Thought On The Occasion Of The Publication Of A Pamphlet

THOUGHT ON THE OCCASION OF THE PUBLICATION OF A PAMPHLET

Azg/Arm
10 Nov 04

A friend recently gave me a pamphlet to read and to comment on. The
pamphlet has the title: Religious Tolerance in Armenia. As the date
indicates, it presumably was published in August 2002. Those who
put it together call themselves the “Collaboration for Democracy
Union”. The pamphlet consists of 30 pages, has a glossy cover, with
color photographs on the front and back covers. The photograph on the
front cover is of a group of four people attending a conference. The
back cover contains three photographs of individuals identified as
the president of the organization, the English translator and the
editor of the pamphlet. The first page of the pamphlet is reserved
for the editorial. The last statement of the editorial, as well as
an announcement on the last page of the pamphlet indicate that the
“Religious Tolerance in Armenia” program, and thus the publication
of the present pamphlet, have been sponsored by the “Open Society
Institute Assistance Fund – Armenia”. For those who are unaware, the
“Assistance Fund” is set up by the Soros Foundation.

In spite of my willingness and all of my efforts, I was unable
to read beyond page 16 of the pamphlet. English is not the most
utilized foreign language in Armenia, but for the sake of God,
can anyone explain how dare people write in a language they know
nothing about? Furthermore, how could they hope to win friends
to their viewpoint or to influence people? What is the point of
publishing the pamphlet in English when their purpose clearly is to
agitate the Armenian public? The aim of the pamphlet is supposedly
to promote religious tolerance in Armenia. If so, then what purpose
does it serve to pursue such a noble goal, in a foreign language,
in such an incoherent, incompetent and inept manner? Having raised
these questions, let me return to the issue of the quality of the
language of the pamphlet. The language is simply atrocious. There is
not one single correct or meaningful English sentence in all of the
16 pages of the pamphlet-Which I managed to read. The choice of the
language of the pamphlet is an enigma for me.

The pamphlet is not well researched either. It lacks accurate
information and facts on the religious organizations and minorities in
Armenia. The pamphlet pretends to be the last word on the religious
organizations existing in the pre-Soviet, Soviet and post-Soviet
eras. However, the reader is left without a definite understanding
as to how many of these organizations actually existed or were
registered during the periods referred to above. As a matter of fact,
on a given page the names of only nine of these organizations are
provided prior to the break-up of the Soviet Union, but following
some confusing statements, on that very same page, the writers arrive
at the -conclusion that, “…before independence, 14 religious or
divine organization were registered or acting in Armenia”. Note the
“divine organizations” in the previous quotation, for the life of me,
I have been unable to comprehend what is meant by this expression. It
is not simply atrocious, it is ridiculous.

The pamphlet also is offensive to those whom it aims to support or
to create tolerance towards. Instead of referring to the Church of
the Seventh Day Adventists, the Evangelical Church, the Pentecostal
Church, the Hare Krishna, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter
Day Saints, the authors insultingly list them as the “Adventists
of the 7th Day Church”, the “Evangelic Church”, the “Pentecosts”,
the “Hare Krishna adherents”, and the “Church of Saints of Christ’s
Last Days.” The writers are ignorant as well. Without hesitation
and with certainty, they talk of the “Osman Empire”. The pamphlet
abounds with such nonsensical expressions as “liberty of conscience”,
“can be conditionally divided”, “As a rule, new communities have been
preaching actively”, “in Armenia have taken place court trials, which
sides are religious communities and members of religious communities”,
“replacing the disputing questions to the court”, “law remains the
true to life issue”, “the field of household activities”, “absence
of democratic traditions obstacle the formation of civil society”,
and these absurdities go on and on.

Bear in mind that in the case of these quotations, I stopped on
page three of the pamphlet. Before going on to the next subject,
let me point out the real beauty of the cover page in the name of the
organization. “What’s in a name?” was the famous question. I would
say, quite a lot. To manifest the self is the most important component
of a name, particularly when it relates to an organization. Forgetting
for one moment the negative connotation of the word “collaboration”,
permit me to ask the question, collaboration with whom, at what
price and for what purpose? Couldn’t they put a more positive spin on
their name, by choosing instead a more neutral terminology, such as
“cooperation”? No! It had to be that name, it had to be crystal clear
for the sake of self-manifestation. After all, the editorial page
speaks of “fulfilling” several times. One fulfills an order, a command,
or a demand. Whose order, command or demand does this group fulfill?

Now let us return to the name of the organization, “Collaboration
for Democracy Union”. Forgetting the unanswered questions the name
brings to mind, as to who is collaborating with whom, is a union
collaborating with someone for the sake of democracy? Or is someone
joining a democracy in collaboration with others? I simply have to
state is it a wonderful discovery! Three nouns and a preposition
are supposed to convey a meaning, form a sentence. The logic is,
one throws words together and voila, a sentence is formed. And to
think that these ignorant people have been entrusted with the task
of altering the priorities of the Armenian people.

Those who sponsored the organization, which “researched” and published
this pamphlet, obviously had the specific intent in mind to discredit
some of the newspapers in Armenia. That was the demand. The pretense
was a court case regarding the misdeeds of a “preacher” of one the
sects, a story which some of the newspapers did not cover to the liking
of the sponsors of the organization. How dare they?! Let’s teach them
a lesson! Thus, the newspapers have become the targets of a diatribe
in the pamphlet. Those who put the pamphlet together incoherently
tried to create a stir, jumping from one issue to the next, making
unwarranted accusations about these newspapers and all of a sudden,
in the middle of these accusations, the internal division within the
worldwide Armenian Apostolic Church is brought to the surface. The
strategy is simple: Confuse people, diminish the credibility of
your opponents, and going beyond, point out the weakness or the
perceived shortcoming of your real target. After all, in the minds
of the sponsors, the real culprit is the Armenian Apostolic Church,
it should be vanquished and subdued.

Is that so Mr. Soros? You are used to getting your way, through
your maleficent benefactions with your so-called “foundations”
and the like, disturbing the peace of countries and disrupting
societies. Seemingly, your appetite has been whetted by your latest
conquest in the neighborhood of Armenia, when your victims so easily
succumbed to your onslaught. People of Armenia, it is up to you how
to respond to this new threat. With the power of tenacity and the
gift of devotion to principles, you have survived in the past against
all odds. My hope is that these God-given traits have not diminished
within you and in spite of the prevailing conditions in Armenia;
you will find the resources within you to withstand this new menace.

By Bishop Paren

Construction Of “Stepanakert-Sarushen-Karmir Shuka” Part Of”North-So

CONSTRUCTION OF “STEPANAKERT-SARUSHEN-KARMIR SHUKA” PART OF “NORTH-SOUTH”
ROAD COMPLETED

Azg/Arm
10 Nov 04

“Hayastan” Pan-Armenian Fund informed that n November 8 the
construction of “Stepanakert-Sarushen-Karmir Shuka” part of
“North-South” Road is completed. This part of the road stretches
14kms.

In the course of the four years passed from the beginning
of the construction 57,2kms of the road have already been
constructed. Construction of 31,5 kms is ahead. The road stretching
from Stepanakert to Hadrut will pass though all the five regions
of Nagorno Karabakh Republic. In Stepanakert it will join “Goris
Stepanakert” road.

“North-East” is considered the skeleton of Artsakh and will pass
through over 20 dwelling places of the republic.

From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Armenian Chief of Staff meets US military officials in Washington

Armenian Chief of Staff meets US military officials in Washington

Mediamax news agency
9 Nov 04

Yerevan, 9 November: The chief of the General Staff of the Armenian
armed forces, Col-Gen Mikael Arutyunyan, has met the chairman of the US
Armed Forces Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen Richard Myers, in Washington.

The Armenian Defence Ministry’s information department has told
Mediamax news agency that Mikael Arutyunyan was on a visit to the
USA between 31 October and 5 November at Richard Myers’ invitation.

During the visit, the chief of the General Staff of the Armenian armed
forces held meetings at the US Combined Forces Command, the US Central
Command in Tampa and NATO’s Supreme Allied Command Transformation
in Norfolk.

Military cooperation, peacekeeping, Armenia’s participation in events
within the framework of NATO’s Partnership for Peace programme were
discussed at the meetings.

BAKU: Azeri leader not averse to Armenian MPs’ visit to Baku – TV

Azeri leader not averse to Armenian MPs’ visit to Baku – TV

Lider TV, Baku
9 Nov 04

Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev has said that he is not averse to
Armenian MPs’ visit to Baku to attend the NATO Parliamentary Assembly’s
Rose-Roth seminar on 26-28 November, Azerbaijani Lider TV has reported.

“If we do not hold this seminar because of Armenians, this will
not be in Azerbaijan’s interests,” a Lider TV correspondent quoted
Aliyev as saying during his trip to the country’s southern districts
on 9 November.

Tajikistan, Armenia owe Russia millions for border protection,say au

Tajikistan, Armenia owe Russia millions for border protection, say auditors

ITAR-TASS news agency
9 Nov 04

Moscow, 9 November: A meeting of the board of the Audit Chamber
of the Russian Federation has examined the results of a check into
the use of federal assets and funds allocated to the Russian FSB’s
[Federal Security Service] Border Service for its directorates in
Tajikistan and Armenia.

The Audit Chamber’s information department told an ITAR-TASS
correspondent today that, according to the findings, there are still
“questions connected with the co-financing of the border directorates
by the host countries”.

“During the first half-year the shortfall in Tajikistan’s financing
of Russian border guards was over R263m, and almost R3.2m in the case
of Armenia,” the information department noted.

During the discussions at the board meeting it was also noted that,
because the border directorates are not registered as corporate
bodies in the Russian Federation [RF], Tajikistan or Armenia, there
are social problems and property issues connected, for example, with
the pensionable service of civilian personnel with RF citizenship
who have moved to take up permanent residence in Russia.

The board of the Audit Chamber decided to send representations
over these questions to the Finance Ministry and the FSB’s Border
Service. It will also write a letter to the government to inform it
of the situation and send reports on the findings of the check to
the chambers of the Federal Assembly, the Audit Chamber’s information
department said.

The End Justified The Means

THE END JUSTIFIED THE MEANS

A1+
09-11-2004

Armenian Progressive Party and United Communist Party staged a protest
action on Tuesday against giving ArmenTel monopoly on IP telephony.

The protest action participants carried banners with “we demand
high-quality communication” written on them. They burned a huge
pasteboard telephone. Arshak Sadoyan, a devoted opposition activist
and MP was invited to the event.

Progressive Party’s deputy chair Sargis Harutyunyan was constantly
barring journalists from asking Sadoyan questions while protest was
under way. Sadoyan reacted angrily to Harutyunyan’s conduct. “If you
invited me, let me speak”, he said.

As it became clear later, the only aim of the action was to pursue
Sadoyan to reveal the name of a member of the cabinet ministers who
had been given a $7-million bribe by ArmenTel for retaining its sole
right to provide communication.

The opposition MP recently made the allegation without giving the
name of the bribe-taker.

The young provocateur’s instigation produced wanted effect. Using
pressure, he forced Sadoyan to name the corrupted minister. The
latter’s name was David Harutyunyan.

After extracting the stunning revelation from the opposition activist,
Sargis Harutyunyan said if Sadoyan doesn’t present convincing evidence
confirming his allegation before the end of the week, he will be
prosecuted for his libelous statement.

It is remarkable that both Progressive and Communist Parties have
supported current president Robert Kocharyan’s candidacy during the
2003 presidential elections.

Sadoyan admitted that the action initiators had accomplished a great
deal in carrying out their plan.

After the goal was achieved by using dishonest means, Harutyunyan
called on the action participants to go home.

The head of the party, Tigran Urikhanyan, was absent from the event
because of “health problems”.

Is the door to Armenia being opened?

09 November 2004,
Turkish Daily News
Editorial
Mehmet Ali Birand

Is the door to Armenia being opened?

Turkey received a very interesting report from Yerevan last weekend.

The Armenian government, led by Robert Kocharyan, in its budget
proposal sent to the Armenian Parliament noted that, “The recognition
of the Armenian genocide by Turkey is not the government’s primary
foreign policy objective.” The government said the repair of relations
with Turkey was a priority.

If Kocharyan intends to implement such a serious policy shift, it
will soon become apparent. Policies implemented will show whether
this policy shift is sincere or just a false gesture.

I know Armenia and Kocharyan. The word “genocide” is such a mystical
and accepted concept that no matter how much we refute or try to
disprove it, we will not eradicate this belief. For an Armenian,
the word “genocide” will always remain in their national psyche.

For Turkey, it is just the opposite.

Genocide is unacceptable. No matter how much pressure they put on us,
no matter what the European Union tells us, a Turk will never accept
it. Blood was spilt on both sides. Unspeakable horrors were committed
and shameful things happened. We might exchange apologies because of
what happened, but never recognize “genocide.”

Armenia is a small and poor neighbor of ours. Turkey is a giant
knocking on the EU’s door. Should these two countries continue to
wage this genocide battle and always remain enemies? Or should both
sides preserve their beliefs, let the genocide issue drop from the
top of the agenda and try to find ways to mend bilateral relations?

Turkey has made a number of gestures in this respect.

When Turgut Ozal was prime minister, the Kars border crossing was
about to be opened. The Armenian invasion of Azerbaijan prevented
this from happening. When Suleyman Demirel was prime minister, he came
very close to signing a deal with the former Armenian President Levon
TerPetrosyan. These meetings, in which even the Nationalist Movement
Party (MHP) leader Alparslan Turkes took part, the motivation was
always, “Let’s freeze the past and look at today.”

Each time, it was the Armenians that withdrew. For Yerivan, the
priority always remained with the insistence of the Diaspora making
Turkey recognize the “genocide.”

Armenia, meanwhile, is trying to survive in its small world, isolated
from everywhere. Despite the fact that its only door to the West is
Turkey, it persists in following an impossible dream.

The news from Yerevan made me ask myself if this was a sincere policy
change. If true, we can say that this could be an historic turning
point for Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey.

Kocharyan is in a position to make this happen. He should not miss
this opportunity.

Manoyan: Any shift in the US policy toward Armenia would be a positi

Manoyan: Any shift in the US policy toward Armenia would be a positive one

Yerkir/arm
November 05, 2004

“Concerns that the US would adopt a negative policy toward Armenia
because the Armenian National Committee of America and the Armenian
political parties of the United States supported Sen. Kerry in the
presidential election, are baseless,” Kiro Manoyan, ARF Bureau’s Hay
Dat and Political Office director said, according to an Armenpress
report.

Manoyan added that in the United States supporting one of the
candidates does not result in hostilities. “I believe any shift in
the US policy toward Armenia would be a positive one because the sides
saw the activism of the ANCA and the Armenian community and will try
to please them.”

Meanwhile, in US Congress election, held along with the presidential
election, ANCA supported 202 candidates â~@~S both Republican and
Democrat â~@~S and 158 of them were elected.

As for the ANCA’s plans with the new administration, Manoyan said that
the goals are defined based on the organization’s mission. “The issues
have not changed: to enhance Armenian-American relations, ensure US
support for strengthening Armenia, ensure a positive stance of the US
toward the Artsakh issue, recognition of the Armenian Genocide. This
is our agenda regardless who is in office.”

When asked doesn’t Bush’s victory indicate that he was not going
to recognize the Armenian Genocide in the next four years, Manoyan
noted that before the previous election, Bush promised to recognize
the Armenian Genocide but he didn’t.

So, Manoyan said, it made no sense to give such a promise again; all
the Armenian community has to do now is to pursue that the Genocide
issue, as well as other Armenia-related issues be considered by the
Bush administration more seriously.

–Boundary_(ID_b37f54b03Pn5HsNF6z6zXQ)–

From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Melkonian issue: =?UNKNOWN?Q?=91Where?= has all the money gone?

‘Where has all the money gone?
By Jean Christou

Cyprus Mail
Nov 10 2004

Legal battle brews to save the Melkonian from closure

THE GREAT, great nephew of the two founders of the Melkonian
Educational Institute (MEI) is in Cyprus to join the fight to save
the 78-year old school founded by members of his family.

MEI is under threat of closure from June 2005, after the Armenian
General Benevolent Union (AGBU), which administers Armenian schools all
over the world, decided the loss-making school should close finally.

The move has prompted outrage amongst the Armenian community in
Cyprus and abroad, which suspects financial motives on the part of
the AGBU as the MEI is sitting on an estimated £40 million worth of
commercial property.

Swiss-based businessman Jack Melkonian has decided to join in the
legal battle to save the school and questions the motives of the AGBU.

“I am very concerned about what his happening because this was
a donation made by our family. It was a long time ago — three
generations back — but nevertheless as a family we are concerned
because there have been a lot of rumours. I have come here to see
with my own eyes to see what is happening,” he told the Cyprus Mail
in an interview yesterday.

“I have talked to the children and the parents and support a
fundraising for eventual legal costs that may occur. We may have to
engage lawyers for the simple reason it is a very complicated matter
and obviously this is going to cost money because we have to talk to
legal experts.”

Melkonian, who was last here three years ago to mark the school’s
75th anniversary said he was rather shocked during this visit to see
how the monument to his great-great uncles has been neglected.

It was his great-great uncle Garabed, who died in Cyprus in 1934 who
made the donation that allows the school to exist.

Melkonian said his family has a copy of a deed which clearly states
that a trust should be set up, the proceeds of which were to keep
the school going

“There is no mention in that deed that the school should not exist.
In fact my great-great uncle was rather concerned that the school
stay open. The amount donated at that time corresponded to the budget
of Luxembourg. It was a very large amount of money so if it had been
set up as a trust, the interest should have covered the expenses of
the school,” he said.

“It also says clearly that if for any reason the AGBU cannot take care
of the school or that the AGBU closes down, that this fund should
be transferred to another institution that could take care of the
school which in my opinion clearly says that the continuity of this
school was very much an issue. These are the two issues that are of
particular concern to us.”

Melkonian said he has approached the AGBU on several occasions and
written to each member of the board individually. He said he was told
that they possess another document, which cancels out the wishes of
Garabed Melkonian. It’s a document, he said, nobody else seems to
have seen. He has asked for a copy of the document before travelling
to New York at the invitation of the AGBU, but so far it has not been
forthcoming, he said. “The AGBU boils down to an financial institution
run by what I call civil servants because they are there to serve the
Armenian community and not to play the money on the stock exchange
and whatever,” he said.

“I have nothing against the AGBU as an organisation, it is wonderful.
We have great esteem for it but we are more concerned about the people
who are running the AGBU at the moment who have taken this decision.”

Melkonian said his family was puzzled over the trust fund that was
designed to support the school. “Even if the money has been exhausted,
the school and the land are still here and there are a number of
members of the Armenian community that are willing to support the
school to set up a new fund. There is also an income from the business
centre on the land. The revenue of that centre is almost half the
running costs of the school.

“That money seems to flow to the States and we don’t really know what
they are doing with it. They are claiming the maintenance of the school
costs them £1.2 million of which already half should be covered from
this. There is still $4.5 million from what was donated originally so
we think there is no need to close this school for financial reasons,”
he added.

Melkonian said he is also disturbed by the way the parents and children
have been intimidated by people that the AGBU has engaged in Cyprus
to ensure the school’s closure.

“We had a meeting there on Sunday, which is not a school day, and
they prohibited the children from attending,” he said. “All this is
extremely disturbing.”

He said he has asked the AGBU to find an alternative to closing the
school such as restructuring to make it viable to attract Armenian
students from Moscow, where around one million Armenians live without
access to an Armenian education. He said some interest had already been
expressed by Armenians in Russia in sending their children to Cyprus.

“Some homework is necessary on the part of the AGBU but I understand
that in New York that they are not equipped for that. They are not
even equipped to make sure that this place is being kept tidily. I was
very shocked. I saw the house where my great uncle lived completely
neglected with garbage in the garden,” Melkonian said.

“I finally came to the conclusion that in New York what matters is the
balance sheet and we don’t know what that says. They will never show
it to anybody. There is no transparency within that organisation. I
also feel there is a lot of nepotism and people are being appointed
to the board who are there because they are related to one or the
others so I am questioning not only what is happening here but in
general the way this is being done in New York and I think a lot of
Armenians feel the same way.”

Melkonian said the AGBU seemed to have forgotten that although it is
supposed to be a financial organisation, it is also supposed to have
a human side and questioned how such a far-reaching decision as the
closure of the MEI could have been taken by a mere handful of people.

“There are other Armenian schools but none like this one,” he said.

“The Melkonian is a monument to 20th century Armenian history. It
took 78 years to build it up and it’s being destroyed within one year,
which is a great mistake. With a little work the school can be saved.”

–Boundary_(ID_OZ7nZxTUE308I9+D4DfELA)–

European Bank Report Finds Former Soviet Oil Economies Booming

European Bank Report Finds Former Soviet Oil Economies Booming
By Mark Baker, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Radio Free Europe, Czech Republic
Nov 10 2004

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) this
week confirmed what many in Russia, Ukraine, and Central Asia had
already suspected — their economies are booming. In its annual
Transition Report, released yesterday, the bank said higher oil and
other commodity prices are fueling skyrocketing annual growth for
many countries. In fact, the former Soviet Union is now the world’s
second-fastest-growing region in the world — behind only China and
neighboring countries in Asia. But the high prices won’t last forever.

Prague, 9 November 2004 (RFE/RL) — Willem Buiter, the EBRD’s chief
economist, said that from an economic standpoint, Russia and the
countries of the former Soviet Union have never had it so good.

Speaking to RFE/RL today from the bank’s headquarters in London,
Buiter said that with oil prices at around $50 a barrel and prices
of other commodities soaring, growth in the former Soviet Union could
reach 7 to 8 percent next year:

“Oil and gas prices are dragging Russia itself and Azerbaijan,
Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan merrily along with them — and strong
cotton prices [as well],” Buiter said. “Gold prices do the same for
Kyrgyzstan, and for aluminum it’s Tajikistan. So we have a range
of very favorable international conditions. Not only are the prices
[of their commodity exports] higher, but also for their noncommodity
exports, there’s buoyant demand.”

The bank’s Transition Report — issued each November — is viewed as
a scorecard for the postcommunist countries in Europe and the former
Soviet Union the bank was established to help. The report forecasts
economic growth in each of the countries and also evaluates them on
reform efforts.

Buiter said, however, that while growth rates are rising, progress
in implementing reforms — things like simplifying tax codes and
cracking down on corruption — is lagging. In countries from Russia
through Central Asia and Ukraine, he said there was relatively little
effort made at reform in the past year.

There might even be an inverse relationship between oil wealth and
reform — meaning that the more natural wealth a country possesses, the
less pressure the authorities there feel to implement positive changes.

“The main consequence of nature’s largesse seems to be a slowdown
in reform efforts,” Buiter said. “Basically, easy growth and easy
government revenues from taxation and royalties make the sense of
urgency felt by the authorities to pursue reform less acute. So,
if anything, I think this commodity boom is slowing down reform.”

Buiter cited Kyrgyzstan as an exception. In this year’s report,
Kyrgyzstan was praised for introducing economic reforms the EBRD says
will serve them well in the future: “The main things that they’ve
done right [in Kyrgyzstan] is that they liberalized quite [a lot].
There was progress in structural reforms. They privatized the Kumtor
gold mine, which accounts for 10 percent of [the size of the Kyrgyz
economy] on its own. They have taken steps to enhance open transparency
in businesses. They adopted an anti-corruption law in March [2003].”

The report says that even in oil- or commodity-poor states — like
Armenia and Georgia — economies are growing in step with regional
growth. But Buiter said in these countries, successful reform efforts
are important to ensure continued growth.

“Reform, reform, reform. And implement the reforms. Don’t just pass
the laws. Anybody — or nearly anybody — can do that. Implement
on the ground. And in order to implement with the limited public
administration capacity you have, you have to keep it simple,”
Buiter said.

The EBRD is relatively active in all but two formerly communist
countries — Belarus and Turkmenistan.

Buiter said the past year simply brought more of the same misery to
both countries.

He listed Turkmenistan’s many problems: “[The] total lack of reform.
The frightening backwardness of the public administration. In the
case of Turkmenistan, the destruction of its human capital by its
dismantling of serious higher education, and indeed undermining even
secondary education, makes one worry greatly about the future of
the country.”

And he said Belarus doesn’t fare any better: “They had a fraudulent
[referendum recently], and the country is moving steadily away from
the canons of democratic and transparent pluralist societies that our
bank is supposed to support and work in. Belarus and Turkmenistan
are the two worst cases in our bank’s portfolio. One really feels
for the people of these countries who have to live through these very
difficult times.”

Neither Belarus nor Turkmenistan meets the EBRD’s democratic standards
as spelled out in its charter, and the bank has had to greatly reduce
its lending and support activities in those two countries.