AZERBAIJAN REARMS
Strategy Page
March 1 2011
Azerbaijan is buying 24 Mi-35M helicopter gunships from Russia. The
Mi-35 is the export version of the most recent upgrade of the Mi-24.
This is a twelve ton helicopter gunship that also has a cargo area that
can hold up to eight people, or four stretchers. The Mi-35M can carry
up to 2.4 tons of rockets, missiles bombs, as well as an automatic
cannon. It is used by over thirty countries, and has a pretty good
reputation for reliability. The Mi-24 design is based on the earlier
Mi-8 transport helicopter. The “M” model is equipped with Western
sensors and avionics and can operate at night and in all weather. The
Mi-35M has a top speed of 310 kilometers an hour and cruises at 260
kilometers an hour. Typical sorties are about three hours long.
This purchase is the result of the oil rich Turkic nation of Azerbaijan
increasing its defense budget 87 percent, to $3.1 billion.
Nearly half the budget will be spent to modernize the armed forces.
Located on the Caspian Sea, in the Caucasus, Azerbaijan was part of
the Soviet Union until 1991, and much of its military equipment is of
Cold War vintage. Azerbaijan is mostly Moslem, and has some serious
territorial disputes with its Christian neighbor, Armenia. The two
countries have been at each other’s throats for nearly two decades
because of a land dispute. Although Azerbaijan has three times more
people and much more money (because of the oil), the Armenians are
better soldiers, and the dispute has been stalemated. Azerbaijan has
a population of nine million and a GDP of $43 billion compared to
3.2 million for Armenia and GDP of $8.7 billion. There are over nine
million Armenians worldwide (including the 3.2 million in Armenia),
making it clear that most Armenians want to be anywhere but Armenia.
But not everyone could get out. Moreover, Armenians have been in
Armenia for over 3,000 years, but there is a certain attachment to
the place.
Azerbaijan is determined to reverse this string of defeats, and this
rivalry has taken some strange turns. Last year, Armenia accused
Azerbaijan of hiring Internet criminal hackers to cripple Armenian
access to the Internet. Apparently, someone in the Azerbaijan
government got familiar with Internet criminal gangs, which have
been quite popular in Russia and Eastern Europe, mainly because of
either no laws against Internet based crime, or lax (or just inept)
law enforcement. Nothing came of this rumored plot.
Back in 2009, Armenia signed a treaty that, in effect, makes it
a protectorate of Russia. The deal extends the lease on a Russian
military base in Armenia from 2020 to 2044. The 3,000 man Russian
force in Armenia may be increased and Russia, in effect, guarantees
Armenia’s security. Armenia needs all the help it can get, as it is a
landlocked Christian nation surrounded by three hostile Moslem states
(Turkey, Azerbaijan and Iran). To the north, there is Georgia which,
while Christian, has its own problems with Russia. This deal makes
any major move against Armenia by Azerbaijan very risky. While the
Russians want to remain friendly with Azerbaijan, they have definitely
taken sides here.
In return for this security, Armenia will have to follow Russia’s
lead in diplomacy, and any other area the Russians feel is important.
Meanwhile, the Russians will provide new weapons and equipment for
the 43,000 troops in the Armenian military, and help arm an even
larger reserve force.
The only active enemy Armenia has at the moment is Azerbaijan. Both
countries continue to disagree over possession of Nagorno-Karabakh,
a 4,400 square kilometer district, full of Armenians, surrounded by
Azerbaijani territory. Technically, there has been a truce between
Armenia and Azerbaijan since 1994. But it has been a hot truce.
Between 1991 and 1994 there was a war between the two countries over
Nagorno-Karabakh, which Armenia won. Some 20,000 people died, and over
a million (400,000 Armenians and 700,000 Azerbaijanis) fled their homes
as Armenia occupied 31,000 square kilometers of Azerbaijani territory,
to connect Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia. Most of the refugees were
from areas dominated by one group, who drove out the minority. Some
40,000 Azerbaijani civilians were driven from Nagorno-Karabakh. The
situation was humiliating for Azerbaijan, who saw it as yet another
example of more powerful and wealthier (via oil fields) Moslems being
defeated by a smaller number of armed and more capable non-Moslems.
The Armenians have survived, although surrounded by Moslems, for
centuries. But the Armenian economy is a disaster, particularly since
Turkey and Azerbaijan have closed their borders with Armenia. Since
the early 1990s, the best educated Armenians have been emigrating.
They join a six million strong community of expatriate Armenians. This
group can raise millions of dollars on short notice, and have provided
the emergency funds when needed for the fighting against Azerbaijan.
Some twelve percent of the 150,000 Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh are
armed and organized to defend the mountainous area, and are backed
up by even more troops in Armenia.
But Azerbaijan is making a serious effort to create an effective
military, and revive their economy. Azeri defeats at the hands
of better trained, led and organized Armenian troops were caused,
in part, by Azerbaijani corruption and double dealing among themselves.
Moreover, the Armenians have a military tradition going back
centuries. The Azeris are working hard to redress the military balance,
thus the Armenian need for a Russian alliance, and the sharp jump in
Azeri military spending. Despite the Armenian alliance, Russia wants
to maintain good relations with Azerbaijan, and even sell it weapons
that, if used against anyone, would be used against Armenians.
From: A. Papazian
http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htproc/articles/20110301.aspx