Genocide Armenien : Confiscation Et Colonisation

GENOCIDE ARMENIEN : CONFISCATION ET COLONISATION

Source/Lien : Armenian Trends – Mes Armenies
Publie le : 23-06-2011

Info Collectif VAN – – Le Collectif VAN vous
invite a lire cette information traduite par Georges Festa et publiee
sur le site ‘Armenian Trends – Mes Armenies’ le 18 juin 2011.

Photo: (c) Continuum, 2011 (a paraître en août)

Confiscation et colonisation La prise des biens armeniens par les
Jeunes-Turcs

par Uður Umit Ungor

The Armenian Weekly, avril 2011

> (1) Promulgation du gouvernement affichee dans
les lieux publics a Kayseri, 15 juin 1915.

Introduction

Cet article est base sur une monographie a paraître concernant
l’expropriation des Armeniens ottomans lors du genocide de 1915 (2).

Il reprendra certains des principaux arguments de ce livre, qui
detaille l’emergence du nationalisme economique turc, livre un apercu
des ramifications economiques du processus genocidaire, et decrit
comment le pillage fut organise sur le terrain. L’ouvrage analyse le
caractère correle de la confiscation des biens, lancee par le regime
Jeune-Turc et ses elites locales qui collaborèrent, et propose de
nouveaux developpements concernant les fonctions et les beneficiaires
de ce vol avalise par l’Etat. s’appuyant sur des dossiers secrets et
des documents inedits en huit langues, ce livre presente de nouvelles
preuves pour demontrer de quelle manière les Armeniens furent victimes
d’un pillage et d’une destruction systematiques et comment des Turcs
ordinaires se virent attribuer tout un ensemble de biens a leur profit.

Cette politique en deux volets est saisie via les deux concepts de
confiscation et de colonisation. L’ouvrage recourt au concept de
confiscation pour comprendre l’engagement d’un vaste appareil d’Etat
et illustrer la facade legale durant la spoliation des Armeniens. En
outre, il deploiera le concept de colonisation afin de marquer
la redistribution de leurs biens sous la forme d’une colonisation
interieure. A eux deux, ces concepts resument bien le double processus
consistant a saisir les biens des Armeniens et a les redistribuer
aux Turcs. (3)

Le livre se place dans le champ des etudes sur le genocide et
commence par poser des questions qui ont ete renseignees de manière
satisfaisante pour d’autres genocides tels que la Shoah et le genocide
rwandais : la confiscation des biens du groupe victime etait-elle
motivee en tant que simple instrument visant un benefice materiel
? Le regime Jeune-Turc distribua-t-il les biens des Armeniens aux
elites locales en echange de leur soutien au genocide ? Autrement dit,
acheta-t-il simplement leur loyaute en faisant appel a leur sens de
leur propre interet economique ? Ou bien ces memes elites locales
soutinrent-elles les destructions et les expropriations en dehors de
toute conviction ideologique ? En fin de compte, quel etait le but du
processus de spoliation ? En d’autres termes, quelle fut l’etendue du
cercle des profiteurs ? L’elite Jeune-Turc, de la capitale de l’empire
aux cites de province, en profita-t-elle seule ou bien des classes
plus larges au sein de la societe turque en beneficièrent-elles aussi ?

L’ouvrage comprend sept chapitres qui peuvent etre repartis en trois
sections. Les chapitres 2 et 3 constituent la première section
et abordent des questions importantes comme l’ideologie et le
droit. Le chapitre 2, intitule > (15)

Ces prescriptions etaient completees par des règlements prohibitifs.

Les Armeniens qui s’attendaient a ce que les deportations fussent une
mesure temporaire, escomptaient louer leurs maisons, leurs ecuries,
leurs granges ou leurs magasins a des voisins ou des connaissances.

Mais le ministère interdit ces pratiques (16). Les Armeniens
qui tentèrent de vendre leurs biens a des etrangers et a d’autres
chretiens (comme les Grecs ou les Arabes chretiens), furent aussi
neutralises. Le ministère telegraphia une circulaire interdisant > [suret-i katiyyede] la vente de toute terre ou autre
bien a des etrangers (17). En outre, le gouvernement empecha les
Armeniens, au moyen de toute une panoplie de strategies, d’eviter la
saisie de leurs biens. Entre autres, le fait de transferer leur bien
a des Armeniens non ottomans, de l’envoyer a l’etranger a des membres
de la famille, de remettre des objets de valeur aux missionnaires
et aux consuls americains, d’envoyer par courrier leurs biens vers
leurs nouvelles residences a leurs destinations finales. C’est ce
genre d’interdictions qui met en lumière la logique presidant aux
expropriations. Elles laissent deliberement entendre qu’il n’etait
nullement question de compenser veritablement les Armeniens au titre de
leur spoliation, ni de leur proposer quelque perspective de retour dans
leurs foyers. Hilmar Kaiser conclut a juste titre que ces restrictions
constituent et
attribua en consequence les biens a la classe moyenne turque arriviste.

La confiscation des biens des Armeniens fut suivie et completee par
la colonisation, de la part des musulmans ottomans, des espaces vides
qu’ils laissèrent derrière eux. Tandis que les Armeniens pietinaient
le long des routes de deportation en direction du sud, leurs biens
etaient redistribues par le ministère de l’Interieur. Du point de vue
analytique, l’on peut distinguer deux dimensions dans ce processus :
les biens qui se retrouvèrent entre les mains de particuliers et ceux
qui restèrent dans le domaine de l’Etat.

En 1916, le CUP etendit sa campagne de > en cours dans
quasiment tous les secteurs de la societe ottomane. Commencant par
la geographie, le CUP se mit a turciser la toponymie. Le 5 janvier
1916, Enver Pacha ordonna la turcisation de tous les noms de lieux
armeniens, grecs et bulgares, y compris les villages, localites,
provinces, districts, villages, montagnes et rivières. Il s’agissait
d’eradiquer l’empreinte geographique des cultures non turques. Bien que
le decret fut suspendu pour des motifs de mise en oeuvre militaire,
cette pratique fut reprise après la guerre et se poursuivit jusque
dans les annees 1980, modifiant par dizaines de milliers des noms de
lieux armeniens (22). Les 2 900 lieux d’habitation armeniens furent
desormais non seulement vides de leur population, mais aussi depouilles
de leurs noms. Comme si les Armeniens n’y avaient jamais vecu.

Au lendemain du decret d’Enver, le 6 janvier 1916, Talaat ordonna un
decret a l’echelle de l’empire concernant les biens confisques lors
du genocide. L’ordre stipule ce qui suit :

> (23)

Cet ordre constitue peut-etre le document le plus revelateur, attestant
des intentions et de la politique du CUP. Il resume l’ideologie de > et d’ > via une formulation
unique, explicite et irrecusable.

Cet ordre fut suivi par plusieurs autres prescriptions, ordonnant la
redistribution des terres des Armeniens a des marchands musulmans. Le
CUP avalisa > a la classe moyenne turque en emergence, dans chaque
localite. Des precautions particulières durent etre prises pour que
les etablis, le materiel et le mobilier dans de nombreux magasins et
manufactures ne fussent pas disperses, mais restassent en place (24).

D’autres decrets se preoccupèrent des normes et règlements pour un
usage correct. Par exemple, toute vente aux enchères necessitait
d’etre specifiquement mise en oeuvre pour le developpement a long
terme des affaires, selon le decret du 6 janvier 1916. Lors d’une
vente aux enchères a Kayseri, un Turc acheta pour 200 livres turques un
atelier appartenant auparavant a des Armeniens, pour le revendre deux
jours plus tard 2 000 livres et empocher la difference. Le ministère
condamna fermement cet acte et donna pour instruction a la Commission
aux Biens Abandonnes de rectifier la situation (25).

Suite a cet evenement, une circulaire fut telegraphiee dans toutes
les provinces afin d’interdire ce genre de pratiques et souligner a
nouveau l’importance d’une > et la – prolifera a travers l’empire (28).

Avant que les Jeunes-Turcs ne s’emparassent du pouvoir lors du coup
d’Etat de 1913, la haine envers les Armeniens (et les Grecs) etait
particulièrement repandue au sein de la classe moyenne commercante.

Restreindre les moyens d’existence economique des Armeniens servait ses
interets. La > eut donc des consequences economiques
particulièrement favorables pour ces Turcs de la classe moyenne
(inferieure), la liquidation des entreprises de la classe moyenne
armenienne allegeant la pression de la concurrence economique. Elle
presagea la promotion d’une nouvelle generation d’hommes d’affaires
turcs qui s’enrichirent au moyen de la vulnerabilite des Armeniens
persecutes. Le journal Ýkdam publia un article exhortant ouvertement
les Turcs a > (29)

Le gouvernement proposa aux Turcs ordinaires d’incroyables perspectives
de mobilite sociale vers le haut. Via un gigantesque bond en avant, une
nation de paysans, de pasteurs, de soldats et de bureaucrates serait
desormais hissee au niveau de la bourgeoisie, des classes moyennes
> et >. Les groupes qui profitèrent
le plus de cette politique furent les proprietaires fonciers et les
negociants dans les villes (30). Lorsque des penuries apparurent en
1916, les dirigeants du parti autorisèrent ce groupe de negociants,
proches du parti, a monopoliser les importations, l’approvisionnement
et la distribution. Des fraudes et des negligences naquirent du
fait de cette alliance entre des membres du parti et ces negociants,
lesquels s’enrichirent aux depens des Stambouliotes.

Tandis que le genocide faisait rage, les colonisateurs turcs se
frayaient un chemin. Des dispositions locales furent necessaires afin
d’implanter avec succès les colons. Le ministère reitera sa demande
de donnees economiques et geographiques concernant les villages vides
d’Armeniens. Pour envoyer les colons dans les provinces, les capacites
locales de les > devaient etre definies. Le ministère de
l’Interieur demanda a etre informe du nombre de familles armeniennes
deportees, pour savoir si les villages ainsi vides etaient susceptibles
de colonisation par les nouveaux arrivants et, si tel etait le cas,
leur nombre (31). Il demanda aussi des donnees concernant la dimension
des terres, le nombre des fermes et l’effectif potentiel des familles
de colons (32). Des registres furent tenus avec precision. D’après le
carnet personnel de Talaat, le montant des biens attribues aux colons
etait en 1915 de : 20 545 edifices, 267 536 acres [535 072 hectares]
de terres, 76 942 ares [153 884 hectares] de vignobles, 7 812 ares
[15 624 hectares] de jardins, 703 491 acres [1 406 982 hectares]
d’oliveraies, 4 573 acres [9 146 hectares] de plantations de mûriers,
97 acres [194 hectares] de champs d’orangers, 5 charrettes, 4 390
animaux, 2 912 outils agricoles et 524 788 semences (33).

Pour ne pas etre en reste, l’elite du CUP s’appropria la crème des
recoltes des biens des Armeniens. Ahmed Refik commente le processus
de colonisation :

>. L’on pourrait meme conclure que le
gouvernement Jeune-Turc acheta la loyaute interieure de la population
turque au moyen de ces pratiques – initialement irresponsables,
puis carrement criminelles. Le genocide armenien fut une forme de
creation etatique, laquelle arrima certaines classes et secteurs de
la societe ottomane a l’Etat. Il proposa a ces Turcs une acceleration
de la mobilite sociale vers le haut. Si bien qu’il fit d’une pierre
deux coups, le mouvement Jeune-Turc representant le moyen de coupler
egalite sociale avec homogeneite sociale et purete politique.

Tandis que les Armeniens passaient de riches a misereux, les Turcs
quittaient d’autant leurs haillons. Or les pertes des Armeniens ne
sauraient etre simplement exprimees en sommes d’argent, en hectares
et en capitaux. L’ideologie de , p. 68.

19. BOA, DH.ÞFR 55/66, Ministère de l’Interieur a Karesi, 17 août 1915.

20. PAAA, R1404, Consul Bergfeld de Trabzon au Chancelier du Reich
Hertling, 1er sept. 1918.

21. Hilmar Kaiser, >, in : Donald Bloxham & A. Dirk Moses, ed., The Oxford Handbook of
Genocide Studies (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 365-385.

22. Kerem Oktem, economique, Kara Kemal, crea 70 societes durant la
guerre. Voir Osman S. Kocahanoðlu, Ýttihat-Terakki’nin Sorgulanmasý
ve Yargýlanmasý (Istanbul : Temel, 1998), p. 33.

29. >, in : Ýkdam, 11 jan. 1917.

30. Caðlar Keyder, >, Toplumsal Tarih, vol. 12, n° 68 (1999), p. 4-11.

31. BOA, DH.ÞFR 53/113, Ministère de l’Interieur a toutes les
provinces, 25 mai 1915.

32. BOA, DH.ÞFR 59/107, Ministère de l’Interieur a Ankara, Brousse,
Kayseri, Konya et Sivas, 27 dec. 1915.

33. Murat Bardakcý, Talât Paþa’nýn Evrak-ý Metrûkesi (Istanbul :
Everest, 2008), p. 95.

34. Ahmed Refik, Kafkas Yollarýnda : ki Komite Ýki Kýtâl (Istanbul :
Temel, 1998), p. 136.

35. Soner Yalcýn, >,
Hurriyet, 25 mars 2007.

36. Caðlar Keyder, State and Class in Turkey : A Study in Capitalist
Development (Londres : Verso, 1987), p. 63.

37. Yusuf Akcuraoðlu, Siyaset ve ktisad Hakkýnda Birkac Hitabe ve
Makale (Istanbul : Yeni Matbaa, 1924, p.27.

38. Voir

[Uður Umit Ungor est chercheur post-doctoral au Center for War
Studies, University College, a Dublin. Il est ne en 1980 et a etudie
la sociologie et l’histoire aux universites de Groningue, d’Utrecht,
de Toronto et d’Amsterdam. Son principal domaine d’interet est la
sociologie historique de la violence de masse et du nationalisme dans
le monde moderne. Il a publie sur le genocide en general et sur les
genocides rwandais et armenien, en particulier. Il a acheve sa thèse,
intitulee Young Turk Social Engineering : Genocide, Nationalism, ans
Memory in Eatern Turkey, 1913-1950 [L’ingenierie sociale Jeune-Turc
: genocide, nationalisme et memoire en Turquie de l’Est, 1913-1950]
au departement d’Histoire de l’Universite d’Amsterdam.]

____________

Source :

Traduction : (c) Georges Festa – 06.2011.

Avec l’aimable autorisation de Khatchig Mouradian, redacteur en chef
de The Armenian Weekly.

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Armenian And Georgian Churches Should Develop Relations – Bishop

ARMENIAN AND GEORGIAN CHURCHES SHOULD DEVELOP RELATIONS – BISHOP

news.am
June 21 2011
Amenia

ETCHMIADZIN.- The Georgian church posed many obstacles during the
visit of Catholicos of All Armenians Karekin II to Georgia, said
Chancellor of the Mother See Bishop Arshak Khachatrian.

In particular Karekin II was prevented from visiting Surb Norashen
church in Tbilisi and Surb Nshan church in Akhaltskha.

His Holiness Karekin II expressed willingness to visit the churches
but in fact he failed to do it, he said not disclosing the details
how the Georgian side prevented his attempts.

“Besides, the Georgian press spread reports about alleged communique
signed by the sides at the instigation of the Georgian church. In
fact communique was issued unilaterally by the Georgian side,” he said.

However, Bishop Arshak Khachatrian expressed hope constructive
relations will develop between the two churches resting on faith
and prudence.

None Of Armenian Presidents Adopted Militarist Positions – Armenian

NONE OF ARMENIAN PRESIDENTS ADOPTED MILITARIST POSITIONS – ARMENIAN MP

news.am
June 21 2011
Armenia

YEREVAN. – Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev’s “murderous” policy
leaves no doubt that Azerbaijan is intended to continue to violate
ceasefire and recourse to various subversive acts, said Armenian
opposition Heritage party MP Larisa Alaverdyan to a press conference
on Tuesday.

President Aliyev constantly comes up with belligerent statements while
international community shows remarkable tolerance towards this policy
of Baku, she added. The MP also noted that Azerbaijan is threatening
to start a war, while it had not even stopped the war. Azerbaijan
plays a positional warfare game, trying to put pressure on Armenia
by the blockade.

At the same time, the MP stressed that none of Armenian presidents
took militaristic stance and that is a positive fact.

According to Alaverdyan, in the sensitive region of the South Caucasus
shattering of the status quo is dangerous not only for the region
but also for the West, which attributes to itself an active policy
and may lose respect due to its short-sighted actions.

BAKU: No Hope Of Israeli Recognition Of Armenian ‘Genocide’

NO HOPE OF ISRAELI RECOGNITION OF ARMENIAN ‘GENOCIDE’

news.az
June 21 2011
Azerbaijan

News.Az interviews Araz Alizade, co-chairman of the Social Democratic
Party of Azerbaijan.

How would you comment on Armenian media reports that an Israeli
legislative committee has declined to accept a bill by Knesset
member Aryeh Eldad to institute a day of remembrance of the so-called
“Armenian genocide”?

There is nothing surprising about the efforts of Armenian ideologists
worldwide to seek their main goal – recognition of the mythical
“Armenian genocide” in the Ottoman Empire – through political forces
in different countries.

Similarly, it is not surprising that an attempt by Armenians of the
world failed in Israel. After all, historical truth suggests that
there was no genocide of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire and there
are no documents, based on which the Armenians could prove their
mythical claim. And people in Israel are well aware of this.

But there was a risk that Israel could take steps to recognize the
so-called “Armenian genocide” against the backdrop of a sharp cooling
in Turkish-Israeli relations?

I am convinced that the cooling in Turkish-Israeli relations will
not go too far despite the current difficult period. Turkey is a NATO
member and Israel considers NATO its strategic partner.

My words are confirmed by remarks from Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu that Israel will always try to fix what is broken and put
an end to the deterioration of relations with Turkey. Deputy Foreign
Minister Danny Ayalon has also expressed similar concerns, stating that
the results of the Turkish elections “represent a new opportunity for
rapprochement between Jerusalem and Ankara”. In these circumstances,
hopes of Armenians worldwide for Israel’s recognition of the mythical
“Armenian genocide” are doomed to failure.

Some Israeli experts have described as strange the Azerbaijani
diaspora’s efforts to prevent Knesset discussion of the 1915 events
in the Ottoman Empire. How would you comment on this?

Admittedly, there are different experts, politicians, diplomats and
journalists. There are, for example, those who are competent and
principled and those who are illiterate and unprincipled. The latter
say what they are told to, but not the truth.I especially reiterate
for them that Azerbaijan supports Turkey in counteracting recognition
of the mythical “Armenian genocide”, in the first place because it
never happened.

That is, Azerbaijan favours historical truth. If any expert has a
habit of being against historical truth, or is surprised that someone
is true to it, that is their problem. I just add that the official
position of the State of Israel is that there was no genocide in the
world, but the Holocaust.

A strategic, even military and political, Israel-Turkey-Azerbaijan
triangle was greatly talked about at one time. What are the prospects
for this idea at the moment?

This is a purely theoretical idea that will never be realized in
practice. The fact is that creation of such a triangle can cause
a mixed reaction from Muslim states, which meets the interests of
neither Turkey nor Azerbaijan. At the same time, it is possible
that Azerbaijani-Israeli and Turkish-Israeli relations will develop
successfully.

And, in particular, both Israel and Turkey will render moral support
to Azerbaijan in case of the resumption of the military phase of the
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. I am sure that Azerbaijan does not need
anything but moral support in this matter. We have the strength to
liberate the Armenian-occupied territory of our country.

Armenia And Iran Construct Oil Distribution Center Near Yerevan

ARMENIA AND IRAN CONSTRUCT OIL DISTRIBUTION CENTER NEAR YEREVAN

The Messenger
June 21 2011
Georgia

Iran and Armenia are carrying out negotiations to construct storage
facilities and a distribution center for oil products near Yerevan.

Different projects were considered in Armenia including the
construction of an oil refinery. But Armenia’s consumption is 12 000
barrels of oil products daily and this is deemed to be too small an
amount to justify the construction of an oil refinery. Thereafter the
building of a huge storage facility near Yerevan was considered. The
construction of this facility would mean simultaneous construction of
appropriate infrastructure, railway tracks and roads. The possibility
of transporting oil products from this storage facility into European
countries via Georgia has also been mentioned.

Armenian Church Slams Georgian Patriarch

ARMENIAN CHURCH SLAMS GEORGIAN PATRIARCH
Karine Simonian

21.06.2011

Armenia – High-level representatives of the Armenian Apostolic Church
hold a news conference in Echmiadzin, 21 Jun 2011.

The Armenian Apostolic Church hit out at Georgia’s Catholicos-Patriarch
Ilia II on Tuesday for making what it called “inappropriate” references
to its supreme head, Catholicos Garegin II, just days after his visit
to Georgia.

Speaking in Tbilisi’s St. Trinity Cathedral on Sunday, Ilia attributed
the failure of the two pontiffs to settle disputes between their
churches to Garegin’s perceived young age.

“Garegin is young and apparently lacks experience,” the 78-year-old
head of the Georgian Orthodox Church was reported to say. “He is
intelligent but wants to do things quickly, which will not work. I
told him that I have a 30-year experience and that staying calm is
the best thing.”

Senior clerics at the Armenian Church’s Mother See in Echmiadzin,
a town 20 kilometers south of Yerevan, denounced these remarks.

“Considering the logic of the ethics of relations between church
heads, it is inappropriate to make such statements,” said Bishop
Arshak Khachatrian, the Mother See chancellor. “I will refrain from
making further comments.”

Georgia — Catholicos of All Armenians Garegin II (R) and
Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia Ilia II meet in Tbilisi, 11Jun2011
The bitter exchange highlights lingering tensions between the two
churches that center on ownership of Christian worship sites located
in Georgia and Armenia. Garegin, who has headed the Armenian Church
1999 and will turn 60 in August, hoped to ease those tensions when he
began a weeklong visit to Georgia on June 10. But he and Ilia failed
to reach any concrete agreements.

Ilia insisted last week that the Armenian Church should gain official
recognition in Georgia only if the Georgian Church is granted the same
status in Armenia. He also effectively dismissed Armenian demands
for the unconditional return of six mostly derelict churches in and
outside Tbilisi that used to belong to Echmiadzin. He said they should
be repaired only “in case of the restoration of Georgian churches
in Armenia.”

The Georgian patriarch referred to several medieval and mostly
abandoned churches located in Armenia’s northern Lori province. The
Armenian Church disputes Georgian claims to these churches, saying
that they were built and always used by Armenian adherents of the
Greek Orthodox denomination.

Archbishop Yeznik Petrosian, another senior Echmiadzin cleric, claimed
that the Georgian side is exploiting the uncertain status of the
Lori churches as a bargaining chip in the long-running negotiations
on Armenian religious heritage in Georgia. “This is an artificially
created situation,” he said at a joint news conference with Bishop
Khachatrian.

“My impression is that there is too much intolerance and manifestations
of extremism in the Georgian Church,” Khachatrian charged for his
part. “I cannot explain the reasons for that.”

http://www.azatutyun.am/content/article/24242346.html

ARF Members Met With Fatah Delegation

ARF MEMBERS MET WITH FATAH DELEGATION

Story from Lragir.am News:

Published: 17:21:32 – 21/06/2011

Today the delegation of the Palestinian National Liberation Movement
(Fatah) headed by Fatah’s coordinator of international affairs,
ex-foreign minister of Palestine Nabil Shaasi met with the ARF
Dashnaktsutyun members.

Levon Lazarian, ARFD, dwelt on the Arab-Armenian, as well as
ARFD-Fatah friendly relations. Fatah’s representative presented the
ongoing stage of Israeli-Palestinian conflict and said his country
is going to appeal to the UN in September for its recognition. The
interlocutors dwelt on the ongoing stage of the Karabakh issue
settlement.

http://www.lragir.am/engsrc/politics22308.html

His Highness Armenian Weightlifting Coach Book Presented In Yerevan

HIS HIGHNESS ARMENIAN WEIGHTLIFTING COACH BOOK PRESENTED IN YEREVAN

PanARMENIAN.Net
June 21, 2011 – 18:16 AMT

PanARMENIAN.Net – On June 21, Yerevan hosted the presentation of
Martin Ulikhanyan’s book His Highness Armenian Weightlifting Coach.

The book highlights the life and work of Ashot Mkhitaryan, the head
coach of Armenian national weightlifting team.

Mkhitaryan had trained the national team since 2006. Under his
guidance, Armenia won 6 bronze medals at Olympic Games in Beijing,
as well as many gold and silver medals at European and World
Championships.

Mkhitaryan, 51, died of a heart attack in Zvartnots International
Airport on May 23, when welcoming the youth weightlifting team
returning from Valencia after the European Championships.

“The book reveals Mkhitaryan’s personality as professional and a
friend. I’m glad to see the book published,” Ulikhanyan said.

“He was a unique coach,” the World and European champion Tigran
Martirosyan, who was trained under Mkhitaryan’s guidance for many
years told a PanARMENIAN.Net “It’s him that I owe all my achievements
to. Mkhitaryan took weightlifting in Armenia to a new level,”
Martirosyan stressed.

Armenia Agriculture In Need Of Integrated Strategy Of Governmental S

ARMENIA AGRICULTURE IN NEED OF INTEGRATED STRATEGY OF GOVERNMENTAL SUPPORT

/ARKA/
June 21, 2011
YEREVAN

YEREVAN, June 21. /ARKA/. An integrated strategy of governmental
support for agriculture is needed in Armenia, Artsvik Minasyan,
an MP from Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Dashnaktsutyun, said
Tuesday at an extraordinary session of the National Assembly.

He finds the current strategy imperfect. He said it provides no
solutions to all problems – even hail protection system is ineffective.

Minasyan pointed out the necessity to provide legal preferences to
the agriculture sector.

He is convinced that isolated solutions would be ineffective without
an integrated strategy.

Armenian authorities have projected at least 10-percent agriculture
growth in 2011 after unprecedented 13.5% fall in 2010.

Union Of Armenians Of Russia Commemorates World War II Victims

UNION OF ARMENIANS OF RUSSIA COMMEMORATES WORLD WAR II VICTIMS

PanARMENIAN.Net
June 21, 2011 – 17:43 AMT

PanARMENIAN.Net – On June 22, a wreath laying ceremony in commemoration
of perished soldiers of World War II will take place at Armenian
cemetery of Moscow.

The ceremony, organized by the Union of Armenians of Russia is timed
to 70th anniversary of the start of World War II.

Representatives of Armenian Embassy to Russia, Armenian Apostolic
Church, Union of Armenians of Russia, veterans’ unions, public and
state institutions will attend the ceremony.