Sen.
Graham for his principled stand in support of the Genocide resolution,” stated
ANC of Florida Chairman Bedo Der-Bedrossian. “As we approach the 90th
anniversary of the Armenian genocide, we look forward to working with the
Florida Senate and House delegation in the 109th Congress to ensure proper US
reaffirmation of this crime against humanity. We also greatly appreciate
Representative Koutoujian’s participation in our Kef for Kerry event. During
his two day stay dedicated to rallying Armenian-Americans behind John
Kerry, he
has attended numerous community events and significantly strengthened the ANC
of South Florida’s effort to get out the Armenian vote.”
Community support for the evening was tremendous, primarily due to a
far-reaching internet and e-mail campaign and traditional canvassing by
Florida
ANC activists. Armenian Americans throughout South Florida, both active and
new
to community affairs, attended the gathering. “I am very happy you found my
name,” said Florida Atlantic University student Karina Azrumova.
“We were thrilled by the turnout of this wonderful event and look forward to
expanding our outreach to all facets of the Florida Armenian community as we
work to advance the issues of concern dear to our hearts,” concluded Bedo
Der-Bedrossian.
Billed as the Armenian version of Bruce Springsteen’s “Vote for Change” tour,
the “Kef for Kerry Tour of Battleground States” visited Wisconsin, Michigan,
Florida, and Pennsylvania during the final three weeks of October. Modeled
after Armenstock 2004, each stop on the tour combines a single musical
performance with a political program designed to generate enthusiasm among
young activists and bring in hundreds of new fellow passengers onto the
Armenians for Kerry bandwagon. The battleground states chosen for the Tour
have
sizable Armenian communities and are expected to play a pivotal role in the
outcome of the presidential election this year. For more information about the
Kef for Kerry Tour of Battleground States, visit:
The Kef for Kerry tour is made possible by a generous contribution from Dr.
Carolann and K. George Najarian.

2) Four Unrecognized Republics to Hold Exercises in S. Ossetia

MOSCOW (Interfax)–The Defense Ministries of four unrecognized
republics–Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Mountainous Karabagh and
Transdniestria–will hold joint military exercises before the end of the year,
a source in the Abkhaz Defense Ministry told Interfax on Thursday.
“Task groups from the defense ministries will hold joint training for
response
to armed incursions before the end of this year,” the source said.
“All these republics do not rule out that the armed forces of countries to
which our republics used to belong may try to restore control by force. The
most apparent danger exists for South Ossetia and Abkhazia,” he said.
South Ossetia and Abkhazia are legally provinces of Georgia, but conflicts in
the 1990s led to their de facto independence. Azerbaijan lost control of
Mountainous Karabagh, and Moldova lost control of Transdniestria at
approximately the same time. All of these unrecognized republics are seeking
international recognition, while Tbilisi, Baku, and Chisinau are stepping up
efforts to restore control over their breakaway provinces.

3) Livingston: Kerry Tied up with ‘Armenian Genocide’ Statements

WASHINGTON, DC (Zaman)–According to the Turkish newspaper Zaman Daily, a
founding partner of the firm that officially lobbies in Washington on
behalf of
the Turkish government remarked that Democratic presidential candidate Kerry
has entrapped himself with his statements on the Armenian genocide
“I am afraid that if Kerry is elected president, there may be big a change in
American policy on the genocide issue,” Bob Livingston, the chairman of The
Livingston Group is quoted as saying.

4) UN Panel Recommends Debate on Occupied Azeri Lands

YEREVAN (RFE-RL)–A key United Nations committee has backed Azerbaijan’s calls
for the UN General Assembly to discuss the resettlement of Armenian
families on
Armenian-controlled Azerbaijani territories around Mountainous Karabagh.
Meeting in New York on Wednesday, the UN’s General Committee voted to
recommend the inclusion of the issue on the agenda of the assembly’s ongoing
session. The move was demanded by Azerbaijan and strongly backed by
representatives of Muslim nations, including Pakistan and Turkey, which sit on
the panel.
The recommendation was considered to have passed, even though only 9 of
the 28
committee members voted for it, while 14 others, including a US diplomat,
abstained. There were no votes against. The General Assembly now has to decide
whether it wants to consider the issue.
Azerbaijan’s permanent representative to the UN, Yashar Aliyev, reportedly
accused Armenians of building settlements on the occupied lands. “Azerbaijan
will not tolerate colonization of its territory,” he said. Aliyev called for
international pressure on Armenia which he said is keen to change “the
demographic situation” in the zone of the Mountainous Karabagh conflict.
Aliyev’s Armenian counterpart Armen Martirosian, opposed a debate on the
issue
and denied the existence of an Armenian policy of resettlement. A French
member
of the UN committee, speaking on behalf of the French, Russian, and US
co-chairs of the Minsk Group, also spoke out against raising the issue with
the
General Assembly, warning of “negative consequences” for the peace process.
“We state once again that there is no official policy of resettlement,” the
spokesman for the Armenian Foreign Ministry, Hamlet Gasparian, said in a
statement earlier on Wednesday. He accused Baku of seeking to deflect
international attention from Karabagh’s future status.
Continued Armenian control of Lachin seems to have been upheld by all peace
proposals put forward by the mediators over the past decade.

5) Greece Refuses to Cede Any Sovereignty to Turkey

ATHENS (AFP)–Greece said on Wednesday it would not even slightly cede its
sovereignty to Turkey, after accusing Ankara of almost daily violations of its
air and maritime space in the past few days.
“Turkey has its own positions and we stand by our own. We are not going to
give up a centimeter of our sovereign rights,” deputy government spokesman
Evangelos Antonaros told a news conference in Athens.
The Greek military authorities on Wednesday reported new Turkish
violations on
Greek airspace in the Aegean Sea.
“Thirteen violations of Greek airspace took place on Wednesday, while three
clashes (between Greek and Turkish planes) took place near the Greek
islands of
Chios, Lesbos, and Limnos,” military spokesman Constantin Loukopoulos said.
Improved bilateral ties with Greece, a European Union member, is of
particular
importance to EU candidate Turkey as it awaits a crucial December decision
from
Brussels on whether it will be given a date to start full membership talks.
Although strained ties between the two neighbors have improved significantly
since 1999, spats in the Aegean have been frequent for years as Athens and
Ankara remain at loggerheads over territorial and air control rights there.
The Turkish foreign ministry denied Monday the Greek charges, saying that
Turkish ships and planes had been carrying out routine training operations in
the area.
Greece said it supports Turkey’s integration in Europe but has not clarified
if it will come out in favor of Ankara`s EU bid in December.

6) International Forum on Armenian Farming, Agribusiness

YEREVAN (RFE-RL)–Hundreds of Armenian farmers and agribusiness owners joined
experts from 27 countries for an international conference on ways of boosting
Armenia’s struggling agriculture, which began its work in Yerevan on
Thursday.
The opening session of the three-day forum was attended by senior Armenian
officials and representatives of Western donor agencies and other
international
institutions. The latter pledged continued assistance to the sector which
generates at least 20 percent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product.
Liz Grande, the head of the United Nations mission in Yerevan said that
low-income Armenian farmers can hardly boost their productivity without
obtaining machines and other equipment.
According to Zareh Izmirlian of the US-Armenian Technology Group, Armenian
agriculture can not be competitive without the necessary equipment. “Our
overall impression is that Armenian agriculture is not competitive at the
moment,” he said.
At the forum, The World Bank also pledged to continue its financing of the
Armenian government’s irrigation and rural infrastructure projects.
The conference was timed to coincide with an exhibition of various
agricultural products by some 60 Armenian firms. Their owners cited a wide
range of problems hampering further growth of the sector, that has expanded
considerably since the late 1990s.

7) MPs Forced to Learn Armenian Anthem

YEREVAN (RFE/RL)Members of Armenia’s parliament will be obliged to know the
full text of the national anthem by heart under a proposed code of ethics
to be
debated by the National Assembly soon.
The legislation has been drafted by the parliament’s committee on legal
affairs and formally endorsed by the leaders of parliament’s majority.
“I think that the deputies must really know it by heart,” said Mher
Shahgeldian, a senior lawmaker representing the Orinats Yerkir party.
Other majority leaders appeared to speak for many of their colleagues when
they admitted that their knowledge of the anthem’s lyrics leaves much to be
desired. “I don’t know the full text of the state anthem. It’s very difficult
for me learn this anthem,” said Galust Sahakian, the leader of the Republican
Party.
“Nobody has the right to teach anyone something by law,” Sahakian complained
before assuring reporters that he will try to comply with the measure.
“That’s OK,” said deputy speaker Vahan Hovannisian. “He’ll learn. It’s not
that tough.”
“I knew it even before it was adopted as national anthem,” Hovannisian added,
referring to the Mer Hayrenik (Our Fatherland) song the lyrics of which are
based on a 19th century verse by Mikael Nalbandian, a prominent Armenian
poet.
The song was also the national anthem of the first independent Armenian
republic that existed from 1918-20, which founded and governed by
Hovannisian’s
Armenian Revolutionary Federation party.
The proposed code of ethics, which is meant to prevent deputies from bringing
the assembly into disrepute, has already sparked debate due to some of its
controversial provisions. Under one of those provisions, lawmakers would
not be
allowed to publicly comment on criminal cases before court verdicts.
Sahakian appeared to be unaware of that despite signing the draft code along
with fellow faction leaders recently. “If there is such stupidity [in the
code], I will fight hard against it,” he said. “Deputies must have a right to
make political assessments.”
The parliament’s second vice-speaker, Tigran Torosian, has also expressed
serious misgivings about the bill.

8) llham Aliyev Ends Checkered Year As President on Wednesday

By Jean-Christophe Peuch

On October 31, 2003, 41-year-old Ilham Aliyev formally succeeded his ailing
father as president of the oil-rich Caspian republic of Azerbaijan. While
taking the oath on the Koran and Azerbaijan’s Constitution, Aliyev pledged to
bring his country “peace, order, progress, stability, and economic
prosperity,”
and to pursue a path toward democratic reforms. While Aliyev’s first year in
power has brought some positive changes, he seems unableor unwilling to make a
clean break with his father’s controversial legacy.

PRAGUETo be sure, Ilham Aliyev’s mandate started under unfavorable
circumstances.
The day following his election on October 15, 2003, tens of thousands of
opposition supporters took to the streets of Baku to protest the outcome. The
protesters called the vote fraudulent and claimed that their candidateMusavat
Party leader Isa Qambarhad garnered more votes than any other contender.
At least one person was killed in clashes with police.
In the following weeks, authorities arrested hundreds of opposition
activists,
closed Musavat headquarters, and imposed a ban on antigovernment newspapers.
Restrictions were subsequently eased. The vast majority of detainees were
released after spending a few weeks in jail, where they reportedly endured ill
treatment.
Seven opposition leaders, however, went on trial for allegedly inciting Baku
residents to revolt. On October 22, Azerbaijan’s Court for Serious Crimes
sentenced them to jail terms of up to five years.
International organizations and human rights groups have condemned the ruling
and criticized Azeri authorities for failing to grant the defendants a fair
trial.
For Baku-based political expert Rasim Musabeyov, last week’s ruling is
characteristic of the new regime.
“In this respect, [one sees] little difference between Azerbaijan, Russia, or
Armenia. Yet what is even worse is that [Azerbaijan] starts looking like
[some]
Central [Asian countries]. This is certainly not an innovation brought by the
younger Aliyev,” Musabeyov said. “The existing system largely owes to the
elder
Aliyev. Yet, the big difference [between the two men] is that the elder Aliyev
felt strong and confident enough to put up with a regime of semi-freedom. But
when the younger Aliyev assumed power, the ruling elite became, if not afraid,
at least wary and less prone to tolerate that regime of semi-freedom.” Critics
generally blame Aliyev for not addressing corruption and for failing to bring
new blood into Azerbaijan’s political elite.
As evidence, Musabeyov cites conclusions made by the Freedom House
nongovernmental organization. In its 2004 report on civil liberties worldwide,
the Washington-based group downgraded Azerbaijan to its list of “not free”
nations, down from its previous status of “partly free.”
Not everyone in Azerbaijan believes Aliyev’s human rights record is poorer
than that of his father, however.
Independent expert Sahin Rzayev of the Moscow-based Center for Journalism in
Extreme Situations, said that, despite last week’s court ruling, the past year
has brought some improvements in Azerbaijan’s human rights record.
Rzayev in particular cites Aliyev’s decision to pardon four prominent
political prisoners. Iskander Hamidov, Suret Huseynov, Ilqar Safihanov, and
Alikram Hummatov had been sentenced to between 14 years and life imprisonment
under the elder Aliyev, and the Council of Europe had long pressed for their
release.
“One has to note that Azerbaijan has fulfilled nearly all its obligations
before the Council of Europe with regard to political prisoners,” Rzayev said.
“Some 923 prisoners have been amnestied. Aliyev signed four pardon decrees
and,
with a few exceptions, nearly all the political prisoners listed as such by
human rights groups have been released by now. Some have remained in
Azerbaijan, others have left the country.”
Rzayev also disagrees with the widespread view that Aliyev is less shrewd and
astute than his father. He argues that even after his father’s death last
December, Aliyev has shown enough political clout to survive infighting among
the ruling elite.
“[Aliyev] is surrounded by people with whom he can work and whom he trusts.
Yet, one can feels frictions and disagreements among the ruling elite,” Rzayev
said. “Conventionally speaking, one could say the infighting pits ‘young
reformers’ against ‘old conservatives.’ But it is very difficult to figure out
what is really going on because these things are not debated publicly. These
frictions started already during Heidar Aliyev’s illness, when nobody really
knew what would happen next, and they are more acute now.”
Critics generally blame Aliyev for not addressing corruption and for failing
to bring new blood into Azerbaijan’s political elite. With a few exceptions,
most of Heidar Aliyev’s cabinet ministers have retained their jobs, and
corruption remains rampant among state officials.
Political analyst Musabeyov argues that this is evidence that Aliyev’s
government differs little from that of his father.
“I would say this is a stagnation in Azerbaijan’s life,” Musabeyov said. “The
inertia that used to characterize the final years of the elder Aliyev’s
rule is
continuing under the younger Aliyev.”
Confronted with such criticism, the government has responded by noting
economic improvements over the past year. It claims gross domestic product has
increased in recent months, while inflation has been curbed and thousands of
new jobs created.
But analysts question official figures and say increased national revenues
stem largely from favorable circumstances on the world energy market, not from
real economic growth. Rzayev says that although hydrocarbons account for some
85 percent of Azerbaijan’s export revenues, the recent hike in world oil
prices
has not benefited the country’s impoverished population.
“Unfortunately, this [cash flow] does not reach the population. The
authorities are placing it on a special stabilization fund,” Rzayev said.
“Starting from 1 January, retail prices such as that of gas and other energy
products will increase. I would say that, for the population, things have
deteriorated [compared to the times of Heidar Aliyev]. Life has become even
harder, and people have the right to ask why.”
The government says its oil stabilization fund may be used in the future to
finance social projects and improve the country’s depleted infrastructure. But
with an annual inflation rate estimated at around 20 percent, few in
Azerbaijan
pay attention to the government’s promises.

9) AzerbaijanForBush.com

An independent website created by Azeri-Americans–AzerbaijanForBush.com,
provides a clear look at Azerbaijan’s view on the presidential candidates.
The website comes out in full support of President Bush’s policies, which it
says have supported the independence and security of the Republic of
Azerbaijan.
It says that President Bush’s administration has sought to de-link American
aid to Azerbaijan from aid to Armenia, reflecting a belief that each of
America’s allies should be dealt with on its own merits.
It also reports that “President Bush has worked to abolish US sanctions
against Azerbaijan instigated by the Armenian lobby in 1992. By contrast,
Senator Kerry was a sponsor of that pro-Armenian legislation.”
In its report card comapring President Bush to Senator Kerry, the website
notes that while Bush is not endorsed by any Armenian or pro-Armenian
political
parties, news organizations, or NGOs, Senator Kerry’s campaign is supported by
the Armenian political parties in America, including the ARF, which it calls
“the notorious Armenian Revolutionary Federation historically supporting
terrorism, the Hunchakyan (the Bell),” as well as the Armenian National
Committee of America, calling it the “main Armenian lobby and propaganda
organization.”

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