Author: Aram Torosian

March recalls genocide
_Friday, April 22, 2005_ ()
Stu dents remember deaths of 1.5 million Armenians in 1915 with campus rally
By Neal Larkins
( Larkins)
DAILY BRUIN CONTRIBUTOR
[email protected]
For a week now, students walking along Bruin Walk may have seen
grotesque images of the Armenian Genocide – emaciated children,
dismembered bodies and dead Armenians swinging from the noose.
These images were displayed in commemoration of the Armenian Genocide.
Thursday, Armenian and non-Armenian students at UCLA mourned and
condemned the genocide with a silent march throughout campus and a
rally at Bruin Plaza.
A bill recognizing the genocide was passed in the state Senate on
Thursday.
Armenian Student Association President Raffi Kassabian said the
graphic images are needed to inform students of the genocide.
“Many political science and 20th century history classes don’t talk
about the genocide,” he said. Approximately 50 students quietly
carried signs in memory of those killed in the genocide.
“Genocide unpunished is genocide encouraged,” read one commemorator’s
sign. Another called Mount Ararat “Turkey’s prize from the genocide.”
Armenians identify Mount Ararat with their 3,000-year-old historic
homeland.
On a very hot and bright day, for an hour-long outdoor march, all
participants wore black to remember what happened 90 years ago, as
their ancestors began a 19-day, 215-mile forced march through the arid
deserts of Syria.
This act began nine years of violence that Armenians say killed 1.5
million of their people.
The marchers were solemn, yet willing to answer the questions of
passersby, especially if in regard to the continuing Turkish denial of
genocide and the United States’ and other countries’ refusal to
classify the events as genocide.
“The unrelenting denial by the Turkish government deprives it of moral
standing in the international community,” said Armenian history
Professor Richard Hovannisian in an e-mail. He is currently in Armenia
for a genocide conference.
Some students feel that the Turkish denial both insults their past and
makes the world more hospitable to other perpetrators of genocide.
“By saying it didn’t happen, you deny our history,” said Johnny
Apikian, a fourth-year business economics student. “It may be cliche
to say history repeats itself, but it does.”
Armenian Americans have tried unsuccessfully to get the United States
to recognize the events as genocide.
Naz Koulloukian, a fourth-year communication studies student, said he
has been attending the annual protest at the Los Angeles Turkish
consulate since he was eight years old, and would be there again this
Saturday. He said his family’s history was forever altered after his
grandmother’s parents were killed by the Ottoman Turks, and his
grandmother was then raised in a Syrian orphanage.
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

REPRESENTATIVE OF “ORINATS YERKIR” WARNS: NOBODY TO SUCCEED IN
COMPROMISING HIS PARTY AND ITS YOUNG LEADER
YEREVAN, APRIL 13, NOYAN TAPAN. “I want to warn all those who will try
from now on to compromise “Orinats Yerkir” (Country of Law) party and
its young leader Artur Baghdasarian: they will not succeed, as our
party is the people’s party, our owner is the people and we are those
expressing its will,” Gagik Avetian, a member of “Orinats Yerkir”
faction stated at the Parliament on April 12. According to him, the
idea, that there is somebody who enjoys people’s love and respect,
gives some politicians no rest. “What of it? Is he guilty that the
people loves and recieves him, that he is recieved in the four sides
of the world? Is he guilty that he is young and clever? Who disturbs
you, be such as well,” the MP advised Artur Baghdasarian’s
opponents. He stated that “Orinats Yerkir” does not disturb anybody
and will not allow to disturb him: “We have enough both human and
mental resources to be able to confront any blow.” Gagik Avetian
called partners to occupy themselves with law making work instead of
falling disrespectful abuses and contumelies in address of other
parties or their leaders.
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Defence minister, Russian general inspect Tajik firing range
Interfax-AVN military news agency web site, Moscow
1 Apr 05

Dushanbe, 1 April: The Tajik defence minister, Col-Gen Sherali
Khayrulloyev, on Friday [1 April] visited the Eshak Maydon firing
range (some 200 km southwest of Dushanbe), where the second phase of
the Rubezh-2005 command and staff exercises of the Collective Security
Treaty Organization [CSTO; members are Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Russia] member states, involving action and
field firing, will be held on 4-6 April.
The spokesman for the Tajik Defence Ministry, Col Zarobiddin Sirojev,
told Interfax that the minister was accompanied by the commander of
Volga-Urals Military District, Gen Vladimir Boldyrev.
Sirojev said the manoeuvres, which altogether will last from 2 to 6
April, would involve subunits from Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and
Tajikistan, which form a part of the Collective Rapid Deployment
Forces in the Central Asian region.
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Azerbaijan News Service
March 23 2005
AZERBAIJAN CHESS FEDERATION TO PREVENT SO-CALLED TOURNAMENT BY
ARMENIANS IN OCCUPIED QARABAQ
2005-03-23 12:07
Azerbaijan has appealed to World Chess Federation (FIDE) protesting
international chess tournament’s taking place by Armenia in
occupied Daqliq Qarabaq. The letter addressed to FIDE president
Cristina Ilumjanova says that Armenian attempt to hold international
chess tournament in occupied territory of Azerbaijan contradicts
international law norms. President of Azerbaijan chess federation
Aynur Sofiyeva urges to prevent the following attempt by Armenian side
to hold international tournament in occupied Daqliq Qarabaq. The
appeal reminds that Daqliq Qarabaq is historical territory of
Azerbaijan and turned out an uncontrolled zone as a result of Armenian
occupation. Last year Armenian side held such a tournament in occupied
Daqliq Qarabaq but later Azerbaijani side managed to prevent it to
be registered as international by FIDE and other organizations.
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

PanArmenian News
Feb 22 2005
KARABAKH CALLED AZERBAIJAN TO RECOGNIZE NKR INDEPENDENCE
22.02.2005 18:34
/PanARMENIAN.Net/ The Nagorno Karabakh Parliament has called
Azerbaijan to recognize the independence of the Nagorno Karabakh
Republic (NKR), Arman Melikian, the NKR Foreign Minister stated in
Yerevan, IA Regnum reported. In his words, the call is also addressed
to parliaments of other countries. A. Melikian noted that direct
talks between Nagorno Karabakh and Azerbaijan may become a key for
solving the problem and that only Nagorno Karabakh can assume the
responsibility both for the territories and the refugees. Answering
the question whether it is a call to Armenia’s withdrawal from the
negotiation process, Melikian noted “it is the approach of Nagorno
Karabakh.” In his words, at the moment the outcomes of the talks
between Yerevan and Baku do not provide an exact notion on the
further developments.” Nagorno Karabakh is not left outside the
negotiation framework, as it possesses the whole information on the
talks between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the NKR FM stated. Speaking of
the opportunity for certain concessions by Stepanakert, Arman
Melikian noted that “these can only take place in the course of
direct talks between Nagorno Karabakh and Azerbaijan, as now we do
not hold direct talks, speaking of concessions is early.”
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Lebanon: A Cedar Revolution to Counter Russian Missiles For Damascus
By K Gajendra Singh
Al-Jazeera.Info, USA
Feb 18 2005
Al-Jazeerah, February 18, 2005
The US attempt to organize a franchised ‘Cedar’ revolution in Lebanon
, like the Orange revolution in Ukraine and the Rose revolution in
Georgia , is to counter Moscow’s return into Middle East . Russia
would be soon delivering short range missiles to Damascus , to ease
US pressure in Ukraine , Georgia and elsewhere . The sale of missiles
to Syria was finalized during Syrian President Basher Assad’s recent
visit to Moscow. But it could ignite the most inflammable tinderbox
in the region , Lebanon ,which saw its polity and economy stabilised
and rebuilt over the last 15 years following a 15 years of civil war
from 1976 .The consequences would be horrendous . The mayhem of the
civil war had added ‘Lebanonisation’ to the lexicon
Following the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Shafiq
Hariri in Beirut on 14 February , almost spontaneous demonstrations ,
outcries followed by quick US actions like recall of its Ambassador
from Damascus , which has been blamed for the bomb blasts killing
Harari , by innuendo , implication and even directly by some US
lawmakers, as usual cheer led by US led corporate media , looks too
familiar , coming as it does when Russia is to transfer low range
missiles to Damascus .
The organized spontaneity and the cacophony of opposition noises in
Lebanon look like other recent franchised revolutions , in Georgia
and in Ukraine , apart from overthrow of Milosevic in Serbia. While
Europe Union openly sided with USA in the orange revolution in
Ukraine , which will adversely affect its relations with Russia ,this
time France , a former colonial power in Syria and Lebanon joined
Washington,
“If Syria was involved, the move would represent an act of
uncharacteristically brazen recklessness on the part of a regime
instinctively cautious in matters involving its own survival.”, said
Time magazine .Having spent decades in the region the author knows
the Syrians to be sophisticated operators .By having a hand in the
killing of Hariri Syria would not like to commit Harakiri , now under
daily pressure from US and Israel , the latter intrudes into its
sovereign air space and occupies its Golan Heights since 1967
war.,President Assad condemned Hariri’s killing as a “horrible
terrorist act,” but that did not dim the ire of Lebanese opposition
groups and the Bush administration.Syrian forces first arrived in
Beirut in 1976, eventually enforcing a fragile peace between rival
Lebanese factions and armed Palestinian refugees, and running the
country as Syria’s backyard ever since. It now keeps about 15,000
troops in the Beka’a valley. Fresh Lebanese elections are scheduled
for May, and Hariri was under mounting pressure to take the lead in
an opposition campaign to rally a vote for ousting Syrian troops.
Attempts are being made to unite all anti-Syrian factions which
fought a devastating civil war between 1975 and 1990. Christians,
Druze, and Shia and Sunni Muslims were in the funeral procession
numbering in over a hundred thousand . The US assistant secretary of
state, William Burns, who attended the funeral, said Hariri’s death
must give renewed impetus to achieving a free, independent and
sovereign Lebanon, and “what that means is the complete and immediate
withdrawal by Syria of all of its forces in Lebanon”.
The US, with the backing of France, pushed through UN Security
Council resolution 1559 in September, calling on Syria to withdraw
its troops. Jacques Chirac, the French president, a personal friend
of Hariri, flew to Beirut to offer his condolences. He praised Hariri
for his fight for democracy and independence. Lebanon government has
resisted pressure for an international investigation on the murder,
but has invited Swiss explosives experts to help.
Resolution 1559 has been strenuously resisted not only by Syria, but
also by the pro-Damascus Lebanese authorities, particularly President
Emile Lahoud. The White House spokesman, Scott McClellan, said that
Hariri’s murder was “an attempt to stifle these efforts to build an
independent, sovereign Lebanon, free of foreign domination.” Eyes are
now turned to the Security Council to see if a new resolution is
passed, perhaps imposing more sanctions on Syria.. Russia is angry
with US and will not cooperate nor would perhaps China.
President Assad’s extension of Lahoud’s mandate last September –
triggered the confrontation between Syria and the opposition – is
seen as a sign of firmness in facing up to American and French
pressures. Lebanese government officials and Syrian allies have
accused the opposition of being in the pocket of the United States
and Israel.
It appears that Hariri was leaning toward formally joining the
opposition, which he had hesitated to do. Apart from having in the
most prominent Lebanese Sunni, widening the opposition front’s
multi-sectarian base; it would also have brought Hariri’s ample purse
to support opposition in the elections next spring. “Hariri was the
natural cornerstone of a post-Syrian-withdrawal shadow
government.”BBC re-telecast a “Hard Talk” interview after 11
September, 2001 in which Hariri refused to declare Hizbullah a
terrorist organization and instead declared Israel an enemy.Syria has
cultivated politicians from all ends of the sectarian divide, and
controlling Lebanon’s own intelligence and security services. More
than visions of historic “Greater Syria” concept” there are certainly
economic benefits for Syria to maintain control over its economically
dynamic neighbor whose progress and integration into the world
economy puts Syria’s own decrepit economy to shame. But Lebanon’s
primary importance to Damascus is its value as a strategic trump
card. The organizing principle of Syrian foreign policy over the past
four decades has been to find ways of pressuring Israel to return the
Golan Heights, occupied by Israel since the war of 1967. Syria’s
presence in Lebanon, and particularly its support for the Iran-backed
Hezbollah militia, became its key strategic bargaining chips with
Israel, its Lebanese proxies have posed a constant security on
Israel’s northern border for the past quarter century. Losing Lebanon
would strip a regime already dangerously isolated within the Arab
world of the last of its leverage in dealing with Israel. “said Time
magazine.The U.N. Security Council approved a statement urging the
Lebanese government to “bring to justice the perpetrators, organizers
and sponsors of this heinous terrorist act.” Lebanon’s interior
minister suggested a suicide bomber aided by “international parties”
may have been behind it.
Apart from a rogue Syrian intelligence operatives, even factions
among Lebanon’s myriad religious groups have been accused . Lebanese
authorities have described responsibility claims by previously
unknown Islamic militants as not credible.
In Washington for meetings with Vice President Dick Cheney and Ms
Rice, the Egyptian foreign minister, Ahmed About Gheit, said “it is
still premature to reach conclusions” about Hariri’s assassination.
Speaking at the Brookings Institution thinktank, Gheit said he hoped
it would not touch off a cycle of killings and push Lebanon into
civil war.
Real reason –Russian Misssiles for Syria ;On 16 February , Moscow
confirmed that it will sell a new air defence missile system to
Syria, overlooking Israeli concern followed by US objections. It said
it was only for close-range use and would not upset the balance of
military forces in the Middle East. The system would be mounted on
vehicles and could not be stripped down for man-portable
shoulder-launch use. “This type of system is not mobile, these are
not man-portable anti-aircraft systems, and without special means of
transport their use is impossible,” a Russian official said. He also
repeated Moscow’s recent denials of any plans to sell longer-range
tactical Iskander missiles to Syria, which could reach any target in
Israel , including its nuclear reactor Dimona.
“Negotiations are now taking place on delivery to Damascus of the
Strelets close-range anti-air system,” Interfax news agency quoted an
unnamed senior defence ministry official.
Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon said at a news conference on 16
February in Jerusalem that Israel was informed by Russia that a sale
of weapons to Syria would go ahead despite Israeli objections. “We
worry about that and we don’t think that that should have happened,”
he added .
Russian President Vladimir Putin said last month that the sale would
not upset the balance of power in the Middle East and that it
involved equipment that could solely be used for defensive purposes.
He said in an interview with daily the Jerusalem Post that “we won’t
bring to the region weapons that can be used by terrorists or that
can be transferred to terrorists without controls.”
Another country , Afghanistan also had foreign soldiers , which the
US led West and conservative Muslim regimes went to oust in 1979 and
to establish democracy .That country lies destroyed and shattered ,
even though the Soviet Russian troops left in 1989 .In came Talebans
and Al Qaida which stunned USA on September 11 , 2001 .Elections were
recently held in Afghanistan , over which US President George W, Bush
crowed , without “convincing” many except his media brain washed
supporters in USA .These could be conducted only with help from
democrat Gen Pervez Musharraf of Pakistan , where the opposition is
up in arms against his keeping on the military uniform . Gen
Musharraf persuaded the Mujahddins , Talebans and war lords to let
elections be held . He was promptly rewarded by USA in hundreds of
US$ millions of aid.
US Reaction to Hariris’s Death;
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice asked US allies to join in
pressurising Syria to end its presence in Lebanon and its support of
terrorism. She told the US Congress, if other countries “send Syria a
message” that its conduct is unacceptable, “then perhaps the Syrians
will start to worry more about their isolation . . . politically and
economically.” Rice said that the message sent by recalling the US
ambassador was “an important one, and we’ll see how they respond.”
She added that other measures were possible, saying, “We continue to
review what else we might do.” She did acknowledge that it was not
clear who was behind Hariri’s killing, but US administration argued
that Syria’s presence in Lebanon was responsible for such attacks.
The Syrians came in Damascus after an accord in 1976, while USA
invaded Syria’s neighbour Iraq against the wishes of the UN .It has
not given much convincing explanations for mayhem carried out in that
country . On Iraq , USA remains isolated , has shown little
accountability under Geneva conventions and the man who advised
ignoring the conventions will become like minister of interior in
other countries .
Ms Rice did admit that no other country imposed economic and trade
sanctions against Damascus, which the U.S. Congress did two years
ago. US threatened to impose more sanctions .But “there’s no doubt
that Syria is a big problem,” she told members of the Senate Foreign
Affairs Committee for 2006 budget discussions. Both Republicans and
Democrats on the committee told Rice that the United States should be
forceful in its dealings with Damascus. “I urge you not to let Syria
off the hook,” said Sen. George Allen
But Sen. Barbara Boxer, D-Calif., who grilled Rice during hearings ,
even questioning her integrity added a realty check .She said
Americans were told before the war on Iraq that U.S. allies would
help cover the cost of the mission, now estimated to total about $250
billion. In giving new aid to the coalition partners, including
Poland and Ukraine, “in essence, we’re paying them for what they
did,” Boxer said. “We were told there would be financial burden
sharing; and at the end of the day, there isn’t.”
Even the U.S. House of Representatives joined in condemning Syria (
as yet without any proof) , paid tribute to Rafik Hariri, and called
for Syria to withdraw troops from Lebanon. US troops are staying in
Iraq for stability not Syria’s in Lebanon.A resolution is under
consideration to honor Hariri but the session was devoted to
criticism of Syria’s continuing occupation of Lebanon. Another
Congressman recalled the demonstrations by Lebanese calling for
Syria’s withdrawal from Lebanon as the key issue for Lebanon. “There
is no proof that Syria was directly responsible for this
assassination,” he said. “But there is no doubt that Syria has
remained in Lebanon far longer either than their mandate, or than in
the agreements under the Taif Accords of 1989.”Congressman Eliot
Engel, who wrote the Syria Accountability Act Congress approved last
year imposing sanctions on Damascus, has urged the Bush
administration to ensure that the Syria Accountability Act is fully
implemented. That law calls on Syria, among other things, to halt
support for terrorism, end its occupation of Lebanon, and stop
development of any weapons of mass destruction and ballistic
missiles. “It is clear to me, although the evidence is being
gathered, but I suspect that this assassination has some ties to
Damascus, to the regime in Damascus,” he noted. “The Syrians have
allowed Lebanon to destablize, and this is part and parcel of the
result.During her safari the Europeans listened and clapped politely
to Ms Rice , but were hardly overwhelmed with the marketing of the
same US agenda , only less stridently than the boss. She might be
considered eloquent but hardly convincing .
Iran – Syria United Front ;
Iran and Syria threatened daily by the Bush administration and the
Israel government, on 16 February formed a mutual self-defence pact
to confront the “threats” facing them. This was announced after a
meeting in Tehran between the Iranian vice-president, Mohammed Reza
Aref, and the Syrian prime minister, Naji al-Otari.” At this
sensitive point, the two countries require a united front due to
numerous challenges,” said Otari. Aref added: “We are ready to help
Syria on all grounds to confront threats.” Syria and Iran have been
together in the past too .
Of course while US leaders make conflicting statements on Iran’s
nuclear program ,Israeli Foreign Minister, Silvan Shalom, speaking in
London predicted that Tehran would have the knowledge to produce a
nuclear weapon within six months. He said that Iran was preparing
nuclear weapons that would be able to target “London, Paris and
Madrid” by the end of the decade. “We believe the Iranians will never
abandon their dreams” of nuclear weapons, Shalom said. “It is not
Israel’s problem any more, it is the world’s problem.” It is a
strange statement coming from Israel , which reportedly has over 100
nuclear bombs.Historical Background;
When the armies of Islam erupted from the Arabian desert and carved
an empire from the Atlantic to China in the 7th Century , Lebanon
with its mountains provided refuge for persecuted Christian and
Muslim sects alike. After Ottomans annexed the caliphate and
guardianship of Mecca and Medina in 16th century, the region became a
peaceful backwater until World War I. During Ottoman era Lebanon
evolved a social and political system of its own. Ottoman Aleppo or
Tripoli governed the north, Damascus the centre, and Sidon the south.
Coastal Lebanon and al-Biqah valley were usually ruled more directly
by Istanbul, while Mt. Lebanon enjoyed semiautonomous status.
But when Turkey sided with Germany in the First World War , Britain,
to protect its Indian possessions and the Suez Canal lifeline,
encouraged Arabs under Hashemite ruler Sharif Hussein of Hijaj to
revolt against the caliph in Istanbul (and deputed spy T E Lawrence
to help out). The war’s end did not bring freedom to the Arabs as
promised; because , at the same time, by secret Sykes-Picot
agreement, the British and French arbitrarily divided the sultan’s
Arab domains and their warring populations of Shi’ites, Sunnis,
Alawite Muslims, Druse, and Christians. The French took most of
greater Syria, dividing it into Syria and Christian-dominated
Lebanon. The British kept Palestine, Iraq and the rest of Arabia.
When Sharif Hussein’s son Emir Feisel arrived to claim Damascus,
Syria, the French chased him out. So the British installed him on the
Iraqi throne. When the other son, Emir Abdullah, turned up in Amman,
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, dining in a Jerusalem
hotel, reportedly drew on a napkin the borders of a new Emirate of
Trans-Jordan, encompassing wasteland vaguely claimed by Syrians,
Saudis and Iraqis.
By the 1917 Balfour Declaration Britain had also promised a homeland
for Jews in Palestine. European Jews began emigrating to Palestine,
and the trickle became a flood with the rise of anti-Semitic policies
in Nazi Germany and elsewhere in Europe. After World War II, the
state of Israel, carved out of British Palestine, was not recognized
by the Arabs. The 1948 Arab-Israeli war allowed Israel to expand its
area, while Jordan annexed the West Bank and Egypt took over Gaza. In
the Six-Day War of 1967, Israel captured the West bank and Gaza and
Syria’s Golan heights. Thus were laid the foundations for most of the
problems of the region.
The contemporary state of Lebanon came into being in 1920 when
France, administered it as a League of Nations mandate. The
Maronites, strongly pro-French by tradition, welcomed this, and
during the next 20 years, while France held the mandate, the
Maronites were favoured. The expansion of prewar Lebanon into Greater
Lebanon, however, changed the balance of the population. Although the
Maronites were the largest single element, they no longer formed a
majority. The population was more or less equally divided between
Christians and Muslims, and a large section of it wanted neither to
be ruled by France nor to be part of an independent Lebanon, but
rather to join Syrian or an Arab state
Lebanon became a republic in 1926 and achieved independence in 1943.
Its rugged, mountainous terrain served throughout history as an
asylum for diverse religious and ethnic groups and for political
dissidents. The majority of Lebanese now are Muslims ,( with Shiite
the most numerous ) followed by Christians with Maronites the largest
group, Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholics , and Druzes and Armenians
and, even a very small minority of Jews. Lebanon is one of the most
densely populated countries in the Mediterranean area. It has one of
the highest rates of literacy.
Lebanon is a republic with a parliamentary system of government. Its
constitution, promulgated in 1926 during the French mandate was
modified by several subsequent amendments. According to the 1989 Taif
agreement, parliamentary seats are apportioned equally between
Christian and Muslim sects, thereby replacing an earlier ratio that
had favoured Christians. This sectarian distribution is also observed
in appointments to public office and jobs.
The head of state is the president, who is elected by a two-thirds
majority of the National Assembly for a term of six years and is
eligible for reelection only after the lapse of an additional six
years. By an unwritten convention, the president must be a Maronite
Christian, the premier a Sunnite Muslim, and the speaker of the
National Assembly a Shiite. The Cabinet members’ portfolios are
organized to reflect the sectarian balance and holds more executive
power than the president. It requires a vote of confidence from the
assembly. A Cabinet usually falls because of internal dissension,
societal strife, or pressure exerted by foreign states. The control
of the official central government is at best precarious; sectarian
militias and foreign countries exert great influence .
Lebanon has to grapple with internal problems of social and economic
organization, and also to struggle to define its position in relation
to Israel, to its Arab neighbours, and to Palestinian refugees living
in Lebanon. The Lebanese pluralistic communal structure eventually
collapsed under the pressures of this struggle. Communal rivalries
over political power became so exacerbated by the complex issues that
arose from the Palestinian question that a breakdown of the
governmental system resulted from an extremely damaging civil war
that began in 1975.
The civil war was a catastrophe for the Lebanese, whose country lay
in ruins. There seemed to be no compromise acceptable to the Muslims,
who numbered more than half the population, and to the Christians,
who were determined to keep their control of key government
institutions. Foreign intervention merely restrained open, full scale
warfare. Economic destruction was massive, but this was overcome to a
certain extent by increased remittances from Lebanese working abroad
during the boom years in the oil-producing countries.
Then Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982 to eliminate Palestine Libration
Organisation (PLO) , a law into itself ., which had been expelled
from Jordan in early 1970s .PLO Chief Yasser Arafat had to leave
Beirut, but under the command and neglect of Defence Minister ,
thousands of helpless Palestinians , mostly women, children and old
men were butchered by Christian militia, Israel’s allies .
A year after the Israeli withdrawal in 1982 from southern Lebanon,
Hezbollah—Lebanon’s main resistance force in the region—refused to
consider that the country had regained its full sovereignty, since
Israel still controlled the Sheba farms enclave and had not released
all Lebanese prisoners of war, and Israeli warplanes patrolled
Lebanese skies at will.
In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks in the U.S., Lebanon
tried to walk a tightrope. Lebanese officials were at pains to stress
their condemnation of the attacks against civilians, while at the
same time, they emphasized the distinction between terrorism and the
struggle for liberation. Bush’s statement for a Palestinian state was
welcomed by Lebanese officials, who were under international pressure
to naturalize about 330,000 Palestinian refugees in Lebanon . They
were uneasy, about Washington targeting Hezbollah for attack as a
terrorist organization.
In 1980s , the West had supported Iraq’s long war against Ayatollah
Khomeini’s Iran, and the US had granted loans to Baghdad worth
billions of dollars. For strategic reasons Syria sided with Iran .But
in 1990-91 Gulf War , Syria along with most of the Arab world and
Turkey joined Papa Bush coalition for various reasons , Iraq’s
invasion of Kuwait, money , cutting Saddam Hussein down to size ,
when Iraq at great human and money cost had stopped Khomeini’s
Shiite revolution from expanding in the Arab world .Ironically ,
Shiite of Iraq have now become a major force after 30 January
elections in Iraq . In both US led wars against Iraq, Israel and
unwittingly Iran have gained .
This article was submitted by the author for publication at
Al-Jazeerah on Feb 17, 2005. It was also published by Saag.com.
–Boundary_(ID_a5ZhVvPiBhgOl119smjdhA)–
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Armenian ruling coalition urges opposition to cooperate on constitutional
reform
Arminfo
3 Feb 05
YEREVAN
Armenia’s ruling political coalition has called on the opposition to
work together in reforming the country’s constitution, says a
statement by the Armenian ruling political coalition which includes
three parties: the Republican Party of Armenia, the Armenian
Revolutionary Federation – Dashnaktsutyun and the Orinats Yerkir
[Law-Governed Country] Party.
“Remaining faithful to the spirit of parliamentary cooperation, we
regret that the coalition’s call for joint work on the constitutional
reform did not receive a positive response from the opposition. We
believe that it is necessary to ensure broader cooperation in the
development and adoption of constitutional reforms, and confirm the
coalition’s readiness for this cooperation.
“We welcome the intention of the Justice and National Unity factions
to join the work on constitutional changes and highlight the
importance of cooperation in putting forward suggestions to that
end. We believe that the suggestions made by the two factions deserve
being discussed and think that in order to clarify positions on the
suggestions put forward by Justice, National Unity and others, it is
important to conduct public and political discussions and carry out
work in relevant standing commissions of the National Assembly
[parliament] and at the plenary session.
“We call on the authors of the suggestions to contribute to this
process, during which final positions will be developed both regarding
the proposed reform of state administration, the judiciary and local
governments and other parts of the constitution,” the coalition says
in the statement.
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

AzerNews, Azerbaijan
Dec 29 2004
OSCE sets up fact-finding mission to visit occupied Azeri lands

The OSCE has set up a fact-finding mission to monitor the Azerbaijani
lands occupied by Armenia. The mission includes the OSCE Minsk Group
co-chairs and representatives from Germany, Italy, Finland, Sweden as
well as the OSCE Secretariat, a diplomatic source told AssA-Irada.

The mission is scheduled to arrive in Baku late in January-early in
February 2005 to further visit Upper Garabagh and monitor the
occupied lands. A report will be prepared after the monitoring is
over.
Late this November, the Azerbaijani government proposed to put the
issue on the occupied territories on the agenda of the UN General
Assembly session and establish a fact-finding mission within the
OSCE.
Russian co-chair of the OSCE Minsk Group Yuri Merzlyakov has told
Armenian media that the OSCE mission will conduct monitoring not in
Upper Garabagh itself, but only in the seven regions adjacent to it.

Merzlyakov said Armenia will provide suitable conditions for the work
of the OSCE mission, while Azerbaijan will allegedly withdraw its
proposal to discuss the illegal settlement of Armenians its occupied
territories at the United Nations.
Azerbaijani officials have not expressed their position on the matter
yet.
Commenting on the fact that Azerbaijani and Turkish representatives
have not been included in the mission, chairman of the Center for
Political Innovation and Technology Mubariz Ahmadoghlu said
Azerbaijan has enough evidence to ensure that the mission experts
will conduct an unbiased monitoring in the occupied territories.
“Not only Armenia but also several international organizations,
including the International Committee of the Red Cross and Doctors
Without Borders, are engaged in purposeful settlement of population
in Upper Garabagh and other occupied lands of Azerbaijan.” The
political analyst said that several families of Armenian descent, who
became victims of an earthquake that hit Armenia in 1988, were
settled in the Lachin region, another Azerbaijani territory under
occupation.
This fact was indirectly confirmed by German, Russian and Armenian
representatives of an international organization on search of
prisoners of war and missing people. They officially stated that all
living conditions were created for mentally retarded Armenians in a
mountainous area in the Lachin region.
“Armenia will not be able to hide their large-scale activities on
settling population in the occupied Azerbaijani lands,” said
Ahmadoghlu.
Baku expects progress in January talks
Baku expects considerable progress at the meeting of Azerbaijani and
Armenian foreign ministers upcoming in January, Foreign Minister
Elmar Mammadyarov told local ATV channel.
“If Armenia continues to approach the issue seriously, as it did at
the Sofia and Brussels meetings of foreign ministers, remarkable
changes will be achieved in the Upper Garabagh conflict settlement.”
Asked whether the January meeting can be termed as a start of the
second stage of Prague meetings, Mammadyarov said: “In general, I am
opposed to breaking the talks into stages. The meeting should be
considered continuation of the Prague process.”
The foreign minister added that the parties will set the exact time
of the meeting early next month after a telephone conversation.
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Christmas is Busy Time for Catholic Charities
By TATYANA NYBORG, A Contributing Writer
Greater Tulsa Reporter Newspapers, OK
Dec 18 2004
“This time of the year, we have Christmas toy distribution and will
give about 1,000 food baskets and toys to 300 families,” says Quentin
Henley, associate director of Catholic Charities, located on 739
North Denver street in Tulsa.
Another Catholic Charities project is collecting coats for
distribution. Yale Cleaners and TV Channel 6 provide support for the
project that distributes about 10,000 coats.
Most Catholic Charities’ services are free. “We are amazed by peoples’
generosity,” says Henley. “Almost all funding comes from donations of
Catholic and other communities. We have about 300 volunteers helping
throughout the year.”
Catholic Charities offer free food and clothing. Every month they
donate clothing to about 17,000 households and food to 13,000
households.
Catholic Charities have several buildings in different locations
in Tulsa and other towns to hold the clothing and food as well as
residential homes for programs that support individuals and families
with special needs.
Families who need support to get back on their feet can live in St.
Elizabeth Lodge. Seven families live there presently, but it can
accommodate up to 12 families. Madonna House is a program for women
in crisis. Most of the women living there are expecting. It has
eight rooms with usually six or seven filled at a time. St. Joseph
residency is for people infected with HIV. The residents of the St.
Joseph home are provided with 24-hour care. There are currently 12
residents with a capacity of 13, and there is a waiting list.
Xavier Clinic is a free medical clinic supported by the Catholic
Charities. It is a joint program with Saint Francis hospital. Doctors
and nurses from the hospital volunteer their time to help people
without health insurance. Patients can consult with therapists once a
week, take pregnancy tests, and attend a once a month diabetic clinic.
Catholic Charities provided 1,400 hours of counseling for individuals
and families, and helped families adopt 12 children through their
adoption agency in 2004.
Marina Williams, a refugee resettlement and immigration coordinator
of the Catholic Charities, works through an agreement made between
the U.S. government and the Charities about financial, immigration
and housing help for refugees from other countries. Williams told
about incidences where she and Catholic Charities were able to help.
Fifty-two welders from India came to Oklahoma to work for an American
company. But the company violated their contracts. They were paid only
$2.00 per hour, and the owners of the company held their passports
and did not allow them to leave the factory. So Catholic Charities
helped the welders fight for their rights and get permanent residency
in the United States. “There are many people coming to the U.S. from
the war zones.” Williams says. “For example, an Armenian refugee
from Azerbaijan came here recently. When the military conflict
in Nagorny Karabah between Azerbaijanians and Armenians started,
she left everything to escape. She and her son arrived in the United
States without a home, job or even passports. Catholic Charities helped
them with everything. They got Social Security numbers and immigration
papers so she could find a job. They lived in the St. Elizabeth lodge
and the Catholic Charities paid for their utilities, food, clothing,
transportation and health screening.” Williams is now helping the
Indian welders to bring their families to the United States.
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Daily Times, Pakistan
Dec 7 2004
COMMENT: Pakistan should look towards Turkey —Ishtiaq Ahmed
The Quaid-e-Azam came to the conclusion that mobilising Muslim
masses in the name of Islam to get Pakistan was one thing and making
Pakistan a theocratic state quite another. On August 11, 1947 he
portrayed unequivocally his idea of Pakistan in secular,
liberal-democratic terms. But for more than half a century Pakistani
governments suppressed that idea
When Allama Iqbal composed the famous verse, Judaa ho deen siyasat
sey to reh jaati hai changezi (if religion is separated from politics
the result is tyranny), he was both right and wrong. He was right to
the extent that politics divorced from morality can degenerate into a
brute exercise of power by the strong. He was wrong to the extent
that the word deen means not only religion in the narrow sense of
religious faith, but a supposedly all-encompassing holistic way of
life deriving from a dogmatic interpretation of Shariah that the
state is expected to enforce through its legal system and
constitution. In the later role, at least in the contemporary period
all Islamic states — Saudi Arabia, Iran, Sudan, Afghanistan under the
Taliban – have oppressed religious and ethnic minorities.
In this connection, the Madinese State model of the Prophet (peace be
upon him) and his pious caliphs can always be presented as
counter-evidence to allegations of Islamic states being oppressive,
but since we are far removed from that pristine period in Islamic
history it is advisable to consider it an exception rather than the
rule. It is even wise not to drag exalted names from the Islamic past
into contemporary politics. How many times have we not heard about
Hazrat Umar entering Palestine with his slave sitting on the camel
and he walking on foot. Do let me know if any Pakistani president,
prime minister or ministers ever do without air-conditioner during
summer while most of our masses toil in the merciless May-July sun
without even the shade of a tree.
Or, do let me know when you see even a district coordination officer
drive the car while his peon sits beside him or behind him. As a
gimmick, of course, such antics have great publicity value. Thus one
day when General Zia ul Haq went to his office on a bicycle from
Rawalpindi to Islamabad (or was it in the opposite direction?)
virtually the whole police force and the security fellows in that
area were mobilised to protect him. It turned out to be nothing more
than a caricature of the conduct of the pious caliphs. Not
surprisingly, instead of becoming a regular practice it remained a
one-time parody.
It is a myth that the state in Europe was secular and the church
represented only religious interests. The truth is that both together
represented the Christian polity and the wars of religions fought in
the 16th century were an ugly manifestation of fanatical religion in
European affairs. Similar periods of fanaticism have ravaged Muslim
history. However, one must point out that during its heyday Islamic
Spain developed quite an enlightened and tolerant political and
social order in which dissident Christians and Jews running away from
persecution were accommodated at all levels of society. Also, the
Ottomans practised wide latitude of communal pluralism which allowed
considerable internal autonomy to the various millets (nations)
consisting of Armenians, Greeks and Jews while the ruling power
remained in the hands of Sunni Muslims. Such an arrangement, however,
had no scope for individual human rights and freedom and therefore
the Ottoman system remained a pre-liberal type of religious
pluralism.
The break with the system of religious polities in Western
Christendom took place at the time of the American and French
revolutions when individual rights (initially only for white men)
were given constitutional cover. Among Muslims, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
had the foresight to realise that if Turkey was to awaken from its
medieval stupor it had to modernise its legal and constitutional
systems. The Indian National Congress also came to the sound
conclusion that if India was to be a democracy it could not be a
Hindu state.
The founder of Pakistan, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, too, came
to the conclusion that mobilising the Muslim masses in the name of
Islam to get Pakistan was one thing but making Pakistan a theocratic
state was quite another. Therefore on August 11, 1947 he portrayed
unequivocally his idea of Pakistan in secular, liberal-democratic
terms. But for more than half a century Pakistani governments
suppressed that idea and Pakistan could not develop into a democracy.
On the contrary, from the late 1970s onwards Pakistan fixed its gaze
upon Saudi Arabia in search of an ideal and source of inspiration.
This was most unfortunate because while the Saudis were most
unwilling to share their oil-generated wealth with us they were very
keen to foster upon us their closed culture of segregation of men and
women, absence of political freedom, free press and media, and an
antipathy for any intellectual or artistic endeavour.
Consequently no university has ever been established in Saudi Arabia
where political science, sociology, psychology or modern economics is
taught. Saudi citizens are thus denied any opportunity to interact
with the modern world in an informed manner. Saudi economic help to
Pakistan therefore resulted in the proliferation of religious
madrassas where thousands and thousands of pupils from
poverty-stricken homes were indoctrinated to hate anyone who did not
share their ideas and beliefs. It is not clear if all such
institutions have now been closed down. The Pakistan government did
express such an intention.
I think the situation can change for the better in Pakistan if we
study more closely how Turkey has successfully developed into a
modern state and society. The Kemalist elite, particularly the
military, has often been criticised for its rigid secularism, but it
is important to point out that now that a democratically-elected AKP
government, with an emphasis on Islamic values, has shown maturity
not to disturb the secular basis of the state the Kemalist elite has
adjusted to such a situation quite amiably.
Educated Turks will tell you that being a Muslim does not mean
rejecting modernity or secularism, but rather a willingness to
incorporate the best ideas of the time into the legal structure and
creating a modern citizenry capable of facing competently and
effectively the challenges of the contemporary period.
Even the highly suspicious and sceptical Europeans are coming around
to the idea that Turkey is a successful Muslim democracy. Unless the
conservative forces in Europe, particularly France, rally
overwhelming opposition Turkey is likely to begin – after a top EU
meeting in December – formal negotiations for membership in the
European Union.
We should look towards Turkey for an ideal.
The author is an associate professor of political science at
Stockholm University. He is the author of two books. His email
address is [email protected]
–Boundary_(ID_y1Y+41F1LZ4y9fvxWVSY2w)–
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress