168: Ursula woos the Caucasus – Head of the European Commission in Baku and Yerev

July 7, 2026

On July 1-2, the head of the European Commission, embroiled in corruption scandals, Ursula von der Leyen, was on a working visit to Azerbaijan and Armenia, which is completely logical within the framework of the Brussels structures’ approaches to the formation of transport and communication corridors bypassing the Russian territory.

With the EU’s relations with Georgia seriously deteriorating in 2024-2025, Brussels has stopped funding infrastructure projects in the Caucasian country, turning its attention to its southern neighbors., which, after the events of 2020-2023 around Nagorno-Karabakh, are being considered as a potential unified logistics hub.

Apart from general pathos statements, being At the end of negotiations with Ilham Aliyev in Baku, he promised to allocate up to 200 million euros in grants for the development of transport, energy and digital connections in the South Caucasus. “Cglobal network» within the framework of the investment program, thein which «projects may include, for example, the creation of a railway connection through Nakhichevan and the development of the port of Baku»:

It is assumed that these investments will become a prelude to attracting another 2 billion euros, but the feasibility of these plans is unclear. The European guest proposed holding a regional investment conference in Baku with the participation of the EU, as well as the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia. It is known that Baku, Tbilisi and Yerevan are actively establishing political-diplomatic and trade-economic ties with their neighbors on the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea, and in Brussels they are clearly trying to “keep their hand on the pulse”.

In December 2025, the modernization works of the local railway network began in Nakhichevan.

At the same time, it is planned to increase the capacity of Baku sea port to 25 million tons. The mentioned transport hubs are being actively promoted by the Azerbaijani authorities as key elements of the so-called Trans-Caspian International Transport Route, also known as «middle aisle»։ In addition to establishing a regular ferry service between Aktau-Kurik and Baku ports, it will provide an additional connection «Trump way» implementation of the project, which is called in Baku «Zangezur Corridor»:

At the beginning of June, RA Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan signed a framework agreement with Secretary of State Marco Rubio on the tripartite (“Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity”) project.

In the Syunik Marz of Armenia, the surveying works have started, through which the communication lines (railway and ahighway, possibly fiber optic cable, etc.). Brussels initially supported the project, which was in the interests of Azerbaijan and Turkey, and probably the head of the European Commission was discussing d:the possible involvement of Brussels not only in Baku, but also in Yerevan.

By the way, as a result of the negotiations with Nikol Pashinyan, quite modest numbers of monetary aid were announced. Armenia will receive 18 million euros: in: in addition to the previously promised 52 million euros for the diversification of foreign trade and 20 million euros «improving the lives of border communities» for which you have to share with your neighbors.

He has generously promised that the visa regime will be canceled until 2029 (!), but already this fall an evaluation mission is expected to assess the readiness for this fateful step. Moreover, no legal obligation Regarding the hypothetical accession of Armenia to the EU by Brussels (even as a candidate) in:as it was not, so it is not.

Thus, the resource-energy context of von der Leyen’s visit to the Caucasus, which is closely related to transportation projects, clearly overshadows the ideological mantras of “democracy” and “rule of law.” During his previous visit to Baku in July 2022, amid sanctions pressure on Moscow and a declared course to abandon Russian hydrocarbons, the head of the European Commission announced to at least double the capacity of the 3,500 km long so-called “Southern Gas Corridor” pipeline system stretching from the shores of the Caspian Sea to Europe by 2027 to 20 billion cubic meters per year. about the intention to increase to a meter. It must be admitted that certain results have been achieved. According to Aliyev, after 2022, EU gas exports have increased by about 65%.

Up to half of the gas exports of the Caspian Republic go to the countries of Southern and Central Europe, the list of which was recently supplemented by Slovakia, and most recently, in mid-June, Berlin and Baku signed an agreement on swap supplies of Azerbaijani gas to Germany. “The gas that three German companies have contracted from SOCAR, about 2 billion cubic meters per year, is very important for the stabilization of the European energy market,” the local media quoted German ambassador to Azerbaijan Ralf Horlemann as saying.

In addition to “traditional energy”, alternative energy is also being developed in Azerbaijan, attracting partners from various places. According to Aliyev, over the next 5-6 years, agreements with foreign and local companies will allow investment of around 8 gigawatts of solar and wind capacities, which will contribute to the strengthening of energy partnership. In 2024, the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan (SOCAR) joined the “Oil Gas Methane Partnership” program aimed at reducing methane emissions in the oil and gas sector. Commenting on the nuances of the dialogue with Brussels, experts from Baku persistently emphasize that they expect concrete commitments and investments from their partners, not promises and even more so, admonitions.

At the beginning of May, addressing the participants of the “European Political Community” summit in Yerevan (including the same Frau Ursula), Ilham Aliyev drew attention to the destructive role of the European Parliament and PACE, in Baku’s opinion, which regularly adopt politically motivated resolutions. It is assumed that the emphasis is on pragmatism and mutual benefit in the dialogue with the European Commission and the governments of individual states.

The Europeans’ interest in the Caucasian transport corridors is due to the need to supply energy resources, rare earths and other metals, uranium and other goods, which are important for the development of the military-industrial complex of European countries (first of all, Germany and France). Taking into account the official Brussels, Berlin and Paris course of total confrontation with Moscow, the clash of interests is visible to the naked eye. And there is a persistent feeling that the South Caucasus will not be left out of this conflict.

Andrey Areshev

infoshos.ru

Translation by Zhanna Avetisyan




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RFE/RL – Karapetian Defends Post-Election Caution

July 07, 2026
Armenia – Opposition leader Samvel Karapetian waves to supporters outside a court in Yerevan, April 17, 2026.

Billionaire Samvel Karapetian insisted on Tuesday that his Strong Armenia alliance is right to take up its seats in the new Armenian parliament without protesting against the official results of last month’s parliamentary elections in the streets.

Like other opposition groups, Strong Armenia has rejected as fraudulent those results that showed it finishing second in the June 7 elections with 23 percent of the vote. But it has refrained from staging street protests in Yerevan. Karapetian said that such protests could have caused unnecessary “upheavals” in the country.

“That is why we are following a legal path to regime change,” he told reporters. “One day we will be delighted to witness it.”

Karapetian also said that his bloc is waiting for “a number of triggers” which it thinks are necessary for toppling Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian through antigovernment demonstrations.

“If those triggers are in place, there will be both street struggles and struggles in the National Assembly,” he said.

Despite calls from many opposition supporters to boycott the parliament, Strong Armenia and former President Robert Kocharian’s Hayastan alliance have decided to take up their parliamentary seats. They both have insisted that this does not mean they accept the legitimacy of the ruling Civil Contract’s election victory shown by the official results.

Shortly after the polls, Karapetian proposed that the country’s leading opposition forces set up a “coordinating council” that would discuss and take joint actions against the Armenian government. Negotiations between them are still going on, with no agreements announced so far.

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Court Allows Seizure Of Ex-President Sarkisian’s Assets

July 07, 2026

Armenia – Former President Serzh Sarkisian talks to journalists outside a court in Yerevan, October 22, 2025.

An Armenian court has allowed prosecutors to confiscate around 630 million drams ($1.7 million) in cash, properties and other assets belonging to former President Serzh Sarkisian in a ruling denounced by his lawyer as illegal on Tuesday.

The prosecutors moved to seize them in 2023, invoking a controversial law that allows the nationalization of assets deemed to have been acquired illegally. The Western-backed law enacted by Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian’s government in 2020 requires former officials as well as their close relatives targeted by the prosecutors to prove the legality of their holdings even if they are not found guilty of corruption or other criminal offenses.

Pashinian has for years portrayed it as a major anti-corruption measure that will help his government recover “wealth stolen from the people.” Armenian opposition figures say, however, that Pashinian has selectively used the law to try to suppress dissent and cement his hold on power. They also maintain that the law violates the presumption of innocence guaranteed by the Armenian constitution.

Sarkisian’s lawyer, Amram Makinian, said his client will appeal against the “illegal and unsubstantiated” ruling handed down by a court of first instance on Monday.

“Mr. President’s assets are fully substantiated by legal income,” Makinian told RFE/RL’s Armenian Service.

The assets include 38 percent shares in an apartment and a parking slot in central Yerevan. It is not clear just how the prosecutors would separate and seize them from the rest of those properties which is understood to be owned by Sarkisian’s daughter. They have not challenged her ownership rights.

The 72-year-old ex-president, who ruled the country from 2008-2018 and leads the opposition Republican Party of Armenia, is also facing corruption charges in four separate cases rejected by him as politically motivated. He was acquitted in another corruption trial that concluded two years ago.

According to the Office of the Prosecutor-General, asset forfeiture cases are also pending against at least 154 other individuals, including former President Robert Kocharian, former Prime Minister Hovik Abrahamian and other ex-officials. The combined value of their and their relatives’ assets claimed by the law-enforcement agency exceeds $1 billion.

Despite growing media reports that members of Pashinian’s own entourage are enriching themselves or their cronies, no such cases are known to have been brought against any serving government officials, lawmakers or law-enforcement officers. Last year, Pashinian threatened to jail opposition lawmakers that accused him of turning a blind eye to those reports.

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Tsarukian Denies ‘Fabricated’ Charges After Arrest

July 07, 2026
Armenia – Opposition leader Gagik Tsarukian is taken to a court in Yerevan following his arrest, July 7, 2026.

Businessman and opposition leader Gagik Tsarukian strongly denied early on Tuesday new criminal charges that led to his arrest condemned by his party and other Armenian opposition groups as politically motivated.

A handcuffed Tsarukian was able to briefly talk to reporters as he was escorted out of an Investigative Committee building in Yerevan to face court hearings on his pre-trial arrest. He was greeted by hundreds of supporters who gathered outside the building.

“The accusation is fabricated, it’s a bubble, there is nothing in it,” he said. “We will prove that by 100 percent. Everything will be cleared up.”

The arrest followed a 12-hour search conducted at his villa by law-enforcement authorities on Monday. The latter also raided dozens of companies owned by Tsarukian and disrupted their operations in a crackdown widely linked to Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian’s repeated pledges to jail and “dispossess” his political foes.

Armenia’s Investigative Committee claims that Tsarukian led a “criminal group” that misappropriated $22 million worth of fuel, transport equipment and other goods supplied by his Iranian business partners from 2022-2024. His lawyers say he himself was defrauded by the Iranians and alerted the law-enforcement authorities about that.

“We clearly substantiated in the court that these individuals themselves owe Tsarukyan money and that they have not returned it, even though they had undertaken to do so by 2026,” one of the lawyers, Yerem Sargsian, said right after a court hearing on his client’s arrest.

However, the Yerevan court allowed investigators to hold Tsarukian in detention for the next two months. The defense lawyers said they will appeal against the decision made by the same judge who sanctioned the pre-trial arrest of a key Tsarukian ally in the run-up to last month’s disputed parliamentary elections.

Tsarukian’s arrest sparked a wave of condemnations from the country’s leading opposition forces. The largest of them, the Strong Armenia alliance led by billionaire Samvel Karapetian, said it is part of the “ongoing mass political persecution in the country.”

“The main goal of the ongoing repression by the current authorities is to silence opposition forces,” read a statement released by it overnight.

In a separate statement, eight other opposition parties said Pashinian is keen to “neutralize and effectively behead the opposition.” They said his “unprecedented repressive campaign” will not stop opposition efforts to topple him.

Pashinian pledged to jail Tsarukian, Karapetian and another top opposition leader, former President Robert Kocharian, before and after disputed parliamentary elections held on June 7. His critics say these statements prove that law-enforcement authorities are acting on his illegal orders.

The Investigative Committee has yet to shed light on separate criminal cases attributed by it to Monday’s raids on dozens of companies making up Tsarukian’s Multi Group conglomerate. Investigators sealed off the offices of the largest of those firms, notably a cement plant and a brandy distillery.

They also shut down Tsarukian’s private zoo located inside his vast compound just north of Yerevan. The committee claimed that three lions, one tiger and other wild animals were kept there as a result of “illegal hunting.” A spokeswoman for Tsarukian insisted that he had legal permits for all those animals.

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RFE/RL – Lion Dead After Confiscation From Tsarukian’s Zoo

July 07, 2026
Armenia – Officials put to sleep and confiscate a lion from Prosperous Armenia Party leader Gagik Tsarukian’s private zoo, July 6, 2026.

A lion belonging to Gagik Tsarukian died on Tuesday the day after being confiscated by Armenian law-enforcement authorities as part of a crackdown on the opposition leader promised by Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian.

The authorities effectively eliminated a private zoo located inside Tsarukian’s vast compound on Monday just as masked security officers searched it and arrested the wealthy businessman leading the opposition Prosperous Armenia Party (BHK). Wild animals kept there were moved to Yerevan’s public zoo during the demonstrative raid conducted one month after disputed parliamentary elections.

They included three lions and four tigers. Zoo officials fired tranquilizer darts to put them to sleep. One of the lions never woke up. Its death was officially confirmed the next evening.

Ashot Aslanian, the deputy director of the Yerevan zoo, said he warned the authorities that anesthesia-driven sleep will be dangerous for three of the big cats because of their old age.

“I pointed out during the relevant documentation that we are conducting a high-risk operation,” he said.

The Investigative Committee, which oversaw the operation, said it will launch an inquiry into the lion’s death.

The law-enforcement agency defended the closure of Tsarukian’s zoo the previous night, saying that the wild animals were kept there as a result of “illegal hunting” investigated by it. It did not elaborate on the claim. No lions or tigers live in the wild in Armenia.

Tsarukian’s spokeswoman, Iveta Tonoyan, insisted, meanwhile, that the 69-year-old tycoon had all legal permits for the confiscated animals.

“Perhaps the best conditions in Armenia were provided for the animals kept there,” she said.

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Verelq: The accusation is completely fabricated, it is a lie. Gagik Tsarukyan

The accusation is completely fabricated, it is a lie. PAP leader Gagik Tsarukyan told his supporters waiting for him when he was taken from the police station to the court after a five-hour interrogation.


“It’s a made up balloon, there’s nothing wrong with it. One hundred percent will be proven,” he confidently said. 


It should be noted that at night the motion to apply Tsarukyan’s detention for two months was submitted to the court. The court will examine the motion for disruption at 9:00 am, the judge is Garik Abelyan.  


After the search of Tsarukyan’s house, the CC issued a message, according to which one of the criminal proceedings investigated in the main department of economic crimes and smuggling investigation of the committee obtained factual data that a number of persons organized by G.S. apparently committed particularly large-scale fraud and money laundering during the years 2022-2024. Gagik Tsarukyan’s lawyer described the accusation as absurd and ridiculous.

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“Strong Armenia” was harmed by Russia

“Hraparak” daily writes:


In “Strong Armenia” they are sure that being associated with Russia has harmed them. anti-Russian sentiments spread to them as well and affected the results of the elections. Vladimir Putin’s famous statement in Moscow on April 1 also greatly damaged them.


Putin said: “There are many political forces that have a pro-Russian position… We would very much like that all those political parties and figures could participate in the internal political work during the elections.”


According to polls, before Putin’s statement, only 13 percent of our public associated Samvel Karapetyan with Russia, and after the statement, about 55 percent.

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Gagik Tsarukyan was arrested

8 opposition forces in a joint statement condemn the repressions carried out in Armenia.


“The opposition forces of the Republic of Armenia strongly condemn the repression carried out by today’s authorities against the leader of the “Prosperous Armenia” party Gagik Tsarukyan, as well as the searches carried out in the enterprises belonging to him.


The undersigned opposition forces express their support to Gagik Tsarukyan and reaffirm that pressure on any person for political views, opposition activity or political position is unacceptable in a legal and democratic state. It is a challenge to the whole society.


We also express our solidarity with all political prisoners and those citizens who are subjected to persecution or pressure for political reasons, and we reaffirm our determination to jointly protect their rights, democratic values ​​and the constitutional order of the Republic of Armenia.


We consider what is happening as another proof that the period of mass political persecution established in Armenia during the rule of Nikol Pashinyan is steadily progressing towards dictatorship. The number of political prisoners, as well as those persecuted for political reasons, is increasing day by day.


The prosecutions unleashed by the authorities have nothing to do with the administration of justice and the fight against crime.


It is obvious that these persecutions are caused solely by the political activity of Gagik Tsarukyan. Nikol Pashinyan does not even hide his motives. He gave the order to start the persecutions during one of the pre-election public gatherings, threatening to deprive the head of the party that submitted an application to participate in the election campaign.


It is obvious that these actions are aimed at consistently neutralizing and de facto decapitating the opposition, suppressing any manifestation of public dissent and creating an atmosphere of fear at the threshold of important political processes, including issues related to Armenia’s national and state interests.


Such a way of working gives a heavy blow not only to the country’s political system, but also to the economy. Violation of property rights, suppression of the economic activities of large entrepreneurs, and the use of law enforcement as a tool of political struggle will inevitably lead to an increase in unemployment, further deterioration of the investment climate, and deepening of economic instability.


We are convinced that in the current situation, the consolidation of all oppositional and public forces, as well as the entire society, is needed more than ever. Only with joint efforts will it be possible to protect the statehood of the Republic of Armenia, the constitutional order, democratic principles and citizens’ rights.


We call on Armenia’s international partners, international organizations and structures dealing with the protection of human rights and democratic institutions to immediately give a principled assessment of the events taking place and publicly express their position regarding the violation of democratic norms, human rights and politically motivated persecution of political opponents of the government.


Armenia does not need political repressions, but the rule of law, independent justice, political pluralism and national unity.


We declare that this unprecedented repressive campaign carried out by the authorities cannot break or stop the struggle of the opposition and Armenian society for the preservation of justice, freedom, democracy and statehood. The opposition forces will continue to protect the rights of citizens, the constitutional order of the Republic of Armenia, national interests and the future of Armenian statehood exclusively by legal and political means.


Armenian Revolutionary Federation


“Hayakve” National Civil Union


“Armenian National Congress” party


Republican Party of Armenia


“Prosperous Armenia” party


“Democratic Alternative” party


“Mother Armenia” party


Democratic Party of Armenia

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Davit Elbakyan’s brilliant entry into the Parisian professional theater world

Davit Elbakyan, the son of the popular tenor Ruben Elbakyan, made a brilliant entry into the Parisian professional theater world, portraying the character of Edmond in the staging of William Shakespeare’s immortal tragedy “King Lear”.


Today he is not just a promising young actor, but a true revelation. His bright stage presence, natural elegance of acting and noble demeanor characteristic of a born artist immediately captivated the audience.


There is no doubt that a new star is rising. Although David bears a famous surname, he confidently builds his creative path, relying first of all on his own talent, boundless hard work and dedication to art.


Talented director François-Xavier Boucherac also speaks about him with special appreciation, who notes:


“He is the dream actor of every director. I admire her inner strength, sensitivity and exceptional dedication to work.”


Let this promising creative dawn become the prelude to a long, rich and brilliant acting career for this handsome and talented young actor, who was educated at the prestigious theater school “Cours Cochet-Delavene” in Paris, whose graduates include such great artists of French theater and cinema as Gerard Depardieu, Fabrice Luquini and Carole Bouquet.

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For whom the bell tolls?

The message of Andranik Tevanyan, leader of the “Mother Armenia” party, from the “Yerevan-Kentron” prison, which he conveyed through his lawyer.


“For whom do the bells toll?”


Dear compatriots,


On the illegal orders of Nikol Pashinyan (citizen Nikol Pashinyan), opposition figures, parties, and individuals with public authority are subjected to political persecution, arrested, and become victims of the arbitrariness of “law enforcement officers”.


In particular, a total campaign was launched against the “Mother Armenia” party by the same Nikol Pashinyan’s decision. During the last 44 days, the following happened:


According to the instruction received from the rally platform, the Investigative Committee made a terrible accusation against me (Nikol Pashinyan is guided by the well-known principle of Goebbelsian propaganda: the bigger the lie, the more people will believe it: nothing else was expected from someone who wrote and printed an article against him with money).


This was followed by searches of our office, my home, and my garage (all of which were preceded by numerous illegalities, which I will talk about another time).


The Central Electoral Commission, which was turned into a vote-stealing instrument, led by Vahagn Hovakimyan, who is the walking embodiment of the “little man”, agreed to the request of the General Prosecutor’s Office, and I was arrested (on June 7 and after that, the CEC engaged in shameful election frauds, and on July 4, the CC condemned this fraud).


Along with the searches of our house and office, the apartment of my assistant Vahagn Ghazaryan was also searched. Perhaps they were looking for a “state secret”, simultaneously making it technically impossible and shutting down the activity of the “7or” news analysis website.


I would like to note that unlike the charge of passing on a state secret, which was introduced in a public manner, the charge was actually brought forward for allegedly passing on some other (non-state secret) information.


The publicly presented charge was for a Nikola show.


As is known, the apartments of Aregnaz Manukyan and Yervand Bozoyan, members of the board of the “Mother Armenia” party, were also searched in recent days.


Judging by everything, they received the order to “settle” a case against me, they “sewed” the case, and now within its framework, the investigators are providing an imitation of diligence in order to get images, loud headlines for the leader, to create an atmosphere of fear, and also to provide the formal aspect of extending my detention.


It is appropriate to remind that on June 23, during the session of the “Mother Armenia” faction of the Yerevan Council of Elders, a group attack was organized by the CP, which was welcomed and justified by citizen Nikol Pashinyan.


All this shows that “Mother Armenia” is one of the main targets and opponents of the current government serving the Turkish-Azerbaijani agenda.


Nikol Pashinyan and the CP majority of the newly formed parliament are not legitimate, they reproduced the power with unprecedented election frauds, one of whose geopolitical patrons continued to deceive the citizens of Armenia in a Gebelsabaro manner these days and lead Armenia to a geopolitical quagmire.


By the way, about the unprecedented election fraud. There have been election frauds in RA during all governments, but Nikol Pashinyan’s election frauds were unprecedented in the sense that, in addition to internal resources, external resources were also used from the government’s levers. Turkey, Azerbaijan, the President of France, EU bureaucrats became ideological, technological and propaganda sponsors of election fraud and directly interfered in the elections.


Naturally, in favor of Nikol Pashinyan. Now they demand the price of that support from him. He also pays, at the expense of the Armenian people.


The task of Armenian-centric political forces, non-governmental organizations, and citizens concerned about the future of our country is to prevent the Ukrainization and Moldovanization of Armenia, to resist the Azeriization of the RA government system, to oppose the dictatorial steps of the homegrown mix of Saakashvili, Zelensky and Sandu, and to reject the implementation of the “Western Azerbaijan” project.


Being guided by the dictates of external forces and carrying out the small money orders of the “war” party of the West make Nikol Pashinyan dangerous and even more Armenian-hater. In order to get out from under all that, Nikol Pashinyan needs the animalization of the political field, the information environment described in Orwell’s “1984”, the destruction of freedom of speech, and the criminalization of engaging in politics.


Nikol Pashinyan knows what Erdogan, Aliyev, Macron, Ursula demand from him… He knows what it will lead to, but he goes that way because he has no other way to save his life. That’s why it went through terrorism and repression. The Ursulas support him precisely for this reason, rather than being concerned about the problems of the Armenian peasant and our economy.


We must understand well that our internal political opponent is insidious, scared, over-motivated, with the mental state of a repeat offender, under the complete control and orders of outside forces. And that means that in the political field, “loyalty” should be replaced by “regular army”, apolitical or anti-political steps by political ones, “lyrics” by rationalism, egoism by self-centeredness.


The thought of sharing the skin of an unkilled bear will bring very bad results. So there is a need for correct consequences.


If there is no deep understanding of all this, then it is no longer important who received or did not receive a percentage in the National Assembly, or whether they will take the mandates or not, depending on the percentage they received.


In the created situation, all reasonable forces should unite their efforts. If it seems to some that they are being persecuted and attacked against “Mother Armenia” or some other force and this does not concern them, then they will be sorely mistaken. Tomorrow, when everyone’s houses will be searched and everyone will be arrested, there will be no one who will fight for them and our country.


This is not an isolated attack against our Church, His Holiness, respectable clergymen, “Mother Armenia”, PAP, ARF, “Strong Armenia”, “Hayakvei”, Avetik Chalabyan, Arthur Sargsyan, Armen Ashotyan, Alen Ghevondyan, Yervand Bozoyan, Aregnaz Manukyan, Davit Ghazinyan, myself or other political prisoners. This is systematic and large-scale oppression against all of us, because large-scale concessions and unprecedented betrayal are being prepared.


At the moment, they focused on Gagik Tsarukyan. They are organizing a search show. Tomorrow they will go to the others.


Nikol Pashinyan has brought Armenia into such a dangerous game that repeating the fate of Artsakh may be worse for us. Ursulas, who give beautifully packaged false promises to Armenian villagers, after that can at most allocate crumbs of money for tents and second refreshments for Armenian refugees. Or they won’t do that either.


And so, we should exclude partiality, small conjunctural approaches and draw correct conclusions. Then it will be too late.


Using the wording of the classic, I will conclude my speech. don’t ask for whom the bells are tolling, because they are tolling for you.

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