ARMENIAN REPORTER
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December 1, 2007 — From the front section
To see the printed version of the newspaper, complete with photographs
and additional content, visit and download the pdf
files. It’s free.
1. Armenian Catholic Eparchate celebrates its 25th anniversary (by
Florence Avakian)
* Bp. Batakian presides over a special Mass and dinner in New York
1a. The Armenian Catholic Eparchy: Its early years and present status
2. New motion filed in lawsuit against Hirair Hovnanian and others
over Genocide museum and memorial
* CFF "seeks to protect AGMM from irreparable harm and lost opportunity"
3. From Washington, in brief (by Emil Sanamyan)
* U.S., Russia, and France offer "joint proposal" on basic principles
of Karabakh settlement
* U.S., Russia clash on security policies, elections
* Retired Illinois Rep. Henry Hyde dies
* UN study: Armenia tops neighbors in "human development"
4. Donna Evans recalls her husband’s recall
5. Treatment of foundations in Turkey threatens the survival of
non-Muslim communities (by Talin Suciyan)
* A history of confiscations
6. What does Armenia expect from the brand "Europe"? (by Vigen Sargsyan)
7. The ARF nominates Vahan Hovhanessian as its presidential candidate
for Armenia (by Maria Titizian)
8. Armenian parliament approves 2008 budget
9. Activists protest violence against women (by Betty Panossian-Ter Sargssian)
10. Should Armenia have a separate law on domestic violence? (by Betty
Panossian-Ter Sargssian)
11. The Armenia-Turkey soccer match is inevitable (by Armen Hakobyan)
12. Commentary: Telethon 2007: "One cow feeds a family of four" (by
Sylvie Tertzakian)
13. Letters
* A crime against humanity, not only the victims (Margaret Vartian)
* Part of a solution to declining membership? (Thomas J. Garabedian)
* Please avoid stereotypes (Hrair Simitian)
* Inspired and encouraged (Houry Mayessean)
14. Editorial: A welcome effort to prevent genocide
**************************************** ***********************************
1. Armenian Catholic Eparchate celebrates its 25th anniversary
* Bp. Batakian presides over a special Mass and dinner in New York
by Florence Avakian
BROOKLYN, N.Y. — The 25th anniversary of Our Lady of Nareg Armenian
Catholic Eparchy was celebrated in grand style on Sunday, November 4.
A Holy Mass in the Armenian rite was celebrated by Eparch Manuel
Batakian in Brooklyn’s St. Vincent de Paul Church, followed by a
festive dinner-dance at the famed Terrace on the Park in Queens.
"Twenty-five years is a tiny sliver of time in the history of the
Universal Church, but for us Armenian Catholics in North America, it
is quite an important accomplishment," said Bishop Manuel Batakian in
his eloquent homily during the Divine Liturgy. The ennobling hymns of
the Yekmalian badarak were sung by the church choir, with Jeannette
Chirikjian accompanying on the organ.
Paying tribute to Bishop Nerses Setian, appointed by Pope John Paul
II as the first Exarch who was formerly rector of the Pontifical
Armenian College in Rome, Bishop Batakian pointed out that "Armenians
Catholics had a presence in North America, and especially in the New
York City area since 1896." However, because they had no church of
their own, they celebrated the Armenian-Rite Mass in different
churches throughout the city.
During this time, Armenian Catholic parishes were being formed in
various communities in North America, starting in 1890 in Paterson,
N.J., and continuing in Philadelphia, Boston, Los Angeles, Detroit,
Montreal, and Toronto, which served second- and third-generation
American and Canadian Armenians, as well as a growing number of
émigrés from the Middle East.
This expansion was so extensive that there was a need to establish an
Apostolic Exarchate," stated Bishop Batakian. This happened when Pope
John Paul II established the Apostolic Exarchate in the United States
and Canada, and Cardinal Terence Cooke of New York gave the Armenian
Catholics the use of St. Ann’s Shrine on East 12th Street as the seat
of the Exarchate. The first official Armenian-Rite Mass was celebrated
by Bishop Setian on Christmas Eve, 1983.
In addition to these churches, four Armenian schools were opened,
three by the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception (in Philadelphia,
Los Angeles, and Boston), and one by the Montreal parish. This was
followed by three new churches in Little Falls, N.J.; Belmont, Mass.;
and Glendale, Calif.
The second Exarch, Bishop Hovhannes Tertzakian, was the former Abbot
General of the Mekhitarist Order. On January 20, 2001, Bishop Manuel
Batakian, formerly Vicar General of the Patriarchal Eparchy of Beirut,
Lebanon, became the third and current Exarch.
On September 5, 2005, the Synod of Armenian Catholic Bishops elevated
the Armenian Exarchate in the U.S. and Canada to an eparchy, and
appointed Bishop Batakian as its first eparch.
* "Shared joy is multiplied joy"
When New York’s Roman Catholic Archdiocese informed the St. Ann’s
Armenian community that they would have to vacate the property,
misfortune turned to happiness, as they were able to relocate to the
St. Vincent de Paul Church in Brooklyn through the kind efforts of
Bishop Di Marzo.
"We have been in Brooklyn for almost four years now," noted Bishop
Batakian. "We are surviving, and we have great hopes for the future.
We might not be large in numbers, but we have large hearts. The
Eparchy is alive, and the younger generation is coming in to replace
us, to take over our duties, continue our heritage, and fight against
assimilation."
"May we see many more anniversary celebrations," added the Eparch.
Dignitaries attending the church service were Bishop Frank Caggiano,
vicar general of the Brooklyn Diocese; Eparch Gregory Mansour of the
Maronite Eparchy in Brooklyn; Fr. Vahan Hovhanessian, representing
Archbishop Khajag Barsamian, Primate of the Eastern Diocese; and Fr.
Mesrob Lakissian, representing Archbishop Oshagan Choloyan, Prelate of
the Eastern Prelacy.
Also present were pastors from Armenian Catholic churches all along
the eastern United States and Canada, including Fr. Antoine
Noradounghian, cathedral rector of the Eparchy; Fr. George Zabarian,
vicar general from Montreal; Fr. Rafael Andonian, chancellor in
Boston; Fr. Armenag Bedrossian from Philadelphia; and Fr. George
Kalustian from New Jersey.
Following the inspiring church service, more than 175 parishioners
and guests from throughout the region attended a celebratory reception
and dinner-dance at the Terrace-on-the-Park, famed for its spectacular
views.
In his welcoming address, Bishop Batakian expressed appreciation to
all involved in the special day, with special mentions going to the
parish council members, financial contributors, and those responsible
for the renovation of the parish hall.
"We must promise to always be united, so our community retains its
blessings. Shared joy is multiplied joy," he declared. "All our
adults, youth, and children should participate in the artistic,
cultural, educational, and language programs, and we should all join
in to make our community life more interesting."
During the dinner, Master of Ceremonies Karnig Nercessian introduced
the popular Arthur Apkarian Band from Montreal, which provided the
delightful music. Guests danced for hours to the infectious beat of
Armenian, Middle Eastern, and international music.
***
1a. The Armenian Catholic Eparchy: Its early years and present status
NEW YORK — Catholicos-Patriarch Stepan-Bedros X Azarian sent Msgr.
Mardiros Megerian to New York in 1896 as pastor of Armenian Catholics
living in the metropolitan area.
Msgr. Megerian served as Patriarchal Vicar for the United States
until 1921, helping immigrants and survivors of the Armenian Genocide
who took refuge in this country.
In August 1921, Msgr. Harutiun Maldjian succeeded him, and guided the
Armenian Catholic community for 50 years, including through the hard
years of the Great Depression.
Following the creation of the New York parish, the parish of
Paterson, N.J., was founded in 1909. (It moved to nearby Little Falls
in 1991.) Other parishes were established in Philadelphia in 1923,
later moving to Wynnewood, Pa.; in Cambridge, Mass., in 1940, later
moving to Belmont; in Los Angeles in 1945; in Detroit in 1948; and in
Glendale, Calif., in 1999. Two parishes were founded in Canada: in
Montreal in 1966; and in Toronto, Ontario, in 1974.
Pope John Paul II established the Apostolic Exarchate for Armenian
Catholics in the United States and Canada on July 3, 1981, and
appointed Msgr. Nerses Setian as the first bishop of the Exarchate. He
was succeeded in 1995 by Bishop Hovhannes Tertzakian, who was
succeeded in 2000 by Bishop Manuel Batakian.
In September 2005, Pope Benedict XVI elevated the Exarchate to an
eparchy, and Bishop Batakian became its first Eparch.
Since 2004, the Eparchy has been headquartered in Brooklyn’s
Williamsburg neighborhood, at the Church of St. Vincent de Paul (the
Eparchy has preserved its own original name of St. Ann for the
cathedral parish). According to the Eparchy, it leads about 25,000
faithful in the United States and 10,000 in Canada, and currently
administers nine parishes: St. Ann Cathedral, Brooklyn, N.Y. (Fr.
Antoine Noradounghian, rector); Sacred Heart, Little Falls, N.J. (Fr.
George Kaloustian, pastor); St. Mark, Wynnewood, Pa. (Fr. Armenag
Bedrossian, pastor); Holy Cross, Belmont, Mass. (Fr. Raphael Andonian,
pastor); St. Vartan, Detroit, Mich. (Fr. Thomas Garabedian, pastor);
Our Lady the Queen of Martyrs, Los Angeles, Calif. (Fr. Antoine
Panossian, asst. pastor); St. wregory the Illuminator, Glendale,
Calif. (Fr. Antoine Saroyan, pastor); Notre Dame de Nareg, Montréal,
Canada (Fr. Georges Zabarian, pastor); and St. Gregory the
Illuminator, Toronto, Canada (Fr. Elias Kiridjian, pastor).
**************************************** ***********************************
2. New motion filed in lawsuit against Hirair Hovnanian and others
over Genocide museum and memorial
* CFF "seeks to protect AGMM from irreparable harm and lost opportunity"
MINNEAPOLIS — The Cafesjian Family Foundation (CFF), on behalf of the
Armenian Genocide Museum and Memorial, Inc. (AGMM), on November 27
filed a motion in an ongoing lawsuit in the United States District
Court for the District of Columbia. The court is being asked to enjoin
the Armenian Assembly of America, Inc. (Assembly), and AGMM "rogue
trustees" Hirair Hovnanian, Van Krikorian, and Anoush Mathevosian from
attempting to develop the AGMM "in contravention of the organization’s
charter documents and the agreements that made the undertaking
possible in the first place," CFF announced in a news release.
"By this action, CFF seeks to protect AGMM from irreparable harm,"
said CFF vice president and CFF-designated AGMM trustee John Waters.
"On November 3, 2007, the Assembly announced plans to develop a museum
on part of a site owned by AGMM. It was a baffling announcement, since
the Assembly neither owns nor controls AGMM. The Assembly-announced
plan would diminish the project by confining the development to a
renovated bank building. According to an attorney representing the
Assembly, the rogue trustees apparently intended to pay for the bank
building renovation by selling off the adjoining properties in
disregard of fiduciary and contractual duties. The injunction would
enforce those obligations."
* A commanding presence
"The AGMM should have a commanding presence," said CFF founder and
president Gerard Cafesjian. "We realized early on that a renovated
bank building would simply not do justice to the institution that the
community deserves and that the tragedy suffered by the Armenian
people warrants. We worked hard to acquire additional property so that
this project could be done right."
The other trustees have blocked nearly every plan that has been
proposed, the CFF news release said, adding that Assembly "obduracy"
ultimately brought development of the Armenian Genocide museum and
memorial to a standstill.
Realizing that personality clashes were deadlocking AGMM governance,
Mr. Cafesjian resigned his position as chair of the Board of Trustees
in hopes that the project could be revived. Mr. Cafesjian removed
himself from the board in order that AGMM trustees could move the
project forward without the distraction of his presence, the news
release said.
* Project hijacked
Mr. Cafesjian’s gesture did not produce the desired result. Rather
than committing to an appropriate project, the other trustees "lashed
out at Mr. Cafesjian. At a meeting from which the Cafesjian
representative was virtually expelled, the remaining trustees hijacked
the project by delegating all board responsibility regarding AGMM
development to a committee that is answerable to no one," the news
release announced. Thereafter, a seven-year-old study, which had
previously been rejected, was passed off at the Assembly gala in Los
Angeles as the new vision for AGMM. "The rump group apparently intends
to proceed with this plan while excluding CFF from participation in
the development," the news release said.
"Mr. Cafesjian has proposed a strong vision for AGMM," said Mr.
Waters. "And he has contributed property, money, and other significant
resources to move that vision forward. Other trustees, apparently led
by Mr. Hovnanian, oppose a bold vision. If they get their way, the
real estate would be dismantled, and over half the site that we worked
so hard to assemble would be sold, depriving the community of a
once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to have the benefit of a truly
remarkable project.
"Mr. Cafesjian and the Cafesjian Family Foundation are unwilling to
stand by and let the AGMM’s dream be downsized and the assets
squandered," said Mr. Waters. "On behalf of those that have sacrificed
so much, the Cafesjian Family Foundation will continue to fight for a
proper development to commemorate the Armenian people and their
suffering."
***
Contributions funded by current and former Board of Trustee members
for the benefit of the AGMM as of September 2006
Gerard Cafesjian and CFF $ 14,400,000
Anoush Mathevosian $ 3,500,000
Hirair Hovnanian $ 1,500,000
John Waters $ 25,000
Robert Kaloosdian $ 100
Van Krikorian $ 0
Total Board of Trustee Contributions $19,425,100
************************************* **************************************
3. From Washington, in brief
by Emil Sanamyan
* U.S., Russia, and France offer "joint proposal" on basic principles
of Karabakh settlement
On November 29, the three countries that have for over a decade
jointly led the international efforts to address the
Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict made what amounts to a new proposal on
its settlement.
The office of the State Department spokesperson in Washington
reported on the same day that during the annual ministerial meeting of
the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) held
this week in Madrid, U.S. Undersecretary of State Nick Burns along
with the Russian and French foreign ministers met foreign ministers
>From Armenia and Azerbaijan "to demonstrate political-level support
for the OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chair countries’ effort to forge a just
and lasting settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict."
In that meeting, the three co-chairs transmitted a "joint proposal"
that "offered just and constructive solutions" to address the existing
disagreements over basic principles of settlement of the Karabakh
conflict. The Armenian and Azerbaijani governments with the help of
the co-chairs have been engaged in what has been termed as the Prague
process for the past three years, but have not fully agreed on basic
principles of settlement that would precede a development of the
full-scale peace agreement.
The most recent proposal is the fifth settlement option proposed by
international mediators since 1996. The three proposals made up to
1998 sought to put Karabakh inside Azerbaijani borders or did not
address its status. The two latest proposals focused on ways to
formalize Karabakh’s 1991 secession.
Speaking in Madrid, Foreign Minister Vartan Oskanian broadly welcomed
the proposal "as a working document that can serve as the basis for a
preliminary agreement." He said that the "document addresses the core
issue — the security of the people of Nagorno-Karabakh, through
self-determination."
But Mr. Oskanian also noted the continued efforts by Azerbaijan to
undermine the peace process, most recently by obstructing OSCE’s
monthly monitoring of the cease-fire along the Line of Contact.
Azerbaijan’s reaction to the proposal was not immediately available.
* U.S., Russia clash on security policies, elections
Talks between Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and visiting Russian
Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov here this week again highlighted the
long list of disagreements between the two countries. Mr. Lavrov was
in the U.S. to participate in the Middle East peace conference held in
Annapolis, Md.
In addition to now long-standing Russian opposition to a new U.S.
missile defense system in central Europe, as well as tougher sanctions
against Iran and support for Kosovo independence, Moscow this week
accused the U.S. of seeking to undermine the international legitimacy
of Russia’s parliamentary elections on December 2.
The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
decided not to send observers to a vote in which Russia’s
pro-government party is expected to win an overwhelming majority.
Russian President Vladimir Putin blamed the decision on the U.S. But
U.S. and OSCE officials said the decision was a result of the Russian
government’s efforts to restrict the size and the mandate of the
observers.
On November 26, the State Department went on to describe the Russian
government’s efforts to "impede freedom of speech and peaceful
assembly" ahead of the elections as "troubling." Days before, the
Russian police detained the former world chess champion turned
political activist Garry Kasparov on charges of conducting an
"unlawful march" through Moscow; he has since been released.
Studies by one of Russia’s main polling groups () put
support for the pro-Putin "United Russia" party at over 55 percent of
the voters. The next most popular party, the Communists, polled less
than six percent. The Kasparov-led coalition, "The Other Russia,"
which has so far enjoyed marginal public support, has been refused
official registration and is not running for parliament.
* Retired Illinois Rep. Henry Hyde dies
A former senior Republican member of Congress who in 2005 came around
to support a resolution affirming the U.S. record on the Armenian
Genocide passed away on November 29, U.S. media reported the same day.
Rep. Henry Hyde (R.-Ill.) served in Congress for 32 years. He chaired
the House International Relations Committee (2001-6 ) and prior to
that the House Judiciary Committee (1995-2001). He retired early this
year. Family members told the New York Times that Mr. Hyde, 83, died
>From complications following heart surgery.
During the September 2005 committee deliberations over the Genocide
resolution, then-chairman Hyde, despite opposition from the Bush
Administration and the House Republican majority, decided to vote in
favor; the resolution subsequently passed overwhelmingly.
"I have thought long and hard about these resolutions and have
decided to vote in favor," Mr. Hyde said following the committee
debate. "The overriding purpose in all of my work in Congress has been
to promote the interests of the United States.
"I believe it is in the interests of the United States and of Turkey
and Armenia both that we take the lead in dealing with this paralyzing
legacy," he went on to say. "And we must start with a recognition of
the truth. For there is no possibility that this problem can ever be
overcome if we seek to ground any solution on silence and forgetting."
Hyde’s successor at the House Foreign Affairs Committee, Rep. Tom
Lantos (D.-Calif.), who also voted for the resolution in 2005 and
again this past October, called Rep. Hyde a "giant," who "transcended
partisan political considerations."
* UN study: Armenia tops neighbors in "human development"
An annual United Nations study of the world’s development released on
November 27 placed Armenia ahead of its neighbors and in the middle of
the 175 countries ranked. The Human Development Index, which takes
into account life expectancy, education levels, and per capita
economic activity, ranked Armenia 83rd worldwide, followed by Turkey
(84), Iran (94), Georgia (96), and Azerbaijan (98).
In the former Soviet territory, the three Baltic republics were
ranked most developed, occupying places from 43rd to 45th; Belarus was
ranked 64th, and Russia 67th. The HDI list was topped by Iceland,
Norway, and Australia, while Yemen, Uganda, and Gambia were ranked at
bottom.
The HDI report focused on the dangers of worldwide climate change,
which it said was threatening "unprecedented human development
reversals." The UNDP administrator Kemal Dervis (a career World Bank
economist who was Turkish economics minister in 2001-2) said that
"fighting climate change is about our commitment to human development
today and about creating a world that will provide ecological security
for our children and their grandchildren."
connect:
– Nareg Seferian contributed to this week’s column.
***************************************** **********************************
4. Donna Evans recalls her husband’s recall
EDITOR’S NOTE: Donna Evans, wife of former U.S. ambassador to Armenia
John Evans spoke at an Armenian Assembly function on November 18. Ms.
Evans poignantly recalled her experiences during their tenure in
Armenia and the ensuing controversy when her husband used the ‘g’
word. Here we offer excerpts from that speech.
Esteemed clergy, guests and friends. I was asked to speak today on
what it was like to be an ambassador’s wife.
It was an exceptional honor to be the wife of the U.S. ambassador to
Armenia, and it turned out to be a life-changing experience.
I will answer quickly the typical questions that I get from the press
and at receptions: My favorite Armenian foods are apricots and
khorovats. My favorite artists are Ararat Sarkissian, Sahak Sahakian
(in my opinion the Armenian Daumier), and about 25 other artists. I
love the architecture, ancient churches, and khachkars. My favorite
composer is Gomidas, and all melodies played with a duduk. I was awed
by ancient Armenia: the megaliths at Zorakarer and the petroglyphs at
Ughtasar. My favorite pastime was weekends on Lake Sevan in any
weather….
Armenia started as a typical assignment in a whirlwind of activity.
The wife of an ambassador is expected to be involved in charitable
causes. I accepted the co-chairmanship, with Mrs. Bella Kocharian, of
the Armenian-American Wellness Center, a very worthy endeavor which I
am still involved with….
There was tension however. The unwritten policy of the State
Department was that the word "genocide" had to be in quotation marks
and, if spoken, it would be referred to as the "g" word….
Most Foreign Service professionals assigned to Armenia knew that
there was a massacre of Armenians by the Turks in 1915. But they did
not get this information from the State Department’s Background Notes.
They knew, for certain, that the word "genocide" was a strict
taboo….
* Once a year — only
The Armenian Genocide was a very sensitive subject and therefore
avoided in diplomatic circles in Yerevan. The wives of other
ambassadors did not talk about it even in private. The first time we
drove by the Genocide Memorial my husband whispered to me "there’s the
Genocide Memorial." I looked over and caught a fleeting glance of the
spire. As I turned back, our driver’s eyes caught mine in the rear
view mirror. I was so uncomfortable. My husband told me that we were
allowed to go there once a year, on April 24th….
I was unable to join my husband in New Jersey, New York, and in
Watertown and Boston. He reported that all was going well. I finally
caught up with him in California. It was there that he told me he was
going to use the word "genocide" and that it might cost him his job. I
was stunned at first but then very proud of him. I hoped that telling
the truth would result in no more than a reprimand and that he would
be marginalized for a while. I thought that losing his job was the
very worst-case scenario….
What truly amazed me during this time is that the Armenian-American
community did not rush to the press immediately. It was as if they
were protecting the ambassador. Finally, the story came out, in San
Francisco. We returned to New York and then my husband went on to
Washington to brief the State Department on what had transpired. The
reaction was not pretty to say the least. He writes about this episode
in some detail in his [forthcoming] book. I was sick at heart. John
had to leave immediately for a conference in Germany where it was
impossible to reach him. He did not know whether his recall orders
would be on his desk when he returned to Yerevan….
Then the calls of support started to come in. Prominent people from
the Armenian-American diaspora, the Assembly, our family and friends,
all wanted me to get the word to John telling him not to resign. It
was unthinkable that the Turkish ambassador and the Government of
Turkey had enough clout to get a knee-jerk reaction from the State
Department and cause the recall of an ambassador….
* The dreaded call
Not resigning was the right thing to do. My husband had not committed
a crime, he only acknowledged a crime! We returned to Yerevan and
acted as if it was business as usual…. Then, on July 2, 2005, the
dreaded telephone call came….John told me that [Assistant Secretary
of State] Dan Fried had called and that his position was about to be
posted as open for the summer of 2006 and that we could be removed at
any time. He was told not to reveal this information until the formal
announcement….
I was furious! This call came just before July the 4th, Independence
Day, and axed a professional diplomat with 35 years of faithful
service to his government and a 12th-generation American just because
he said "genocide" in an academic setting in the United States….
The pressure was on. [There was] wild speculation in the Armenian
papers [in Armenia], some calling my husband a hero and others not so
flattering and some downright ridiculous. Again the press had a field
day. My husband’s answer had to be "I serve at the pleasure of the
President." I died a little every time I heard him say it….
At last, support came in quiet whispers and private conversations
with wives of ambassadors.
The diplomatic community was supporting us privately. I would like to
give special recognition to Rita Balian, Cleo Cafesjian, Edith
Khatchatourian, each in her own special way was a support during the
darkest hours. I am also grateful to my Armenian girlfriends, Nona
Kirakosyan and Maya Ryan, intelligent women with a great sense of
humor who managed to survive Armenia during the difficult 90s without
too much bitterness and with an eye to the future for their children.
An unforgettable day in my life was April 24, 2006. As many of you
know, a group of Armenian- Americans living in Yerevan, led by Edith
Khatchatourian, started the Yellow Ribbon campaign….
How this was pulled together and who supported it is a remarkable
story. Thousands upon thousands of Armenians tied yellow ribbons on a
fence leading up to the Genocide Memorial.
Military officers, the elderly, the very young, people from all walks
of life tied a ribbon when told it was in support of my husband. I
wish I could give them all a hug individually.
Then the White House announced that Ambassador Richard Hoagland was
to replace my husband. It was the beginning of the end for
us….Ambassador Hoagland did not make it through the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee unscathed but my husband was recalled nonetheless.
There were no winners in this battle….
This brings us to current events. When Resolution 106 was voted out
of Committee, it was one of the happiest days of my life. That evening
we had dinner with… Catholicos [Karekin II], his entourage,
supporters and friends. It was a celebratory dinner. During a toast my
husband cautioned that there was a lot of work yet to be done. I
chided him on the way home that he had put a wet blanket on the
celebration….
What followed was the worst turn of events that I had witnessed in
all my time in Washington
The supporters of the recognition of the Genocide were in shock and
awe at the cruel commentaries, articles and Internet buzz. What we
were witnessing was a hyper-overkill of a human rights issue
The Armenian experience has woven itself into my soul like the
intricate carvings in the khachkars. It is beautiful, it is sad, and
it is hopeful. So what do we do now? We don’t give up….
Grassroots support is vital. You are vital. This issue needs to be
resolved. You and your ancestors deserve an apology and a recognition
of the first genocide of the 20st century — the Armenian Genocide
Thank you.
******************************************** *******************************
5. Treatment of foundations in Turkey threatens the survival of
non-Muslim communities
* A history of confiscations
by Talin Suciyan
Before his assassination in January, Agos editor Hrant Dink was very
concerned with the issue of the confiscation of the property of
non-Muslim community foundations in Turkey. It was this issue, perhaps
more than anything else, that made him a target of ultranationalists.
The issue is a crucial one because policies implemented since the
1970s have aimed at starving non-Muslim communities of their financial
means, thus in the long run erasing their existence for good.
The communities need their properties to finance their institutions
— churches, schools, hospitals, cemeteries, and charities that care
for the elderly and those in need.
Mr. Dink showed that confiscating the properties of non-Muslim
communities and selling those properties, most often to
ultranationalist groups, has become common practice in Turkey. Media
outlets owned or affiliated with such groups thus often targetted him.
* Decades of confiscation
The story starts with the Statement of 1936. Through that regulation,
the government required community foundations to make a list of their
properties and submit the list to the government. The regulation did
not become a major issue until 1974.
All along, Republican Turkey had been implementing economic policies
aimed at weakening non-Muslim communities. There was the Wealth Tax of
1942, a one-time levy imposed on assets rather than income; by valuing
the assets of wealthy non-Muslims much higher than their actual worth,
the government seized their assets.
There were the pogroms of September 6-7, 1955 against non-Muslims. A
bomb planted in Thessalonica in the house of Mustafa Kemal, founder of
the Turkish republic, served as an occasion for organized groups of
people to attack and ransack shops and houses belonging to
non-Muslims. Some 37 people were killed and 200 women raped. (See
Speros Vryonis Jr., The Mechanism of Catastrophe.) Later it was
revealed that the bomb was planted by a state agent.
In 1964, residents of Turkey who held Greek citizenship were forced
to leave the country with no more than 20 kg (44 lbs) of their
belongings and no more than $20. They were paying the price for the
conflict in Cyprus.
* A search for Jesus
In 1974, with a decision of the Court of Cassation, the government
started to confiscate and then sell properties that belonged to
non-Muslim community foundations. It argued that non-Muslim
communities did not have the right to acquire or own any properties
other than those listed persuant to the Statement of 1936. This
decision was widely condemned as a wilful violation of the Treaty of
Lausanne (in which Turkey guaranteed non-Moslem minorities "the same
treatment and security in law and in fact as other Turkish nationals"
and, in particular, "an equal right to establish, manage and control
at their own expense, any charitable, religious and social
institutions, any schools and other establishments for instruction and
education"). It was also seen as a violation of the Turkish
constitution, which guarantees the right to own property, and the
European Convention on Human Rights.
Following this decision, the General Directorate of Foundations (GDF)
launched another policy to liquidate the foundations. It decreed that
it would govern "foundations that are not serving any community
anymore." Thus, if a foundation owned a property it no longer used
directly, it could no longer control that property. The GDF then
started looking for churches, schools, and other institutions to take
over.
The GDF gave itself the right to decide on behalf of the foundation
that owned a church or a school whether that church or school was
needed by the community. This law has changed recently.
Another method of taking over the administration of community
foundations relies on the fact that many properties were registered in
the names of saints, an Ottoman-era practice.
Officials of the GDF went out and looked for a person named "Jesus,
son of Saint Mary" at the given address of a foundation. Not finding
any such person, the officials would decree, "there being no such
person, the foundation should be administered by GDF."
Recently, the English-language newspaper Today’s Zaman published a
news item on community foundations, "Turkish minority foundations own
over 2,000 estates." The item began, "The foundations established by
various minorities in Turkey own over 2,000 items of real estate, most
of which are located in Istanbul districts where real estate prices
are generally higher, according to a recent study conducted by the
General Directorate of Foundations."
The news item gave the names of the foundations along with the number
of properties each one owns. Can the GDF answer the question how many
thousands, tens of thousands of properties, reaching how many billion
dollars of value have been confiscated and sold to third persons? It
would be a great research topic for GDF, for the next time.
* New regulation
Since confiscations continued and the Turkish legal system offered no
respite, non-Muslim community foundations started turning to the
European Court of Human Rights. For instance, the Armenian Hospital
Foundation brought a case to the ECHR, protesting the confiscation of
properties acquired between 1943 and 1963. The Turkish government
agreed to return the property. In another case brought to the ECHR, a
building that had belonged to the Greek High School had been sold to
third persons by the state. Turkey ended up paying compensation for
the property to the tune of 890,000 euros.
With the issue internationalized, the government prepared a new law
last year, which was vetoed by then-president Ahmet Necdet Sezer. The
law is back in parliament, pending a vote.
In a panel discussion on the matter, Kezban Hatemi, a lawyer and
legal consultant of the Greek Patriarchate, said that Mr. Sezer
regarded non-Muslim "community foundations as ‘foundations belonging
to foreigners’ and vetoed the new law. In the reason of his decision,
it was stated that they (community foundations) are ‘very dangerous,’
and in case they are given properties, they would become powerful."
Ms. Hatemi said, "No property is given to anyone; confiscated
properties should be returned to their owners."
* "Legalizing the illegality"
The pending law is not enough to solve the problems of non-Muslim
community foundations, lawyers and community members insist.
Nevertheless, the law would enable
* the acquisition of legal personality for foundations registered in
the names of saints in the case of those not yet taken over by the
GDF;
* the return of properties that have not been sold and are still under
the control of the state;
* the acquisition of new properties by foundations, with the right to
use them as they wish.
In the same panel discussion, Prof. Hüseyin Hatemi said the new law
"legalizes the illegality." He said the new law does not include and
should have included the following:
1) Returning or paying compensation for properties that were
confiscated by court orders;
2) Returning or paying compensation for properties that were sold to
third parties by the state;
3) Returning the confiscated properties of community foundations,
which were confiscated on the basis of not having legal personality
(meaning the ones registered in the names of saints);
4) Returning to foundations the control of properties whose
administration was taken over by the GDF;
5) Ending the confiscation of the properties of the non-Muslim
community foundations.
Until the new law is put in place, the GDF can continue its
practices. The latest example is the Greek school in Edirnekapi. The
school is not in use anymore because of a lack of students. The GDF
took the Aya Yorgi Church in 1991 under its control, arguing that
there was no community left. In May 2007, the GDF rented the school,
which is in the garden of the church, to a third party, for the
purpose of opening a café and billiard saloon. According to the
Ministry of National Education, it is prohibited to use schools for
other than educational purposes. Although the Greek Patriarchate sent
a letter to the governor of Istanbul, no answer has been given, Agos
reported on November 9 in a story by Dilek Kurban.
The governing AKP does not intend to make a radical change in its
attitudes toward the non-Muslim communities and their problems. It
rather gives enough space to forces that would like to see non-Muslim
minorities as "internal threats." The AKP’s attitude toward the new
law for community foundations and Article 301 of the criminal code
(which criminalizes "insulting Turkishness") is almost the same. The
AKP government does not consider abolishing it. The AKP wants to make
changes to Article 301, just like the changes it proposes to make in
the law on foundations.
************************************ ***************************************
6. What does Armenia expect from the brand "Europe"?
by Vigen Sargsyan
In a keynote address delivered at an international conference in
Yerevan, Vigen Sargsyan, assistant to the president of the Republic of
Armenia, explored Armenia’s expectations of Europe and of itself as
part of the European neighborhood.
Excerpts from the speech, delivered on November 19 at the opening
session of "The European Union is 50: Integration in the ENP Area,"
follow.
The tactics of the European Neighborhood Policy are shaped on the go.
Those tactics most probably will be changing as we test and learn
through our mistakes. The speed of cooperation will alter in case of
each country, conditioned by the levels of motivation.
In this age of global brands, we are a part of an increasingly
consuming society. We often buy and we do what is popular, what is
prestigious and recognizable, and not what we really need. The first
issue I want to address therefore is: What do we in Armenia expect to
get from our European shopping? Are we in Brussels to refill the
stocks of our European heritage or are we "brandaholics" who die to
obtain something absolutely above our purchasing capacity and beyond
our essential needs?
Answering this first question we necessarily come across a
level-of-analysis problem: What is Europe? Is it a geographic unit or
a home to people with the same, European, identity? Is it a lifestyle?
Is it a common market or a form of multi-national corporation?
Lately sharing with a friend my impressions from different European
countries, I suddenly realized how diverse Europe is and how different
are the Europeans. From cuisine to dress codes, from home design to
working hours, from preferred mode of transportation to music listened
and played, Europeans are different to extremes. There are many ways
in which Arabs are much closer to Spaniards than the Finns are.
Europeans are as different as pudding and baklava.
The geography test fails too. Is Turkey in or out? What about Russia,
at least to the Ural Mountains? Who has decided Europe shall stop
where it does in the Mediterranean, and should extend as far as it
goes in the Atlantic?
In organizational structures it becomes even worse:
The OSCE, including the United States, Canada, Kazakhstan, and the
others, the EU, excluding Norway, and the Council of Europe, which
more than a decade ago was already confident to speak about the
European heritage of the South Caucasus states.
This all makes the picture extremely confusing.
And then the only answer I find to the difficult question of what
Europe is, is that of ideological commonality, based on the deeply
rooted system of liberal values. Liberalism, born in the European
international society and since then spread around the globe, is the
key factor making Europe so attractive. Liberalism — in the most
pragmatic dimension of human freedoms and protected liberties. In the
fashionable discussions on illiberal democracies we often miss a major
point. That is while we know many examples of illiberal democracies,
it is virtually impossible to recall any example to the contrary. I
mean undemocratic liberalisms.
It is not about the amount of money, since there are countries much
richer than many European ones. It is not about the living conditions,
since there are many regions environmentally much cleaner and socially
much more accommodating. But there is no place in the world where a
human being — a citizen or an alien alike — feels as free and as
protected.
And that freedom and the respect, that attitude — they come first.
Labels shall follow, not vice versa. Many Eastern European societies
today seem to be frustrated and confused. They have been named members
of the EU, but they woke up next morning exactly the same they were on
the eve of their accession festivities. The political processes was
completed and economic reforms were sustainable, however the societal
transformation that would make them true and contemporary Europeans in
terms of human liberalism, if I may offer that term, was not
completed. And it could not be.
* Second-generation reforms
It takes a change in generation, living in the new economic formation,
growing up in a different set of rules, procedures, and most
importantly realities to achieve a value-based European society. In
each of the ENP states, just like in many of the newly admitted EU
members, conditions vary significantly.
What makes Europe attractive for Armenia, and first of all for the
people of Armenia, is the liberal freedom it is based upon….
It has been many times reiterated by President Kocharian and Foreign
Minister Oskanian that Armenia views the European integration and ENP
framework as a new catalyst of the liberal reforms in the country. And
that tool comes extremely timely, as Armenia has launched the second
generation of reforms, where specific professional expertise is an
essential requirement for successful fine-tuning of the key regulatory
mechanisms….
Despite being an ENP participant, a country could and most probably
would successfully fail if it substitutes for real reforms political
rhetoric about its European aspirations. As an Eastern saying goes:
the mouth does not get sweet by repeating "halva."…
That is precisely why ENP action plans must be drafted, adopted,
implemented, reviewed, and revisited on the most pragmatic grounds of
the country’s sustainable development needs. In the very spirit of
liberalism, the ENP is based upon carrots, with no substantial sticks.
It therefore takes serious self-discipline and mutual commitment to
move that process on….
* No business as usual
The visit of President Kocharian to Brussels this October was the
fifth in the last ten years. However, it was anything but routine,
business as usual. The issues on the agenda, the depth and the
character of the discussions proved a major change in the level of
dialogue. Visa facilitation, trade regimes, establishment of European
regional centers in Armenia, scientific, cultural and educational
cooperation are only a few of the domains on which there is mutual
understanding and definite commitment.
We were particularly encouraged to note that the Commission’s
proposals for our future joint action fully coincide and support our
country’s agenda for change. Be it in the field of political,
economic, legal, or social reform, what we are asked to do coincides
with what we have already planned to do. Probably with the exception
of the outstanding Metsamor [Armenian Nuclear Power Plant] issue,
there is a full meeting of minds. On Metsamor our minds also meet,
even if reasonably disagreeing at that meeting point.
* Armenia’s contribution
To grow to the level of a full and efficient partnership, the ENP has
to be based on giving along with the receiving. It shall be a mutually
enriching dialogue. What is it that we, as neighbors can contribute
toward the achievement of the EU agenda?
I believe the very term of "European Neighborhood" explains what our
European partners expect from us. What would each of us expect from
our neighbors in a condominium or a local community?
Contribution to common security,
Refraining from creating trouble and problems for the living space,
Predictability for each other,
Friendly relations, capped by non-interference in our domestic
affairs and privacy.
We all understand that prosperity surrounded by poverty is a time-bomb.
Illegal migration, high criminality, including cross-border cartels,
social conflicts are all rooted in imbalanced development. To enjoy
own achievements one needs to be able to share those achievements with
like-minded people, at a similar level of interests and
sophistication.
We, therefore, must realize that if we want to contribute toward the
advancement of a common European living space, we need to become more
stable, more transparent, more committed.
We must actively promote a diversified and competitive economy,
prioritize and advance rural development, invest more in people —
providing better healthcare and better education. And particularly
that education has to be European — in terms of the languages our
children speak, programs they cross-register for within the Bolognia
concept of student mobility, involvement of the state-of-art
long-distance learning technologies and electronic libraries.
We often look to Europe to get help in addressing our regional problems.
We expect Europe to mediate between us and support us in implementation.
We must be honest in recognizing that without us Europe has enough to
address, do, and solve. While the European structures and EU
member-states are willing to support us in a friendly manner, their
most preferred scenario would be not to have any new disputes and
issues to look into.
They would love to see us solving our own controversies.
We, the neighbor states, must do our best to build up a solid foreign
policy based on values, not short-term benefits. Advancing on the
basis of short-term benefits usually brings long-term troubles.
We must contribute toward common security. And that contribution has
got to be substantial: through solving existing controversies and
preventing spreading of the new ones. We must realize that there is no
place for dividing lines neither within Europe, nor in its
neighborhood.
Now, when ENP states are given the opportunity to align themselves
with EU foreign policy statements, we must become more active on
issues and situations that till now seemed to be irrelevant to our
immediate needs.
We must realize that we are part of a wider society and be prepared
to express ourselves on the accordingly wider agenda.
For that we need to develop our resources in academia, media, public
sector, and within interest groups. The size of a state shall not
preclude it from offering and speaking out on a wider policy agenda.
For that our international relations studies must extend their
research and teaching beyond the regional system. Our think-tanks must
offer programs specializing in narrow professional issues and
country-specific studies. Our media must finally recruit professional
international-relations commentators and take a more active stance on
issues that seem to take place far away and much beyond Karabakh and
Genocide recognition topics….
The process of European integration historically has not been an easy
one. From the Peace of Westphalia and Vienna Congress to Versailles
and Potsdam, from the Coal and Steel Union to our days of the
Constitutional Treaty, it has always been a struggle, but more
importantly — an improvisation on the go.
********************************************* ******************************
7. The ARF nominates Vahan Hovhanessian as its presidential candidate
for Armenia
by Maria Titizian
YEREVAN — The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) at its party
congress on November 30, nominated Vahan Hovhanessian as its candidate
for Armenia’s presidency. The elections are slated for February 19,
2008. Mr. Hovhanessian is the deputy speaker of the National Assembly
and a member of the ARF’s Bureau.
The ARF, which is in a power sharing deal with Prime Minister Serge
Sargsian’s Republican Party of Armenia and the Prosperous Armenia
Party , has long stipulated that it would be fielding its own
candidate for the presidential elections and would not be endorsing
another candidate. The ARF currently has three ministers in
government.
The party was expected to name its candidate during a party congress
held back in September. Instead, the congress floated the names of two
potential candidates, Vahan Hovhanessian and Armen Rustamian, chair of
the National Assembly’s Committee on Foreign Relations and chair of
the ARF’s Supreme Council.
The two men spent the next six weeks meeting with potential voters
and party members in Yerevan and throughout the country.
From November 24 to 29, the ARF conducted a nonbinding primary, the
first of its kind in Armenia, to gauge the public’s opinion about the
two potential candidates. Makeshift voting stations were set up
throughout Yerevan and the country giving citizens an opportunity to
read about the two candidates and then vote for the one they believed
would best represent the party.
The party congress was held in the Government building on Republic
Square with the participation of the party leadership, 79 delegates,
50 non-voting representatives from the diaspora, and approximately 400
non-voting representatives of the party from around Armenia. Prime
Minister Serge Sargsian was in attendance, as were representatives of
other political parties.
After welcoming remarks the chair of the meeting, Hrair Karapetian
invited Galust Sahakian of the Republican Party of Armenia, Arevik
Petrosyan of Prosperous Armenia, Mher Shahverdian of the Orinats
Yerkir Party, and former prime minister Vazgen Manukian of the
National Democratic Union in turn to the podium.
Mr. Manukian said that during the Soviet era many Armenians,
including himself dreamt of a free homeland. "We thought that we could
realize that with the ARF." When the ARF returned to the homeland
however, he said that they saw that there were ideological differences
but they still worked together. "A party such as the ARF that has a
117-year history is part of our national value-system," said Mr.
Manukian.
He said that they have a lot of history with the ARF, through
victories and through losses and appealed to the party to go forward
shoulder to shoulder with them.
"Old friends should unite," he said in closing, echoing the ARF’s
electoral slogan "Our old friend is the ARF." Among other prominent
guests were Samuel Babayan, Arshak Sadoyan, Albert Bazeyan, Ludmilla
Harutiunian, representatives from the Heritage Party, and Vahe
Aghabegians of the Armenia Fund.
* The candidates have their say
The floor was then given to the two candidates. First was Armen
Rustamian who recapped the candidates’ activities. He spoke about the
primary, which he considered very successful. Mr. Rustamian said that
this informal primary would serve as a base for the strengthening of
democracy in the country. He highlighted the party’s determination and
commitment to having its own candidate in the presidential elections.
Mr. Rustamian stressed that there is a demand on the part of society
to fundamentally change the way things operate in the country. He
touched upon those issues that are important to the security of the
country including the peaceful resolution of the Karabakh conflict,
internal domestic issues, Armenia-diaspora relationship,
anti-corruption policies, the development of civil society, justice,
and fairness. He spoke about the dangers of the polarization of
society; of a state within a state, where a minority has all the
rights and privileges but none of the responsibilites. He emphasized
that the law must be applicable to all and that no one is above the
law.
"In 2008 there will be elections in Azerbaijan and Georgia. We have
to come out of our own elections stronger and more democratic to
guarantee our security in the region," said Mr. Rustamian. He spoke
about the importance of fair elections, which would indicate that our
political system has matured and would allieviate some of the
inequality and disillusionment felt by large swaths of our society.
* The people cast their votes
Armen Rustamian then announced the results of the plebiscite. Over a
five-day period 288,697 people took part in the voting. Of these
ballots 6,211 were invalid because both candidates’ names were ticked
off. Mr. Hovhanessian received 149,717 votes (53 percent) and Mr.
Rustamian 132,769 (47 percent). Mr. Rustamian said that although the
plebiscite was nonbinding, the opinion of the electorate was pivotal.
After thanking everyone for taking part in this historic voting, Mr.
Rustamian announced he was withdrawing his candidacy in favor of Mr.
Hovhanessian. His announcement prompted a standing ovation and
cheering from the delegates and guests.
The next to speak was Mr. Hovhanessian. He said that it was very
difficult to speak after his colleague’s speech and subsequent
announcement. He said he was surprised but reminded everyone that the
ARF’s rules do not recognize resignations or withdrawals and therefore
the election would go on.
Mr. Hovhanessian said that Armenia stands before a very critical
choice. "I am not talking about the presidential elections," he said.
"I am talking about ‘rights’ and ‘authority’ — these are two
components which are inseparable. They must find a balance and that
balance is democracy. This balance has been breached. It was not
achieved during foreign occuption or during the Soviet Union or even
during the rule of the Armenian National Movement (ANM). We must learn
to live under the rule of law. In order to govern, a government has to
have authority and influence. Today power and money are the things
that have authority. They have become our values."
The candidate said that given the choice between raw power and moral
power, the ARF chooses the latter. Between authority and ideology, the
ARF chooses ideology. He said that the ARF has never betrayed or been
unfaithful to its principles. "We have always put forth our issues
before the president of Armenia and the government and through our own
political activity have tried to bring qualitative improvements."
* "No one should ever bribe the people"
He went on to list what the ARF has done in the past decade starting
>From demanding constitutional changes in 1998 to the law on dual
citizenship to anti-corruption. He said that the party was not
satisfied with all the results. He spoke at length about the country’s
economy and the very liberal attitudes toward the development of the
economic sector. He also spoke about election corruption. He posed the
question, "Who should we expect to change this situation? The previous
administration? Definitely not. Today’s administration? No, there need
to be comprehensive changes. Therefore we elect the future
administration." He said that the elections were akin to a trial,
where every four years the judge and jury were the people and "no one
should ever bribe the people."
After the conclusion of Mr. Hovhanessian’s speech, all non-voting
members and guests were asked to leave the room so that the voting
members, 79 of them, could cast their ballots. After a 30-minute break
everyone returned and the results were announced: 3 votes for both
candidates; 16 votes for Mr. Rustamian; 60 votes for Mr. Hovhanessian.
After the announcement there was a standing ovation with people
cheering ‘A.R.F.’ and the score from the ARF’s parliamentary election
campaign song could be heard playing throughout the hall.
Mr. Hovhanessian once again came to the podium, thanked everyone,
including Mr. Rustamian, the delegates, the voters, and all the
guests. He said that he hoped that this process would introduce
openness, transperency, and fairness into the electoral process in the
country. He said that it was a great honor for him to represent the
ARF in 2008 and promised that the ARF would succeed.
* Not a two-horse race
Supporters of the ARF hope that with the nomination of Mr.
Hovhanessian the campaign for the presidency has taken on a new
dimension. The return to politics of former president Levon
Ter-Petrossian in late September, and his announcement in October that
he would seek the presidency, have created a great deal of buzz.
Although polls show Mr. Ter-Petrossian’s to have little popular
support, the election has come to seem like a two-way race between Mr.
Sargsian and Mr. Ter-Petrossian.
The entry of Mr. Hovanessian into the race may well change that
dynamic. In the parliamentary elections in May, the ARF gathered the
highest proportion of the vote after the two parties supporting Mr.
Sargsian. And for the last several weeks there have been news reports
about efforts by the ARF to form political alliances with other
political forces in the country, mainly Vazgen Manukian (who won
around 50 percent of the vote in 1996) and Raffi Hovannisian of the
Heritage Party.
****************************************** *********************************
8. Armenian parliament approves 2008 budget
YEREVAN — The Armenian parliament on November 28 approved the 2008
budget by a vote of 82 in favor, 2 against, with 8 abstentions. The
budget, which was presented by the government was approved after
discussions and amendments in the National Assembly. All parties
represented in the National Assembly submitted proposals for
amendments.
This budget is expected to realize second-generation reforms in the
country. The projected budget includes expenditures of 820 billion AMD
($2.65 billion) and revenues at 744 billion AMD, with a deficit of 76
billion drams. Growth of the country’s GDP is forecast at 10 percent
with a 4 percent inflation target. Initially the budget was going to
set the U.S. dollar rate to the Armenian dram at 336 AMD, but due to
the instability of the dollar the rate was reset at 325 drams for a
dollar.
Artsvik Minasyan, deputy chair of the parliamentary Committee on
Financial Credit and Budgetary Affairs, said 47.2 percent of Armenia’s
2008 budget is earmarked for the social sector. Those sectors to
benefit are culture, science and education, health and social
programs. This is the first time that nearly half of the Armenian
budget is being allocated to social programs. Most of the proposals
made by different political factions concerned improvement in the
education, health and social sector with emphasis on water supply
system and transportation.
According to Mr. Minasyan, the 2008 expenditures represent a 30
percent surge from last year’s level. The sharp increase is partly due
to the fact that the government will for the first time include social
security taxes and subsidies to the state pension fund into its
budget.
************************************* **************************************
9. Activists protest violence against women
by Betty Panossian-Ter Sargssian
YEREVAN — The International Day for the Elimination of Violence
against Women was marked in Yerevan on November 25 by a small march of
solidarity to stop violence against women in Armenia. Posters reading
"It’s enough!" could be seen throughout Republic Square.
Organized by the Women’s Resource Center, an Armenian nongovernmental
organization, in cooperation with Women’s Coalition for Peace in the
South Caucasus, the march denounced violence against women everywhere,
>From the home to conflict zones. Several nongovernmental organizations
dealing with women’s issues in the South Caucasus, from Armenia,
Turkey, Azerbaijan, Abkhazia, Ossetia, and Georgia united their
capacities on the same day into a regional demonstration of solidarity
and organized several activities in their respective countries with
the same goal.
Although the Women’s Resource Center has previously organized similar
demonstrations on the International Day for the Elimination of
Violence against Women, this year it encountered some difficulties.
"This year the Municipality of Yerevan denied us a license to
demonstrate in the streets of Yerevan. Therefore, we tried to limit
the number of participants to less than a hundred, because the law
allows a demonstration without a license if the participants are less
than a hundred," explained Lara Aharonian, president of the Women’s
Resource Center.
The few dozen participants, mostly young women, wore red-and-white
bands, the red symbolizing the past of women in the South Caucasus
which was ripe with torture and hardship, and the white symbolizing a
future where violence has no place.
"We want to speak out about the violence that women suffer in peace
and in war, but also want to address the fact that in our region while
women are the main bearers of the consequences of war, they are
totally left out of peace negotiations," Ms. Aharonian added.
The march concluded at Republic Square, where participants sealed
their mouths with black bands. "By strapping our mouths we protest in
the name of all women who are not allowed or are afraid to talk about
violence," said Ms. Aharonian. "In Armenia women and men do not
possess the same limits. Anything is possible for men, but not for
women, who have to be submissive. We still have to reach to a status,
where women are full-fledged individuals," said Armineh Mnatsakanyan,
a 38-year-old homemaker, who stopped for a few minutes with her
seven-year-old son to read all the poster boards.
"I don’t understand what all these mean. I wouldn’t say that violence
toward women in Armenia is of much concern," said a male passerby, who
refused to disclose his name.
The term violence against women includes physical, psychological,
sexual, and economic harm or suffering to women. The Women’s Resource
Center works to mobilize women and other NGOs in Armenia to create a
voice for women in order to eradicate abuse against them.
******************************************* ********************************
10. Should Armenia have a separate law on domestic violence?
by Betty Panossian-Ter Sargssian
YEREVAN — Armenia’s criminal code lacks laws specifically addressing
domestic violence. Issues related to domestic violence in Armenia are
currently regulated by laws applicable to other similar crimes such as
battery and assault. However, the Women’s Rights Center, a
nongovernmental organization asserts that the rights of abused women
are not being completely defended.
The Women’s Rights Center commissioned a nationwide survey attempting
to determine the scope of domestic violence and abuse of women in
Armenia. The findings of the survey, carried out over the last several
months and among a representative sample of 1,006 Armenian women
between the ages of 18 and 75, revealed that domestic violence and
abuse of women is a persisting problem, often justified by the
survivors themselves.
For the past ten years, the Women’s Rights Center has had input in
the protection of women’s rights in Armenia. "During our practice with
issues related to domestic violence, our attorneys have faced many
difficulties related to laws. There are many sensitive matters when it
comes to dealing with domestic violence, and they can be settled with
appropriate laws," saod Sousanna Vardanyan of the center to the
Armenian Reporter. "Society needs a separate law on domestic violence.
We don’t even have a definition of domestic violence."
Having to work with laws which do not specifically address domestic
violence poses difficulties for lawyers, as well as for
nongovernmental organizations (NGO) dealing with issues related to
women. "The provisions of other laws do not enable the courts to fully
defend the woman. For that very reason it is more appropriate to have
a separate law, which includes a definition on domestic violence and
all provisions and mechanisms suitable for various possible cases,"
says Ms. Vardanyan.
Ms. Vardanyan explained that there is a great deal of difference
between a law that addresses violence in general, and one specifically
related to domestic violence. "A violent fight between two neighbors
is a completely different situation than a fight within the household.
If in the first case the woman can go to the police, in the case of
domestic violence the woman is much more constrained."
A separate law on domestic violence will protect the woman’s rights
to defend herself and her family. "In the absence of a law on domestic
violence when a woman goes to the police to report violence by her
husband, the police refer to the case based on laws on general
violence. The husband is regarded as someone who has exerted violent
force and not as husband and father at the same time. The law on
domestic violence takes into consideration the sensitivities of the
family. It takes the family at its center. The presence of a law also
is an indicator to what extent we are serious to combating domestic
violence."
Will a law on domestic violence eradicate domestic violence in
Armenia? "The presence of a law will definitely empower women to
defend their basic rights more. It may not eliminate domestic
violence, as it takes place in many countries where such laws exist.
However, I do believe that it will set limitations and decrease the
number of incidents," said Ms. Vardanyan.
Ruzan Arakelyan, a member of Armenia’s National Assembly, who is an
advocate for any resolution related to defending women’s issues and
rights, agrees that any developed country should embrace laws
addressing women’s problems. However, she says that passing a separate
law on violence against women is a very sensitive matter. According to
Ms. Arakelyan, "We cannot generalize the problem as something related
to the Armenian family as a whole." The family unit is considered an
integral part of Armenian society. When NGOs or women’s groups raise
the issue of domestic violence it is seen as an assault on the
Armenian family. These stereotypes need to be broken down and the
whole issue of domestic violence must be seen as an impediment to the
growth of society and not only as a problem affecting women.
"I do not deny that there are families in Armenia encountering the
problem of domestic violence and abuse of women," said Ms. Arakelyan.
She also noted that in Armenia there are many problems related to
women and domestic violence is something that should be addressed with
sensitivity.
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11. The Armenia-Turkey soccer match is inevitable
by Armen Hakobyan
An event that took place in the Republic of South Africa on November
25 confirmed that an Armenia-Turkey match is inevitable.
Representatives of the two countries must have at least two official
meetings by the year 2010. Let us state for the record that what we’re
talking about is soccer.
In a drawing, Armenia and Turkey both landed in group 5 of the
European zone of the qualifying rounds for the World Cup, which will
take place in South Africa in 2010. Spain, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina
and Estonia are also in the same group.
* The lessons of the not too distant past
Even though soccer is a much-loved sport in Armenia and among
Armenians in general, to date our national team has not achieved
anything outstanding, nor have our clubs. However, whenever Armenia’s
national team enters the field, soccer becomes more than just a sport
for many of us. Although most soccer fans used to go to the stadium
half-heartedly and void of hope, today soccer in Armenia for many is a
different story.
It’s true, Armenia’s national team did not qualify to participate in
the Euro 2008 finals. In recent qualifying matches against group
leaders Poland (1:0), Portugal (1:1), and Serbia (0:0) Armenia’s
fantastic performances gave fans great enjoyment and more importantly
hope, encouraging them to return again and again to the stands at
Republican Stadium in Yerevan.
The role of the late Scot, Ian Porterfield, in all this cannot be
denied. After assuming the position of head coach of the Armenian
national team a year ago, Mr. Porterfield transformed the team even
though the lineup of the players remained almost the same. If we leave
the analysis of the elements of soccer to ardent fans and experts,
then the most important thing to note is that we finally saw players
on the pitch who had come to win with a fighting spirit. They seemed
to pull together and put all their efforts into the game. They were in
no way physically inferior to their competitors and they seemed to
experience a psychologically transformation, standing with their heads
held high with a clear understanding of their mission.
Tragically, Ian Porterfield succumbed to cancer on September 11 and
the Armenian national team played its next four matches without its
beloved head coach. During the last three matches (Belgium, Portugal,
and Kazakhstan) the Armenian National Team was defeated, by not
getting a single goal and missing five.
What are the main lessons of the tournament? Firstly, a weak team,
such as our national team definitely needs a coach who is experienced
and entirely devoted to his work. During a recent press conference the
president of the Armenian Football Federation, Ruben Hayrapetian
announced that the issue can only be solved by a foreign coach and
currently the federation is in negotiation with some candidates.
Secondly, psychological readiness is a very important factor in
sport. This is especially true in the case of our team, which needs a
coach-psychologist.
Thirdly, it is necessary to work on their strategy and physical fitness.
Fourth, the combination of unity and belief in one’s strengths and
abilities presents itself as an insurmountable obstacle for rivals,
even those who are considered to be stronger.
The most important element is that the four matches (2 victories, 2
draws) during the middle phase of the tournament obviously shows that
the national team of Armenia has serious potential and with clever
guidance can display its talent and improve.
* And the hopes for the future
Mr. Hayrapetian announced that the issue of reaching the finals in the
2010 World Cup will be placed before Armenia’s national soccer team.
In other words, the president of the Armenian Football Association has
placed a challenge before the team. For this to happen our team must
position itself in first or at least second place in its group where
teams like Spain and Turkey are included.
Is this possible? Without "Armenian arrogance," we can say yes, it is
possible if the above "lessons" are learned. It is possible if the
boys enter the pitch and play with selfless devotion. It is possible
if we find a coach who will uncover the full potential of our team and
use it sensibly and prudently. The fact that our team wears the colors
of the Armenian flag is significant — is a flag for which our nation
has paid a very high price for with the blood of its sons. And this
places a further burden and responsibility upon our players.
Even if our soccer players were not commissioned with the task of
reaching the finals, the matches with Turkey’s national team itself
have a significance. When the national teams of two countries that
don’t have diplomatic relations meet for a soccer match, there’s
nothing left to say. Not only does Turkey not recognize the Armenian
Genocide, it also continues to actively hinder the international
recognition of that crime against humanity. Moreover, Turkey continues
its hostile policy toward Armenia, the prime example of which is the
continuing blockade.
Despite these difficulties UEFA president Michel Platini on November
30 said the World Cup qualifying games due to take place between
Turkey and Armenia are expected to go ahead despite bitter political
divisions.
He said, "There hasn’t been any indication of a potential problem and
the cancellation of matches."
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12. Commentary: Telethon 2007: "One cow feeds a family of four"
by Sylvie Tertzakian
My daily morning routine of reading the paper over a strong cup of
Armenian coffee was disrupted by my anticipation of the 15th Armenian
Telethon this Thanksgiving morning. In addition to ignoring the paper
that was waiting on our driveway, I also chose to shut out the world
news from the TV: Pakistan’s Musharraf, Iraq, suicide bombers, Britney
Spears, etc… that fill the space between commercials on the small
screen every day. Instead, I decided to devote my day to the news and
culture of Armenia/Artsakh. It was Thanksgiving Day, a time to thank
our blessings to be citizens of the U.S. and to hear about the
reconstruction of our ancestors’ homeland and the plans to eradicate
poverty in Armenia and Artsakh.
My late mother’s voice echoed in my ears: "My dear daughter, when the
Turks carried out the Genocide against our people in 1915, they did
not distinguish between Apostolic, Protestant, Catholic, Tashnag,
Henchag or Ramgavar. They killed them all." Those were the words my
late mother repeated every time she heard there were problems in the
Diaspora communities or in Armenia. Her words were still ringing in my
ears, when the Archbishops of the Western Diocese and the Western
Prelacy, and the representatives of the Armenian Catholic and
Protestant churches standing in front of the image of Mount Ararat,
did the invocation in unison. "What a great way to start the Telethon"
I thought to myself. Indeed, within the next 45 minutes their prayers
brought in $301,000.
Pledges kept coming: from the Middle East, Europe, Canada, and of
course, the U.S. The young people manning the telephones shouted in
excitement, every time a big pledge was heard from the other end of
the line.
The biggest surprise for me was the pledges coming from Armenia
itself. Banks, wineries, schools, libraries were chipping in as both
the Muratsan Library and the Alaverdi school pledged $12.00 each. At
the end of September, I visited two schools in the border villages
with Azerbaijan, to dispense funds donated by the Armenian
Professional Society of Orange County. It was depressing to see the
conditions of the schools, and the huge need to raise the standard of
the school facilities. It was unbelievable for me to hear that schools
and libraries, despite their own need for funds and help, were
participating in the Telethon with very modest amounts. What was
important was their willingness to participate. In contrast to the
schools in Armenia, the Marie Manoogian School in LA presented the
Telethon with a $53,000 check. The disparity is great, however fifteen
years ago no one dreamed that a school in Armenia would participate in
the Telethon.
His Holiness Karekin II, Catholicos of all Armenians, and His
Holiness Aram I, Catholicos of the Holy See of Cilicia joined forces
to bless and support the Telethon for the sake of a strong homeland.
Pledges kept coming in…
Representatives of cultural organizations, political parties,
students from Armenian schools, were filling the air with an energy
never seen before. Very wealthy benefactors from Moscow to LA were
raising the numbers on the screen, followed by sounds of excitement by
the volunteers. That excitement was reverberated in the family rooms
of the viewers.
A symbolic cow that was strategically displayed on stage became the
center of attention, and a buzz for fund raising. "One cow feeds a
family of four" said Salpi Ghazarian, advisor to Foreign Minister,
Vartan Oskanian. For donations of $800.00 one could buy a cow to feed
a family. Donations of $800 (or exponents thereof) kept coming in…
I was happy to see Salpi on the screen again. A Diaspora Armenian,
who moved to Armenia to dedicate her expertise to the country, did her
yearly appeal with ease and alacrity. She could easily shift her
speech from English to Eastern/Western Armenian, without much effort.
She insisted that eradicating poverty in Armenia is ambitious, but not
impossible. "We have no right to talk about the impossible. Armenia is
not a dream any more, it’s a reality. We have the choice to give or
not to give, but the people who live there, have no choice but to
survive". And, she wondered who benefited the most from the Telethon:
Armenia/Artsakh or the Diaspora? She appealed to the emotions and
logic of the viewers, and pledges kept coming in…
Foreign Minister Vartan Oskanian did not mince his words, when he
talked about the de facto independence of Artsakh and he told the
viewers that the international community will recognize the
independence of Artsakh. The latter will become a democratic model to
the neighboring countries. According to Oskanian, presidents and
governments come and go, but the people stay. And as such, people
should help narrow the disparity between the rich and the poor in
Armenia. The phones kept ringing…
A benefactor stressed the fact that Azerbaijan which is rich with
petrol at present, may run out of it in sixty years. Whereas Armenia
which has no oil, but is rich with its Diaspora, will get stronger.
One guest compared the Armenia Fund to a golden bridge between Armenia
and the Diaspora. Mr. Armen Liloyan, Consul-General of the Republic of
Armenia in LA stressed the fact that donating to the Fund was like
paying an inheritance tax for being an Armenian. And the pledges kept
coming in… Archbishop Barkev Martirossyan of Artsakh stressed the
importance of the Fund, saying that since Artzakh is not
internationally recognized, the Telethon is the only way to channel
help to Artsakh. He went on to say that a strong Armenia will one day
help the Diaspora. I believe that is already a fact, since Armenians
>From war torn Iraq and Lebanon, and from Iran have recently been
immigrating to Armenia.
Speaking for the Armenian National Committee Western Region, Chairman
Raffi Hamparian summed up the importance and the main message of the
Telethon. According to him, the Telethon helps nation building, one
nation with one future. Once again, I remembered my mother’s words. I
wished she was alive to see how the Armenians have matured to join
forces for nation building through the Armenia Fund.
The organizers of the Telethon had the wisdom to give the viewers
periodic breaks by inviting young men and women in beautiful Armenian
national costumes to entertain the viewers by performing Armenian
dances and songs. It was a diversion from the serious purpose of the
Telethon: the eradication of poverty in the rural areas.
Later that afternoon, while we were having Thanksgiving Dinner at a
friend’s house, we gave thanks to being citizens of this great country
that has afforded us the opportunity to reach out to Armenia/Artsakh.
At the end of the evening, I heard the total amount had surpassed
$15,000.000. It was a good Thanksgiving Day. With that kind of
success, we look forward to find better roads between the villages,
better schools and a better infrastructure that will raise the
standard of Armenia/Artsakh and make it a democratic model for that
part of the world: The Switzerland of the Caucasus.
The next morning, I picked up two days’ papers from our driveway over
two cups of strong Armenian coffee, and I caught up with news from the
rest of the world.
****************************************** *********************************
13. Letters
* A crime against humanity, not only the victims
Sir:
I thought the following letter to the editor sent to The Detroit News
would be of interest to your readers:
"With regard to your caption, ‘Should Congress Condemn Armenian
Genocide?’ (Oct. 29), one should instead declare: ‘Congress should
condemn all genocides.’
"We are a nation committed to the inviolability of history, so we are
not condemned to repeat civilization’s grotesque mistakes. We solemnly
pledge ‘Never Again’ as we commit to preventing the recurrence of
genocide. Yet America shrinks from affirming the voluminous U.S.
record on the Armenian Genocide in response to threats from our
presumed ally Turkey.
"Genocide is a crime against humanity, not only the victims. It is up
to all of humanity to remember all instances of genocide, and to study
each horrid example in the hope that the world will at long last learn
what it takes to stop what happened to my family and my people from
happening to any other people.
"My grandfather was an educator with a loving family of nine when the
Ottomans decided to solve the Armenian Question by eliminating and
removing the Armenians, intelligentsia first. My mother and
grandfather were the only survivors from that family, both never to
see each other again.
"This history of carnage suffered by hundreds of thousands of
families has been substantiated by the preponderance of genocide
historians, as well as by U.S. Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire Henry
Morgenthau. He risked life and reputation in confronting the Ottoman
authorities for what he characterized as a ‘campaign of race
extermination under the pretext of rebellion.’
"Who is this ‘ally’ that the U.S. government has been coddling and
supporting these many decades with tens of billions in military and
economic support? The ‘ally’ that fought against us in World War I,
sat out World War II, invaded Cyprus over U.S. objections, refused the
U.S. a northern front in the Iraq war, and now threatens to invade
northern Iraq over America’s strenuous objections?
"Does a true ally threaten the United States with retribution should
Congress pass a resolution on the Armenian Genocide? Surely no real
ally would repeatedly threaten vital American interests and our
troops.
"When do we say ‘enough is enough’? Turkish denial must stop at our
border. Denial of genocide is what Nobel Laureate and Holocaust
survivor Elie Weisel called a ‘double killing’: first you kill the
people, and then you kill the truth. Hitler understood humanity’s lack
of resolve in confronting and even remembering evil when he asked,
‘Who still talks nowadays of the extermination of the Armenians?’
"Well, I do — joined by Armenian survivors and descendants
throughout the world, plus most importantly people of goodwill opposed
to genocide’s recurrence."
Very truly yours,
Margaret Vartian
Northville, Mich.
* Part of a solution to declining membership?
Sir:
In his interview with Catholicos Karekin II (Nov. 10), Antranig
Dereyan posed the question that confronted the Catholicos throughout
his visit to the Eastern Diocese: Why can’t the badarak be done in
English?
The Catholicos was quoted as follows: "The language is the identity
of the people… The badarak is always the same, and our people should
take the time to learn it…. However, the language is not as
important as a person’s heart. The person must feel the badarak in his
heart, must pray the badarak in his soul, no matter what the
language."
Later in the article, returning to the language issue, the Catholicos
laments that the native language is gradually lost. He is then quoted
as saying, "In the churches, there are Armenian schools and that is
helping… but the most important thing is for children to grow up
with Armenian Christian faith and Armenian culture."
To be honest, I’m confused by these exchanges. On the one hand, the
Catholicos seems to be scolding the faithful for their shortcomings
(inability to understand the ancient language of the badarak). On the
other hand, there is an admission that an understanding of the
Armenian faith is paramount. If understanding our faith is of
paramount importance, then the language of the badarak must be of
subordinate importance.
Here is the stark reality in the Eastern Diocese: membership in our
churches has been falling for more than two decades. According to the
2007 Diocesan Assembly reports, there were fewer than 8,300 members in
the churches of the Eastern Diocese in 2005. Rather than scolding us
for our shortcomings, I would have appreciated a message from our
church leadership (including the Catholicos and the Supreme Spiritual
Council) empowering the church in America to make changes that would
make it more responsive to the spiritual needs of Armenian-Americans,
and that would bring Armenians back to their church and faith. Our
leadership has embraced a mission to make the Armenian Church
significant in the lives of all Armenians and their families. And yet
the membership numbers and the results of the 2006 Diocesan
sociological study suggest that we are falling short in our mission.
One such change is to allow local parishes to have the flexibility to
incorporate English into the badarak. From experience, the laity of
the Armenian Church knows that participation in Sunday services and
understanding of the Armenian Christian faith is enhanced when
parishioners understand the language of the badarak. We also know that
conducting the badarak partly in English will not solve all of the
challenges that the church faces. But we must recognize that it is an
important step that may meet the needs of some Armenian communities in
America. Clearly we alienate a significant portion of the Armenian
community when we refuse to consider ways of making our Armenian
Christian faith more accessible. I would rather our church foster a
spirit of inclusion rather than one of exclusivity. The path of
exclusivity eventually leads to extinction. It is time for the
leadership of the Armenian Church to face this reality.
Very truly yours,
Thomas J. Garabedian
Hopkinton, Mass.
* Please avoid stereotypes
Sir:
The void of a high-quality, progressive, intellectual magazine with a
cultural context was very much evident in the American-Armenian
reality, and so the emergence of the Armenian Reporter came like a
long-awaited answer — a fresh infusion of oxygen. For this, I would
like to recognize and thank you. The connection you made with a
readership of diverse interests was immediate and intimate — as it
should be in any family. I’m one of many admirers of your magazine.
Precisely for this reason, I’m compelled to react to an unfortunate
and petty tendency in a recent issue of your magazine, which,
intentional or not, is contrary to the purpose and mission of your
work, I believe.
Two articles that appeared in your Nov. 17 issue, one written by
Jason Kandel, titled "Three American-Armenian men get probation for
involvement in counterfeit cigarettes racket" in the "Crime Beat"
feature, and the other written by Patrick Azadian, titled "The three
men at the curbside" in the "My Words" feature of Arts & Culture, came
to alarm and to disappoint me.
In both of these articles, it appears there is an intent to target a
specific segment group of the Armenian community — to assassinate the
character of an entire segment — based on the crimes or tasteless
behavior of few criminals or hoodlums that are an unfortunate part of
any group and do not represent its best traditions. This sort of
stereotyping is dishonest. One might dismiss my concern by saying that
one instance is simply reporting a crime, and the other is a case of
"artistic expression." Yet too often, "the hail beats at a fallen
place," as people say. Similar or more severe crimes committed by the
individuals from other segments of the population are often very taboo
to talk about and are nicely kept hush-hush.
In my opinion a criminal forgoes the privilege of being part of any
nationality, and crime is crime whether in China or in the U.S.A. Too
often, when the news media report on the achievements of a person,
they forget to attribute or credit the cultural group or country they
may have originated from; but when the subject is a crime, the
mechanism of "divide and conquer" is loosely applied, to somehow blame
someone else and distance oneself from it. At the same time this is
not practiced if the person happens to be of European origin: in such
instances the criminal is introduced by his or her name only — never
mind that the person may have just come to the U.S. from, say, Norway
six months ago.
My Gesariatsi grandfather used to say, "There are dogs in every
town." I will add that at times it takes all kinds, and we Armenians
are no exception.
Having said this, I’m in favor of constructive self-criticism and
discussion of real problems in a positive, healthy context, without
resorting to stereotyping or character assassination. This is possible
when the intent is untainted with a petty sectarian/tribal mentality,
and is honest and comes from a genuine desire to make things better.
Living, working (as a social worker), and creating (as an artist) in
the Los Angeles for the last 30 years of my life, I have seen all
sorts of unpleasant incidents involving all segments of the Armenian
community; the individuals involved where likewise from all segments.
My reaction has always focused on the individuals involved and their
personal character, rather then generalizing or stereotyping about the
respective group they happen to originate from. As an artist, I’ve
always tried to understand the context that this individual fell
victim to, which undermined his personal capacity to do good.
Yes, it hurt me more when these individuals happened to be of
Armenian origin by chance. Why? Because I know them better, or know
about the hard road and the sacrifices our people have had to make to
overcome so much hardship. Yet these were individuals with human
weaknesses and strengths. I’ve had the good fortune to have many
priceless friends from all segments of the Armenian reality, whose
achievements and shortcomings are equally mine. I’m proud and happy
hearing of their achievements, and equally saddened by the news of
their occasional unfortunate shortcomings.
Having expanded on this, I would like to note that it reflects my
genuine concern, and my sincere hope that your establishment will
stand above nonconstructive manifestations (intentional or not), and
will not add fuel to the petty "I’m better then you" psychology some
people harbor. We as a nation have come too far to falter now, or to
sabotage and undermine ourselves in such a petty way. I propose — as
Someone of higher authority did long before me — that we respect and
"love one another." Only good will come out of it.
Very truly yours,
Hrair Simitian
Los Angeles, Calif.
* Inspired and encouraged
Sir:
I recently read the article on Dzovinar Boghossian and her new CD on
the Reporter’s website (Arts & Culture, Nov. 24). Allow me to commend
you and Maria Titizian, the author, for featuring this story. I
enjoyed reading the article, which very nicely posits Dzovinar’s
attempts at succeeding as a singer against the backdrop of her
experiences in Lebanon and Armenia.
Stories like this serve as very strong encouragement for young
Armenians, such as myself, who are determined to seek their future in
the homeland. Therefore, once more I would like to thank you and
request that you continue reporting on the successes of diaspora
Armenians in Armenia. It can only inspire and encourage the rest of
us.
Very truly yours,
Houry Mayessean
Oxford, United Kingdom
Editor’s note: Contact information was omitted from the article.
Dzovinar Boghossian can be reached at [email protected]
and her CD is available through and
********************************** *****************************************
14. Editorial: A welcome effort to prevent genocide
The world’s response to genocide in our day has been woefully
inadequate. In fact, it has been criminally negligent.
Holocaust and genocide education, it is true, has made people — in
the United States, in Europe, and beyond — aware of the capacity of
states to destroy entire groups and civilizations and of the need to
respond decisively to such evil. People proclaim, "Never again." But
this popular conviction has seldom translated into action.
Governments sometimes tap into this popular sentiment when they want
to intervene abroad for other reasons. But they are loath to act
decisively — risking lives, expending funds, straining alliances —
simply because a crime against humanity is underway.
We must thus welcome the high-profile effort of the United States
Institute of Peace, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and
the American Academy of Diplomacy to convene a Genocide Prevention
Task Force.
The task force will explore early warning, pre-crisis engagement,
preventive diplomacy, military intervention, and the role of
international institutions. It is to issue a report in a year.
The task force, announced November 13, is chaired by Madeleine
Albright, who was secretary of state while the genocide in Rwanda was
underway, and William Cohen, the former secretary of defense.
It is, of course, unacceptable and ironic that each of them signed a
letter opposing the passage "at this time" of the Armenian Genocide
resolution in the House of Representatives. But what matters most now
is where they plan to lead the task force.
Ms. Albright has said she regrets that the Clinton administration and
the United Nations did not do more to stop the slaughter of the ethnic
Tutsis in Rwanda. It is thus perhaps appropriate that she is looking
for ways to prevent genocide in the future. The two chairs’ intimate
knowledge of the policy-making process and the balancing of priorities
could make them especially well qualified to find ways to ensure
action.
We are thus hopeful that the commission and its report will serve to
change the way U.S. policy is made when confronted with the risk or
reality of genocide. For this hope to be fulfilled, the task force
cannot avoid looking critically at the past. Its members must muster
the courage to look back and learn lessons from mistakes made by all,
including broadly the United States, but also the Task Force members
themselves.
The resolution Ms. Albright and Mr. Cohen opposed highlights some of
what the United States has done right in the past. In looking at the
past for lessons, the task force would do well to highlight — as the
resolution does — the role of Henry Morgenthau, the United States
ambassador, as well as American consular officials throughout the
Ottoman Empire in confronting the Armenian Genocide. The role of the
secretary of state and his British counterpart in raising awareness of
the Genocide is also worth highlighting.
Armenian-Americans would do well to be constructively engaged in the
ongoing work of the task force. If there’s an opportunity to help
prevent genocide in the future, we descendents of genocide survivors
must assist.
Let us contact the Task Force and urge it to comprehensively and
critically evaluate third-party responses to all modern instances of
genocide, including the Holocaust and the genocides against Armenians,
Cambodians, Rwandans, and others throughout the 20th century. Let us
note that genocide cannot be prevented in the future without
courageously assessing the lessons from the past.
connect:
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