Asbarez: UCLA Promise Armenian Institute Announces Kerr Family Lectureship

Ann Kerr and family


LOS ANGELES— The UCLA Promise Armenian Institute and the Kerr Family have come together to create an endowed lectureship with the aim of amplifying the stories of heroes and heroines who dedicated themselves to providing humanitarian support for victims and survivors of violence and mass atrocities in times of crisis.     

The lectureship will be named in honor of the Kerr Family, whose progenitors include Professor Stanley and Elsa Reckman Kerr, who not only worked for many years with the Near East Relief organization, rescuing and caring for survivors of the Armenian Genocide of 1915–23, but also documented their experiences. The Kerrs’ descendants include the late Malcolm Kerr, former UCLA professor and president of the American University of Beirut, and his wife, Ann Kerr, who has served UCLA for many decades as the Coordinator of the Fulbright Enrichment Program.   

The first Kerr Family Lecture at UCLA will feature documentarian Ani Hovannisian, who will present the extraordinary humanitarian work of Stanley and Elsa Kerr during and after the Armenian Genocide in Marash, Aleppo and Beirut. Hovannisian has gathered and will share extensive archival material and footage on the history of the Kerrs and their longstanding contributions, which continue through their family to the present day. Historian and UCLA Professor Emeritus Richard Hovannisian, who knew the Kerrs and wrote the introduction to Stanley Kerr’s 1973 memoir, “The Lions of Marash,” will deliver an introduction and commentary prior to the talk. 

The inaugural Kerr Family lecture will take place in person on Wednesday, April 12 at 7 p.m. PST at the UCLA Mong Learning Center (Engineering VI Building). Pre-registration is required for the hybrid event, which will offer remote online participation. To register for in-person attendance or participation via the Zoom webinar platform visit the event website.

Stanley, Elsa, and Marion (sister) in Marash with the Near East Relief, 1921

Subsequent lectures in the Kerr Family lecture series, which aims to inspire courageous humanitarian efforts by future generations, will focus on the contributions of individuals — especially those who are not widely known — who have played similarly critical roles in helping alleviate the suffering of those facing war, famine, genocide and other mass atrocities. Annual talks provided by distinguished scholars will make the life stories of these heroes more widely known.  

“It is particularly fitting that the Promise Armenian Institute will host this annual lecture series. The actions of numerous heroes during the Armenian Genocide no doubt inspired and found parallels throughout the century that followed and well into the 21st century. Drawing such connections in a visible way, year after year, will encourage future scholarly research and humanitarian action in response to mass tragedies,” remarked Steve Kerr, head coach of the Golden State Warriors and a grandson of Stanley and Elsa Kerr.    

“As a scholarly organization with a focus on Armenia and Armenians — an ethnic group that has unfortunately suffered subjugation and genocide, as well as a century of systemic denial of that genocide — it is fitting for the PAI to celebrate not only the Kerr family’s contributions, but those of unsung heroes associated with other mass atrocities,” said Ann Karagozian, director of PAI and distinguished professor in the UCLA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.    

“The commemoration of both historical and contemporary events will place the Armenian experience within a global context and clearly demonstrate the chilling effect that indifference, denial and lack of accountability can have on the repetition of mass violence, as we are witnessing even today,” she noted.    

For registration and event details visit the event website.   

For more information on this event, please contact the UCLA Promise Armenian Institute at [email protected], 310-569-6325, or visit its website.

Russia slams EU monitoring mission in Armenia

feb 21 2023
 21 February 2023

The EU monitoring mission in Armenia. Image via Twitter.

Russia’s Foreign Ministry has criticised the European Union for sending a monitoring mission to Armenia, accusing it of trying to undermine Russia’s influence in the region.

On Monday, the Russian Foreign Ministry’s spokesperson Maria Zakharova accused the European Union of attempting to gain a foothold in Armenia.

‘Regrettably, this is not the first time when we see that the European Union is sparing no effort to win a foothold in our allied Armenia’, she said. ‘We only see political motives behind these attempts which are a far cry from the interests of normalising relations in the South Caucasus’.

The spokesperson’s statements came on the day that the EU deployed a two-year civilian monitoring mission in Armenia.

[Read more: EU approves 2-year monitoring mission to Armenia–Azerbaijan border]

Zakharova stated that Baku’s ‘negative views’ about the mission had been ‘ignored’.

Azerbaijan reluctantly agreed to the mission in January, with the Foreign Ministry stating that some EU member states had shown ‘bias’ that ‘affected the overall trust as regards to the credibility and transparency of the decision-making within the EU’. 

‘We remain of the firm position that such an engagement must not be exploited for derailing the normalisation process between Azerbaijan and Armenia, including in the context of [the] border delimitation process that should be carried out exclusively on a bilateral basis’, read the ministry’s statement.

The two-year monitoring mission comes following a two-month mission which was deployed along the Armenia–Azerbaijan border following the September 2022 war between the two countries. 

Consisting of 100 civilian members, including 50 unarmed monitors, the mission will be headquartered in Yeghegnadzor in southern Armenia. Germany, France, Lithuania, and the Netherlands are among the countries that have announced their participation in the mission so far.

The EU foreign affairs chief, Josep Borrell, praised the mission’s prospects, stating that it will support EU efforts in the peace process between Armenia and Azerbaijan.


Syrian President Al-Assad Receives Armenia’s Foreign Minister

Lebanon – Feb 23 2023

NNA – Syrian President Bashar al-Assad received on Thursday the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, Ararat Mirzoyan.

President  al-Assad voiced his gratitude for all what Armenia has sent of rescue teams and relief aids for the quake-affected people, stressing that the ties binding Syria with the Armenians all over the world are historical.

President  al-Assad considered that building good relationships and alliances among states with shared principles are important for overcoming the challenges and changes.

The guest minister Mirzoyan conveyed the condolences of Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan and the Armenian people, asserting that his country can’t but stand by the Syrians and offer them aids, recalling that Armenia still remember Syria’s stance beside Armenians along with offering them assistance when the devastating earthquake occurred  there in 1988, as Syria was the homeland for thousands of Armenians who are still living here, in Syria. — SANA News Agency

https://www.nna-leb.gov.lb/en/regional/596935/syrian-president-al-assad-receives-armenia-s-forei

A 7.1 magnitude earthquake hits Tajikistan

Save

Share

 18:36,

YEREVAN, FEBRUARY 23, ARMENPRESS. According to the European-Mediterranean Seismological Center (EMSC), a 7.1 magnitude earthquake hit eastern Tajikistan, ARMENPRESS reports, the Iranian IRNA agency said.

According to the China Seismological Center, the shakings were recorded on the border between Tajikistan and China, not far from Xinjiang. The magnitude of the earthquake was 7.2.

Tajikistan has not yet provided information on possible victims and devastations.

ANCA Western Region Endorses L.A. County Supervisor Kathryn Barger’s Re-Election Bid

ANCA-WR Board and staff members with Supervisor Barger (center) and her chief deputy Anna Mouradian (third from right)


GLENDALE—The Armenian National Committee of America-Western Region announced its endorsement of Los Angeles County Supervisor Kathryn Barger’s re-election in 2024.

The announcement was made on Wednesday during a fundraising event organized by Friends of ANCA-Western Region at the Phoenicia Restaurant in Glendale to support Barger’s campaign efforts and to give members of the community the opportunity to meet her and discuss issues of concern. The event was attended by dozens of donors, representatives of leading Armenian-American community organizations, and ANCA-Western Region Board and staff members.

With Los Angeles County’s 5th Supervisorial District having the largest Armenian population mostly concentrated in Glendale, Burbank, Pasadena, Santa Clarita, and other areas, Supervisor Barger has consistently advanced policy priorities of importance to her Armenian-American constituents.

Supervisor Barger with community activist Varant Melkonian Supervisor Barger with activists Vahik and Alice Petrossian

“The ANCA-Western Region is proud to endorse and support Supervisor Kathryn Barger’s bid for re-election,” said ANCA-Western Region Chair Nora Hovsepian Esq., “A tireless advocate and friend to the Armenian community, we are confident that she will continue to elevate Armenian-American policy priorities at this critical time for our community, our people, and our nation.” 

During the event on Wednesday, Barger answered questions from members of the community while redoubling her commitment to efforts to end the illegal blockade of Artsakh and ensure the right of self-determination of the Armenians of Artsakh. Moreover, Supervisor Barger reaffirmed her commitment to work tirelessly in support of the Armenian-American community-service institutions, and to ensure that the Armenian community of Los Angeles County is safe from Armenophobia and anti-Armenian discrimination.

Supervisor Barger with ANCA-WR Chair Nora Hovsepian Supervisor Barger with ANCA-WR activist Michael Mahdesian (left) and ANCA-WR Board member Levon Kirakosian

In response to a question from an attendee, Barger stated: “I welcome the International Court of Justice’s preliminary measure ordering Azerbaijan to unblock the Lachin Corridor, but we can’t stop our efforts until the Biden Administration takes tangible steps to hold Azerbaijan accountable through sanctions.”

Just last month, Barger co-authored a motion with Supervisor Lindsey Horvath condemning Azerbaijan’s illegal blockade of the Lachin Corridor and calling upon the Biden Administration to take immediate action in response to the humanitarian crisis manufactured by the Aliyev regime. In coordination with the ANCA – Western Region, Barger has been a leading voice in combating Armenophobia and misinformation targeting the Armenian-American community in Los Angeles.

Last year, Barger led the charge to rescind a Scroll of Honor from Los Angeles County to the Azerbaijani Consul General. Subsequently, Supervisor Barger received the Foreign Minister of Artsakh, Davit Babayan, during his ANCA-WR-led visit throughout Southern California in late 2022 – where the Supervisor honored the Foreign Minister and reiterated her and Los Angeles County’s continued support to the people of the Republic of Artsakh.

Barger, whose Chief Deputy Anna Mouradian is a daughter of our community, was first elected in 2016 to the Los Angeles Board of Supervisors. However, her tenure in public service began in 1988, when she rose through the ranks of then-Supervisor Michael Antonovich’s office to ultimately reach the position of Chief Deputy.

Barger’s relationship with the Armenian-American community has been fruitful and has significantly aided in developing Armenian-American institutions. She secured substantial funding of one million dollars for the Armenian American Museum still under construction in Glendale, California.

Barger has consistently supported the ARS Social Services program after an introductory meeting was organized between her and ARS Regional Executive members and staff, and she has also consistently supported the ANCA-WR Hye Votes program for voter education. In 2017, her vocal stance on honoring the memory of the 1.5 million victims of the Armenian Genocide led to the establishment of an annual Armenian History Month each April in Los Angeles County.

Barger and Mouradian also joined the ANCA-WR-led delegation visit to Armenia in 2019 to strengthen ties between the County of Los Angeles and the Republic of Armenia.

In 2019, for her years of service and commitment to our community, Barger was honored at the ANCA-WR Annual Awards Gala as Woman of the Year.

The Armenian National Committee of America – Western Region is the largest and most influential Armenian-American grassroots advocacy organization in the Western United States. Working in coordination with a network of offices, chapters, and supporters throughout the Western United States and affiliated organizations around the country, the ANCA-WR advances the concerns of the Armenian American community on a broad range of issues.

CivilNet: Iran ‘ready’ to organize 3+3 summit in region

CIVILNET.AM

21 Feb, 2023 10:02

  • Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova has again accused the West of attempting to oust Russia from its leading role in the South Caucasus.
  • Iranian Foreign Minister Amir Hossein Abdollahian has announced his readiness to organize a meeting in Tehran in the “3+3 format,” referring to Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, and Turkey. .
  • The United States’ new ambassador to Armenia, Kristina Kvien, has presented her credentials to Armenian Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan.

Memory of Saint Hieromartyr Gregory the Illuminator of Greater Armenia

Sept 30 2022

Hieromartyr Gregory was the son of a relative of the king of Armenia and lived in the time of the pagan emperor Diocletian. He was catechized in the Christian faith and then embraced it by receiving the Holy Baptism in Caesarea, Cappadocia. After being ordained a Presbyter, he went to Armenia to spread the Holy Gospel.

In Armenia, his relative tried to persuade him to make sacrifices to idols and return to his native religion. Gregory’s negative attitude angered the pagan ruler, who insulted him and led him to torture. Despite the hardships he suffered, he remained steadfast in the faith in the Savior Christ and the Orthodox faith.

After many miraculous events, the pagan ruler repented of his previous life and asked for God’s grace. After being catechized, he was baptized in the name of The Holy Triune God.

The entry of the Armenian ruler into the Church led many of his compatriots to the path of true faith. The fervent faith of the clergy, the steadfastness of words and deeds as much as possible in their lives and the courageous Christian confession contribute on the one hand to the spread and consolidation of the holy Gospel in the world and on the other to the real social prosperity of God’s people.

Source: Church of Cyprus

https://orthodoxtimes.com/memory-of-saint-hieromartyr-gregory-the-illuminator-of-greater-armenia-2/

Analysts assess alignment of forces before meeting of Aliev and Pashinyan in Brussels

Caucasian Knot
Aug 30 2022
The Ilham Aliev’s position in the upcoming negotiations is stronger against the backdrop of the transfer to Azerbaijan of Lachin and two villages, Azerbaijani analysts Togrul Djuvarly and Mekhman Aliev point out.

On August 31, through the mediation of the President of the Council of the European Union Charles Michel, the Belgian capital is to host a meeting between Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliev and Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan.

According to Togrul Djuvarly, a member of the Azerbaijan National Public Committee for European Integration, Baku is entering into negotiations with the stronger positions. “During the interval between the previous meeting of Ilham Aliev and Nikol Pashinyan, which took place in May, and the current one, important events took place in the region. These events further change the balance of power and strengthen the diplomatic and military-strategic positions of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan carried out the ‘Retaliation’ counteroperation, as a result of which its forces took a number of strategic heights along the Lachin Corridor and along the perimeter of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region. After that, the Armenian side stopped resisting the return of the city of Lachin (Armenian name is Berdzor, – note of the ‘Caucasian Knot’) and the villages of Zabukh (Armenian name is Akhavno, – note of the ‘Caucasian Knot’) and Sous to Azerbaijan, and on August 26, it was announced that the Azerbaijani forces would enter the mentioned settlements,” Togrul Djuvarly told the “Caucasian Knot” correspondent.

Mekhman Aliev, the director of the “Turan” news agency, believes that “serious progress in negotiations on a final peaceful settlement of the conflict” can be achieved in Brussels.

According to Mekhman Aliev, a decision can be made in Brussels to set up working groups to negotiate a peace agreement. A permanent negotiating mechanism is likely to start working soon, and working groups will start working on the text of a peace agreement somewhere in a third country, for example, in Georgia, where the Foreign Ministers of Azerbaijan and Armenia already once met directly without intermediaries. At the same time, Mekhman Aliev believes that negotiations will go faster concerning the Zangezur Corridor and the delimitation of the state border.

This article was originally published on the Russian page of 24/7 Internet agency ‘Caucasian Knot’ on at 02:07 pm MSK. To access the full text of the article, click here.

See earlier reports:
Azeri politicians criticize Armenia's proposal on routes to Nakhichevan, Launch of a new road from Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia scheduled for August 30, Azerbaijani analysts explain new tasks of peacekeepers in Nagorno-Karabakh.

Author: Faik Medjid, Tigran Petrosyan, Nakhim Shelomanov Source: CK correspondents
Источник:

© Кавказский Узел

Armenian National Committee of America calls on Congress to investigate Biden Administration’s aid blockade on Artsakh

Save

Share

 12:54,

YEREVAN, AUGUST 23, ARMENPRESS. In letters sent this week to Congressional leadership and rank and file members of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA) Chairman Raffi Hamparian called for Congressional inquiries into the Biden Administration’s effective blockade on humanitarian aid to Armenian families of Artsakh – an at-risk population facing aggression, ethnic-cleansing, the obstruction of access to food, water, fuel, and other vitally needed resources, ANCA reports.

Citing the “Azerbaijani government’s ambition to see Artsakh’s Armenians starved out of existence,” Hamparian underscored that “the Administration has sent almost no humanitarian assistance at all to help Armenian families living in Artsakh.” “America must not be complicit in the ethnic-cleansing of Artsakh by Azerbaijan,” he stressed.

The ANCA letter called on legislators to demand answers from the Biden Administration – via Secretary of State Antony Blinken and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Administrator Samantha Power – to the following four questions:

— What specific actions has the Biden Administration taken to help at-risk Armenians living within Nagorno-Karabakh? (Please provide programs, partners, budgets, deliverables and other relevant information.)

— What specific plans does the Biden Administration have to help at-risk Armenians living within Nagorno-Karabakh? (Please provide programs, partners, budgets, deliverables and other relevant information.)

— Has the Biden Administration conducted a needs assessment of the humanitarian crisis facing the Armenian population of Artsakh?

— What budget range does the Biden Administration consider sufficient and appropriate to address the humanitarian crisis facing the Armenian population of Artsakh?

ANCA activists across the United States have sent tens of thousands of letters asking their U.S. legislators to appropriate robust U.S. aid to Artsakh, using the ANCA action portal: www.anca.org/aid.

What is to be expected after the Erdogan-Putin summit?

President Erdogan meets with President Putin, August 5, 2022 (Photo: Presidency of the Republic of Turkey)

On August 5, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Russian President Vladimir Putin had a four-hour meeting in Russia to discuss bilateral ties and regional issues. The Sochi summit comes after Ankara scored a diplomatic victory by helping broker a grain deal between Turkey, Ukraine and Russia that has eased global food crisis fears and growing concerns of possible Turkish military escalation against the Kurds in Northern Syria. What implication will the summit have on the region?

Turkey’s role as a “deal broker” has succeeded in positioning Ankara as Russia’s counterforce in the region. The recent diplomatic success has shifted the asymmetric relation in favor of Moscow to a more balanced one. This would push Erdogan to get what he couldn’t get during the Tehran summit where both Iran and Russia opposed any possible Turkish military intervention in Syria. Hence, after the grain deal, Erdogan will continue his effort in persuading Putin to get a “green light” to attack Syria.

For Erdogan, the intervention in Syria is important as recent polls forecast that Erdogan’s AKP party, amid the worst financial crisis in decades in the country, is not going to do well in the upcoming elections next June. Many factors depend on the domestic situation in Turkey, as Erdogan wants to launch the operation before the elections so he can consolidate his party’s position. Emre Caliskan, a research fellow at the London-based Foreign Policy Center, told Al Jazeera that “Turkey wants to keep its energy flows from Russia over the winter while maintaining economic cooperation to alleviate its difficulties and opening a (currency) swap agreement or getting investment from Russia.” “Erdogan could present this as a victory to the Turkish public and perhaps alleviate the high food and energy prices that are likely to present a challenge in the coming elections,” argues Caliskan. Both sides have signed a roadmap for economic cooperation and intend to increase trade turnover to 100 USD billion. Russian Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak shared that both leaders also agreed to switch part of the payments for Russian gas to rubles, distancing themselves from the use of US dollars.

Yahya Bayram Balci, the director of the Institute Français Études Anatoliennes, told the Armenian Weekly that one of the most impressive aspects of the Turkish-Russian relationship is its compartmentalization. This capacity for compartmentalization will continue because each country needs the other. In other words, despite their divergences, the two countries feel the necessity to cooperate in some specific areas. “I think one reason why Moscow and Ankara will preserve this compartmentalization is the fact that Turkey is still, and will remain for a certain time, very distrustful toward its traditional western allies, the US and Europe,” added Balci. For Turkey, the war in Ukraine is to a large extent a war between Russia and the West, hence Ankara judges the West as partly responsible for the crisis. For that reason, it prefers maintaining its current position which maximizes its benefits.

Russia will continue in its strategy of trying to complicate the relations between Turkey and the West. It is in Russia’s interest to detach Turkey from the West which means accepting this partly divergent position between Turkey and the West in the Ukrainian crisis. This was clearly indicated when last month Erdogan reportedly said Putin had suggested setting up a drone factory in Russia during their Tehran meeting. The Kremlin also affirmed that “technical and military cooperation” would be on the agenda at Sochi, an indication of Russia’s interest in procuring Bayraktars. However, such a move would undermine the main plank of Turkish support for Ukraine, as well as raise eyebrows among fellow NATO members and seriously damage relations with the West.

After the meeting, the presidents released a joint statement that addressed the following talking points:

  • A common will to further develop Russian-Turkish relations based on respect, recognition of mutual interests and in accordance with their international obligations.
  • The bilateral agenda of Russian-Turkish relations and an agreement to (1) increase the volume of bilateral trade on a balanced basis and achieve the set goals; (2) meet the expectations of the opposite side in the fields of economy and energy; (3) increase cooperation on transport, trade, agriculture, industry, finance, tourism and construction.
  • Sincere and trusting relations between Turkey and Russia in order to achieve regional and international stability and fully implement the “Initiative for the Safe Export of Grain from Ukrainian Ports” (grain deal). 
  • The peaceful resolution of the Syrian crisis; maintaining political unity and territorial integrity of Syria; coordinate in the fight against terrorist organizations.
  • The sovereignty, territorial integrity and national unity of Libya and supporting its free, fair and credible elections.

After the summit, the Turkish media started circulating reports that the Turks would go for military intervention in Syria either by the end of August or the beginning of September, and the occurrence of this operation and its success is highly dependent on the outcome of the meeting in Sochi. Moreover, Erdogan’s announcement that the Turkish intelligence coordinates with Syrian intelligence regarding Turkish military invasions in Syria raised certain questions on whether Damascus can coordinate with Ankara to contain the American influence and Kurdish military presence in North Eastern Syria.

Moreover, despite the fact that the South Caucasus and specifically the recent clashes of Nagorno-Karabakh were not mentioned in the statement or publicly discussed, upon his return from Russia President Erdogan demanded that the Nagorno Karabakh army be dissolved.

Azerbaijan’s Trend reported that Erdogan told reporters that it’s important for Armenia to immediately comply with the terms of the (November 9, 2020) trilateral statement. Despite the fact that Azerbaijan officially announced that it was Baku who initiated the military operation “revenge,” he accused the Nagorno-Karabakh army of launching an attack against Azerbaijanis. “Türkiye resolutely condemns the attack committed by members of illegal Armenian armed detachments in Azerbaijan’s territory, resulting in the death of the Azerbaijani serviceman. Karabakh is the land of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan’s wanting the withdrawal of illegal armed units from its own lands should not be surprising. Almost two years have passed since the adoption of the trilateral statement, thus the fulfillment of its provision by Armenia is of the utmost importance.”

This clearly indicates that both Erdogan and Putin have discussed this issue amid the mounting military pressure from Azerbaijan on Armenia. Erdogan’s demand for disbanding Armenian self-defense units in Nagorno-Karabakh is not surprising. This threatening language clearly indicates that in the near future we can expect Baku to escalate the military tension with the aim to gain additional concessions from Yerevan. The disbanding of the Nagorno-Karabakh self-defense units poses an existential threat to the physical safety of Armenians living in Artsakh and will create further complications for the Russian peacekeeping mission.

Moreover, Turkey’s growing role in the region should not come as a surprise. The grain deal in Ukraine which happened in Turkey was a diplomatic gift from Moscow to Ankara. Putin’s recent public announcement that “Europe should be grateful to Turkey for uninterrupted supplies of Russian gas” clearly indicates that Russia is backing Erdogan and will use its soft power to push Erdogan for another victory in the coming general and presidential elections in Turkey where its outcome is crucial for Russia and the region.

Yeghia Tashjian is a regional analyst and researcher. He has graduated from the American University of Beirut in Public Policy and International Affairs. He pursued his BA at Haigazian University in political science in 2013. In 2010, he founded the New Eastern Politics forum/blog. He was a research assistant at the Armenian Diaspora Research Center at Haigazian University. Currently, he is the regional officer of Women in War, a gender-based think tank. He has participated in international conferences in Frankfurt, Vienna, Uppsala, New Delhi and Yerevan. He has presented various topics from minority rights to regional security issues. His thesis topic was on China’s geopolitical and energy security interests in Iran and the Persian Gulf. He is a contributor to various local and regional newspapers and a presenter of the “Turkey Today” program for Radio Voice of Van. Recently he has been appointed as associate fellow at the Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs at the American University of Beirut and Middle East-South Caucasus expert in the European Geopolitical Forum.