EUROPE HAS FAILED ARMENIA by Antonia Arslan

FIRST THINGS
Nov 21 2023

by Antonia Arslan



Iam Armenian-Italian. One morning three years ago, I woke to the news that my beloved Artsakh was under attack. I remember sucking in my breath as the words of the Italian song “Bella ciao” flooded my head: Una mattina mi son svegliato / O bella ciao, bella ciao, bella ciao ciao ciao / Una mattina mi son svegliato / E ho trovato l’invasor—“One morning I woke up Oh goodbye beautiful, goodbye beautiful, goodbye beautiful, bye, bye, bye / One morning I woke up / And I found the invader.” 

I know invaders. I lived through a war as a child growing up in Veneto. I remember the sight of soldiers with machine guns, and checkpoints. I remember food rationing. I remember “Pippo,” the solo fighter plane that could drop a bomb or tin foil, could fire at us or just fly away. I remember the whistle of a bomb as it dropped from the sky. I remember the English pilot we hid and fed, and whose parachute we transformed into shirts for us girls. And I remember the darkness of those nights of the war, when we all covered our windows with thick blackout curtains. Oh, do I remember the invasor. I am old, very old.

I was a child then, and like all children considered myself immortal. I had the luxury of seeing the horrors of the invasor from afar. This does not mean that I did not know them—that I wasn’t there when my mother risked being arrested by the Nazis, or when my father and grandfather worriedly wondered if Armenians would be traded for alliances, or when they hid Jews in their clinic.

It also does not mean that I did not know what I had to do during the war. Despite what modern parents may think, children can and need to shoulder their own responsibilities. I did. I was the eldest. I knew that my parents could not protect the littler ones if they had to watch out for me too. So every night, I made sure my shirt and skirt were properly folded, and my shoes and socks were placed where I could quickly reach them if the air-raid sirens went off. I also knew what to do during an air-raid. One night my parents forgot me while they hurried with the other children to get to the bomb shelter. With the sirens howling, I quickly dressed and made my way down the staircase. When I got to the atrium, I saw my grandfather. “Are you afraid?” he asked me. “No,” I replied. “I am not either,” he said. So we sat side by side on a bench and heard the bombs drop on the city.  

I remember the joy we all felt when the Americans arrived. With them came food (chocolate and peanut butter, most importantly), protection, smiles, and laughter. It was not just a liberation. It was a sunrise: a chance to start anew. I owe Americans my life. When I was about to die from one of those terrible diseases that all wars bring, my grandfather was able to purchase the penicillin that broke the fever that caused me to lose all of my hair. 

I watched the world begin to rebuild. There were ominous signs then, signs that I have since understood are the aftermath of our terrible modern ideological wars: a referendum that all of Italy suspected had been manipulated, the private vendettas against the collaborators and allies of the invasori, the micro–civil war in central Italy that the writer Giovannino Guareschi described so well. The war was over when Italy began its massive effort to start over. Ideological warfare was not. 

The Cold War had already broken out while Adenauer, Schuman, and De Gasperi began to lay out the plans for a united Europe. We, the children of the war, rejoiced in their plans. They meant freedom: a solid future. Such was my own hope in the united Europe that I stayed in the Europa-Haus dormitory while I studied in Göttingen, and lived alongside my Spanish, French, German, and Norwegian friends. We all wore pins with the European flag.

But the ideological battle that the war had left in its wake killed our dream before it was born. The late sixties were filled with loud, angry protests, and the seventies with terrorism. Worse than the violence was the hypocrisy of those who ignored the underlying discord, who refused to address it. And now that hypocrisy has destroyed Nagorno-Karabakh.

The war that I grew up in never really ended. It has reached my beloved Artsakh, the Artsakh in which I drank Tuti oghi (mulberry vodka) under a star-filled sky near the excavations of the old city of Tigranakert, the city founded by the great Armenian king Tigran the Great. It was handed over to Azerbaijan after the 44-Day War in 2020. And now, more recently, over 100,000 Armenians have been driven from Nagorno-Karabakh after Azerbaijan launched an attack in September. 

I saw that governments would make grand statements about morality and do nothing. I saw that they would try to take advantage of the unrest in the Caucasus in order to further their own ideological agendas. I saw that it would be the people, my people, the Armenians of Artsakh, who would suffer. 

I hope the United States, who liberated us before, will remember its extraordinary generosity. Our memories of violence stretch back millennia. Centuries and centuries of wars and invasions have made hypocrites of us. 

But America is young; it can still be a beacon, an example. Rep. Chris Smith of New Jersey has introduced a bill to “prevent ethnic cleansing and atrocities against ethnic Armenians.” He recognizes that this is not a matter of “two sides” who “simply have differences,” as Matthew Miller, the U.S. State Department spokesman, claimed days after innocent Armenian civilians were bombed by Azeris. I thank Rep. Smith for his support—and, more importantly, for caring about the truth, which is so often the first casualty of war.

Antonia Arslan was a professor of modern and contemporary Italian literature at the University of Padua. She is the author of the international bestseller Skylark Farm.




Asbarez: L.A. City Councilmember Soto-Martinez Visits Alex Pilibos School

Councilmember Hugo Soto-Martinez is greeted by Postoian Pre-School students


Los Angeles City Councilmember Hugo Soto-Martinez on Tuesday visited the Rose and Alex Pilibos School, where he met with administration and board members and became acquainted with the school and its current and future plans.

Councilmember Hugo-Soto Martinez with Pilibos Principal Maral Tavitian and Pre-School Director Kristina Movsessian and school board representatives

Soto-Martinez, who became the new city councilmember for District 13, visited the school for the first time.

Pilibos Principal Maral Tavitian and Postoian Pre-School Director Kristina Movsessian provided an overview of the school’s 54-year history and the unique and critical role it plays in the community, emphasizing that with its more than 850 student Pre-K-12 student population, Pilibos is an important educational institution that not only advances Armenian language and culture, but also educates future leaders. She also informed Soto-Martinez about the latest accreditation of the school by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, which granted the school a six-year accreditation.

This summer the school announced that it had acquired a property adjacent to the school in order to expand the school’s capabilities and meet the needs of the growing student population.

Tavitian briefed Soto-Martinez about the plans for the newly-acquired property, explaining that the parcel will be able to mitigate congestion at the main campus and provide more opportunities for growth.

Issues related to the every-day operations of the school such as traffic and safety were also discussed.

Soto-Martinez then toured the campus and some classrooms, where the students welcomed the visiting official, following which he visited the St. Garabed Church across the street and toured the Postoian Pre-School, where he was greeted by students dressed in traditional Armenian outfits. The pre-school students presented a memento to the council member.

From there, the councilmember was escorted to the Hollywood Youth Center, which is also being used for additional classroom and school-related activities. At the conclusion of the visit, Principal Tavitian presented Soto-Martinez with a memento.

Recognizing Pilbos’ importance in the community, as well as the district, Soto-Martinez said he and his staff are looking forward to working closely with the school administration and board.

Tavitian and Movsessian were joined by school board members Talin Ghazarian, Garo Ispendjian and Sevag Demirjian. Also attending the meeting were Pilibos Dean of Students Sevak Antreasian, Suren Hazarian, from the St. Garabed Church board of trustees and Ara Khachatourian, the executive editor of Asbarez.

The Councilmember was accompanied by his district director Alejandra Marroquin.

Armenpress: BRICS urges immediate Gaza truce

 21:37,

YEREVAN, NOVEMBER 21, ARMENPRESS. The BRICS member states held an emergency virtual meeting to discuss Israel's ongoing onslaught against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip on Tuesday.

 The BRICS leaders have called for an immediate, durable, and sustained humanitarian truce leading to a cessation of hostilities in the Gaza Strip.

"We called for an immediate, durable, and sustained humanitarian truce leading to a cessation of hostilities," the group said in a summary of the meeting.

ARS of Eastern USA launches “Spread Christmas Cheer”

WATERTOWN, Mass.—The holiday season is upon us, and the Armenian Relief Society (ARS) of Eastern USA is thrilled to announce the relaunch of its “Spread Christmas Cheer” fundraising campaign. The organization is once again inviting the community to unite in making a significant impact on those in need during this festive season.

For just $25, community members can brighten the lives of children from Artsakh and the children of Armenia, Javakhk, Lebanon and Syria. Donations will allow the organization to provide essential gifts that carry a powerful message of support and hope. It’s a simple yet impactful act of kindness that can make a world of difference.

“The true meaning of the holidays lies in giving,” said Caroline Chamavonian, chairperson of the ARS of Eastern USA Regional Executive Board. “Our ‘Spread Christmas Cheer’ campaign is an opportunity for us all to come together, transcending boundaries and making a positive impact for our compatriots who are facing difficult times,” she continued. 

When the campaign was first launched in 2020, the ARS of Eastern USA sponsored 1,500 gifts for displaced children from Artsakh. In 2021, due to the many challenges faced by our compatriots in Artsakh, Javakhk, Syria and Lebanon, the ARS of Eastern USA expanded the list and raised more than $20,000 for the campaign. Last year, more than $30,000 was raised to support the children and also provide gifts for teachers in Syria and Lebanon. 

Community members can donate online or mail checks made payable to the ARS of Eastern USA to 80 Bigelow Avenue, Suite 200, Watertown, MA 02472.

Armenian Relief Society, Inc. (ARS) is an independent, non-governmental and non-sectarian organization which serves the humanitarian needs of the Armenian people and seeks to preserve the cultural identity of the Armenian nation. It mobilizes communities to advance the goals of all sectors of humanity. For well over a century, it has pioneered solutions to address the challenges that impact our society.


AW: Championing Armenian literature

I’ve been reflecting on William Saroyan’s profound words from his second book, Inhale & Exhale, and I find myself wondering what he might have thought today, 87 years later. Many Armenians hold a poster of his message from 1936 or can recite it by heart. 

His original passage begins with: “I should like to see any power of the world destroy this race, this small tribe of unimportant people, whose history is ended, whose wars have all been fought and lost, whose structures have crumbled, whose literature is unread, whose music is unheard, whose prayers are no longer uttered.”

William Saroyan

While every word remains relevant in the present, the phrase that lingers in my thoughts is, “whose literature is unread.” Did Saroyan envision a future where literature would be left unread and destroyed, not by the passage of time and war, but by book banning and controversial policies such as Facebook’s silencing of genocides and Amazon’s censorship of reviews? Could any of us have foreseen such challenges to the free exchange of ideas?

This revelation struck me in a moment of truth, when I observed that my posts on social media containing the word “genocide” were going unnoticed. Simultaneously, I encountered more posts from Armenians expressing frustration over the invisibility of news related to Artsakh and other pertinent topics. A post by author Chris Bohjalian showcasing his banned, challenged or removed books, including his NY Times bestselling novel The Sandcastle Girls which unfolds a compelling narrative against the backdrop of the Armenian Genocide, further intensified my awareness.

My frustration peaked when my publisher informed me that Facebook was rejecting paid ads for my newly-released book, Who She Left Behind, simply because its cover included the term “genocide.” Additionally, Amazon was refusing reviews for my book that contained language related to genocide. All of this unfolded within a matter of weeks, all the while William Saroyan’s words were prominently displayed on my office wall.

Facebook policies, book banning and censorship enact passive yet systematic destruction of Armenian literature and perpetuate denial of the Armenian Genocide. This alarming trend threatens not only the visibility of critical narratives but also the ongoing dialogue surrounding a historical atrocity that must not be forgotten.

Facebook policies, book banning and censorship enact passive yet systematic destruction of Armenian literature and perpetuate denial of the Armenian Genocide. This alarming trend threatens not only the visibility of critical narratives but also the ongoing dialogue surrounding a historical atrocity that must not be forgotten.

Platforms like Facebook, Amazon and others, holding the power to censor and control content, should be held accountable for the consequences, whether intentional or unintended, of suppressing historical truths. This may be a battle prioritized for another day, as the immediate focus lies on the ongoing traumas faced by Armenians in response to the current situation with Artsakh refugees and the distressing violence in Israel and Gaza, with the looming threat of a world war.

Numerous passionate and courageous individuals have already answered the call for advocacy, demanding sanctions against Azerbaijan, providing humanitarian relief by traveling to Armenia and raising funds. However, there are also smaller yet impactful ways individuals can take control of preserving our culture. In the words of Margaret Mead, “Never believe that a few caring people can’t change the world. For, indeed, that’s all who ever have.” This timely message resonates as we enter a season of giving love and thanks. Let’s capture this spirit to ensure that Armenian literature is not only preserved but also widely read and understood.

Here are a few simple actions you can take today to promote Armenian literature and ensure it reaches a wider audience:

Advocate at your local library:

  • Request that your local library add a book by an Armenian author to your TBR (to be read) list. This initiative fosters greater accessibility and equity in bringing Armenian literature into the mainstream.

Share your bookshelf on social media:

  • Participate in Library Shelfie Day on January 24, 2024, by posting a “shelfie” on social media. Flood these platforms with images of Armenian books you’re currently reading or those sitting on your bookshelves. Tag #LibraryShelfieDay.

Innovative social media messaging:

  • Use creative techniques to make your Armenian-related messages visible on social media. For instance, consider replacing the letter ‘o’ with the numeral ‘0’ to outsmart algorithms – a tactic I’ve been trying.

Support genocide education initiatives:

  • Support and engage with the efforts of organizations like the Genocide Education Project. Ensure that Armenian Genocide literature is not only read, but also taught, in middle and high schools where bills have been passed, and actively advocate for support from elected officials in regions where such bills have not been approved.

Recommend Armenian books to book clubs:

  • Propose Armenian books to your book clubs, whether in-person, on social media or in virtual spaces. Actively participate in social media book clubs by making and encouraging recommendations to introduce Armenian culture to a wider audience.

Gift Armenian books for Christmas:

  • Give Armenian books as Christmas gifts. With a diverse range of genres, such as art and culture, children’s literature, contemporary, cookbooks, fiction, historical fiction, history and biography, memoirs, language instructionals, mysteries, romance, travel and young adult, there’s a book for everyone on your list. Buy from Armenian book sources to double the impact of your purchase. Start a new tradition this year and include books under the Christmas tree or tucked in stockings. 

This season of giving love and thanks can also be a season of fostering cultural understanding. As we champion Armenian literature, we actively contribute to a world where the power of storytelling transcends boundaries and ensures that no narrative is left unread or unheard. 

May Saroyan’s wisdom be the gift of the Christmas season for each of us to be inspired and ensure our rich Armenian literature is read.

Victoria Atamian Waterman is a writer born in Rhode Island. Growing up in an immigrant, bilingual, multi-generational home with survivors of the Armenian Genocide has shaped the storyteller she has become. She is a trustee of Soorp Asdvadzadzin Armenian Apostolic Church and chair of the Armenian Heritage Monument in Whitinsville, MA. She is the author of "Who She Left Behind."


Author Victoria Atamian Waterman and Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Stephen Kurkjian to speak in Watertown

Stephen Kurkjian

WATERTOWN, Mass.—On Tuesday, December 12, the Armenian Museum of America and the Watertown Free Public Library will welcome author Victoria Atamian Waterman in conversation with Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Stephen Kurkjian. The writers will discuss Waterman’s debut novel Who She Left Behind during a free talk at the Watertown Free Public Library.

Victoria Atamian Waterman

Waterman’s novel is historical fiction based on her own family’s history, spanning multiple generations from the final days of the Ottoman Empire to the Armenian neighborhoods in Rhode Island and Massachusetts in the 1990s.

All community members are invited to join Waterman and Kurkjian for the free talk at the Library, which begins at 6 p.m. Light refreshments will be provided, and books will be available for purchase. Registration is required. Visit bit.ly/watermantalk to register.

About the Armenian Museum of America

The Armenian Museum of America is the largest Armenian museum in the Diaspora. It has grown into a major repository for all forms of Armenian material culture that illustrate the creative endeavors of the Armenian people over the centuries.

About the Watertown Free Public Library

The Watertown Free Public Library provides access to a wide variety of popular materials, resources, services and programs that fulfill the informational, cultural and recreational needs of Watertown and surrounding communities. Our Library works to create an environment that attracts and welcomes users of all ages and abilities.




Amid peace treaty struggles, Armenia submits another draft proposal to Azerbaijan

YEREVAN—Armenia submitted a sixth proposal for a draft peace agreement to Azerbaijan on November 21, the Armenian Foreign Ministry announced. 

“Armenia remains committed to conclude and sign a document on normalization of relations based on previously announced principles,” the Armenian Foreign Ministry said. The proposal coincided with Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan’s public declaration that he is committed to intensifying efforts to sign a peace treaty with Azerbaijan.

While addressing the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly on November 18, PM Pashinyan highlighted the progress made during trilateral meetings facilitated by European Council president Charles Michel in Brussels. He specifically mentioned that three fundamental principles of peace have been agreed upon between Armenia and Azerbaijan during these negotiations. 

Elaborating on these principles, Pashinyan delineated the first as mutual recognition of each other’s territorial integrity, referring to maps from the USSR General Staff from 1974-1990. He further indicated that both countries have agreed to refrain from territorial claims against each other. PM Pashinyan urged Azerbaijan to publicly declare its commitment to these principles.

Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan addressing the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly in Yerevan, Nov. 18, 2023 (RA Prime Minister)

However, in response, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan released a press statement claiming that Azerbaijan submitted proposals for a draft peace treaty to Armenia in September and accusing Armenia of not providing a response. It called this delay a serious setback to the negotiation process.

Negotiations on a peace treaty are ongoing following Azerbaijan’s invasion of Artsakh on September 19 and its near 10-month blockade of the Berdzor (Lachin) corridor connecting Artsakh to Armenia and the rest of the world, depriving the local Armenian population of food, fuel and basic supplies. Azerbaijan’s September 19 assault on Artsakh led to a mass exodus of over 100,000 people fleeing towards Armenia, sparking widespread condemnation and accusations of ethnic cleansing.

PM Pashinyan also named unblocking of regional communications based on the sovereignty and jurisdiction of each side as another crucial element of a peace treaty. Despite the apparent agreement on several peace principles, Pashinyan said that a lack of mutual trust between the parties is a significant impediment to signing a treaty. He highlighted how past statements from Azerbaijan indicating reluctance towards signing a peace agreement, coupled with perceived intentions for aggressive actions, have hindered progress. Pashinyan called for establishing mechanisms for resolving disputes in interpreting the peace agreement and implementing security guarantees.

The recent shifts in attitude and policy in the West have affected the geopolitics of the region. Additionally, recent statements and actions between Armenia and Azerbaijan, echoed in a multifaceted geopolitical landscape, have intensified discussions around regional stability and the complexities of their diplomatic relations.

In comments to the press on November 20, Kremlin press secretary Dmitry Peskov denied Pashinyan’s remarks that Azerbaijan is preparing for war. Peskov stated that Azerbaijan has expressed its readiness to sign a peace treaty. Azerbaijan’s leadership also denied that such assertions have been made at the state level. It emphasized previous statements advocating for peace and a desire to conclude a peace treaty.

Kremlin Press Secretary Dimitry Peskov (Wikimedia Commons)

There has been a significant shift in Armenia’s stance regarding military threats from Azerbaijan. Formerly, Armenia had expressed concerns about a potential Azerbaijani invasion in its southern region, due to Azeri demands to open the so-called “Zangezur corridor” in Armenia’s Syunik province for communications. Moreover, international speculation, including from the American Stratfor analytical center, centered on Aliyev’s demands regarding transit through this corridor, potentially affecting the region’s geopolitical landscape. Armenia has rejected the demand for a corridor that would be free from customs and passport controls, insisting that regional communication links should respect the sovereignty of national borders. 

Notably, Iran also expressed apprehension regarding possible border changes in the South Caucasus, particularly its shared northern border with Armenia. Its concerns stemmed from broader geopolitical shifts in the region involving various external players such as Turkey, Israel, Europe and the United States.

Responding to escalating tensions, Azerbaijan renounced the idea of the “Zangezur corridor” and proposed an alternative route through Iran for transit to its exclave Nakhichevan. This move aimed to counter commentary that Azerbaijan is preparing to attack Armenia.

Consequently, Armenia faced challenges in its strategic maneuvering, leading PM Pashinyan to shift the battleground to the European platform. During a parliamentary session on November 16, Pashinyan reaffirmed Armenia’s stance on finalizing a peace treaty with Azerbaijan in the forthcoming months, emphasizing the necessity of mutual agreement between both nations. 

Pashinyan emphasized the collaborative nature of the peace process, asserting that while Armenia is ready to sign a peace treaty, Azerbaijan’s participation and signature are equally imperative for its successful implementation.

While the negotiation process on a peace deal appears to stall, Azerbaijan has also criticized a decision by the U.S. Senate to halt military aid to Azerbaijan. The U.S. Senate unanimously passed a bill on November 16 to halt military aid to Azerbaijan for the next two fiscal years, a move known as the Armenian Protection Act of 2023. This bill, if approved by the House and signed by the president, would prevent the State Department from granting a waiver necessary to provide military assistance to Azerbaijan under current legislation.

Introduced by Sen. Gary Peters (D-Mich.) and enjoying bipartisan support, the measure represents Congress’ strong stance in restricting U.S. military support to Azerbaijan, particularly following its rapid military advancement in Artsakh in September.

The decision follows a previous joint appeal by 91 lawmakers to Secretary of State Antony Blinken, urging economic sanctions against Azerbaijani officials for their military actions and blockade in Artsakh. Senators Jack Reed (D-RI) and Bob Menendez (D-NJ) also urged Blinken not to extend the waiver in response to Azerbaijan’s invasion of the region, emphasizing the importance of compliance with a 1992 law restricting U.S. aid until Azerbaijan ceases blockades and offensive actions against Armenia and Artsakh.

Despite the Biden administration’s historical practice of issuing waivers citing national security concerns, Ambassador James O’Brien from the State Department recently stated during a House hearing that there are no plans to issue a new waiver under Section 907 of the Freedom Support Act.

The Milli Majlis, Azerbaijan’s parliament, has strongly criticized this move by the U.S. Senate, viewing it as damaging to bilateral ties and impeding regional peace efforts. It accused the U.S. of supporting separatist movements within Azerbaijan, eroding trust in U.S. mediation of Armenia-Azerbaijan negotiations. The Milli Majlis vowed to firmly counter any actions perceived as detrimental to their national interests. This rebuke highlights growing tensions between both nations, adding complexity to the regional landscape.

Senator Peters emphasized that the bill aimed to hold Azerbaijan accountable for its actions and would restrict military aid for two years due to its failure to comply with previous agreements. He urged the Biden administration to take public action in response to the ongoing conflict.

Executive Director of the Armenian National Committee of Artsakh Gev Iskajyan told the Weekly in an interview that the recent developments in Washington D.C., namely the passage of the Senate resolution, are welcome steps towards addressing the conflict in the region. “However, it is imperative that we go beyond just these resolutions and aim for punitive measures against Azerbaijan, both for their ethnic cleansing of Artsakh and for their omnipresent threats of war against Armenia,” he stated. 

Hoory Minoyan was an active member of the Armenian community in Los Angeles until she moved to Armenia prior to the 44-day war. She graduated with a master's in International Affairs from Boston University, where she was also the recipient of the William R. Keylor Travel Grant. The research and interviews she conducted while in Armenia later became the foundation of her Master’s thesis, “Shaping Identity Through Conflict: The Armenian Experience.” Hoory continues to follow her passion for research and writing by contributing to the Armenian Weekly.


Angry Armenia To Arm Ukraine With Tochka-U Ballistic Missile System As Ties With Russia Decay – Reports

Nov 21 2023

Amid reports of disenchantment between Russia and Armenia, the latter has allegedly decided to transfer some Soviet-era military equipment to Ukraine.

Reports published in local media have claimed that the former Soviet state, which has traditionally enjoyed strong ties with Moscow, has decided to transfer Tochka-U missile systems and some other unknown air defense systems to the Ukrainian military.

These claims could not be independently corroborated by EurAsian Times, and Russia has yet to officially respond to these reports at the time of writing this report.

According to preliminary information, Armenia could transfer three Tochka-U to the Ukrainian military. The AFU is not unfamiliar with the use of the Tochka-U missile. The AFU allegedly employed the missile against Russia since the initial days of the war in 2022. 

A modernized version of the Soviet Tochka precision tactical missile system, the Tochka-U is intended to strike specific small targets hidden deep within the enemy defense. The most modern Tochka-U model has a range of up to 75 miles (120 kilometers) and can transport several warhead types up to a weight of about 1,000 pounds or more than 450 kilograms.

The reports come after a famous Russian military blogger claimed that Ukrainian forces used a Tochka-U missile to strike Belgorod Oblast on November 19. Without offering any substantial evidence to support his claims, the blogger also said that the Armenian government has begun to prepare to withdraw from the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO).

The CSTO is a Russia-led inter-governmental security alliance of six post-Soviet states. The other members of CSTO, formed in 2002, are Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. The Armenian transfer of Tochka-U to Ukraine comes at a time when all is not well between Russia-led CSTO and Armenia.

On November 20, the CSTO chief announced that Armenia has asked for the removal of the alliance’s assistance to Armenia from its agenda. “The Armenian side, although all other allies supported this decision, did not express any interest in this document, and they asked to remove the final part of our work from the agenda altogether,” Imamgali Tasmagambetov. 

This announcement was a follow-up to the previous decision against attending events of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) because it received no aid that it had requested during an Azerbaijani military incursion on its sovereign territory in May 2021.

Moreover, reports suggest that Yerevan has allegedly decided to supply the Tochka-U to Kyiv after it signed deals with Western countries to acquire cutting-edge military equipment. For instance, French-made armored vehicles, which were previously earmarked for Ukraine, were instead shipped to Armenia earlier this month.

According to a French media outlet, “The first confirmed delivery (to Armenia) is of Bastion light armored vehicles manufactured by the equipment manufacturer Arquus. The Bastion can carry a battle group of eight soldiers, protecting against small arms fire and mines.” Authorities in Georgia have verified that France sent armored personnel carriers, known as ACMAT Bastion, to Armenia through the Port of Poti.

Moreover, the report stated that France could provide 50 VAB MK3 armored vehicles, which offer multi-mission capabilities and elite protection to the military forces. EurAsian Times could not independently verify this particular information. Still, there is bickering that more arms transfer could follow as the French are looking to fill the vacuum amid mounting tensions between traditional allies Moscow and Yerevan.

Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia’s influence has only increased significantly in one post-Soviet nation: Armenia. Russian border guards were stationed at Armenia’s borders with Iran and Turkey in 1992. Three years later, in 1995, the second city of Armenia, Gyumri, welcomed a sizable Russian military installation.

In 2020, Russian peacekeepers were sent to Armenia to help maintain a truce after the country’s 44-day battle with the more powerful, Turkish-backed forces of Azerbaijan, which claimed thousands of lives on both sides.

However, since Russia launched an invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, things have changed. By the fall of 2022, it became evident that Moscow was unwilling to step in when Azerbaijan assaulted Armenian territory.

Things came to a head in September 2023 when Moscow demonstrated once more that it was unwilling to take a chance on a fight with Azerbaijan to help Armenia in the one-day war in Nagorno-Karabakh.

In fact, despite the presence of Russian peacekeepers, nearly all of the 120,000 ethnic Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh fled when Azerbaijan reclaimed the separatist province earlier this year.

Although Moscow has denied the accusations, several Armenians held Russia responsible for not intervening to halt what Baku described as an anti-terrorist operation. Analysts believe that Russian actions could be attributed to its decision to focus all efforts and resources on its fight against Ukraine, which has become emboldened with additional Western military support.

However, the Russian inability to come through for its closest ally has triggered a security rethink in Yerevan. In an unexpected development, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in September that his country could no longer rely on Moscow as a guarantor of its security due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. 

File Image: Tochka-U

The Prime Minister stated that Russia’s capabilities have changed as a result of the events in Ukraine while conceding that Moscow was trying to keep Azerbaijan and its close ally Turkey neutral, as both have grown in strategic significance for the Kremlin since the beginning of the war in Ukraine last year.

“Our strategy should be to try in this situation to decrease our dependency on others maximally,” he added. “We want to have an independent country, a sovereign country, but we have to have ways to avoid ending up in the center of clashes between West and East, North and South … There cannot be a case when Armenia becomes a ‘proxy.’ This is not permissible.”

Vladimir Putin during his visit to the 102nd Russian military base in Armenia

Even if it could not directly participate in the conflict or militarily step in to support Armenia, one option available to Russia was to increase the transfer of arms to the South Caucasian country. However, it has become widely known that amid massive equipment losses, Russia needs all the weapons it can manage to deploy.

Yerevan went so far as to complain that Armenia was forced to turn to Indian suppliers since Moscow could not provide the weaponry it had already paid for. This has also been understood to be why Armenia is progressively engaging with the West and reportedly acquiring arms from them now.

In September, Armenia launched a joint military exercise with the United States, a move that angered its main ally, Russia. At the time, Armenian officials announced that the drills were intended to improve tactical skill sharing and interoperability amongst forces participating in international peacekeeping missions.

Following the declaration by Armenia to bulwark its defenses in October 2023, France has inked the deals for supplying Thales-manufactured Ground Master 200 (GM200) radars and signed a memorandum of understanding to deliver the Mistral short-range air defense system. According to France’s Ministry of the Armed Forces, a second contract was for Yerevan to acquire night vision goggles and equipment manufactured by Safran.

On its part, even the European Union has discussed providing non-lethal military aid to Armenia. The EU Foreign Affairs Council discussed expanding the EU monitoring mission by dispatching additional observers and patrols to the Armenian border during their meeting on November 13. The Council also forewarned Azerbaijan against jeopardizing its territorial integrity and stressed the importance of maintaining vigilance against destabilization in Armenia.

With the strained relationship with Russia and alienation from the Russia-led CSTO alliance, Armenia is increasingly cultivating ties with the West. If the transfer of weapons to Ukraine is authenticated, it could signal a massive change in its security calculations, this time pointing toward Russia itself.

https://www.eurasiantimes.com/angry-armenia-to-arm-ukraine-with-tochka-u-ballistic-missile/

The New York Public Library dedicates Center for Research in the Humanities to former President Vartan Gregorian

Dr. Vartan Gregorian (Photo by Bernard Gotfryd, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division)

NEW YORK—The New York Public Library (NYPL) announced on November 16 that it has officially dedicated its Center for Research in the Humanities in honor of former NYPL President Vartan Gregorian, whose extraordinary leadership revitalized the Library and helped solidify its position as an indispensable civic and educational institution. 

The new Vartan Gregorian Center for Research in the Humanities is dedicated to furthering the Library’s mission to engage, inspire, support and connect a growing community of scholars worldwide—all of which were priorities of Gregorian during his tenure as NYPL president from 1981-89. 

Located in the heart of the Library’s flagship Stephen A. Schwarzman Building, the Gregorian Center is both an homage to its namesake’s enduring legacy and a physical manifestation of all of the progress and growth in the Research Library over the last decade. That progress includes substantial investments in collections, programs and access to public space, highlights of which are outlined below.  

Lead support for the Gregorian Center is provided by Carnegie Corporation of New York, where Gregorian served as president from 1997 until his death in 2021. The Library is also grateful for the generosity of Gregorian’s many friends and colleagues: Bloomberg Philanthropies, Agnes Gund, Mahnaz Ispahani Bartos and Adam Bartos, Annette de la Renta, Fiona and Stanley Druckenmiller, Barbara G. Fleischman, W.K. Kellogg Foundation, John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, Harold W. McGraw III Foundation, Abby and Howard Milstein, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, The Rockefeller Foundation and The Edward John and Patricia Rosenwald Foundation.

The 8,000 square feet space, which was part of the Schwarzman building’s recent $200 million renovation project, provides a vibrant work environment for up to 400 researchers, including 40 scholars on paid fellowships. Additional highlights of the Gregorian Center include: 

  • Dedicated spaces to support researchers and fellows by offering long-term access to collections and staff expertise in quiet workspaces, while simultaneously building meaningful and sustained connections between researchers and the Library. 
    • This includes four study rooms (Scholars Reading Room, Shoichi Noma Reading Room, Frederick Lewis Allen Room and Wertheim Study), which scholars can apply to use. 
    • The rooms will also hold books from Gregorian’s personal library.
  • Public events, programs and classes for researchers and visitors to learn more about the collections. Programs include:
    • Friday Afternoon Lecture Series: A new public lecture series, offering insights into books written with NYPL support and topics related to the library’s collections and exhibitions. Programs are held on Fridays at 2 p.m.
    • Research 101 Series: Tailored for both experienced and novice researchers, this series of classes, lectures and workshops offers comprehensive resources to advance research and fulfill information needs effectively.
    • Class Visits: Staff work with educators to design class visits that use the Library’s remarkable collections to foster creative inquiry, build critical thinking and information literacy skills, and inspire wonder and excitement around the process of research.

“It is impossible to overstate the impact of Vartan Gregorian. He is known as the savior of the Library, but I would argue his work to guarantee free access to knowledge for all at a time of enormous challenges also saved New York City. This naming honors that important legacy and underscores the significance of the Library’s mission, especially on behalf of a growing community of scholars worldwide. More and more it feels like we find ourselves in a moment not dissimilar from the one in which Vartan led the Library. At a time when once again people are counting New York City out, we will take inspiration in what he was able to achieve and navigate these choppy waters together,” said NYPL President Anthony W. Marx.

Dedication plaque at the entrance to the Vartan Gregorian Center for Research in the Humanities (Photo Ara Arakelian)

“The Vartan Gregorian Center for Research in the Humanities has a mission to inspire, engage and connect a growing community of researchers from all over the world, all while providing access to the Library’s remarkable collections,” said Brent Reidy, the Andrew W. Mellon Director of the Research Libraries. “It is an amazing resource for all, aptly named after our legendary former president who dedicated his life to providing free access to knowledge. I am excited to see the scholarship this site will support in the years to come.”

“The headline over the beautiful New York Times obituary of our father referred to him as the ‘Savior of the New York Public Library.’ He was so many things to so many people, but those words spoke eloquently to his journey and essence, the spirit of hope and enlightenment that defined his life and the central role that libraries played in it,” said Vahe, Raffi and Dareh Gregorian. “We are deeply grateful that this center will perpetuate his legacy of humanism, with Patience and Fortitude standing watch over our beloved Literary Lion.”

“If you knew Vartan, you know that he loved libraries, as Andrew Carnegie did before him. Vartan referred to them as an oasis for renewal of one’s imagination and the development of one’s mind—a necessity for every community,” said Dame Louise Richardson, president of Carnegie Corporation of New York. “We are delighted to honor his legacy as one of the NYPL’s great champions by supporting the Vartan Gregorian Center for Research in the Humanities. I cannot think of a more fitting tribute than a space for scholars to allow their imaginations to take flight amidst the extraordinary resources of this great library.”  

The renaming of the Gregorian Center is just the latest example of the Library’s ongoing commitment to scholarship and access to its collections. 

Notable developments in recent years under NYPL President Anthony W. Marx include:

  • Global Studies Curators: Over the past five years, the Library has appointed three global studies curators, each working across general and special collections, fostering a more collaborative approach to collection development and research support.
    • Hired in 2022, Hiba Abid is the first curator of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies at the Library. 
    • Hired in 2018, Paloma Celis Carbajal is the first curator of Latin American, Iberian and Latino Studies at the Library.
    • Hired in 2018, Bogdan Horbal is the curator in Slavic and East European Collections at the Library.
  • Increased Fellowships: The Library has seen a remarkable increase in the number of fellowships, with a growth of over 50-percent in the past three years, rising from 18 in 2020 to 28 today. This expansion also includes diversifying review panels, which has resulted in more diverse applicants.
  • Milstein Research Stacks: The Library has transformed an additional 55,700 square feet of raw space beneath Bryant Park into a second floor of the cutting-edge storage facility that can safely preserve and store over four million books and archival materials on-site, representing a historic milestone for the Library.
  • Shared Research Collection: Launched in 2017 in collaboration with Columbia, Princeton and Harvard, this initiative has made the Library’s volumes accessible to patrons through a shared catalog, more than doubling the research catalog from 10 million volumes to an impressive 24 million volumes.
  • Expanding Digital Access: Over 120,000 items have been digitized and made available through Digital Collections in the last five years, bringing the total number of items digitized to 865,983.

Gregorian led the Library during a time of extraordinary financial and social insecurity in New York City. He is widely credited with restoring the Library after years of neglect and building the foundation that enabled it to become the preeminent civic and educational institution it is known as today. Following a decade of fiscal crisis in New York City and disinvestment in the Library, he forged strong relationships within city government and in the philanthropic sector. The hard work paid off: he restored hours of service across branches, renovated many historic locations, and significantly grew the Library’s endowment. Gregorian also strengthened the circulating collections with a focus on multilingual and multicultural materials, grew the education and literacy programs, invested in curators and expert staff in our research libraries and increased the capacity to process and preserve the Library’s collections. 

About The New York Public Library

For over 125 years, The New York Public Library has been a free provider of education and information for the people of New York and beyond. With over 90 locations—including research and branch libraries—throughout the Bronx, Manhattan and Staten Island, the Library offers free materials, computer access, classes, exhibitions, programming and more to everyone from toddlers to scholars. The New York Public Library receives approximately 16 million visits through its doors annually and millions more around the globe who use its resources at www.nypl.org. To offer this wide array of free programming, The New York Public Library relies on both public and private funding. Learn more about how to support the Library at nypl.org/support.