AW: Dr. Shant Shekherdimian appointed inaugural associate director for healthcare outreach for the Promise Institute

Dr. Shant Shekherdimian

LOS ANGELES, Calif. — Dr. Shant Shekherdimian, a pediatric surgeon at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), has been appointed the inaugural associate director for healthcare outreach at the Promise Armenian Institute (PAI) at UCLA. 

In this role, Dr. Shekherdimian will conduct public health research, develop health-related education and research opportunities for UCLA faculty and students, facilitate healthcare initiatives that involve UCLA and explore alternative models for UCLA Global Health engagement for healthcare improvement in Armenia. In pursuing these activities, Dr. Shekherdimian will serve as a senior advisor to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia.

“Part of the Promise Armenian Institute’s mission is to coordinate interdisciplinary research and public impact programs between UCLA and the Republic of Armenia, and this new position will accomplish just that in the medical and healthcare arena,” said professor Ann Karagozian, inaugural director of the Promise Armenian Institute. “We are grateful to Dr. Shekherdimian for his extraordinary dedication to PAI’s mission and the improvement of healthcare in Armenia.” 

“I am honored to serve as the associate director for healthcare outreach for the Promise Armenian Institute, and very much look forward to supporting and expanding the scope of healthcare-related activities with which UCLA is involved in Armenia,” noted Dr. Shekherdimian. “I am excited for this opportunity to collaborate with UCLA faculty and students, as well as our colleagues in Armenia, to work on developing solutions to some of the challenges Armenia’s healthcare system faces.”

Dr. Shekherdimian is an associate professor of pediatric surgery at UCLA DGSOM. For many years, he has been actively involved in various initiatives in Armenia’s healthcare sector, including efforts to improve post-graduate medical education, introducing quality improvement programs and developing multidisciplinary care teams. 

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent war in Artsakh/Nagorno Karabakh in late 2020, Dr. Shekherdimian has been one of the leads in UCLA’s Operation Armenia, an initiative that provides immediate medical disaster relief and long-term humanitarian aid and infrastructure support to Armenia and Artsakh. While continuing to expand these efforts, the research he will conduct as associate director for healthcare outreach will provide additional insights for the Ministry of Health to help further strengthen the overall healthcare system in Armenia. 

“Dr. Shekherdimian has a proven track record of service in Armenia, and we are very pleased to welcome him in this new capacity as senior advisor,” said Armenia’s Minister of Health Anahit Avanesyan. “Dr. Shekherdimian’s expertise and support are especially welcome now, in view of the strain placed on the healthcare sector of Armenia by the recent war on Nagorno Karabakh/Artsakh and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We look forward to continuing our work with Dr. Shekherdimian and expanding UCLA’s engagement in the improvement of Armenia’s healthcare sector.” 

“We are continuously working to engage and attract highly qualified diaspora specialists to work in Armenian state institutions. The appointment of Dr. Shekherdimian as a senior advisor to the Minister of Health is an important step in an ongoing partnership with the Ministry of Health, and what we hope will be a fruitful initiative to attract more qualified specialists to high-ranking positions in various ministries and state institutions. We are grateful to the Promise Armenian Institute at UCLA for its partnership and commitment to the improvement and development of the Armenian public sector,” stated High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs Zareh Sinanyan.

The Promise Armenian Institute (PAI) was established at UCLA in late 2019 as a hub for world-class research and teaching on Armenian Studies and for coordinating Interdisciplinary Research and Public Impact Programs across UCLA, and with the Republic of Armenia and the Armenian Diaspora.




ANCA-ER workshop focuses on traditional and social media

ANCA-ER virtual advocacy workshop on traditional and social media, August 30, 2021

When we think about communication and social media, we think about sharing a graphic on Instagram, creating a Facebook event, or reading an article in the Armenian Weekly. But when it comes to the work of the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA), communication is much more than just sharing a message. It’s about inspiring youth, affecting legislation and paving the way for Hai Tahd.

On Monday night, the ANCA-ER hosted one of its most important workshops yet – Traditional and Social Media. We have all witnessed the importance of communication, especially during this past year, and we had four incredible individuals explain the important role media and communication play in the Hai Tahd movement and how we can be more effective in our advocacy work. 

ANCA communications director Elizabeth Chouldjian started off the workshop by stressing the vital role of communication in our advocacy efforts. Simply put, it’s to “Educate, Motivate and Activate.” Communication can be used to educate our youth, our government officials and the non-Armenian community. It can be used to motivate government officials to support legislation and motivate the Armenian community to take action. Chouldjian talked about all the different outlets we have for communication including direct and indirect communication with our community, grassroots advocacy and regional media. 

Another area where communication should play a key role is event planning. Coverage of your event adds reach for the work you are doing both within our community and to the officials we are trying to influence. Whatever you are doing, whether it’s working at an office, organizing a community event, or working on a project on the local level, make sure to include communication in your planning and organization.

Pauline Getzoyan, editor of the Armenian Weekly, talked about traditional media. She highlighted all the sections the Armenian Weekly has been covering for the past 87 years and emphasized that the Weekly is OUR outlet. It serves a community to carry on a tradition. Getzoyan, and all the speakers noted, if you ever want to contribute, you can reach out to anyone on the Weekly team, and they will be more than happy to help you with your idea.

ANCA Programs Director Alex Manoukian discussed the importance of social media. He highlighted two key factors when approaching social media: brand and audience. Manoukian also highlighted some social media tips.

  • Make sure you have a brand voice and tone. Figure out what you want to say and how you want to say it.
  • Be authentic and genuine. Know what you stand for and what you represent.
  • Be professional and have integrity.  
  • Know your target audience. What do they like to see? Check analytics and insight to see what posts your followers engage with most.
  • Consistency is key.

Finally, ANCA IT Director Nerses Semerjian highlighted three key programs the ANCA uses to communicate not only to government officials, but to Armenian community members. 

  1. March to Justice: ANCA’s online advocacy tool where you can share your views with key decision-makers on issues such as aid to Artsakh and stopping US military aid to Azerbaijan. Then use social media or email to urge friends and family to take action as well. You can even keep track of your steps in our global March to Justice.
  2. FrontRunner: By signing up, you will receive an ANCA text message on the day or days of your choice with a link to three of our highest-priority social media posts that you can choose to share online. 
  3. Rapid Responder: This is the easiest way you can contribute to the Hai Tahd movement. All you do is fill out your information, click “next” and by signing up you allow the ANCA to automatically send pre-written letters on your behalf to your legislators. ANCA will always forward you a copy of the letter sent on your behalf. ANCA is doing all the work for you!

One important point all the speakers highlighted is that they are here for you. If you want to get the word out about an event, if you want to contact your representative, or write a press release, you have so many resources available to you. Never hesitate to reach out to any of these individuals because we all have the same goal in mind, and we must work together and collaborate as much as we can in order to achieve this goal. 

Make sure you check out these amazing informative workshops hosted by powerhouses in the ANCA community. The next workshop will be taking place on September 13 at 8 pm EST covering the topic of “Organizing Events.” First time participants must register in advance.




In Memory of George A. Bournoutian, PhD

George A. Bournoutian, PhD (1943-2021)

Since word spread of Prof. George Bournoutian’s passing on August 22, there have been many tributes in his memory, and the Armenian Weekly joins in mourning the loss of this prolific and esteemed scholar.

Bournoutian was born and raised in Isfahan, Iran and immigrated to the United States in 1964. Multilingual, he was fluent in Armenian, Persian, Russian and Polish, and had a reading command of French. He attended UCLA and received his MA in 1971 and PhD in history in 1976 with his dissertation on Eastern Armenia on the eve of the Russian conquest.

Bournoutian taught Iranian history at UCLA and Armenian history at Columbia University, Tufts University, New York University, Rutgers University, the University of Connecticut, Ramapo College and Glendale Community College. Recently, he retired after many years of teaching Russian and Soviet history at Iona College.

In a career spanning more than 40 years, Bournoutian was the author and translator of more than 30 books, with a particular focus on Armenian, Iranian, and Caucasian history. Among his many publications are The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar RuleThe History of Vardapet Arakel of TabrizTwo Chronicles on the History of KarabaghThe Travel Accounts of Simeon of PolandJambrThe 1823 Russian Survey of the Karabagh Province: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of Karabagh in the Early 19th CenturyA Brief History of the Aghuank RegionThe 1829-1832 Russian Surveys of the Khanate of NakhichevanArmenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900-1914 and A Concise History of the Armenian People, which had its seventh printing in 2018. Many of his publications have been translated into Armenian, Farsi, Turkish, Polish, Japanese, Spanish, and Arabic.

A member of the Middle Eastern Studies Association, Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, Iranian Studies Association, Society for Armenian Studies, and Association Internationale des Etudes Armeniennes, Bournoutian also was one of 40 editors of the Encyclopaedia Iranica.

The Society for Armenian Studies (SAS) honored Prof. Bournoutian in May 2021 with its “Lifetime Achievement Award” for his outstanding service and contributions to the field of Armenian Studies. During the special online event, Richard Hovannisian Endowed Chair in Modern Armenian History Prof. Sebouh Aslanian, Dr. Asya Darbinyan and Prof. Stephen Badalyan Riegg offered remarks and accolades about Bournoutian’s work.

Spotlighting his many accomplishments, Aslanian discussed Bournoutian’s work in the field of early modern Armenian history, while Darbinyan highlighted how he contributed to the understanding of Transcaucasia from political and socio-economic perspectives. Badalyan Riegg continued with Bournoutian’s contributions to the history of Russian imperialism in the first decades of the 19th century.

“More than any other scholar in our field, Bournoutian has not only identified the key Armenian-language primary sources of this period but more importantly made them accessible to a larger body of scholars through his reliable and readable English-language translations,” said Aslanian in his comments during the event. “The upshot of a lifetime of dedicated translation work is a set of foundational texts that has informed and inspired numerous scholars in fields auxiliary to Armenian studies who have long known of these sources but were unable to profit from them due to the obstacles of language.”

“Prof. Bournoutian’s tremendous body of research allows us to look at the past of the South Caucasus in its intricate details,” stated Darbinyan during her remarks. “The research opens a door to understanding Transcaucasia in its past relationships with the local imperial powers, as well as in the larger context of ‘The Great Game’ and draws some conclusions about the present geopolitical interests of the Western and regional powers.”

Badalyan Riegg focused specifically on Bournoutian’s latest work From the Kur to Aras: A Military History of Russia’s Move into the South Caucasus and the First Russo-Iranian War (2020. The book is a military history of the Russo-Iranian War between 1801-1813. “To my knowledge, no other scholar, writing in English or Russian, has examined this conflict in such detail,” commented Badalyan Riegg. “Bournoutian meticulously documents every armed unit, movement, skirmish, and tense debate between the two combatants and among the various allies.”

Bournoutian expressed sincere gratitude to SAS for the honor of its Lifetime Achievement Award. “Being acknowledged by your peers is the best satisfaction one can hope for,” he said. “I am also happy to know that our new generation of scholars are better equipped and have already produced significant works.” In a now-poignant conclusion to his remarks, Bournoutian said, “I can sleep well knowing that the torch is in capable hands.”

The National Association of Armenian Studies and Research (NAASR) offered the following thoughts:

NAASR joins with scholars and friends all over the world in mourning the passing of an esteemed colleague, Prof. George Bournoutian… out of respect for his enormous contributions we offer this brief appreciation and extend our deepest sympathies to his family.

In addition to his writings, George was a prolific lecturer, giving innumerable talks including many for NAASR over the years in Belmont and all over the U.S. and Canada. He was also a world traveler and led NAASR’s first Armenian Heritage Tour in decades in 2006 to the Republic of Armenia and Historic Armenia.

In 2008, he enriched NAASR’s library immeasurably when he transferred his huge scholarly library, the Ani and George Bournoutian Collection, which has become a cornerstone of the Mardigian Library. NAASR, in turn, was proud to support his work through grants for several of his publications.

Former NAASR Chairman Nancy Kolligian recalled that George “was an outstanding scholar who electrified the room when he entered it. I will remember going to Armenia and Historic Armenia with him on our 2006 NAASR trip—we had such a great time.” Current Chairman Yervant Chekijian remembered Bournoutian as “totally committed to the honest exploration of Armenia’s history.”

NAASR Academic Director Marc Mamigonian remarked that “George was warm, opinionated, unfiltered, brilliant, hilarious, and utterly indefatigable. He was always in the middle of a book project and excited about the next one. While it is difficult to accept that there will be no next book, no one can say that George Bournoutian didn’t get the most out of life, and he leaves an incredible legacy.”

Anyone who ever met George Bournoutian or heard one of his lectures could feel his energy and boundless vitality. Those qualities will endure in his huge scholarly output, which will continue to enrich us, and in our memories of him as a friend and a scholar. He will indeed be missed.

President of SAS Bedross Der Matossian stated the following at the special event honoring Bournoutian in May: “Bournoutian’s scholarship has always been relevant. However, today it is much more needed as Armenia and Artsakh are facing monumental challenges due to the 2020 War,” he said. “One of these challenges deals with falsification of Artsakh’s history by Azeri scholars. Bournoutian has been on the forefront of combating this revisionist history which has now entered western academia.” Upon Bournoutian’s passing, Der Matossian expressed sadness and sincere condolences to his “family and beloved ones.”

“As a historian who works in the fields that George tilled for many decades, I can say that his passing marks a sad milestone for the rest of us. I am grateful that his work has brought back to life and made widely accessible sources that have been for too long been sidelined even or especially by Armenian scholars in the diaspora. George will be missed by his friends and colleagues, and I offer my sincere condolences to his family and loved ones. May his memory be blessed, and may it inspire us to work more creatively and tirelessly,” said Prof. Aslanian, who also serves as Director of the Armenian Studies Center within the UCLA Promise Armenian Institute.

Prelate Archbishop Anoushavan Tanielian and the executive and religious councils of the Eastern Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church expressed sorrow and extended their condolences to Prof. Bournoutian’s family members and loved ones. May God illuminate his soul. Asdvatz hokeen lousavoreh.




AW: AHARI launches Armenian Chronicles: A Living History

PROVIDENCE, RI – A letter to Rhode Island’s Armenian community begins: “Our personal stories shape us. Like currents in the sea, they influence every stage of our life…especially when we give them words. The story of the Armenian people is one of resilience through glory and tragedy. This is a story worth preserving, not only to better understand ourselves, but also as a gift for those yet to be born.”

With that, the Armenian Historical Association of Rhode Island (AHARI) has announced the launch of “Armenian Chronicles: A Living History.” The intent of the research initiative is to preserve the stories of the Armenian people in Rhode Island through film, photographs, letters and interviews while it is still possible.

“Every Armenian family in RI has an important story to tell, and we’d like to hear yours!” the committee enthuses in their promotional materials. If you have a story about your Armenian ancestors, whether it’s how and when they came to Rhode Island, or if they belonged to a particular village or benevolent organization, or the story behind a treasured antique brought from the homeland, or reflections about their resilience, or pictures, diaries, letters or other mementos from your archives, AHARI would like to hear from you.

Their desire is to create a culture of sharing so that a collective history of Armenians in RI can be documented and sustained. Items may be scanned and sent to AHARI or a session to help with scanning can be scheduled by emailing [email protected]. The group has also created a community questionnaire that can be accessed through their website: ahari.clubexpress.com.




New academic year kicks off in Armenia

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 09:43, 1 September, 2021

YEREVAN, SEPTEMBER 1, ARMENPRESS. The new academic year has kicked off in Armenia on September 1.

The classes will be held offline on a daily basis, however, all schools must follow the coronavirus-related rules to avoid the spread of the virus.

Wearing face-masks will be mandatory in schools.

Actions have been taken with international partners to provide schools with protective items and disinfectants.

This year the academic year for the first-graders in Armenia has started on August 31. This decision was made to avoid mass gatherings outside schools because of COVID-19.

Photos by Tatev Duryan, Mkhitar Khachatryan

Editing and Translating by Aneta Harutyunyan

Paroles d’enfants arméniens de Sonya Orfalian, brisure et résilience

France, 31 AOÛT 2021


  • 31 AOÛT 2021
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  • PAR ESTHER HEBOYAN
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  • ÉDITION : DES LIVRES À LA MER
Parmi les souvenirs recueillis dans son entourage familial, auprès d’amis et de connaissances à travers la diaspora, l’auteure a composé trente-six récits, « comme les trente-six lettres de l’alphabet arménien ».

Paroles d’enfants arméniens de Sonya Orfalian, brisure et résilience

Dans Paroles d’enfants arméniens[1], Sonya Orfalian nous livre les témoignages des rescapés des massacres de masse qui ont été commis contre les Arméniens de la Turquie ottomane entre 1915 et 1922. Ce sont des paroles entendues, mémorisées, consignées par Orfalian qui a été elle-même réfugiée en Libye puis en Italie et est restée longtemps apatride. Parmi les souvenirs recueillis dans son entourage familial, auprès d’amis et de connaissances à travers la diaspora, l’auteure a composé trente-six récits, « comme les trente-six lettres de l’alphabet arménien ». Les garçons et filles qui ont survécu aux massacres (re-qualifiés de génocide après 1945) s’appellent Vartug, Lusine, Aram, Sona … Ils nous content de terribles violences observées et subies pendant ces années d’annihilation de tout un peuple. 

Ainsi, l’histoire de Victoria :

Des hommes armés tuent et enlèvent certaines d’entre nous.

Je suis seule, sans chaussures ni vêtements, j’ai faim et j’ai soif.

D’autres filles de mon village sont comme moi.

Dans cette marche forcée, on ne rencontre que des morts, tout le chemin est jonché de cadavres en putréfaction.

Du haut de la montagne, les Kurdes nous regardent. Terrifiants.

Ou l’histoire de Mariam :

À nous voir maintenant, on dirait des corbeaux : on rôde en quête de quelque chose à manger parmi les herbes sèches et les buissons. On cherche des graines à picorer. Mais on a des bouches humaines et pas un bec dur comme les corbeaux. On mâchonne les graines qu’on trouve. On les cherche dans les excréments des chevaux, des oiseaux, des chèvres, des graines non digérées qui sèchent et restent entières.

Ou encore celle de Dikran :

Mon père est un haut fonctionnaire du Gouvernement turc, inspecteur de la Banque ottomane. Il s’est caché dans le grenier et moi, attiré par le grand bruit qui vient de la rue – provoqué par les Turcs qui sont venus rafler les Arméniens –, je me penche à la fenêtre et j’aperçois une amie… « Mon père s’est caché ! » je lui crie.

Je n’ai que quatre ans, je croyais que c’était un jeu, je ne comprends pas pourquoi ils entrent chez nous et ils l’emportent, les mains ligotées.

Plus tard, on nous a raconté qu’ils l’ont traîné en forêt et qu’ils lui ont fracassé le crâne à la hache.

Et toujours cette question : qui suis-je ?

Les survivants du génocide orchestré par les Jeunes-Turcs se retrouvent sans famille, sans repères, sans identité. Ils s’installent aux quatre coins du globe, se redonnent une nouvelle chance dans leur pays d’accueil mais n’oublieront jamais le visage d’une mère, le courage d’un père, le son doux du doudouk (hautbois arménien).

Orfalian a su restituer paroles et émotions à l’état brut. Même si la reconstitution des horreurs vécues dans l’enfance passe par l’artifice de l’écriture, Orfalian a le souci de l’authenticité. On entend non seulement les mots mais aussi le souffle de ces « voix brisées ». Les spécificités, le rythme, les redondances de l’oralité sont respectés. On pourrait reprocher à Orfalian de n’avoir pas précisé les espaces diasporiques où ces paroles de survivants ont émergé ni les dates des rencontres. Mais le texte traduit parfaitement la motivation de l’auteure : « faire connaître ces mémoires afin qu’elles sortent du silence de l’Histoire ».

De plus, lorsqu’on l’interroge sur les circonstances des rencontres, Orfalian répond sans hésiter :

« Ces gens étaient présents dans mon enfance et aussi plus tard dans ma vie. Et ils sont toujours avec moi. Des voix s’exprimant en continu, quoique reléguées au silence. Pendant des décennies, j’ai entendu ces chuchotements dans les foyers de ma propre famille et ceux de mes amis arméniens. C’était à Amman, Jérusalem, Paris, Venise, Rome, Tripoli (Libye), Londres, Los Angeles, Téhéran, Le Caire, ainsi qu’en d’autres lieux. »

En fait, l’omission du contexte spatio-temporel des échanges avec l’auteure s’inscrit dans la logique de l’omission des patronymes que Orfalian assume d’emblée.

« J’ai évité les noms de famille, j’ai appelé chacun et chacune par son prénom, comme s’ils étaient des personnages rencontrés au foyer, au coin d’un jardin, au détour d’un bazar. »

Finalement, l’intention de l’auteure permet aux voix d’exister à l’infini, dans une immatérialité qui les rend encore plus prégnantes, plus symboliques. Ces fragments de vie, si tragiques et douloureux, deviennent dépositaires de l’histoire du peuple arménien, comme le tissage des patchworks par les Indiens d’Amérique.

 Les récits de rafle, de déportation, d’enlèvements et de tueries sont encadrés par trois textes à caractère plus général et historique. La première préface, « Un livre d’effroi » de Joël Kotek, spécialiste de la Shoah, souligne la cruauté insupportable des témoignages, rappelle que des deux millions d’Arméniens dans la Turquie ottomane en 1915 il n’en reste que 60 000 aujourd’hui et exprime le souhait d’un travail historique salutaire pour les Turcs. La seconde préface, « Contexte historique » de l’historien Yves Ternon, explique la naissance du nationalisme turc qui, au moment du déclin de l’Empire ottoman, perçoit la présence arménienne comme une menace. La postface de Gérard Chaliand résume les étapes qui ont mené aux actes d’extermination entre 1915 et 1917, désigne les collaborateurs des Jeunes-Turcs et énumère les avancées en matière de reconnaissance du génocide pour contrer le déni et l’oubli. 

La présentation de l’ouvrage, en présence de l’auteure, aura lieu le dimanche 12 septembre à 14h au Mémorial de la Shoah à Paris.

[1] Sonya Orfalian. Paroles d’enfants arméniens. 1915-1922. Traduit de l’italien par Silvia Guzzi. Paris : Gallimard. Coll. Témoins.Gallimard. 2021.

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Mais que se passe-t-il entre l’Arménie et l’Azerbaïdjan ?

DNA, France
2 Sept 2021

Un soldat arménien est mort ce mercredi à la frontière avec l'Azerbaïdjan, laissant craindre une nouvelle montée des violences entre les deux pays. Mais pourquoi la région du Karabakh cristallise-t-elle toutes les tensions ? Pour comprendre, il faut remonter un siècle en arrière.

Par L.G. - Aujourd'hui à 08:33

Ce mercredi, l’Arménie annonçait la mort d'un de ses soldats dans un accrochage avec les troupes azerbaïdjanaises à la frontière entre ces deux pays du Caucase. Le ministère arménien de la Défense, qui "condamne fermement les actions de l'Azerbaïdjan" a avertit qu'elles ne resteront pas impunies.

Si pour l’heure, les autorités azerbaïdjanaises ont rejeté ces accusations, selon le quotidien libanais l’Orient-Le Jour, cet accrochage laisse craindre une nouvelle montée de tensions entre les deux pays qui s’étaient déjà livrés une guerre meurtrière de six semaines à l’automne dernier.

Un peu plus tôt cet été, le 16 aout, un autre soldat arménien avait déjà été tué dans un échange de tirs avec les forces de Bakou près du Nakhitchevan, enclave azerbaïdjanaise dans le sud-ouest de l'Arménie.

L’Arménie et l'Azerbaïdjan sont des ennemis de longue date dans la lutte pour le contrôle de l'enclave du Nagorny Karabakh. Dans les années 1990, la guerre s'était soldée par une déroute militaire arménienne et un accord de cessez-le-feu qui a accordé d'importants gains territoriaux à Bakou.

Malgré la signature de cet accord et le déploiement de soldats de maintien de la paix russes, les tensions restent fortes entre les deux ex-républiques soviétiques. En mai dernier, l'Arménie avait notamment accusé son voisin d'avoir violé la frontière pour prendre le contrôle de terres au bord du Lac Sev, que se partagent les deux pays.

Le Nagorny Karabakh, petit territoire montagneux, fait l’objet de nombreux conflits depuis des siècles, passant de mains en mains. Sous influence arabe, turc, puis russe, le territoire devient l'épicentre d'une guerre civile qui oppose Arménie et Azerbaïdjan en 1917.

Bien que peuplée en majorité par des Arméniens (qui considèrent l’enclave comme une région centrale de leur histoire), la zone est rattachée à la république soviétique d'Azerbaïdjan en 1921 par Staline avec, à partir de 1923, un statut d'autonomie. Ce statut reste inchangé jusqu'aux dernières années de l'URSS, rappelle Le Point.

A la dislocation de l'URSS en 1991, le Nagorny Karabakh organise un référendum boycotté par la communauté azerbaïdjanaise puis proclame son indépendance de Bakou avec le soutien d'Erevan. Une indépendance qui n'a jamais été reconnue par l'ONU. La violence éclate alors et la guerre fait 30 000 morts jusqu’au cessez-le-feu de 1994.

Aujourd’hui, l’enclave terrestre est composée à 99% d'Arméniens de confession chrétienne. La guerre a conduit à d'importants déplacements de populations : près de 700 000 Azerbaïdjanais fuyant l'Arménie et le Nagorny Karabakh et 230 000 Arméniens fuyant l'Azerbaïdjan.

Pendant 30 ans, les efforts de médiation internationale sur le statut du Nagorny Karabakh, pilotés par les États-Unis, la Russie et la France, ont échoué. Et Bakou affirme désormais que seul un retrait arménien du Karabakh peut mettre fin à l'effusion de sang. L'Arménie, de son côté, se dit prête à se battre jusqu'au bout.

Région agricole, parsemée de vignes et de vergers, le Haut-Karabakh n’est ni convoité pour ses sous-sols riches en minerais ou en hydrocarbures, ni pour ses hautes montagnes qui n’en font pas un lieu de transit pratique, rappelle TV5 Monde.

C’est bien son caractère historique qui lui vaut l’objet de toutes les convoitises. Il s'agit d'"un territoire historiquement symbolique pour les deux peuples" précise Jean Radvanyi, professeur émérite à l'Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales (Inalco).

"Pour les Azéris comme pour les Arméniens, le Haut-Karabakh appartient au patrimoine national. […] Et comme les négociations n'aboutissaient pas, les Azéris ont brandi la solution militaire depuis des années", explique-t-il.

Dans ce conflit, l’Azerbaïdjan bénéficie d’un avantage certain : à savoir un budget militaire dix fois plus élevé que celui de l’Arménie, qui s’est pour sa part procuré des drones israéliens.

Derrière ce conflit territorial, c’est aussi un jeux d’alliance qui s’opère avec d’un côté la Turquie qui soutient son allié azéri, et de l’autre l’Arménie soutenue par Israël. La Russie, allié et exportateur d’armement vers les deux pays, adopte quant à elle un discours plus modéré et appelle au calme…

Armenia Wants UNESCO To Record Destruction Of Christian Heritage Sites Under Azerbaijan

Sept 2 2021
Written By

Srishti Goel

 

Armenia believes that despite Azerbaijan's opposition, UNESCO can send an assessment mission to Nagorno-Karabakh as soon as feasible, said Armenian Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan on Wednesday.

Since 2020, Armenia has requested an immediate UNESCO assessment expedition to Nagorno-Karabakh, believing that sites of Armenian Christian heritage are in danger in territories that passed under Muslim Azerbaijan's authority following the 44-day military struggle, according to the minister. He noted that Yerevan has documented numerous occasions in which Azerbaijani forces deliberately damaged churches and other Armenian monuments in Nagorno-Karabakh on Baku's orders.

Citing UNESCO Assistant Director-General for Culture Ernesto Ottone's December 20 statement that the only obstacle to an assessment mission to Nagorno-Karabakh was Azerbaijan's pending response, Mirzoyan stated that "the Azerbaijani government continues to politicise and obstruct the visit of UNESCO experts" because "it wants to conceal its cultural crimes."

Last September, the decades-long Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan erupted once again, resulting in thousands of military and civilian losses on both sides. On November 9, Russia brokered a cease-fire agreement and dispatched mediators to the region to supervise the truce.

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On September 27, 2020, renewed confrontations between Azerbaijan and Armenia started, with severe fighting waging in the disputed area of Nagorno-Karabakh. On November 9, 2020, Russian President Vladimir Putin, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev, and Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan signed a joint declaration calling for an immediate cease-fire in Nagorno-Karabakh. The Azerbaijani and Armenian sides agreed to hold their positions, and Russian forces were sent to monitor the truce along the engagement line in Nagorno-Karabakh, as well as along the Lachinsky corridor that connects Armenia to the enclave. Aside from that, Baku gained control of a number of districts.

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The situation along the Armenian-Azerbaijani border has been tense since May 12, when Armenia's Defense Ministry stated that the Azerbaijani Armed Forces sought to conduct "certain operations" in a border area in Syunik Province in order to "alter the border." Since then, both sides have reported border incidents on a regular basis.

 

Azeri MP Threatens Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh to Leave or be Destroyed


Sept 2 2021


09/02/2021 Nagorno-Karabakh (International Christian Concern) –  According to Elman Jamal Oglu Mammedov, a member of Azerbaijan parliament associated with President Aliyev’s party, the remaining territories of Nagorno-Karabakh (Armenian: Artsakh) will be cleared of “occupiers, separatists and criminals” who will either leave or be destroyed.

Mammedov spoke against the Armenians remaining in Nagorno-Karabakh regions such as Ivanyan (Khojaly) saying, “We will not tolerate it, we will not be patient”. He is advocating for an “anti-terrorist operation” against the Armenians.

Several regions, including Hadrut, Shushi, Lachin, and Kalbajar were granted to Azerbaijan following the November 9 tripartite agreement. The continued push against Armenians in border towns and sporadic tension flare-ups that have occurred along unclear borders invoke some concern regarding the future of the fragile peace. Armenian Christians are still recovering from and mourning their losses in the 44-day war and are emotionally ill-equipped to respond to another advance from Azerbaijan.

To Boost Armenian Economy, Economic Cooperation with China is a Must

India, Sept 2 2021
By Benyamin Poghosyan
Chairman, Center for Political and Economic Strategic Studies, Yerevan, Armenia


File photo: Chinese President Xi Jinping met with Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan in Beijing on May 14, 2021. Xi said China is willing to work together with Armenia to stimulate the joint building of the Belt and Road in order to inject new impetus into regional development cooperation. Pashinyan said Armenia views its relations with China from a strategic perspective and will continue to advance international cooperation in the Belt and Road Initiative. / Source: CGTN

The success of China in eradicating extreme poverty has made headlines in international media and discussions of the expert community. Even the most developed countries in the world still face the problem of extreme poverty, and this makes the achievements of developing China even more impressive. Being one of the industrial and intellectual powerhouses of the Soviet Union, Armenia launched a series of economic reforms after gaining independence in 1991. Passing through the difficult transition period in the early 1990s, Armenia stabilized the economic situation in the 2000s and registered an impressive economic performance of an average of 6.5 percent GDP growth in 2017-2019.

Armenia is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and signed a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement with the European Union (EU) in November 2017. Membership into the EAEU provides Armenia with tariff-free access to the vast Russian market, while the GSP+ system allows Armenia to export 6291 from 9655 of EU products' classification to the EU with zero custom duty. The key sectors of the Armenian economy are mining and production of precious metals, agriculture, tourism, and IT. In recent years IT has become the main locomotive of Armenian economic growth, gradually transforming Armenia into the regional tech hub.
 
As of now, the main economic partners of Armenia are Russia and the EU member states. However, the Armenian economy suffers from a negative balance of trade, which reaches up to 2.5 billion USD per year. Armenia covers part of this gap by taking loans from international financial institutions, while the remittances of migrant laborers cover another part. To make a qualitative leap forward in its economic development, Armenia needs to increase its exports significantly and decrease its negative trade balance. However, Russian and EU markets are saturated, and Armenia needs to explore new markets for exporting its products. In this context, fostering economic relations with China may play a crucial role in boosting the Armenian economy. 

The development of Armenia–China economic relations is entirely in line with the win-win international cooperation philosophy, put forward by the Chinese President and General – Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee Xi Jinping. As an ancient Chinese saying goes, "Those who only seek comfort for themselves will ultimately be rejected, and those who sacrifice their own interests for the success of others will be supported”. It is also in line with China's "dual circulation" strategy elaborated in 2020 and the new 14th Five – Year Plan for 2021 – 2025. 

In recent years China made significant efforts to further open its economy for the foreign businesses organizing annual China International Import Expos. The fourth China International Import Expo is scheduled to be held in Shanghai from Nov 5 to 10, 2021, and will provide an international businesses platform to showcase products and share opportunities in the Chinese markets. The business exhibition of this year's CIIE consists of six exhibition areas, including Intelligent Industry and Information Technology, Consumer Goods, Food and Agricultural Products, Medical Equipment and Healthcare Products, Automobiles, and Trade in Services.

Armenia may significantly increase its exports to China in two sectors – agriculture and IT products. Armenian fresh and processed fruits, vegetables, as well as wine and brandy have the potential to enter the Chinese market. The agriculture export will contribute to the sustainable development of Armenian rural areas by creating new jobs and preventing the internal migration from villages to the capital Yerevan, which currently holds approximately 40 percent of the entire Armenian population.
 
The booming IT sector of Armenia is another opportunity for the fostering of bilateral economic ties. Dubbed as a start-up nation and the Silicon Valley of the Caucasus, Armenia has registered more than 20 percent of annual growth in IT in recent years. Many Armenian IT companies work for foreign markets. Given the astonishing growth of the Chinese IT market, there are vast untapped resources for Armenian companies to cooperate with their Chinese counterparts. As start-ups are not concentrated only in Yerevan, the further development of the Armenian IT sector will also contribute to the sustainable development of Armenian provinces. 

The second-largest city of Armenia, Gyumri, hit hard by the 1988 devastating earthquake, has recently become a new center of the Armenian high-tech industry. Armenian start-ups located in Gyumri are looking to the Chinese market as a new source for growth and development. In May 2021, a Digital Silk Road Center was opened in Gyumri with its branch in Chinese Xian to develop mini-programs for the Chinese WeChat messenger. Such innovative projects may become a backbone for the future of Armenia – China cooperation in the IT sector.

In the world of growing economic nationalism and protectionism, China's willingness to pursue win-win economic cooperation with other countries provides hope for solid economic growth for states such as Armenia. Armenia values its millennia-long partnership with the Chinese people and looks forward to boosting its economic cooperation with China significantly.

About the Author:

Dr. Benyamin Poghosyan is Founder and Chairman, Center for Political and Economic Strategic Studies and also, Executive Director, Political Science Association of Armenia since 2011. He was Vice President for Research – Head of the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense Research University in Armenia in August 2016 – February 2019. He joined Institute for National Strategic Studies (predecessor of NDRU) in March 2009 as a Research Fellow and was appointed as INSS Deputy Director for research in November 2010. Before this, he was the Foreign Policy Adviser of the Speaker of the National Assembly of Armenia. Dr. Poghosyan has also served as a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences and was an adjunct professor at Yerevan State University and in the European Regional Educational Academy.

His primary research areas are the geopolitics of the South Caucasus and the Middle East, US – Russian relations, and their implications for the region. He is the author of more than 70 Academic papers and OP-EDs in different leading Armenian and international journals. In 2013, Dr. Poghosyan was appointed as a "Distinguished Research Fellow" at the US National Defense University – College of International Security Affairs and also, he is a graduate of the US State Department's Study of the US Institutes for Scholars 2012 Program on US National Security policymaking. He holds a Ph.D. in History and is a graduate from the 2006 Tavitian Program on International Relations at Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.