Ethiopian Review
April 25 2010
Suspended accords highlight deep fissures in Turkey-Armenia relations
Ethiopian Review | April 24th, 2010 at 9:40 pm
Washington’s efforts to bury a century of hostility between the
neighbours were dealt a hefty blow this week when Armenia suspended
ratification of the US-brokered peace accords which were signed in
October 2009 to establish diplomatic relations and open their shared
border.
With both sides seemingly unwilling to move on from nearly 100 years
of deep mistrust, neither the government of Christian Armenia nor that
of Muslim Turkey chose to ratify the agreement on Thursday amid claims
of manipulation of the texts and the insertion of new unapproved
conditions.
Despite the obvious benefits of the agreement ` including huge
economic gains for poor, landlocked Armenia and a boost to Turkey’s EU
credentials ` both Armenia and Turkey have instead chosen to postpone
further negotiations, with the on-going feud over the World War I mass
killing of Armenians by Ottoman Turks and the disputed region of
Nagorno-Karabakh at the heart of the dispute.
The decision to suspend the peace accords came just two days before
the 95th anniversary of the killings on April 24th, again highlighting
the importance of the 1915-1917 massacres of Armenians in the history
of hostile relations between the two countries.
Armenian massacre at the heart of continuing animosity
Armenia claims that the Ottoman Turks deported and executed 1.5
million of their kin during World War I and has been fighting for the
massacre to be officially labelled genocide, a term the Turks reject.
Armenian officials claim the peace accords were suspended because they
betray Armenia’s efforts to have the massacres internationally
recognized as genocide.
Turkey says that 300,000 to 500,000 Armenians and at least as many
Turks perished in fighting between the two peoples as the Ottoman
Empire crumbled.
`Armenia has clearly stated that it wants Turkey to recognise the
massacres as genocide as part of the rapprochement process,’ Dr.
Stefan Meister, an expert on the South Caucasus at the German Council
on Foreign Affairs, told Deutsche Welle.
`Turkey won’t do this but has said that it wants a historical
commission to investigate the massacres to find out what really
happened. Armenia says that everyone knows the massacres are
historical fact and is concerned that a commission will bring the
nature of the event into question.’
`The genocide in the Armenians is a well documented historical event,’
Prof. Dr. Mihran Dabag from the Institute for Diaspora and Genocide
Research at the University of Bochum, told Deutsche Welle.
`Where there has been freedom to research, the researchers have
unmistakably proved the authenticity of the genocide policy in the
years1915/16. There has also been reassuring developments in this
research from Turkish intellectuals and Turkish historians. Still,
this is no substitute for official Turkish policy.’
US President Barack Obama pledged in his election campaign that he
would work toward getting the massacre recognised as genocide and
Armenians are hoping that Obama will use a statement he intends to
make on the anniversary to fulfil his promise.
However, with Turkey an increasingly important and geopolitically
strategic NATO partner, it is unlikely that the US president will do
this for fear of alienating Ankara.
The peace process is also unlikely to continue until a resolution to
Armenia’s conflict with Turkish ally and energy trading partner
Azerbaijan over the breakaway Nagorny-Karabakh region is found.
Breakaway region pits Armenia against Turkey
Ankara and Yerevan have been at odds over Turkic-speaking Azerbaijan
ever since 1993 when Turkey closed its border with Armenia in
solidarity with Azerbaijan over the war in Nagorno-Karabakh, when
ethnic Armenians backed by Armenia threw off Azeri rule after the
collapse of the Soviet Union.
Nagorno-Karabakh has been under control of Armenian troops and ethnic
Armenian forces since a 1994 cease-fire ended six years of war.
The border will remain closed, Turkey says, until ethnic Armenian
forces pull back from Nagorno-Karabakh.
Turkish Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan said this week that ratification
of the peace accords would depend on Armenia reaching terms with
Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a statement that caused uproar in
Armenia.
`Armenia rejects Turkey’s conditions over Nagorny-Karabakh as part of
the rapprochement,’ said Meister. `They see the region as part of the
former Armenian state and with almost 70 percent of Nagorny-Karabakh
inhabited by ethnic Armenians; they want to protect their people
there. Turkey wants the Armenians to leave and to help protect the
very few Azerbaijanis who are still there. Rapprochement can only
happen if the Armenians leave.’
`The Armenians and Azerbaijanis signed a memorandum in Moscow in 2008
saying they would not go to war but they soon said afterwards that a
war could still happen,’ he added. ‘The best solution would be a
federal system where Nagorny-Karabakh has its own sovereignty within
Azerbaijan but that is also unlikely to happen.’
Rapprochement in the interests of the US
Azerbaijan is a valued oil and gas exporter and one of the West’s key
hopes for gas for the planned Nabucco pipeline. It is said to be angry
at Washington over US support for the potential deal between Armenia
and Turkey to mend ties and reopen their border. Azerbaijan fears the
deal will weaken its hand in talks over the rebel territory. The US,
meanwhile, finds itself in a difficult situation where achieving its
own goals relies on keeping all those involved on side.
`The region is very important to the US due to its proximity to Iraq,
Iran and Afghanistan but also because of the Caspian Sea and its
natural resources,’ said Meister.
`Rapprochement is in Washington’s interests. If Turkey opens up the
border with Armenia then this gives the US another route into the
region and could allow gas and oil to flow without Russian
interference. But there is a large Armenian and Azerbaijani Diaspora
in the US and both are pressuring Washington for their own ends which,
along with Turkey’s needs, makes it very difficult for Obama.’
(Source: Deutsche Welle)