Eurasia Daily Monitor
July 9, 2008 — Volume 5, Issue 130
GUAM SHOWS ITS RESILIENCE AT BATUMI SUMMIT
by Vladimir Socor
The GUAM Summit just held in Batumi (see EDM, July 7) demonstrated
that Georgia and Azerbaijan compose GUAM’s solid core; that Ukraine’s
governing political forces are committed to GUAM while the evenly matched
opposition forces are uncommitted; that Moldova is on the verge of
abandoning the group; and that GUAM is capable of diversifying partnership
relations beyond the group’s own format.
GUAM may now be called `GUAm’ as a result of Moldova’s
all-but-declared defection. Moldova was a co-founder of the group in 1997,
hosted the `GUAM revival’ summit in 2005, and contributed actively to GUAM’s
institutionalization during the Moldovan chairmanship period (see EDM, April
20, 21, and 25-28, 2005). Later on, however, Chisinau distanced itself
demonstratively from GUAM, hoping through this and other gestures to earn
Moscow’s goodwill for a solution to the Transnistria conflict. President
Vladimir Voronin stayed away from the 2007 and 2008 GUAM summits. He only
sent his minister of internal affairs to the Batumi event, a mismatch that
looked like a snub to the five heads of state (Georgia, Azerbaijan, Ukraine,
Poland, and Lithuania) who attended this summit. The minister, Valentin
Mejinschi, deviated even further by choosing to deliver his perfunctory
speech in Russian.
Moldova alone has not ratified the GUAM Charter, a failure that
jeopardizes GUAM’s quest for international recognition as a full-fledged
regional organization. The Moldovan parliament with its strong
pro-presidential majority could easily have ratified the GUAM Charter, if
told to do so. Chisinau is not delegating its representatives to the
Kyiv-based GUAM Secretariat, has a poor record of attendance at GUAM
sectoral commissions’ meetings, and is not paying its GUAM membership dues.
Voronin attacked GUAM in Russian press interviews ahead of the Batumi
summit and during the event. He found fault, indignantly and irrelevantly,
with the Odessa-Brody-Plock-Gdansk oil pipeline project for bypassing
Moldova. He claimed credit for vetoing the planned GUAM peacekeeping unit
(notwithstanding that it was only proposed for international missions
outside GUAM states’ territories). Voronin felt obligated to describe GUAM
membership as `pointless’ and the group itself as `economically unproductive
and therefore lacking gravitational pull.’ By contrast he feigned praise for
the CIS as a `highly effective project, confirmed by life itself, with an
economic dimension based on Russia’s energy resources.’ Catering to Moscow’s
adversarial view of GUAM, Voronin reassured Russia that `Moldova will not be
used as [part of a] counterbalance to someone else’ (Kommersant, March 11,
July 2).
Those arguments are reminiscent of Uzbek President Islam Karimov’s
justifications for abandoning what was then GUUAM. Uzbekistan had joined the
group in 1999, only to withdraw de facto by 2003 and officially in 2005, on
the grounds that the group was overly political, underperforming
economically, and irritating Russia. By analogy, Moldova’s arguments gave
rise to speculation during the Batumi summit that Moldova was about to
withdraw from GUAM (Rezonansi, July 4). Moldovan authorities, however, do
not intend to abandon GUAM officially. But they will keep their distance
from GUAM for as long as they crave Russian cooperation on Transnistria, and
until those hopes turn (as seems likely) into disappointment.
The Ukrainian Parliament, unlike Moldova’s, had wrestled for years
with the issue of ratifying the GUAM Charter. Signed by the four presidents
at GUAM’s Yalta summit in 2001, the Charter was revised at the Chisinau
summit in 2005, signed in its updated form by the four presidents at the
Kyiv summit in 2006, and easily ratified by the Georgian and Azerbaijani
parliaments. Ukraine’s Verkhovna Rada finally ratified the Charter in March
2008 by the narrowest admissible margin (226 votes in favor), with the
opposition parties declining to vote or voting against (Interfax-Ukraine,
March 7). Meanwhile, the GUAM Secretariat’s small headquarters in Kyiv, a
Ukrainian responsibility, is still undergoing repairs ever since the 2006
Kyiv summit (see EDM, May 25, 2006).
Ukraine is the main supporter of creating a GUAM peacekeeping unit.
Kyiv regards this proposal as an opportunity to demonstrate Ukraine’s
capacity for regional leadership. The proposal was discussed in some detail
at the GUAM summits in Kyiv 2006 and Baku 2007 (see EDM, June 20, 2007). In
the run-up to the Batumi summit, Ukrainian Defense Minister Yuriy Yekhanurov
discussed the idea yet again with receptive Georgian leaders in Tbilisi.
They agreed to keep alive the consultations about composition and possible
international missions of such a unit (Interfax-Ukraine, June 5). The Batumi
summit documents do not mention this idea, although it was again discussed
there (Civil Georgia, The Messenger, July 2).
Russia took the floor in Batumi for the first time at a GUAM summit.
It did so by proxy through CIS First Deputy Executive Secretary Vladimir
Garkun, a Belarus diplomat. In the briefest of all speeches, he repeatedly
declared, `We all [ex-Soviet countries] have a lot in common,’ a tentative
overture though blurring the difference. GUAM remains the only interstate
organization in formerly Soviet territory that excludes Russia from
membership.
–Vladimir Socor