Nouvelles théories juridiques pour la reconnaissance et la réparatio

L’Orient-Le Jour, Liban
27 févr. 2012

Séminaire international sur le génocide arménien : nouvelles théories
juridiques pour la reconnaissance et la réparation

Arméniens « De la reconnaissance à la réparation du génocide arménien
», de nombreux obstacles (politiques) se dressent. Mais c’est par
l’argument juridique que le catholicossat arménien de Cilicie est
déterminé à obtenir la restitution des biens de l’Église.

Le séminaire de deux jours sur le génocide arménien, ayant pour thème
« De la reconnaissance à la réparation », a amorcé une réflexion
juridique nuancée, qui prélude à l’action judiciaire que le
catholicosat arménien de Cilicie compte entamer pour obtenir la
restitution des lieux de culte et des biens de l’Église, confisqués
par les autorités ottomanes en 1915-1916. L’objet de cette demande est
en soi une nouveauté dans la lutte de près d’un siècle du peuple
arménien pour la reconnaissance du génocide. La démarche du
catholicossat vise en effet à obtenir une indemnisation, même si la
reconnaissance n’est pas complétée, et l’indemnisation spécifique des
biens de cette autorité religieuse, sur base de documents puisés dans
les archives des sièges patriarcaux arméniens.
La session de clôture a établi une synthèse consistante des voies
judiciaires ouvertes au catholicossat à cette fin et des problèmes de
forme et de fond que ce dernier devra dénouer ou contourner pour
aboutir à la restitution des biens. Donnant lecture des principaux
points de réflexion traités et de leur résultat, la coordinatrice du
séminaire et professeure de droit international, Nora Bayrakdarian, a
rappelé les enjeux traités par les nombreux experts (européens,
américains et libanais) de droit international public présents au
séminaire : « Adopter des procédures spécifiques, confronter des
arguments juridiques (parfois incompatibles) et envisager de multiples
alternatives légales. »

La Turquie, comme continuité de l’Empire ottoman
D’abord, les intervenants « se sont entendus à l’unanimité sur le fait
que l’actuel État turc est la continuité de l’Empire ottoman et répond
donc de la responsabilité de ce dernier pour des actes condamnés par
le droit international, y compris le génocide ». Cette conclusion est
appuyée par des arguments juridiques, notamment le principe qu’un État
continue d’exister, à moins que des éléments concrets prouvent le
contraire. Or la Turquie résulte d’une « réduction de l’Empire ottoman
à son foyer historique », après une série de démantèlements
territoriaaux et de sécessions. De plus, le peuple turc actuel succède
« aux groupes nationaux qui contrôlaient l’Empire ottoman ». Ainsi,
qualifier l’entité turque comme continuité de l’Empire ottoman «
permet de réfuter d’importants arguments contraires invoqués par les
Turcs actuellement pour s’exonérer de toute responsabilité
d’indemnisation, et avant cela, de reconnaissance », a rappelé Mme
Bayrakdarian.

Rétroactivité de la convention sur le génocide ?
Sur le point de la reconnaissance, d’ailleurs, une tendance a été
particulièrement valorisée, qui tend à abandonner la demande de
reconnaissance du génocide par la Turquie, en se suffisant de la
non-reconnaissance tout cours pour fonder une demande en
indemnisation. Pareille approche est liée à l’interprétation des
faits. Mais il existe un autre problème, lié aux normes légales
applicables, notamment la Convention pour la prévention et la
répression du crime de génocide adoptée en 1948, près de trois
décennies après les massacres et déportations de 1915. L’applicabilité
de cette convention est problématique, puisque sa non-rétroactivité a
été consacrée par le tribunal de Nuremberg, créé en 1945 pour juger
les responsables nazis, et qui a qualifié l’holocauste de crime contre
l’humanité, non de génocide. La convention de 1948 n’a d’ailleurs été
appliquée qu’une seule fois par la Cour internationale de justice,
dans l’affaire opposant la Bosnie-Herzégovine à la
Serbie-et-Monténégro. Selon l’arrêt rendu en 2007, la Serbie n’a pas
commis de génocide en Bosnie-Herzegovine mais n’a rien fait pour
l’empêcher. Aucune indemnisation n’a été décidée. D’ailleurs,
l’indemnisation sur le terrain du droit international public n’est pas
chose aisée, surtout lorsqu’une longue période de temps sépare l’acte
condamnable de la demande d’indemnisation.
À cet égard, les intervenants ont proposé divers arguments juridiques
aptes à pallier la non-rétroactivité de la convention de 1948, dont
l’élaboration a (ironiquement) été influencée par la persécution des
Arméniens en 1915. Parmi les raisonnements légaux proposés, celui de
prouver la violation d’une norme coutumière (non d’une convention) qui
était de rigueur à l’époque des massacres, c’est-à-dire de déceler une
opinio juris (la conviction que l’usage répété est une règle de droit)
qui prévalait avant 1915. Le juge Fausto Pocar, ancien président du
Tribunal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie et éminent invité du
séminaire, est allé jusqu’à proposer « d’établir la preuve non pas du
génocide, mais de son impact », qui appuierait ainsi le caractère
continu (par opposition au caractère immédiat et ponctuel) des actes
de violence. Les effets qui s’étendent au-delà de la période du
génocide pourraient ainsi jouer en faveur de la mise en application de
la convention sur le génocide.

Du génocide culturel
Dans ce cadre, l’objet spécifique de la demande du catholicossat
arménien de Cilicie de reprendre les biens qui lui ont été confisqués
pourrait amener à un précédent en termes d’applicabilité de la
convention sur le génocide. Si le meurtre n’est pas un acte continu,
puisque ses éléments sont ponctuels et son effet instantané, la
confiscation de biens ou encore le recel des objets volés pourraient
constituer un terrain utile pour invoquer la continuité du génocide,
ou de certains de ses effets, et demander le dédommagement sur cette
base. Un autre point important dénote la spécificité du cas du
génocide arménien et son apport au droit international, celui
d’envisager la dimension culturelle du génocide, que la convention de
1948 ne prévoit pas. « La question du patrimoine culturel devrait être
exploitée », conclut Mme Bayrakdarian, après que certains intervenants
eurent évoqué la possibilité de situer la confiscation des biens de
l’Église dans la lignée d’un « génocide culturel », qui consiste à
éradiquer le legs culturel de tout un peuple.

Au-delà de l’angle juridique, le problème reste étroitement historique
et politique, comme l’ont rappelé nombre de juristes. Mais
l’exploitation de la norme de droit comme moyen de guider l’opinion
internationale vers une nouvelle approche du génocide a sous-tendu la
volonté des experts réunis. Une première étape théorique fructueuse,
dans l’attente de la mise en `uvre du plan d’action du catholicossat
arménien de Cilicie.

From: A. Papazian

http://www.lorientlejour.com/category/%C3%80+La+Une/article/747055/Seminaire_international_sur_le_genocide_armenien+%3A_nouvelles_theories_juridiques_pour_la_reconnaissance_et_la_reparation.html

Turkish FM Praises French Annulment Of "Genocide" Bill

TURKISH FM PRAISES FRENCH ANNULMENT OF “GENOCIDE” BILL

Xinhua General News Service
February 28, 2012 Tuesday 1:15 AM EST

Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu on Tuesday praised the
annulment by the Constitutional Council of France of a law that would
incriminate people who deny the mass killing of the Armenians in 1915
was “genocide.”

“The French Constitutional Council has passed a ruling that is in line
with the French Constitution’s notion of universal human rights and
European values which we all defend,” Davutoglu was quoted as saying
by the semi-official Anatolia news agency.

Davutoglu expressed gratitude for French lawmakers who had appealed
to the constitutional council for the annulment of the denial law
and for their “principled stance on human rights.”

“This ruling avoided a split between Turkish and French people
and intellectuals, and the Constitutional Council has made a great
contribution to the continuation of our traditional friendship in
the right course,” Davutoglu said.

“We hope that this ruling will be a lesson to those who attempt to
forge a political leverage over histories of societies,” the foreign
minister said.

He added that the ruling also contributed to the establishment of an
open platform where historical issues could be discussed more freely,
noting that it would also help relations between Turkey and Armenia.

French parliament passed the bill last month, which would impose
a 60,530-U.S.-dollar fine and a year in prison on those who deny
that the deaths of over one million Armenians under the Ottoman rule
amounted to “genocide.”

Tensions tainted relations between Paris and Ankara, which rejects
the term “genocide,” insisting that the killed Armenians were victims
of widespread chaos and governmental breakdown as the Ottoman Empire
collapsed before modern Turkey was created.

From: A. Papazian

Ministry Of Foreign Affairs: Official Visit Of The Minister Of Forei

MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS: OFFICIAL VISIT OF THE MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA MR EDWARD NALBANDIAN

Singapore Government News
February 27, 2012 Monday 6:30 AM EST

Singapore, Feb. 27 — Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of
Armenia Mr Edward Nalbandian will make an official visit to Singapore
from 27 to 28 February 2012 at the invitation of Minister for Foreign
Affairs and Minister for Law Mr K Shanmugam. Mr Nalbandian will
be accompanied by officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
of Armenia.

Mr Nalbandian will pay a courtesy call on President Tony Tan Keng
Yam and meet with Minister Shanmugam, who will host an official dinner.

While in Singapore, Mr Nalbandian will also visit the Armenian
Apostolic Church of St. Gregory the Illuminator, where he will meet
with the Armenian community in Singapore.

From: A. Papazian

Sumgait Massacre Commemorated In US Congress

SUMGAIT MASSACRE COMMEMORATED IN US CONGRESS

Panorama.am
01/03/2012

The 24th anniversary of Sumgait massacre has been commemorated in
US Congress. Congressmen A. Schiff, F. Pallone and others delivered
remarks to the plenary session of House of Representatives.

MFA press and information department reported C-SPAN TV station
broadcasting Congress activities has also televised the session.

The Congressmen have condemned slaughters of Armenians in Sumgait,
Baku and Kirovabad, the growing military expenses, violations of
ceasefire regime, accumulation of armaments and demolishment of Jugha
cross stones.

From: A. Papazian

A New Property Of Recognition Of Genocide

A NEW PROPERTY OF RECOGNITION OF GENOCIDE
Igor Muradyan

Story from Lragir.am News:

Published: 12:32:13 – 02/03/2012

It would be too delicate and modest to use the expression “it seems”
since it is already necessary to state firmly and meaningfully that
the genocide is a method of world politics to achieve goals of leading
or other countries.

If a genocide becomes a really officially condemned fact and is given
a political and legal assessment, it will lead to the collapse of the
policy of at least the world powers and their partners. A consequence
of the recognition of the genocide is multi-billion dollar compensation
and creation of nation states.

Currently, there is a consensus among the great powers to subvert
the policy of the international recognition of genocide. The U.S. and
Russia, being in a confrontation, agree on this issue. Nonetheless,
the world’s political and economic elite is collapsing and falling
to pieces day by day.

A number of signs of disorganization of the world elite are visible.

New elite groups in terms of their type and ideology emerge, and it
also relates to the “left project” and the “right tradition”.

Moreover, there are elites which stand on the old and irrelevant fray,
putting forward new ideas of economic and political organization of
the international community.

In general, the principled alternative arises which announced the
return of the conservative-revolutionary values and principles based
on the achievements of the scientific-technical revolutions. It is
clear that this reality denies the reality of the virtual target
and prefers tangible tasks that are formed and integrated into some
new strategies. These realities are rejected also by the American
and European social, economic and political models, and are closely
linked to the radical transformation of the world.

It is necessary to understand that the Jewish Holocaust functioned as
a framework for the creation and security of Israel. Holocaust was a
methods of control over Europe as it limits the radical nationalistic
ideologies inherent to Europe. Holocaust, like any other ideology
referring to exclusivity became the Scourge of God for Israel as
a state.

The Armenian nation assumed the historical mission of excluding
the genocidal policy, and the old elites understand how dangerous
this policy is for them, the policy and nothing else. As long as the
Armenian genocide was a subject of folklore, its idea was tolerable
and was perceived by the great powers as talks of “poor Armenians”.

Now the Armenian genocide has become a factor of geopolitics, more
exactly it is a poorly controlled factor which is extremely dangerous.

There is no doubt that the traditionally right elite which has outlived
its era is unable to fend off the real and grounded argumentation,
remaining a supporter of the existing system of values.

It is impossible to believe that the decision to undermine the
recognition of the genocide is accepted in a formal manner by
government officials. I have met very interesting people on both
sides of the ocean who explained in detail what the mechanisms to
undermine the process of recognition of the genocide are.

It is time to take such things as necessity to integrate into the
world elite, as well as fulfillment of serious motivations related
to the geopolitical transformations of the modern world. Indeed,
the Armenian world structure achieved the impossible thing, turning
the virtual topic into an important geopolitical factor. This was
achieved in conditions of not so streamlined and efficient system
of organization. The Armenians, like the Greeks or Scottish people
and many others, do not have corporate factors like the ones Turkey
has but under these conditions, the process of the international
recognition of the genocide is now based on a lot of interests in
different countries and societies.

It is necessary to note that the ideas on the essence of the American
and Turkish relations are the same. Despite the seeming “honeymoon”
of the U.S. and Turkey, their relations are worsening, and the U.S.
continues the multi-direction policy of repression of Turkey as an
expansionist country. Hence, even under such horrible attitude of the
U.S. administration to the Armenian genocide, the Armenian factor is
still an important lever for the U.S. strategy in the region.

At present, Secretary Clinton is not only a leading lobbyist of
Turkey but also top manager of the subversion of the international
recognition of the genocide. It would be more acceptable to appeal to
Monica Lewinski for the genocide issue rather than Hillary Clinton. At
least, she had more influence on the former Democrat president. The
subversion of the recognition of the Armenian genocide became one of
the few successful political initiatives of Obama administration.

From: A. Papazian

http://www.lragir.am/engsrc/comments25318.html

ISTANBUL: Genocide Bill Rejection Saves Turco-French Ties, For Now

GENOCIDE BILL REJECTION SAVES TURCO-FRENCH TIES, FOR NOW

Today’s Zaman
March 1 2012
Turkey

Turkish-French relations were saved from further deterioration
following the ruling by France’s Constitutional Council on Tuesday
that a recent bill criminalizing the denial of Armenian claims of
genocide violated the constitution as problems on the bilateral
relations lingers on mainly stemming from the French president’s
staunch opposition to Turkey’s EU membership, political observers said.

The 11-member Constitutional Council on Tuesday overturned a
controversial bill that criminalizes denying that the 1915 killings
of Armenians at the hands of Ottoman Empire constituted genocide. The
council began to examine legality of the legislation of the last month
after 77 senators from across the political divide made the appeal
to the court. Another 65 lawmakers in the lower house, the National
Assembly, agreed to the appeal. In a statement, the council ruled
that the law ran against the principles of freedom of expression
written into France’s founding documents. “The annulment of the
Armenian genocide bill could mean that Turkish-French bilateral
relations won’t get worse in the future. However, it does not mean
all the tension between the two is now over,” Zeynep Songulen İnanc,
a Turkey-EU relations expert at the Institute of Strategic Thinking
(SDE), told Today’s Zaman on Wednesday.

“That the Armenian genocide bill managed to attract wide support from
both the left and right of the French political spectrum is the result
of more profound problems between the two countries,” İnanc stated,
also mentioning that the most apparent problems are France’s ardent
opposition to Turkey’s EU accession process and the rivalry of the
two countries for the influence in Middle East politics. Ercument
Tezcan, professor at the international relations department at Turkey’s
Galatasaray University, giving French education, agreed with İnanc,
saying that the Armenian genocide bill in France was not surprising
considering other problems stemming from the rivalry between France
and Turkey in the Middle East.

“Turkey’s active involvement in the Middle Eastern affairs recently
[after the Arab Spring] has disturbed other stakeholders engaged with
the region, including France,” Tezcan told Today’s Zaman.

Tezcan also indicated that the annulment of the bill will not dissuade
French politicians to heat up the Armenian genocide issue again. “As
the old problems between France and Turkey remain, we will see that
the new initiatives will come up, either by [French President Nicolas]
Sarkozy or the new administration that will come to power after the
elections between April-May 2012,” he asserted.

In a related development, Sarkozy on Tuesday asked his government to
draft a new version of the genocide-denial law after it was struck
down as unconstitutional. “He [Sarkozy] has asked the government
to prepare a new draft taking into account the decision of the
Constitutional Council,” his office wrote in a statement. The French
president previously said he would prepare a new initiative should
the bill be deemed unconstitutional on Jan. 31, when a group of French
parliamentarians appealed it.

French media reported on Tuesday that even if Sarkozy presents such
a new draft bill that allegedly would please its Armenian-descent
supporters in France, he will not have enough time to get it ratified
by both the French assembly and the senate given the parliamentary
recess for the April-May presidential election.

Paul Cassia, a French law professor at France’s Sorbonne University,
claimed that the French council’s decision will put an end to the
discussions, making it a precedent for “political institutions to make
laws on historical issues” that should be addressed by historians. He
suggested that should Sarkozy decide present a new initiative it
would be “unfortunate.”

Responding to Sarkozy’s remarks, Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet
Davutoglu said in his televised remarks on Tuesday that “Sarkozy
already pushed his chances too hard and if he tries that again he
will start a war on French culture and the French rule of law. It
would be most unfortunate for him to challenge a ruling passed by
such a high level authority as the Constitutional Council.”

Å~^anlıurfa deputy Mehmet Kasım Gurpınar, head of the defunct
inter-parliamentary France-Justice and Development Party (AK Party)
friendship group, said that the real cause behind such an “unfortunate”
bill is the hostility of Sarkozy’s government towards Turkey. “There
would be no hesitation to review and normalize the relation between
the two countries if the Sarkozy government is replaced by another
[government] after the French elections,” Gurpınar told Today’s Zaman.

Furthermore, Gurpınar said that the reestablishment of the
Turkey-France Inter-parliamentary Group seems very likely, as the
bill that harmed bilateral relations has been annulled.

On Dec. 23, one day after the lower house of the French Parliament
approved the bill, Turkey responded by withdrawing from the
Turkey-France Inter-parliamentary Group.

Speaking on Turkish-French bilateral ties, Zeynep Necipoglu, the
president of the Turkish-French Chamber of Commerce, said, “We cannot
claim that there is a clean slate between French and Turkish business
ties. But we can certainly say that it is an important step towards
more positive developments in the future.”

Necipoglu hailed the Turkish lobbying, saying it prevented the bill
from being deemed constitutional. “French parliamentarians from the
National Assembly and Senate were mobilized thanks to Turkish efforts
led by [Turkey’s envoy to France] Tahsin Burcuoglu; otherwise we
would not have succeeded in it [the annulment of the French bill],”
Necipoglu claimed.

“Turkey showed how it could pressure France by placing embargoes in the
event that the [Armenian genocide] bill was deemed constitutional,”
İnanc claimed, saying that Turkish sanctions would have an effect
on French political and business circles, causing France to step back.

In December 2011 Ankara announced the first round of sanctions and
halted military, economic and bilateral ties with France, after the
bill was passed by the lower house of the French parliament, which
is called the French National Assembly. Turkish government officials
warned the French administration under President Nicolas Sarkozy that
more severe sanctions were on the way.

On the other hand, France has delayed inauguration of a Turkish
consulate general in Bordeaux due to Ankara’s strong diplomatic
reaction to the French genocide bill.

French President Nicolas Sarkozy had approved of the inauguration of
Turkish consulates in Bordeaux and Nantes during a one-day visit to
Turkey last year.

Although the two countries have fulfilled the requirements to
inaugurate the consulates, France has delayed inaugurating the Turkish
consul general, who has been appointed to Bordeaux, as a response to
Turkey’s diplomatic reactions to France.

However, Tezcan pointed out that even though Turkish-French diplomatic
ties were significantly severed, Turkey did not contemplate completely
cutting off economic and military ties because it is hard to punish
a state like France. “While the Prime Minister [Recep Tayyip Erdogan]
harshly warned France to avoid tackling the Armenian genocide issue,
another minister indicated that Turkey would always welcome French
investors. This showed that sanctions and boycotts would not be
effective from the very beginning,” Tezcan enunciated.

Economy Minister Zafer Caglayan said in January that French companies
seeking to invest in the Turkish economy are still welcome to do so,
despite strained ties between Turkey and France regarding the bill.

As an EU member, French firms operate with partners from other
countries. For example, Turkish Airlines (THY), which aims to become
a global airline operator, has been planning to buy more aircrafts
from Airbus, which is owned by a French, German, Spanish and British
partnership. A decision not to buy from Airbus would not only hurt
its commercial interests, but also its trade with other partners of
the Airbus consortium.

Also, both Turkey and France are NATO members, meaning that a
partnership between them would probably require considering that
many Middle Eastern countries, including Syria, Libya, Yemen and
Afghanistan are boiling over with conflict.

From: A. Papazian

ANKARA: French Newspaper Says Parliament Not A Court Of History

FRENCH NEWSPAPER SAYS PARLIAMENT NOT A COURT OF HISTORY

Anadolu Agency
March 1 2012
Turkey

A French newspaper said parliaments were not a court of history.

In an article which will be published on Thursday, French Le Monde
newspaper said that parliaments were not history courts, and it
supported the French Constitutional Council’s decision to annul the
law criminalizing the denial of the Armenian allegations regarding
1915 incidents.

The article said the Council completely fulfilled its mission, and
it especially stressed that the law was annulled as it was against
freedom of expression.

The article criticised French President Nicolas Sarkozy as he led
adoption of the law for electoral reasons.

French council, on Tuesday, annulled a law which criminalizes the
denial of Armenian allegations regarding 1915 incidents. The council
said that the law was against freedom of expression and communication.

The annulled law had been penalizing denial of the Armenian allegations
with one-year prison term and fine of 45,000 euro.

From: A. Papazian

Aliyev Lauds French CC Decision To Reject Law On Armenian Genocide

ALIYEV LAUDS FRENCH CC DECISION TO REJECT LAW ON ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

ITAR-TASS
February 29, 2012 Wednesday 03:54 PM GMT+4
Russia

President Ilkham Aliyev lauds a decision by the French Constitutional
Council to reject a law on Armenian genocide.

“Azerbaijani President Ilkham Aliyev welcomes a fair decision taken by
the Constitutional Council of France and considers it a manifestation
of the freedom of the speech and though,” the presidential press
service reported on Wednesday.

The Azerbaijani president praises an address by a group of members
of the French Senate to the Constitutional Council and the French
public to reject a law, which envisages bringing to responsibility for
“denying Armenian genocide”.

Aliyev also “expresses gratitude to all people who have similar views”.

From: A. Papazian

Armenian Ambassador, Canadian Speaker Discuss Armenia-Turkey Relatio

ARMENIAN AMBASSADOR, CANADIAN SPEAKER DISCUSS ARMENIA-TURKEY RELATIONS

news.am
March 01, 2012 | 13:49

Armenia’s Ambassador to Canada Armen Yeganyan met with Speaker
of Canadian House of Commons Andrew Scheer to discuss bilateral
relations, inter-parliamentary cooperation, in particular work of
friendship groups.

The Ambassador briefed Canadian official on attempts to normalize
the Armenian-Turkish relations as well as recent developments in the
Karabakh peace process.

Armen Yeganyan stressed that the pace of Karabakh talks is slow due
to non-constructive approach of the Azerbaijani side, Armenian MFA
informs Armenian News-NEWS.am.

Ambassador Yeganyan expressed gratitude to the Canada’s parliament
and government for recognition of the Armenian Genocide.

From: A. Papazian

1,5 Million D’Armeniens Assassines Dans Le Genocide Perpetre Par La

1,5 MILLION D’ARMENIENS ASSASSINES DANS LE GENOCIDE PERPETRE PAR LA TURQUIE OTTOMANE
Jean Eckian

armenews.com
jeudi 1er mars 2012

Environ 1,5 million d’Armeniens ont ete assassines dans le genocide
menee par la Turquie ottomane dans les annees 1914-1916, informe le
site de nouvelles iraniennes parsine.com.

L’auteure de l’article commence par raconter la situation
socio-economique en Armenie occidentale avant le genocide où plus
de trois millions d’Armeniens vivaient sous domination ottomane au
19ème siècle. L’histoire se concentre sur les massacres de Sassoun,
en 1890-1892, a Istanbul en 1896 et Adana en 1902. Au cours de ces
massacres de plus de 300 000 Armeniens ont ete tues.

Se referant aux massacres realises au cours de la première guerre
mondiale, Mona Doran, mentionne que les Armeniens entre 16 et 51 ans
ont ete recrutes pour le service militaire, mais plus tard ont ete
assassines. En 1915 les Armeniens ont ete contraints de migrer vers
les deserts de Syrie et de Mesopotamie.

Le Ministre de l’interieur Talaat pacha avait ordonne de tuer tous les
Armeniens. Il a ordonne de ne pas sympathiser meme avec les enfants.

Les Turcs ont commence par tuer les intellectuels armeniens, puis
brûler vifs les gens dans leurs habitations, tuer les enfants ou de
les jeter dans le fleuve.

Plusieurs titres de presse iraniens auraient publie l’historique du
genocide des Armeniens.

From: A. Papazian