REALISM AND THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE RESOLUTION
James Joyner
Outside the Beltway, VA
Oct 18 2007
Responding to Matt Yglesias’ assertion that the Armenian genocide
resolution is essentially irrelevant because "Turkey is going to
formulate its policy vis-a-vis the United States of America in light
of Turkey’s interests and not actually radically restructure things
in the wake of a symbolic resolution," Jim Henley notes that,
Turkey needs to figure out where the US fits into the picture of its
interests, and something like the Armenian genocide resolution can
play a crucial signaling role. On the view of the Turkish government,
Turkish Kurdistan is part of Turkey, and Turkey is under assault from
the territory of a US protectorate. The genocide resolution says,
to Turkey, we care more about what your predecessor government did 90
years ago than what others do to you now. It also says, our instincts
are to support your ethnic minorities in any conflict. This strikes
me as information, and information that Turkish rulers would figure
has to be reckoned in any account of how relations with the US affect
their interests.
I think that’s right. Obviously, good relations with the United States
are important to Turkey’s interests and they’re unlikely to cut off
their proverbial nose to spite their face. But Turkey has multiple
interests, domestic and regional, that are harmed by this resolution.
Fred Kempe, my boss at the Atlantic Council, dubs this "the
most-irresponsible, self-defeating and short-sighted congressional
foreign policy action of this year" and observes it "can only produce
a nationalist backlash that will make it harder for those, such as
Nobel laureate Orhan Pamuk, who have called for a more open historical
accounting in a Turkey aspiring to European Union membership."
Turkish resistance to the prevailing global view that the Ottoman
government tried to exterminate its Armenian population is a
testimony to the tensions inside modern Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
aggressively forged the state from the remains of the Ottoman Empire
84 years ago and forced aside ethnic, tribal and religious identity
to create Turkish civil society.
The House resolution thus is an outside intervention into a painful
and long-repressed family debate, a match tossed into brew made more
combustible by the country’s rising religiosity and nationalism.
[…]
Those who think this vote is about setting historic facts right
aren’t paying attention to the present. What we’re dealing with isn’t
some rogue, failed state housing sworn enemies but Turkey, the only
Muslim country in NATO, a potential European Union country and the
most-important front-line state in the struggle against Islamist
extremists. It is the West’s leading bridge to and democratic model
for the Mideast.
It also is the country through which 90 percent of cargo passes for
U.S. and allied troops in Iraq. At the very least, U.S. logistical
problems will increase.
Howard LaFranchi observes in today’s CSM that the debate "illustrate[s]
a recurring tug of war in US foreign policy: when to take the moral
high ground and when to heed the pragmatic realities of national
interests." It would appear that those pressing for the resolution
have decided to do the latter.
In this case, the overriding interest appears to be keeping on good
terms with Turkey, a NATO ally that opposed the war in Iraq but that
allows the United States to use bases there as part of crucial supply
lines to US troops and personnel in Iraq.
Prospects for a full House statement on Armenian genocide have been
feeding nationalist flames in Turkey. The government of Prime Minister
Recep Tayyip Erdogan has already been battling heavy anti-American
public opinion as it acts to address the problem of recurring attacks
by Kurdish rebels from across the border in Kurdish Iraq.
For many in Turkey, including in the government, the US has not done
enough in next-door Iraq and with its Kurdish allies to address the
activities of the separatist Kurdistan Workers Party, known as the
PKK – a group the US lists as a terrorist organization. On Wednesday,
the government won a vote in the Turkish parliament authorizing the
military to undertake cross-border incursions into Iraq where the PKK
is based. The destabilizing potential of such military operations is
as worrying to the Bush administration as Turkish threats to end use
of its air bases by the US.
Indeed, this illustrate that Matt’s point about Realism works both
ways:
The intense politicking on the issue further exemplifies how national
interests tend to supersede all other concerns in international
relations, experts say. "The United States, like any other great
power, seriously considers moral issues only to the extent that
those moral issues coincide with substantive interests," says Andrew
Bacevich, who teaches foreign policy at Boston University’s Center
for International Relations.
Or when there’s no real cost in standing up and preaching.
Henley also notes a subtle irony in the proposed resolution: "Barely
20 years before the 1915-17 ethnic cleansing of Turkey’s Armenians,
the US was still wrapping up its own comprehensive forced march of
its indigenous enemies." Nations then, as now, had interests and used
whatever means necessary to pursue them.
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