French Armenians demand to adopt bill condemning denial of Genocide

PanArmenian News
Jan 14 2005

FRENCH ARMENIANS DEMAND TO ADOPT BILL CONDEMNING DENIAL OF ARMENIAN
GENOCIDE

14.01.2005 14:19

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ One of the Armenian organizations of France – VAN
(Armenian vigilance against denial) – is demanding to adopt the
additional second item to the bill on the Armenian Genocide
recognition. This item, in the opinion of the initiators, should
state active or passive denial of the genocide as a punishable
offence. January 25 members of the initiative group will give a press
conference in one of the halls of the French National Assembly.

ARKA News Agency – 01/14/2005

ARKA News Agency
Jan 14 2005

Staff changes made in RA Government

The U.S. appears to be gaining influence in Armenia – Human Rights
Watch report

Armenia still has no full freedom of speech – Human Rights Watch
report

Process of Nagorno Karabakh settlement developed irregularly in 2004
– Armenian Foreign Ministry

Trade turnover between Russia and Armenia makes USD 169.3 mln for ten
months of 2004 – Armenian Foreign Ministry

EIF to represent Armenia at CeBIT 2005 international ICT expo

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STAFF CHANGES MADE IN RA GOVERNMENT

YEREVAN, January 14. /ARKA/. Staff changes made in RA Government. In
accordance to RA President’s decree Gegham Garibdjanian was appointed
on the position of Deputy Foreign Minister.
Newly appointed deputy minister in the end of 2004 completed his
six-year mission of RA Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
to Iran. L.D. –0 –

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THE U.S. APPEARS TO BE GAINING INFLUENCE IN ARMENIA – HUMAN RIGHTS
WATCH REPORT

YEREVAN, January 14. /ARKA/. The U.S. appears to be gaining influence
in Armenia, which traditionally has looked to Russia for military and
economic ties. The U.S. increased military aid and cooperation and,
after initially refusing to involve itself, in 2004 Armenia agreed to
send a small contingent of non-combatant military personnel to Iraq.
The U.S. also designated Armenia as one of sixteen countries to be
eligible for a multi-million dollar aid program called the Millennium
Challenge Account. The U.S. stated that the flow of money was
dependent on improvements in Armenia’s human rights record.
The Council of Europe effectively engaged Armenia to roll back some
of the government’s more authoritarian practices in 2004. The council
continued its scrutiny of Armenia’s post-accession obligations,
noting progress in complying with some commitments, such as abolition
of the death penalty, while expressing disappointment in other areas,
such as the conduct of the 2003 elections. In April, the council’s
Parliamentary Assembly passed a resolution under an urgent procedure,
expressing concern about the government crackdown against opposition
supporters that month. Armenia responded by releasing the opposition
supporters who were in custody on criminal charges and dropping the
charges against many of them.
In September 2004, the European Union and Armenia met under the
framework of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement.
Unfortunately, the E.U. failed to use this forum publicly to
encourage human rights improvements, issuing a press release that did
not raise human rights concerns. In a step that could increase the
ability of the E.U. to influence Armenia on human rights, it included
Armenia in its European Neighborhood Policy, giving privileged ties
with the bloc. Officials warned that economic benefits would not flow
until at least 2007, when Armenia will have to have negotiated action
plans on economic and political reforms. L.D. -0 –

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ARMENIA STILL HAS NO FULL FREEDOM OF SPEECH – HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH
REPORT

YEREVAN, January 14. /ARKA/. Although Armenia has a significant
independent and opposition print media, the government continued to
restrict full media freedom in the country. On April 5, 2004, the
Russian television channel NTV had its broadcasting suspended
throughout the country, after broadcasting footage of opposition
protests. The official reason given for the suspension was `technical
problems.’ By the end of September, NTV had not resumed broadcasting
and the government had given its broadcasting frequency to another
Russian channel that does not do news programming. In October,
Kentron, a private Armenian television station, cancelled a Radio
Free Europe and Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) news and analysis program
three days after it began broadcasts. RFE/RL believed that a
high-level government official had forced the cancellation. Local
NGOs continue a campaign for broadcasting rights for A1+ television,
which had been a highly popular and independent channel. The national
broadcasting commission remains steadfast, however, refusing to grant
licenses to A1+ and Noyan Tapan television channels, which were shut
down in 2002 and 2001 respectively. L.D. -0–

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PROCESS OF NAGORNO KARABAKH SETTLEMENT DEVELOPED IRREGULARLY IN 2004
– ARMENIAN FOREIGN MINISTRY

YEREVAN, January 14. /ARKA/. The process of Nagorno Karabakh conflict
settlement developed irregularly in 2004, as Press and Information
Department of the Armenian Foreign Ministry reports this is stated in
report of Deputy Russian Foreign Minister Valery Loshchinin
summarizing Russian foreign policy in 2004. According to the report,
the meeting between Armenian and Azerbaijani Presidents Robert
Kocharian and Ilham Aliyev organized by Co-Chairs of the OSCE Minsk
Group (Russia, USA, France) in April in Warsaw enable after a year
and half pause to re-launch negotiations between the sides. Since May
thru August four rounds of consultations under aegis of Co-Chairs
were held four rounds of consultations between two countries Foreign
Ministers. As a result of Prague consultations were outlined
perspective opportunities of solution of the most difficult issues of
the Nagorno-Karabakh settlement that were presented to Armenian and
Azerbaijani Presidents reviews.
The report mentions that the topic of the conflict settlement was
discussed by the Russian President Vladimir Putin during repeated
conversations with Armenian and Azerbaijani Presidents. It was
permanently present in agenda of the Russian Foreign Minister Sergey
Lavrov’s with Foreign Minister of both countries. Russia was calling
constantly the sides on responsible and flexible behavior, convincing
them that only own efforts of the countries may bring to the mutually
acceptable solution. During the contacts the Russian position that
mediator efforts of Co-Chairs may only promote the sides to find a
compromise, was repeatedly stressed. During Astana three-lateral
summit with participation of Russian President on September 15 both
countries Presidents agreed to take time-out until the end of October
2004. However on October 14 Baku initiated inclusion in the agenda of
the 59th session of the UN General Assembly the issue on situation on
the occupied lands of Azerbaijan that hindered the prompt resume of
the negotiating process.
According to the Russian Foreign Ministry the situation was possible
to clear in the beginning of December as a result of meeting of
Co-Chairs with Armenian and Azerbaijani Foreign Ministers in Sofia
and Brussels, during which Baku promised not to put to voting its
resolution project, while Yerevan agreed with support of sending a
mission in end of January-early February of 2005 to the `occupied
lands’ around Nagorno Karabakh that would seek, if any facts related
to settlements on the territories with participation of the OSCE
Minsk Group country representatives. At the same time the sides
agreed to resume Prague talks on discussion of various elements of
the conflict settlements, the reguilar round of which was held on 11
January, 2005. T.M. -0–

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TRADE TURNOVER BETWEEN RUSSIA AND ARMENIA MAKES USD 169.3 MLN FOR TEN
MONTHS OF 2004 – ARMENIAN FOREIGN MINISTRY

YEREVAN, January 14. /ARKA/. The trade turnover between Russia and
Armenia makes USD 169.3 mln for ten months of 2004. As Press and
Information Department of the Armenian Foreign Ministry reports this
is stated in report of Deputy Russian Foreign Minister Valery
Loshchinin summarizing Russian foreign policy in 2004. According to
the report Russian-Armenian relations in 2004 acquired a new dynamics
and were characterized by more active contacts on highest and high
levels. During the year Russian and Armenian Presidents had five
meetings. Activity of Russian-Armenian Intergovernmental Committee on
Economic Affairs resumed its activity: its Co-Chairs held a meeting
in October in Yerevan, while holding of the sixth meeting is
scheduled in late December in Moscow. `We revealed new directions of
mutual business cooperation: banking investments. Russia maintained
the position of the key trade partner and investor in Armenia’, the
report mentions. According to the Armenian Foreign Ministry the sides
also were developing successful relations in humanities sphere. To
improve the education sphere, Russian and Armenian Education
Ministries signed agreement on cooperation.
To mention according to Armenian National Statistical Service, trade
turnover between Armenia and Russia in January-October 2004 made USD
206.7 mln (export – USD 65566.8 thou., import – USD 141117.4 thou.),
versus USD 245.5 mln for the same period in 2003 (export – USD
75456.1 thou., import – USD 170068.3 thou.) T.M. -0–

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EIF TO REPRESENT ARMENIA AT CEBIT 2005 INTERNATIONAL ICT EXPO

YEREVAN, January 14. /ARKA/. Enterprises Incubator Fund EIF will
present Armenian IT industry at CeBIT 2005 largest international ICT
expo to be held in Hanover (Germany) from March 10 to 16th, 2005. The
press release of the Fund says that Armenian booth (21 sq. meter, two
open sides) will be located in Hall 8 dedicated to outsourcing.
Enterprises Incubator Foundation was founded by the RA Government
with financial assistance of WB in 2002. The objective of the Fund is
to assist the ICT companies and stimulate economic growth in this
area. The activities of the Fund are aimed at organization of
training courses, implementation of curricula together with higher
education institutions of the republic and providing necessary spaces
for IT companies. L.V. -0–

Sultan Sanjar and Samanid Legacy

NewsCentralAsia, Asia
Jan 14 2005

Sultan Sanjar and Samanid Legacy

Dr. M. Salim

Seljuks were Turks and their ancestry can be traced back to Oghuz
tribe of 10th century A.D. They were nomadic people populating north
of Aral Sea and to the east of Caspian Sea. Seljuk chief with his
followers in the middle of 10th century moved to the Syr Darya and
were knocking the doors of Islamic state of Samanids. Hence they
embraced Islam and cross cultural currents began to diffuse from west
to east in to Central Asia. Seljuks were the prime source of manpower
to defend Samanid Amirs. Later Samanid legacy ended giving rise to
three Turkic Muslim states, the Ghaznavids south of Amu Darya, the
Seljuks in southern Turkmenistan and Kara-khanids north of Amu Darya.
They were Turkic minorities ruling over majority of Iranian speaking
subjects.

One of the great Turk leader conqueror and patron of arts ruled
Khurasan, Turkmenistan and north Afghanistan. He was a Seljuk Turk
having control over north Persia and glorified their rule in this
part of Central Asia for over six decades. As one of the powerful
leader Sanjar in Turkish means `one who pierces’ a legacy, later
adopted by many Mughal princes in the Pak subcontinent. He was Sutan
B. Malik Shah born in 1086AD and died in 1157. He was appointed in
1097 as governor of Khurasan by his half brother Berk-Yaruk. Later
after death of Malik Shah, He was recognized as Al-Sultan Al-Muazzam.
His political career passed through ruling Karakhanids and appointed
various Karakhanid nominees around Samarkand. Than in 1117 defeated
Arslan Shah and placed his other Bahram Shah at Ghazna throne and
their alliance which lasted for thirty years.

Sanjar’s rule apart from neighbouring Persia and east, he conducted
his state affairs at Merv with his viziers with Diwani ala
overlooking administration affairs of the state. These were done by
the help of vizier such as Nizam-al-Mulk Hasan (1152) and Toghan Beg
(1124). These including Arab, Persian and Turkish viziers. Under
Sanjar, Nizam-Ul-Mulk was a grand vizier and a good administrater to
control Iranian speaking farmers and citizens.

While Sanjar was in power in Khurasan he was concerned with the
Ghaznavid rule in the east with whom peace was made resulting in the
cultural contacts such as in coinage and literature. Merv was the hub
of Seljuk empire in arts, crafts, culture and literature, poets Omar
Khayyam, Jurjani and the Nizami are a few to mention.

The Ghaznavid supremacy was broken by the Seljuks in 1040 at
Dandanaqan Merv Oasis resulting in the more territories . Armenia and
Iraq became the part of Seljuk empire and Merv became their capital.

The arts, culture, literature and architectural remains after
Samanids in the 10th century to the Mongol invasion in 1220 indicate
multicultural approach and variable tendencies of fusion from east to
west and south to north. Much more could have survived, but the
devastation caused by Mongol invasion left little remains. At Merv
there were twelve libraries and many cities were left in ruins.
Sanjar’s legacy left architecture with bricks and wood and bricks in
a monochrome design, stucco decoration with figures and wall
paintings have survived.

One of the main architectural decoration till today are the wooden
columns with very fine intricate designs of floral and geometric
nature such as at Khiva Friday mosque. These designs were based as
traditional motifs carved on wood façade of important buildings with
semicolumns of bricks in Turkmenistan and in the east mountains. The
mosque at Mashad-I-Misrian had a terracotta decoration. Other
important features were the caravanserais along the main and silk
routes.

The most important and dominating tomb is of Sultan Sanjar with a
square plan and side being 27m. It is 38m high. The elevated tomb is
a characteristic of Sanjar’s time and this style is evident in Lal
Mahra Sharif tombs in Pakistan. The square base of the tombs is
supported by secondary storey with a series of niches and a dome on
the top.

Other monuments of Sanjar’s time is the fort known as Sultan Qala
being the centre of Suljuk supremacy and charm of the Seljuk Capital.
This Qala covered about 4 square kms with a 15m high wall for
protection with a ditch. There was a palace area, a library and
barracks. In the Shahristan was a Friday mosque and Sanjar’s tomb. To
the west of this Qala were Mazar Mohammad b. Said and Mazar Yusif
Hamdani.

Sanjars legacy is reflected in Pakistan. These are Interesting tombs
in the Gomal valley of NWFP at Lal Mahra Sharif. This tradition
portrays Central Asia architecture with affilities to Sanjar’s
architectural style. These mark the beginning of tomb architecture in
Pakistan. The style evolved may be after struggle between Ghaznavids
or Hindu Shahis. Chira tomb No. 1 is rectangular in plan with 7.40 x
6.20m and with a present height of 5.70m with tapering walls. The
dome has completely collapsed. There are few pointed arched
entrances. There was a zone of transition from square chamber to the
base of drum with possible squinches.

The Plain brick style architecture reminds us the characteristics of
Sanjar tomb that must have influenced this style. As the soldiers,
traders and rulers exerted their influence in NWFP.

Multan is another important city with sufi tombs inheriting Central
Asian influence. The example can be given of tomb of Baha al-Din
Zakariya (1171-1262). The tomb has been constructed in three stages
with a total height of 77 feet. The lower storey has rectangular plan
with entrance of pointed arches. The second storey is octagonal built
on a zone of transition with squinches. The dome on top is
hemispherical. This tomb reflects a tradition of Sanjars’ time, as
the sufi traveled from Central Asian to Indo-Pakistan subcontinent.

Samanid Legacy in Pakistan.

1. End of the (Hindu) Turkshahi rule in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

2. Reunification of Pakistan under the Ghaznavids with the foundation
of Lahore as the Muslim capital.

3. Introduction of Persian as the language of the court and of the
elite. Rise of Lahori Persian poets.

4. Introduction of Islam by Sufi Saints foam Central Asia. Sufistic
Islam gains momentum.

5. Samanid architecture in Pakistan.

6. Samanid decoration of Glazed tiles. New schools of glazed tiles
started in Multan and Sindh.

7. Samanid Bukhara and Lahore as twin cities.

8. Scientist like Alberuni came to Pakistan, his stay in Nandana and
his experiment in measuring longitudes of the earth.

9. New ethnic movement of Turks, their settlement in Peshawar,
Taxila, Lahore, Multan and Sindh.

10. Introduction of new arts and crafts paper manufacture and Arabic
writing, new kind of China ware imported from Bokhara. Turks replace
Huns and introduce their own system, food, dress, and headgear.
Turkification of Pakistan.

End notes:

Sevim, A. & Bosworth, C.E.1998 The Seljuqs and the Khwarazm Shahs.
History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Vol.IV. pp. 145-175.
Unesco. Paris.

Dani, A.H.1993 New light on Central Asia. Sang-e-Meel Publications,
Lahore.

Brentjes, B. 1993 Islamic Art and Architecture in Central Asia.
Journal of Central Asia. 16(1+2): 19-25. Islamabad.

Ali, Taj. 1988. Anonymous tombs in the Gomal Valley, and the
beginning of tomb architecture in Pakistan. Memoirs No.4. Department
of Archeology, University of Peshawar.

Khan, A.N. 1983. Multan History and Architecture. Islamic University,
Islamabad. P.193.

About the author: Dr. M. Salim is an Associate Professor at the
Taxila Institute of Asian Civilizations, Quaid-i-Azam University,
Islamabad, Pakistan. He read this paper at a seminar held in Ashgabat
a couple of months ago.

Improving Turkish-Russian Relations

roving-turkish-russian.html

January 12, 2005
Article | Improving Turkish-Russian Relations

Mavi Boncuk
Analysis of Near East Policy from the scholars and associates of THE WASHINGTON
INSTITUTE
942 January 12, 2005

Improving Turkish-Russian Relations: Turkey’s New Foreign Policy and Its
Implications for the United States

By Soner Cagaptay and Nazli Gencsoy

Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan finished his three-day visit to
Moscow today. This trip follows Russian president Vladimir Putin’s December
2004 Turkey trip, the first by a Russian head of state since Russia and the
Ottoman Empire established relations in the fifteenth century – excluding a 1972
sojourn by Nikolai Podgorny, the titular head of state of the former Soviet
Union. Although Erdogan’s visit fell short of finalizing a number of pipeline
construction and gas export deals, twin Putin-Erdogan visits herald a new era
of improved Turkish-Russian relations. What is the background of this
development, and what are its implications for the U.S.?

Background: Conflictual Relations. During the Cold War and in the 1990s,
Turkish-Russian relations were characterized by tension. Throughout the Cold
War, Turkey, which was on NATO’s southern flank against the Soviet Union, was
suspicious of Moscow, which asked for control of the Turkish Straits (Bosporus
and Dardanelles) in 1946. In the early 1990s, as the Soviet Union fell apart,
Turkey acted to fill the power vacuum in Central Asia and the Caucasus by
developing close ties with Georgia and Azerbaijan. Russia, on the other hand,
supported Armenia in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict against Azerbaijan while
backing separatist movements in Georgia. These policies put the two countries
at odds. Along the same pattern, Turkey’s sympathy for Chechen rebels in the
1990s coincided with Russia becoming a safe haven for the Kurdish terrorist
group the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).

Cooperation in the Present Decade: Booming Economic Ties. Over the last few
years, however, Russia and Turkey have shifted their mutual foreign policy,
paving the way to the twin visits. Booming trade is a sign of improved
relations between the two countries. For the first eleven months of 2004,
Russian-Turkish trade was worth $9.4 billion, 50 percent more than in 2003.
Gas and oil deals: Natural gas constitutes around 68 percent of Russian exports
to Turkey, which imports 70 percent of its gas from Russia and is the second
largest consumer of Russian gas after Germany. In December 1997, Turkey and
Russia signed an agreement establishing the Blue Stream Pipeline to operate
between the two countries and transfer 565 billion cubic feet per year of
Russian natural gas. The Blue Stream pipeline started operating in 2003;
however, a disagreement between the two countries about the exact price of gas
remains.

Pillars of the New Turkish-Russian Relationship: the View from Ankara. During
Putin’s visit to Turkey, Ankara and Moscow signed six agreements for
cooperation in the defense and energy industries. In addition, the two
countries issued a declaration for `deepening friendship and multidimensional
partnership.’ From Ankara’s perspective, together with the personal
relationship between Erdogan and Putin, the following factors are facilitating
better relations with Russia.
North-south axis on the energy corridor: With the construction of the
Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, which will start operating this year, Turkey is
now a key country on the east-west axis of the energy corridor between Central
Asia and the Mediterranean. Ankara now aspires to become a player on the
north-south energy axis from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. A major
Turkish concern regarding the transfer of oil from the Black Sea is the
bottleneck in the Bosporus, a narrow zigzagging waterway half a mile wide.
Increased tanker traffic through the Bosporus may lead to catastrophic
accidents and environmental disasters for downtown Istanbul on this waterway.
Accordingly, the following pipelines bypassing the Bosporus are now being
discussed:
– Trans-Thrace pipeline – would transfer oil from Kiyikoy, on the Black Sea coast
of Turkish Thrace, to Kibrikbaba on the Saros Gulf in the northern Aegean. The
pipeline, with the ability to transport 60 million tons per year, would be
approximately 193 kilometers long. Together with loading facilities it would
cost around $900 million. Russia supports this project despite concerns from
Turkey over potential tanker traffic in the environmentally sensitive Saros
Gulf.
– Samsun-Kirikkale-Ceyhan pipeline – would transfer Russian oil across Turkey,
from Samsun on the Black Sea coast to Yumurtalik (Ceyhan) on the Mediterranean.
The project, favored by Ankara, would cost an estimated $1 billion and would be
510 kilometers long.
Business lobbies’ interest in Russia: Many business groups benefiting from
booming bilateral trade, including those in the construction, retail, banking,
telecommunications, food and beverage, glass, and machinery industries are
pushing for stronger political ties with Moscow – with more than 600 businessmen
accompanying Erdogan – to increase their access to the Russian market, and take
advantage of the awaiting energy deals.
Cooperation in the War on Terror in Chechnya: In the 1990s, Russia often accused
Ankara of ignoring the activities of Chechen activists who used Turkey, home to
large immigrant communities from the north Caucasus, including Chechnya, as a
safe haven. In a gesture before Putin’s visit, the Istanbul police detained
twelve people believed to be Chechen militants. In return, Russia is now
examining Turkish demands to put the PKK on its list of terrorist groups.

Concrete Progress? Despite the latest developments, including closer ties on
Black Sea security issues (See PolicyWatch no. 924) and the announcement that
the two countries will conduct joint naval exercises in the Black Sea this
year – the litmus test of the improved relationship will be the answers to the
following questions: Will Turkey and Russia build genuine cooperation in the
war on terror? Will Putin’s rhetoric espousing the Turkish position in Cyprus
turn into actual support? Less likely, will Ankara switch to Russian arms in
place of Western and U.S. arms? On the energy front, will the two countries
finally agree on the price of Blue Stream gas, and will Russia opt for an
east-west trans-Balkan pipeline, bypassing the Bosporus and pipelines in
Turkey?

Improved Ties with Russia: Ankara’s New Foreign Policy. There would need to be
concrete foreign policy steps before the improvement in Turkish-Russian
relations constituted a full-fledged rapprochement. The following factors
behind this development are, nevertheless, important as the leitmotifs of
current Turkish foreign policy:
– `Neighborhood policy’: Since 1999, when the European Union (EU) declared
Turkey’s candidacy for membership, Ankara has strived to establish better
relations with its neighbors based on the EU notion of a `neighborhood policy.’
After significantly improving ties with Syria, Iran (see PolicyWatch no. 825),
and Greece – with which it had mostly poor relations in the 1990s – Ankara is now
intent on developing good ties with Russia.
– Foreign policy portfolio diversification: Most circles in Ankara believe that
unlike the EU or the United States, Russia treats Turkey as an equal partner.
They see enhanced relations with Russia as a counterweight to ties with the EU
and the United States, should Ankara run into problems with Washington with
regard to the war in Iraq or with Brussels during EU accession talks.
– `Strategic depth’: Based on the `strategic depth’ concept favored by the
Justice and Development Party (AKP) government, which states that Turkey will
become more powerful only if it develops better relations with its non-Western
neighbors (including Iran, Syria, and Russia), Ankara sees improved ties with
Russia in its interest.

Implications for the United States. As Washington becomes more engaged in
Turkey’s Middle Eastern and Eurasian neighborhoods, Turkey seems increasingly
eager to diversify its foreign policy portfolio while acting independently from
the United States. This orientation is likely to persist so long as the Iraq
issue separates Ankara and Washington, a factor that leads Turkey to look for
ways of complementing its relationship with the United States.

Soner Cagaptay is a senior fellow and the director of the Turkish Research
Program at The Washington Institute. Nazli Gencsoy, a Dr. Marcia Robbins-Wilf
young scholar, is a research assistant at the Institute.

http://maviboncuk.blogspot.com/2005/01/article-imp

Loulan vanished in sand

Loulan vanished in sand

The Washington Times
January 14, 2005

By Erling Hoh, SPECIAL TO THE WASHINGTON TIMES

“What a wonderful place to stay this must have been,” wrote the Swedish
explorer Sven Hedin during his second visit to the ruins of Loulan, on
the eastern outskirts of China’s Taklamakan Desert in March 1901, seeing
in his mind’s eye the vanished town on the edge of Lake Lop Nor as it
must have looked 22 centuries ago.

He had journeyed earlier to this desolate region in the heart of Asia to
solve the riddle of the shifting Lop Nor, and unexpectedly stumbled on
the ruins of Loulan — an oasis town founded in the second century B.C.
that flourished for 800 years as the capital of the Shanshan kingdom,
described in Chinese historical annals by visitors long ago, before it
vanished into the sand.

The Tarim River gathers its water from the Kunlun Mountains in the
south, the Pamirs in the west and the Tian Shan Mountains in the north,
and flows in an eastward arc along the northern edges of the Taklamakan,
an ancient inland sea, toward the salt marshes of Lop Nor.

In its lifetime, Loulan was situated on the north shore of Lop Nor.
Then, in the fourth century, the Tarim River changed course and Lop Nor
moved south into the desert. Loulan, a town on the Silk Road connecting
China to Europe, was abandoned in the sixth century and slowly erased
from the face of the Earth by centuries of blowing sand.

Chinese silk has been found in the Hallstatt tumulus in Saulgau,
Germany, and in the Kerameikos graves of Athens, both of which date to
the sixth century B.C. “The Silk Road” is a term coined by the German
geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen in the 19th century. Silk must have
begun traveling west soon after it was first produced by the Chinese of
the Shang dynasty (1700 to 1100 B.C.).

The obstacles were formidable. To the southwest lay the Himalaya
Mountains, highest in the world, and the Tibetan Plateau. To the west
lay the world’s second-largest desert, the Taklamakan. The northern
steppes were controlled by hostile Mongols and Xiongnu.

This geographic and political reality channeled traders from central
China along the Gansu corridor to the western extremity of the Great
Wall and the oasis of Dunhuang. There, leaving the Chinese cultural
sphere, traders began a 17-day trek across the waterless, treacherous
Gobi Desert to the next oasis: Loulan — gateway to the Taklamakan.

Archaeologists have found the remains of several human settlements on
the northern and western shores of the old Lop Nor. Intriguingly, they
have discovered that Loulan and other oasis towns on the fringes of the
Taklamakan once were inhabited by people who most closely resemble
present-day Europeans.

In past decades, scores of naturally preserved, freeze-dried mummies
with European features have been unearthed on the edges of the Taklamakan.

One of the most famous, known as “the Beauty of Kroran,” was found by
Chinese archaeologists in 1980 north of the old Lop Nor. Buried about
3,800 years ago, clad in a woolen shroud and leather boots, she was in a
very good state of preservation. Her blondish-brown hair, about 12
inches long, was rolled up in a headdress made of felt over a woven
base, and topped with two goose feathers. With her in the grave were a
comb and a long, narrow straw basket.

In 139 B.C., the Chinese emperor Wudi dispatched his envoy Zhang Qian to
seek an alliance with the Yuezhi people, who lived north of the Oxus
River in present-day Uzbekistan. Sixteen years later, the envoy returned
with news of the riches of Central Asia and “blood-sweating” horses,
which the Chinese subsequently acquired to combat nomadic Xiongnu
raiders in the north.

On his long journey, Zhang passed through Loulan, where he recorded
1,570 households, and 14,100 persons, of whom 2,912 were soldiers. The
land was sandy and salty, and “the people accompany their herds of
animals, following the water and grass. They have donkeys, horses and
many camels. ”

After Zhang’s return, there were about 10 missions per year from the Han
court to Central Asia, and, as traffic on the Silk Road grew, it became
imperative for the Chinese to protect the route from the Xiongnu nomads.

The kingdom of Loulan was caught between the warring parties, and its
king was obliged to send his sons as hostages to both the Xiongnu and
the Chinese. In 77 B.C., at a banquet held in Loulan to greet the
Chinese envoy Fu Jiezi, Chang Gui, the king of Loulan, was stabbed to
death by the envoy’s guards and his severed head was hung from the tower
of the northern gate.

From then on, China asserted greater control over the area. It renamed
the kingdom Shanshan, moved the capital to an area southwest of Loulan,
and stationed a military commander there. In 55 B.C., Shanshan became a
puppet kingdom of Han China.

At Loulan, Hedin, the Swedish explorer of a century ago, excavated the
ruins of several houses, discovered a wooden tablet with Kharosthi
script — an ancient alphabet used to write the north Indian Prakrit
language — and documents of a Chinese official of the fourth century
dealing with various deliveries and the rental of animals.

Hedin also found a wooden Buddhist sculpture that helped scholars
understand the development of Buddhist niche styles in early Chinese
Buddhist art.

In 1906 and 1914, Aurel Stein, a Hungarian-British adventurer, conducted
excavations at Loulan. Among the many interesting objects he recovered
was a small bale of yellow silk, a fragment of a wool pile carpet, and
architectural wood carvings decorated in the Gandhara style.

Stein also investigated the remnants of the main site’s defensive wall
— a square with sides more than 1,000 feet long, about 20 feet wide at
the base, made in the traditional Chinese method of packed earth mixed
with reed straw.

In 1979 and 1980, a Chinese expedition collected 797 objects from the
Loulan area, among them many Mesolithic stone tools, wooden vessels,
bronze objects, jewelry and coins.

Within the remains of the town wall, the Chinese archaeologists
discovered remnants of a man-made canal, 55 feet wide and 15 feet deep,
running diagonally through the town from northwest to southeast. In the
northeast corner of the town, the archeologists surveyed a stupa — a
dome-shaped Buddhist shrine — of packed earth that rises 32 feet above
the ground.

And in the southeast corner, the team again sifted through the remains
of the Chinese official’s residence — a three-room house measuring 41
by 28 feet, with sturdy wooden pillars.

Most recently, an expedition to the Loulan region in 2003 by the
Xinjiang Archaeological Institute yielded some spectacular objects. The
excavation was conducted 110 miles east of the Loulan ruins at the
Xiaohe No. 5 burial ground, discovered in 1910 and first excavated by
the Swedish archeologist Folke Bergman in 1934.

The burial ground, a large sand mound 115 feet by 245 feet and 25 feet
high, is covered with 140 upright poplar logs and littered with many
more logs that have fallen over.

Near the center of the mound, the archaeologists unearthed yet another
spectacular mummy, naturally preserved through the centuries by the
lucky combination of desert climate and freezing winters. The female
corpse, found in a boat-shaped coffin, was wrapped in a wool blanket,
with a felt hat on her head and leather shoes on her feet.

Although the body has largely disintegrated, her facial features are
eerily intact. Among grave goods were ephedra sticks, a string bracelet
with a hollow jade stone, a leather pouch and a woolen loincloth.

Another intriguing find was a wooden mask painted red with a rather
grotesque nose protruding two inches from the face, and two large teeth.
The mask is decorated with seven strings across the bridge of the nose
and one string over the eyebrows.

In another boat-shaped coffin in the mound near that of the female
corpse was a wooden human figure, also wrapped in a wool blanket, buried
with a bow, arrows and a straw basket.

From Loulan, the oldest part of the Silk Road continues along the
southern edge of the Taklamakan, where archeologists have found several
other ghost towns and important sites called Miran, Charkhlik, Cherchen,
Endere and Niya buried in the desert sands.

The distance from Loulan to Niya, the westernmost town of the Shanshan
kingdom, is about 370 miles. To the west of Niya was the powerful
kingdom of Khotan. As the Taklamakan Desert expanded and water became
increasingly scarce, Niya was abandoned in much the same way as Loulan.

As silk and other precious objects traveled west, Buddhism, having
spread to the Tarim Basin from Bactria in present-day Afghanistan about
2,000 years ago, traveled east, entering China through Loulan and
Dunhuang. The ancient oasis towns on the fringes of the Taklamakan
Desert have all yielded abundant archaeological evidence of a thriving
Buddhist culture, with monasteries, temples, stupas, Buddhist
scriptures, sculptures and art.

Travelers and Buddhist pilgrims in the region from that time reported
that there were hundreds of monasteries and thousands of monks.

In addition to the archaeological remains and the Chinese historical
records, an important source of information regarding the Shanshan
kingdom are documents in Prakrit — dated to the third and fourth
centuries — discovered at Loulan, and above all Niya, where Stein
discovered more than 700 documents.

Prakrit was an administrative language of the Kushan empire, established
by the Yuezhi in Bactria to the west of the Pamir Mountains. In the
second century B.C., the Yuezhi people had been driven out of the Gansu
corridor by the Xiongnu, and were pushed west, where they established
their capital north of the Oxus River.

From there, the Kushan conquered the Indo-Greek empire of Bactria,
taking Kabul sometime after A.D. 25. The Kushan empire reached its
height in the second century — when, some scholars think, it extended
its influence into the Tarim Basin and eventually took control of the
Shanshan kingdom.

Most Prakrit documents found in Loulan and Niya were written on
rectangular wooden tablets, and deal with royal decrees, reports to high
officials, personal correspondence, Buddhist affairs, sales contracts
for land, slaves, and animals, verdicts and decisions, and various
lists. From these inscriptions, scholars have been able to establish the
names of five kings of this second Shanshan kingdom — Pepiya, Tajaka,
Amgvaka, Mahiri and Vasmana.

From 1902 to 1914, the Berlin Ethnological Museum carried out several
expeditions to the region north of the Taklamakan Desert, and took home
documents in 17 languages, written in 24 scripts.

One of the languages was Tocharian. In 1908, the German scholars Emil
Sieg and Wilhelm Siegling published the first successful grammatical
analysis and translation of Tocharian, which was written in the north
Indian Brahmi, the script also used to write Sanskrit. The Tocharian
documents, mostly Buddhist writings, have been dated to the fifth to
seventh centuries.

Interestingly, Tocharian is not as closely related to the neighboring
Indo-European languages — Indo-Aryan and Iranian — as it is to western
Indo-European languages such as Italic and Celtic and the southeastern
branches of Indo-European: Thracian, Phrygian, Greek and Armenian.

The last document found at Loulan has been dated to A.D. 330.

According to the Chinese historian Li Jiangfeng, the final demise of
Loulan was not caused by a sudden change in the course of the Tarim
River, but by gradually diminishing water in the rivers that fed Lop Nor.

From Chinese and the Prakrit documents, we can see how the Loulan
people’s rations of black millet were gradually cut in half. Fees were
imposed for water, and misuse of that vital resource was fined.

According to what may be one of the world’s earliest environmental
protection laws, the fine for cutting down a living tree was a horse.
Finally, however, no political or economic wisdom could prevail against
the forces of nature, and Loulan was buried in sand.

In an ironic postscript to the history of Loulan, the Tarim River again
changed course in 1921, and Lop Nor returned to its northern position.
When Hedin revisited the ruins of Loulan in 1928, the old town was again
by the shore of Lop Nor.

After the Chinese Communist revolution in 1949, irrigated agriculture
and cotton production expanded all along the Tarim River. Several
reservoirs were built, and less and less water reached the river’s
terminal lake. By 1971, Lop Nor no longer existed and today, on
satellite photos, the salt-encrusted lake bed it left behind has the
intriguing appearance of a giant ear.

http://www.washtimes.com/world/20050113-104224-1613r.htm

ASBAREZ Online [01-14-2005]

ASBAREZ ONLINE
TOP STORIES
01/14/2005
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WEBSITE AT <;HTTP://

1) Armenian Insurance Settlement Fund Board Delivers First $3 Million to
Armenian Charities
2) Armenian Refugees Appeal to European Court of Justice
3) Turkish Press Continues to Fabricate Reports on Historians’ Meeting
4) Moscow Hails Progress toward Karabagh Settlement
5) ‘Always Drunk and Asleep Before Me, My Guardian Angel’
6) California Armenian Woman Missing in Thailand
7) UNESCO, Armenia to Celebrate 1600 Years of ABCs
8) $500,000 Raised for USC Armenian Institute in Advance of February 13
Inaugural Gala
9) Ark Family Services Announces New Programs and Services for Youth and
Families.
10) Barnsdall Park to Host Series of Armenian Concert Events
11) Hye Shakar IV Concert to Benefit Juvenile Diabetes in Armenia
12) Hamazkayin Partners With Kennedy Center to Feature ‘Zulal’
in Washington, DC
13) Hagop Hagopian at HARVEST GALLERY
14) GROUNDS FOR SUPERSTITION AND SILLY BEHAVIOR
15) Tidbits from The Diner
16) The Elections Are Coming, The Elections Are Coming!

1) Armenian Insurance Settlement Fund Board Delivers First $3 Million to
Armenian Charities

The Armenian Insurance Settlement Fund Board released the sum of $3 million
last week for distribution to nine Armenian charitable organizations. The
funds
were the first distributions from the proceeds of the settlement in Marootian
v. New York Life Insurance Co.
The Marootian case was a class action suit filed in United States District
Court by the heirs of Armenians who had purchased life insurance from New York
Life in the Ottoman Empire prior to 1915. The heirs contend that upon the
deaths of the policyholders, many of whom were murdered by Turks during the
Armenian genocide, New York Life did not pay the benefits on these policies.
Last year, New York Life agreed to settle the class action suit by paying a
total of $20 million, including up to $11 million for the heirs of the
policyholders, at least $3 million for specified Armenian charities, and $6
million for attorneys’ fees and administrative expenses.
Under the terms of the settlement agreement, the initial $3 million
distribution is to be divided equally by the AGBU, the Armenian Relief
Society,
the Armenian Education Foundation, the Armenian Missionary Association, the
Armenian Catholic Church, both the Eastern and Western Dioceses of the
Armenian
Church of North America, and both the Eastern and Western Prelacies of the
Armenian Apostolic Church. The Settlement Fund Board released these funds to
the attorneys for the plaintiffs in the case, who will deliver the checks to
the charities. In addition, the Settlement Fund Board released the funds
allocated by the settlement agreement to various named plaintiffs, including
lead plaintiff Martin Marootian.
The Settlement Fund Board is an independent panel appointed by California
State Insurance Commissioner John Garamendi for the purpose of evaluating the
claims of individuals who contend they are heirs who are entitled to
compensation from New York Life under the agreement and distributing the funds
allocated by the settlement agreement. The Board members are attorney and law
professor Berj Boyajian; attorney and Burbank Board of Education Vice
President
Paul Krekorian; and physician and health care activist Viken Manjikian.
The Board is scheduled to begin considering individual claims in March.
Anyone who believes there is even a possibility that they are the heir of a
New
York Life policyholder whose benefits were not paid must submit a “Notice of
Claim” form to the Settlement Fund Board in order to avoid waiving the
right to
recover. All Notice of Claim forms must be postmarked no later than March 16,
2005.
For further information or to obtain a Notice of Claim form, please call the
toll free information line at 1-866-422-0124 or visit
<;www.armenianinsurancesettlemen
t.com. The website includes a partial list of policyholders, but it is not
necessary that your ancestor’s name appear on the list in order to submit a
Notice of Claim.

2) Armenian Refugees Appeal to European Court of Justice

BAKU (Noyan Tapan)–Thirty citizens of Armenia have appealed to the European
Court of Justice, seeking compensation from Azerbaijan for their forced
displacement from the Ketashen and Shahumian regions of Mountainous Karabagh,
between the years of 1991 and 1994.
The Trend news agency reports that, in their appeal, the refugees emphasize
Azerbaijan’s violation of their land ownership, residency, and other rights.
According to procedure, the court’s secretariat records the appeal and
presents it for review.

3) Turkish Press Continues to Fabricate Reports on Historians’ Meeting

ISTANBUL (Marmara)–The Anadolu news agency reported that a meeting between
Armenian and Turkish historians, scheduled to take place in Vienna in order to
discuss the Armenian genocide, has been canceled.
The intent of the May meeting, according to the Turkish agency, was an
exchange and review of documents by both sides. The reason for the
cancellation, writes Anadolu, was the failure of the Armenian side to present
documents as planned and promised. It adds that, although during their meeting
in July 2004, Armenian and Turkish historians exchanged hundreds of documents,
it remained unclear whether the Armenian side would participate in the
upcoming
meeting in Vienna.
“Those who know of this issue also know that the [Turkish] press has
consistently given false information,” writes the Istanbul-based Armenian
newspaper Marmara, and explains that the “first Vienna meeting” Anadolu wrote
about never took place because Armenian historians refused to participate.
The director of the Armenian Genocide Institute-Museum, historian Dr.
Lavrenti
Barseghyan has consistently denied that the meeting took place–which the
Turkish press insists he attended.
Armenian historians have categorically asserted that they refuse to
participate in meetings that attempt to establish whether of not Armenian
genocide took place.

4) Moscow Hails Progress toward Karabagh Settlement

MOSCOW (RIA Novosti)–A recently released report by the Russian foreign
ministry highlights positive shifts in Armenia’s and Azerbaijan’s conceptual
approaches to reaching a settlement in the Karabagh conflict.
Noting the January 10 Prague meeting between Armenian Foreign Minister Vartan
Oskanian and his Azeri counterpart Elmar Mamedyarov, the report hails such
progress as it allows for dialogue to “take on a routine nature.”
Referring to the OCSE Minsk Groups involvement in negotiations between
Armenia
and Azerbaijan, the report states that international participation has proven
that virtually all aspects of the Karabagh conflict are being considered.
“These include such disputes as the withdrawal of Armenian troops,
demilitarization of this territory, international guarantees, and the future
status of Karabagh.”
It continues to commend both sides for their readiness to abate tensions
created by the Karabagh conflict and consequently improve the situation in the
South Caucasus region.
“The sides can be praised for their agreement on the implementation of an
earlier-made decision to send a fact-finding OSCE Minsk Group mission to the
Karabagh zone, as well as on seeking to organize an Azeri-Armenian summit in
Warsaw this summer.”
The Russian foreign ministry’s report concludes by reaffirming Moscow’s role
to assist in an ever deeper mutual understanding between Armenia and
Azerbaijan
to attain a peaceful settlement of the conflict.

5) ‘Always Drunk and Asleep Before Me, My Guardian Angel’

Leonardo Alishan wrote those lines five years ago. He died in a horrific house
fire last Sunday, at the age of 53.

By Jenny Kiljian

Celebrated poet Leonardo Alishan died on Sunday, January 9, when a fire tore
through his Salt Lake City, Utah home.
Born in Tehran, Iran, Alishan came to the United States in 1973 for graduate
studies. Alishan married Neli Assadurian in 1974, and had three children,
Michael, Ara, and Eileen. The couple were later divorced in 1993 but remained
friends.
Alishan earned a doctorate in comparative literature from the University of
Texas at Austin before moving to Utah, where he taught Persian literature and
comparative literature for twenty years at the University of Utah.
He published two books of poetry. Dancing Barefoot on Broken Glass was
published in 1991, and Through a Dewdropa collection of haiku, tanka, and
senryuin 2000. He also contributed his poetry to literary journals, including
the Burning Bush and Aspora.
His poems explored love and romance, the Armenian genocide, and feelings of
isolation. Many people have characterized Alishan’s work as being distinctly
Armenian in feeling, even though the poems are in English. Alishan focused
heavily on his grandmother, a genocide survivor who took care of him in his
childhood. Her hands figure as a central motif in several poems from Dancing
Barefoot on Broken Glass.
Those who knew Alishan are reeling from the news of his death. “It’s a
terrible
loss,” said his friend Ara Oshagan, who interviewed Alishan in the early
nineties for the Asbarez newspaper in Los Angeles. “We don’t have that many
accomplished poets in the English language and he was definitely one of them,
both widely published and recognized. It’s a great loss to Armenian letters.”
While he was in his basement apartment, a fire on the first level caused the
floor to collapse, trapping Alishan under the debris.
Firefighters arrived on the scene minutes after neighbors called 911, but the
damage was insurmountable. “We don’t know how long the fire had been burning
before neighbors called 911,” said Capt. Michael Jensen, public information
officer of the Unified Fire Authority. “Our crews did the best they could, but
it was too late to save him by the time we got there.”
Firefighters discovered Alishan’s remains on his bed; officials believe he
was
not aware of the fire, according to Jensen. The cause of the fire will remain
undetermined. “The floor had collapsed, and the evidence was destroyed in the
fire,” Jensen said.
Leonardo Alishan is survived by his former wife, Neli, and their three
children, Ara, Michael and Eileen. Funeral services will be held Saturday,
January 15, 2005, at 11:00 a.m. at St. Thomas More Catholic Church, 3015 E.
Creek Road. In lieu of flowers, the family suggests donations to Asian Tsunami
victims in care of Red Cross, P.O. Box 38436, SLC, UT 84110.

Tired Thoughts
Leonardo Alishan

They have buried ten million mines
in Afghanistan, one land mine
for every two or three Afghans,
regardless of age or ethnic background.

They have planted death in the womb
of the mother. Prosthetic limbs are airdropped
with food. They have planted a mine
under God’s pillow and his dreams of doves.

Every night a new dark dream spreads
its wings in my sleep. This morning I woke
with a throbbing headache. I woke tired.
I had defused or detonated mines all night.

A dream so real, I checked my limbs.
They were still mine. A dream so dark
I checked my heart. God was still there.
But also still mine and also still there

was the problem of ten million mines,
ten million limbs, ten million lives, ten million
dreams, blown apart in the heart of a God
who plows with the farmers and lives in my heart.

6) California Armenian Woman Missing in Thailand

By Jenny Kiljian

Los Angeles resident Armine Kevorkian, 60, was vacationing at a beachfront
resort in Khaolik, Thailand, when the tsunami hit on December 26, 2004.
Krikor Kevorkian and his family, who live in North Hollywood, Calif., are
waiting on news of his sister’s whereabouts. Kevorkian has given a DNA sample
to the US State Department so that they can identify his sister.
The family received a letter from the hotel manager, according to her niece
Talin Kevorkian, saying that the bungalow Armine Kevorkian and her boyfriend
Richard Morris, 63, were staying in was destroyed. The couple was sleeping at
the time the giant wave came to shore.
Talin Kevorkian says her aunt liked to travel, and had been on a trip around
the world since July. Armine Kevorkian contacted her family by e-mail once a
month.
According to the Armenian Embassy in Washington, D., Armine Kevorkian is the
only Armenian missing from the region.
One Russian-Armenian man was reportedly injured in Thailand and flown back to
Russia for treatment, according to embassy spokesperson Haik Gugarats. He
confirmed that no Armenians live in Madras, the capital of India’s Tamil Nadu
state that was most affected by the tsunami. Gugarats confirmed that one man,
the former caretaker of the Armenian Church in Madras, had recently moved to
Calcutta and was unharmed.

7) UNESCO, Armenia to Celebrate 1600 Years of ABCs

YEREVAN (Arminfo)–UNESCO and the government of Armenia will collaborate to
celebrate worldwide the 1600th anniversary of the Armenian alphabet, according
to the secretary general of the UNESCO national commission of Armenia’s
foreign
ministry Karina Danielyan.
Officials anticipate more than 20 events as part of the celebration, which
will take place throughout 2005. “Alphabet Procession,” a dramatic show, will
start in the ancient city of Yervandashat and will end at the Holy See of
Etchmiadzin. Translators’ Day will be marked in the village of Oshakan, the
home of Mesrob Mashdots, the creator of the Armenian alphabet. Since 1979,
Translators’ Day has been widely commemorated in Armenia once every three
years.
During this celebration, the authors of the best translations are awarded a
special prize named after Yeghishe Charents.
Armenians in Karabagh, Javakhk, and the diaspora will also participate in
celebrating the 1600th anniversary of the Armenian alphabet.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization will
finance an international scientific conference on Armenian studies, according
to Danielyan, which will be held jointly with the National Academy of Sciences
of Armenia. An e-conference titled “Information Technologies and Armenian
Letters” will also be held during the year.
The celebrations will conclude with a show in October at the National Opera
House.

8) $500,000 Raised for USC Armenian Institute in Advance of February 13
Inaugural Gala

LOS ANGELES–The campaign leading to the February 13 Inaugural Gala Banquet to
fund USC’s Institute of Armenian Studies has gone into overdrive in
response to
unprecedented widespread financial support from the Armenian community. As a
result of rapidly increasing commitments made during December 2004, over
$500,000 has already been raised.
In order for the Institute to begin its work as a distinguished center of
Armenian academic, intellectual, and cultural life, the initial target is to
raise $1,000,000 by the time of the banquet. An endowment fund of several
million dollars would eventually be needed for a fully functional institute.
The list of donors is growing exponentially by the ever-expanding ranks of
Armenian Trojan alumni, students, parents, and friends of the University of
Southern California.
Prospective donors are invited to make their pledges as soon as possible
to be
included in the Institute’s Honor Roll and program listings, and to reserve a
place at the February 13 Inaugural Gala Banquet. Early reservations are
suggested due to limited seating at USC’s Town & Gown Banquet Hall.
For further information contact
Savey Tufenkian at (818) 956-8455
Noelle Moss at (213) 740-4996 or
Dr. R. Hrair Dekmejian at (213) 740-3619
[email protected]

Tax deductible contributions & reservations to be sent to:
USC Institute of Armenian Studies Inaugural Dinner
University of Southern California
USC College of Letters, Arts & Sciences
3551 Trousdale Parkway, ADM 204
Los Angeles, CA 90089-4015

9) Ark Family Services Announces New Programs and Services for Youth and
Families.

GLENDALE–Ark Family Services, Inc. celebrated the grand opening of its new
center in Glendale on Tuesday, December 7, providing an opportunity for
members
of the community to gain a better understanding of the services and
educational
programs it provides. Among those in attendance were representatives of the
City of Glendale Youth and Family Services Programs and from the office of
Assembly member Dario Frommer, as well as organization supporter Hrach
Khudatyan, MD and his medical staff.
“We’re happy to have a new home,” said founder and Executive Director Dr.
Edward Kudaverdian. “We at Ark have a profound respect for people and life
itself. We are dedicated to empowering people in generating unlimited
possibilities and making a difference. Our work provides limitless
opportunities for growth and development for individuals, relationships,
families, communities, businesses, institutions, and society as a whole,” he
explained.
The private, non-profit counseling and educational organization has been
serving the multi-cultural needs of the residents of Glendale and its
surrounding communities for the past five years. Ark Family Services offers
counseling services in English, Armenian, and Farsi, and plans to offer
them in
Spanish and Tagalog in the near future.
Services include counseling and therapy for individuals, couples, families,
and children. Workshops and group and individual sessions address a myriad of
topics, including single and two parent family issues, domestic violence,
anger
management, marital and partner conflict, parent-child conflict, coping with
family dysfunction, cultural and social isolation, identity confusion, and
depression.
Clinical Director Astik Kudaverdian, MA explained, ” As an agency
dedicated to
aiding all who seek assistance and direction, Ark’s fees are calculated on a
sliding scale, based on monthly income and household size. This ensures that
virtually all who cross Ark’s threshold receive the support they need.”
Further, to better serve the diverse population of Glendale, Ark continually
develops and implements new programs to offer culturally competent care.
“This grand opening celebration allowed us the opportunity to let the
community know that we are here to serve them at whatever level their
counseling and/or life-skills training needs may be,” commented Melina Sardar,
MA Educational Director at Ark Family Services, Inc.
Ark also offers educational programs and seminars in self-fulfillment and
awareness. Its prime educational program is the “Curriculum for Awakening
“(CFA), which is designed to train people to generate groundbreaking thinking.
The CFA Seminar teaches and trains practical tools of how to create and
maintain a balanced lifestyle, how to reach true potential, excel on the job
and in school, and develop healthy relationships. The CFA programs are offered
to all segments of the community–youth and adolescents ages 14-18 and adults
over 18 with diverse backgrounds and professions. Ms. Sardar concluded, “Among
the many programs and services we also offer leadership and self expression
training, volunteering/assisting programs which include life skills coaching
and mentoring.”
Ark offers free introductory seminars every Monday at 7:30 p.m. For further
information call (818) 662-7045. Ark Family Services, Inc. is located at
541 W.
Colorado Street Suite 302 in Glendale.

10) Barnsdall Park to Host Series of Armenian Concert Events

LOS ANGELES–The Armenian Arts Fund released details of an unprecedented
concert series that will be held at Barnsdall Art Park in Hollywood’s Little
Armenia.
The series will kick off on Saturday, January 15, with a concert by
contemporary folk singer Gor Mkhitarian and traditional folk singer Alexander
Karapetian, as well as folk vocalist Araks Karapetian performing in her debut.
A night of traditional troubadour music will be presented on Saturday,
February 5, with performances by the Garni Folk Ensemble, featuring vocalists
Anahid Shahnazarian and Gagik Badalian.
The folk theme will continue on Friday and Saturday, March 11 and 12, at the
Los Angeles premiere of Armenian-Greek classical guitarist Iakovos Kolanian,
who will perform his renditions of Armenian Folk music. Kolanian will be
joined
by the critically acclaimed duduk quintet Winds of Passion.
The series will conclude on Sunday, April 10, with a concert by world fusion
artist Armen Chakmakian and his band. All four events will be held at
Barnsdall
Art Park’s Theater Gallery (4800 Hollywood Boulevard, Little Armenia,
Hollywood, CA 90027).
“We’d like to see Little Armenia come alive with all the wonderful musical
traditions that the Los Angeles Armenian community can offer,” said Stepan
Partamian, founder and president of the Armenian Arts Fund. “But this
particular concert series is not just about preserving those traditions; it’s
about building on them with fresh energies and ideas. The artists gathered for
the Barnsdall series represent some of the best talent in the diaspora, and I
think Little Armenia is the perfect destination for showcasing them.”
Created in 2000, the Armenian Arts Fund is dedicated to fostering excellence
in Armenian music, the visual arts, literature, and journalism. Supporting
projects by up-and-coming and established artists alike, the Fund has
organized
several concerts since its founding and publishes the “Armenian Arts”
magazine.
Proceeds from the Barnsdall Art Park concert series will benefit an Armenian
Arts Fund project to record “The Divine Liturgy” featuring Winds of Passion,
which will perform the piece with the traditional Armenian instrument the
duduk. “This will be a first,” Partamian said. “The world-class Armenian
musicians teaming up for this project will bring a whole new perspective and
appreciation to one of the gems of Armenian music, ‘The Divine Liturgy.'”
Tickets for individual concerts at Barnsdall Art Park are $30, or $100 for
all
four performances. Call (818) 244-2468 for reservations.

All performances will begin at 8:00PM, except for the Sunday, April 10
concert
which is scheduled at 7:00PM

11) Hye Shakar IV Concert to Benefit Juvenile Diabetes in Armenia

The Juvenile Diabetes Project of the Armenian American Medical Society of
California will be sponsoring Hye Shakar IV at the Glendale High School
Auditorium on February 27 at 3:30 PM. The project has been in operation since
1993, supplying all juvenile diabetics in Armenia, Artsakh, and even those in
southern Georgia, with human insulin, visual teststrips, supplies, and
information about their blood sugars. The effort has dramatically reduced the
short and long-term complications from this devastating disease.
The concert will star the a capella singing group Zulal from New York and the
amazing drummer Jacob Armen and his band.
Before the start of the Juvenile Diabetes Project, juvenile diabetes in
Armenia meant a life of frequent short term complications from low blood
sugars
(hypoglycemia) resulting in coma and even death, and long term complications
from high blood sugars (hyperglycemia) resulting in weight loss, blindness,
kidney disease, hypertension, nerve damage, stroke, and heart disease. Life
was
not only severely shortened, but was also very depressing and difficult.
The program has supplied children with visual blood teststrips (which they
split to get several readings), human insulin, syringes, lancets, and the
proper books in eastern Armenian–to markedly reduce both the short and long
term complications of the disease in children–allowing them to lead a near
normal lifestyle.
As a result, they have been able to plan their education, careers, and
expect
a normal life. No other program has made such a dramatic improvement in
children with diabetes in the former Soviet Union.
With the $12,000 raised by the Knights of Vartan Sevan Tahlij 50th
anniversary
banquet in 2003 and the money raised by the Hye Shakar III concert in 2004,
the
organization was able to purchase two years of visual teststrips for the
children.
The money raised from the upcoming concert will be used to purchase human
insulin. All supplies are given to children without charge and are sent to
Armenia through the United Armenian Fund. The project is under the guidance of
Dr. Elmira Pashinyan, Chief of Pediatric Endocrinology at Children’s Hospital
#4 in Yerevan. The 600 patients covered by this project range from under one
year of age to their late teens and early twenties.
Ticket prices are $50, $37.50, $25, $15, as well as a separate section
for
high school students for $10 with a valid school ID. Tickets can be purchased
from the following:

SFV/Hollywood: Hourig (323) 466-0497
Glendale: Marina (818) 243-5731
Pasadena: Seda (818) 790-7271
Orange County: Olga (949) 574-3508
San Diego: Mark (858) 259-9337
Dr. Malayan (818) 550-0702
Abril Bookstore (818) 243-4112
Sardarabad Bookstore (818) 500-0790

All donations should be sent to the AAMSC at 834 Ida Ave. Solana Beach, CA
92075 and will be listed in the program. The AAMSC is a 501(c)(3) organization
and all donations are tax deductible.

All proceeds from the concert will go towards the purchase of medicine to
improve the lives of children in Armenia with stricken by diabetes.

12) Hamazkayin Partners With Kennedy Center to Feature ‘Zulal’ in Washington,
DC

Performance Part of Hamazkayin Evening Dedicated to Supporting Young
Armenians in the Arts

WASHINGTON, DC–The Hamazkayin Armenian Educational and Cultural Society
joined forces with the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts to
sponsor a New Year’s weekend performance of Armenian folk music on the
Center’s
Millenium Stage. The concert was part of an evening organized by the
Hamazkayin
Washington chapter dedicated to supporting young Armenians in the performing
and visual arts.
The Zulal Armenian A Capella Trio performed a range of songs showcasing
Armenia’s folk music heritage before a standing-room-only audience of more
than
600 Washingtonians gathered at the world-renowned Kennedy Center. Using
original arrangements of melodies and harmonies, the group presented a
repertoire of songs that drew on the rich tradition of Armenia’s rural music,
including songs such as `Sari Siroon Yar’ and `Sareri Hovin Mernem.’
Following the concert, the Hamazkayin Washington chapter hosted a photography
exhibit titled `A Window to Armenia,’ featuring the works of Arsineh
Khachikian
at the Soorp Khatch Armenian Apostolic Church Hall. A Washington DC native,
Ms.
Khachikian shared with attendees a photographic journey across Armenia’s
mountains, villages and people. The exhibit displayed more than 30 color and
black and white images depicting a range of subjects from panoramic landscapes
to poignant close-up portraits.
“By sponsoring such performances and exhibits, Hamazkayin is pleased to help
young Armenian artists gain increased exposure in the nation’s capital,’
stated
Maggie Simonian, chair of the Hamazkayin Washington DC chapter. `Hamazkayin
would like to thank the Kennedy Center for opening their Millenium Stage to
our
organization as well as acknowledge the Armenian Embassy for their
collaboration in making this event a success.”
Founded in 1928, the Hamazkayin Armenian Educational and Cultural Society is
dedicated to the preservation and advancement of the history and the cultural
heritage of the Armenian nation. Hamazkayin has chapters throughout the United
States, Canada, South America, Europe, the Middle East and Australia, as well
as the Republic of Armenia.

A recording of the concert featuring Zulal is available on the Kennedy Center
Website at:
<
id=ZULAL>
m?artist_id=ZULAL.

13) Hagop Hagopian at HARVEST GALLERY

GLENDALE–A rare solo exhibition of works by internationally acclaimed artist
Hagop Hagopian will run at Glendale’s Harvest Gallery from January 21 to
February 6, and will feature works spanning the last decade.
The artist’s first solo exhibition in the United States in more than five
years will present over 25 watercolors and oil paintings
Hagopian’s canvases evoke a profound sense of realism through the use of oils
and watercolors that enhance images, symbols, scenes, and ideas. “His
transparent hues and clear graphic lines are so perfect that they seem to be
unsurpassable. With each new work, Hagopian proves that there is no limit to
perfection. Only a great master can do that,” says famed artist Jean Carzou.
Born in Alexandria, Egypt in 1923, Hagopian was educated in Paris and
Cairo at
the Institute of Fine Arts and the Académie de la Grande Chaumiére,
respectively. Hagopian moved to Armenia in 1962, where he worked as a design
artist in a textile factory in Gyumri.
His first solo exhibit was in 1963 in Armenia’s capital, Yerevan. In 1977,
Hagopian was awarded the State Prize of Armenia and the People’s Artist of
Armenia. In 1986, he won the coveted State Prize of USSR for this pictorial of
My Land and was elected a full-member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR.
Hagopian has exhibited throughout the world including in Cyprus, Finland,
France, Germany, Lebanon, the United Kingdom, and the US.
Hagopian’s exhibit will be on display from Friday, January 21 through Sunday,
February 6. Gallery hours are Tuesday through Sunday 11:00AM to 7:00PM. For
general information about the exhibit, call Harvest Gallery at 818.546.1000.

Artist Opening Reception
Friday, January 21 6:00–10:00PM
Exhibition Dates: January 21 through February 6

14) GROUNDS FOR SUPERSTITION AND SILLY BEHAVIOR

By Skeptik Sinikian

The other day, while at a coffee shop, I noticed an Armenian man in his
40s or
50s finish his single shot of espresso, then flip the tiny paper cup over on a
napkin. I didn’t think much of the gesture at first but after five minutes,
when he flipped the cup back over and started staring at the remnants of the
coffee grinds, I realized that the poor sap was trying to read his own
fortune.
Too busy to make a decent, thick-as-mud cup of Armenian coffee, our friend was
using a commercial substitute to satisfy his urge to know his future.
I wanted to approach this man and tell him that I could save saved him the
trouble of reading his grinds by telling him what the coffee grounds said.
After all, it’s always the same two or three things. You’re either going to
receive a letter from a strange man. You’re going to go on a trip or you’re
either going to win or lose money. Sometimes the letter is actually news and
it’s brought to you by a bird instead of a strange man but this is only a
slight variation on the three different predictions commonly used by Armenian
grandmothers worldwide.
I personally don’t believe that a person’s future is determined by the
leftovers of someone’s coffee. I don’t believe in horoscopes either. But I
know
people who do. These are people who not only believe in horoscopes but live
their lives by them. Maybe the Armenian obsession with rituals that deal with
superstition stems from our lack of faith in our own abilities to make our
destiny. How else do you explain the thousands of Armenian grandmothers out
there who regularly go to church AND play the lottery. I don’t remember that
verse in the Bible that said blessed are the gambling ‘dadeegs’ for they shall
inherit God’s timeshare in Las Vegas.
I admit that I’ll look up my own horoscope but it’s mainly for laughs than it
is for actual everyday or even life altering decisions. My friend’s
grandmother, on the other hand, will clip horoscopes for her grandchildren and
mail it to them with a Lotto ticket. “Janeeg, pakhdud portseh”–“Honey, try
your luck.” But this whole horoscope business got me thinking. Why do only
people have to have horoscopes? What if countries had horoscopes too? I
wondered what Armenia’s horoscope was on this unnaturally rainy Los Angeles
day.
Armenia should have a horoscope. After all, it has been personified in so
many
Armenian songs, poems, stories, everyday lexicon that it might as well be a
person. So I decided to look it up. (What you’re about to read is not made up.
It is an actual horoscope taken from an internet horoscope site).
The hardest part would be to figure out what Armenia’s sign is. Armenia is
either a Virgo (September 21) or a Gemini (May 28), depending on who you ask.
Here’s what the horoscope for Virgo read on January 14, 2005: “New material
comes with new territory. Your first reaction may tell the whole story, or it
may mean nothing at all. Nobody has the answers at this point. At least you’re
getting used to the idea of change.” Strangely enough, it seemed to fit. New
territory can be Artsakh (even though it’s always been historically Armenian)
and I can see how NOBODY in Armenia has any answers to the Artsakh conflict at
this point. And change can refer to independence, exodus, privatization, etc.
It sort of made some sense.
Then I looked up the horoscope for Gemini which read: “If you broke it, you
have to buy or replace it. Arguing your case just goes to show how weak it is.
This is one time when you have to choose your battles carefully. Winning an
easy one can only help your image.” I could interpret this in a myriad of
ways.
Choosing your battles? Armenians seem to always be tilting their lances at
imaginary windmills instead of focusing on real and immediate threats. We’re
constantly rebuilding ancient churches in Armenia in villages of
populations of
100 or less while dozens of Armenian kids are arrested and thrown in jail in
Los Angeles every day. Building churches is a noble endeavor but the horoscope
clearly states “…you have to choose your battles carefully.” This was sort of
creepy.
And just for fun, I decided to look up the Republic of Turkey too. Turkish
Sovereignty Day is April 23, which also happens to be Turkish Children’s Day.
Before your blood pressure begins to rise at the oddly inappropriate and
ironic
date for these two made up holidays, let me just say that Turkey happens to be
a Taurus. Here’s what Turkey’s horoscope said: “You still know a few tricks
this crowd hasn’t seen. Leave them smiling instead of feeling afraid. You’re a
master at framing the issues to make yourself look good. Once you inspire
loyalty, your work is almost done.” Can anyone think of an instance in
current
news where Turkey is trying to make a certain other group smile instead of
feel
afraid? Can you say “European Union?” At this point I was on a roll. I had to
look up America too. July 4. Cancer. “Some topics must remain off limits.
Your
needs are important to you, but they might eclipse common courtesy or
destabilize someone else’s peace of mind. Remember that a community issue
could
be at stake.” Wow, I almost wanted to clip this one and send it to President
George W. Bush with a lotto ticket and handwritten note.
I looked at the man getting up from his seat and throwing away his fortune in
the nearby trash bin. I watched him as he walked to his car and drove off to
work, probably unhappy that the coffee grounds had not predicted a happier
more
successful future. I went back to my experiment with the horoscopes. I could
have a field day with all of these but I’ll let you, the reader, delve deeper
and interpret them instead. I finished my cup of coffee and almost
instinctively flipped the cup over before realizing that it doesn’t matter
whether I’ll be going away on a trip or not or if I win or lose some money. I
threw the cup in the trash and headed home.

Skeptik Sinikian encourages his readers to regularly pinch/scratch their
butts
to ward off evil spirits and jealous eyes. He can be reached at
[email protected], or visit is outdated blog at
<;

15) Tidbits from The Diner

By Tatul

Parking my car in a moderate (by New England standards) snowstorm wasn’t much
fun. As I entered the Diner, shaking the snow off my shoulders and what’s left
of my hair, I looked for Marty at his usual corner and, sure enough, there he
was, deeply engrossed in a book; there was no sign of the batch of newspapers
he usually carried with him.
He didn’t seem to notice me until I was practically sitting in front of him.
“You shouldn’t sneak up on me like that,” he said, marking his place in the
book with a napkin and setting it down, “how long have you been sitting
there?”
“Oh, about twenty minutes,” I lied.
“Remarkable,” he said, “considering I only arrived ten minutes ago.”
“It must be some book,” I said, changing the subject, “You were lost to the
world.”
“I wasn’t lost,” he said, “I found myself in a world I thought I had
forgotten.”
“May I?” I said, reaching for the paperback volume with a nondescript cover
displaying an obviously vintage photograph of four pre-teen boys in
old-fashioned bathing suits squatting in, what looked like, a creek or a pond.
WEST OF MALATIA, read the title with “The Boys of ’26” as subtitle, just above
the sepia photograph, and at the bottom of this somewhat utilitarian yet
nostalgic cover, the author’s name, Sarkis J. Eminian. “Who is he?” I
asked.
“Who is he?” he repeated slowly, “He is us, I guess; who else? A native of
the
Armenian diaspora,” he said, taking off his glasses and wiping the lenses with
a napkin and replacing them on his nose. “A first generation diasporan, with
the eyes, ears, and voice of a born story teller and a genuine talent that
transcends the technical limitations of this privately edited and published
volume.”
“This is a truly authentic voice,” he continued, “a voice that reaches the
hearts and fading memories of that generation born and raised West, East,
North
or South of Malatia, worldwide, not just Cleveland, Ohio, but Paris, France,
Athens, Greece, Cairo, Egypt, and Beirut, Lebanon, and so on.” His voice
trailed off and I could swear there were tears in his eyes, concealed behind
his reading glasses.
“Listen to this,” he said, picking up the book and reading from a marked
page:
“The stories in this book are about my friends and my life. They are memories
that go back in time, as far back as I can remember and recall the things we
did. I suppose there must be a reason for all this, as if we accomplished
something extraordinary, or one of us became famous. But none of those things
happened to us. We grew up with nothing special to distinguish us from the
ordinary, except the close bond we shared–five of us, who shared a special
bond because we were all born between March and September of 1926. We grew up
as close as as brothers, in a close-knit clan of seven families. We were the
boys of ’26.”
He stopped reading and neither one of us broke the silence for a while.
Outside, the snow came down, steady and equally silent — the only sounds were
those coming from the Diner’s busy kitchen and the muffled voices of Costa and
one of the waiters.
“I wonder how Arty is doing in Canada,” said Marty, gathering his things,
ready to leave. “It’s been a while since I heard from him.”
“He’s a Watertown boy,” I said, “he’ll be all right.” He didn’t seem to hear
me.
“If you want,” he said, as we stepped out into the snow, “I’ll loan you the
book when I’m through with it. Everyone should read it.”
I thanked him and walked to my snow-bound car.

16) The Elections Are Coming, The Elections Are Coming!

By Garen Yegparian

It’s an odd numbered year and a number of the cities and other governmental
entities hosting the largest non-homeland Armenian community will be holding
elections between now and the end of Spring. Some are one-shot,
plurality-vote-getter-wins arrangements (such as Glendale). Others are of the
two-stage, primary-and-general variety (such as Burbank). All are
non-partisan–though you wouldn’t know it listening to some people’s analyses
of whom to vote for and why. All attract their share of crackpots, hapless and
hopelessly unelectable candidates, and, given it’s the LA basin we’re
discussing, Armenians.
Even if you don’t live in one of the charter cities that have these
elections,
such as Pasadena and Los Angeles, you might still be voting since school and
community college districts frequently span multiple municipal jurisdictions.
The most obvious examples are the Los Angeles Unified School and Community
College Districts. While in most cases all the dates are nicely aligned, some
are not. Burbank is in the LACCD, but with completely separate dates for its
municipal election.
But beyond my obvious civic spirit and desire to keep my compatriots informed
of opportunities to empower themselves through the ballot box, why am I
writing
this? And be sure, there’ll be more on this topic before Summer arrives. I
want
to sadly admit that the unflattering description of some candidates given
above
applies to Armenians as well.
Since we have a large concentration of Armenians in these areas, many seem to
think an “ian” at the end of their name entitles them to election. Forget
considerations of electability, service to the community (Armenian and broader
civic), and impact on the Armenian community.
Here are a few samples from the current crop of candidates. One is on a
mission to change policy in the jurisdiction where this candidacy has been
declared. Of course it matters little that this crusade is as utterly
unsupported by the facts, as George Bush’s weapons-of-mass-destruction-in-Iraq
arguments. Another, who I would consider a friend, has not been active in
civic
life, yet thinks it appropriate to run for office. Two others have done
nothing but sow discord in our community. A raft of others just plain haven’t
an ice cube’s chance in hell of getting elected, yet insist on running.
Fortunately, some have the sense, decency, and grace to withdraw when they see
their chances of winning are slim.
You’ll argue, “Hey, it’s their right; this is a democracy governed by levels
of representative government.” True enough. But, since many of these Armenian
candidates are running with the tacit or overt expectation of Armenian
community support, then that community’s interest must be factored into all
considerations. We’d all agree that we want to see more Armenians attaining
elected office and progressing to higher such positions. But when large
numbers
of Armenians run, specifically more than the number of seats up for election,
then they all get hurt because the Armenian vote scatters among all the
candidates, rendering them less likely to win. Also, the funds available get
diffused, hurting everyone’s ability to purchase electoral necessities.
Credible and useless candidates alike get hurt.
So do us all a favor, if you’re one of these people, withdraw. If your friend
is one of them, talk him/her out of it. We’ll all be better off.

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Stirring read worthy of a tepid shower

Stirring read worthy of a tepid shower

Canberra Times – Australasia
Jan 15, 2005

A ROOM in the miserable Kum Hotel on Gallipoli in mid-winter seems a
fitting place to have written this review of Fred and Elizabeth
Brenchley’s biography of T.W.White. A pioneering Australian airman,
captured in Mesopotamia, Tom White spent three years as a prisoner of
the Turks before escaping. He endured much worse than the Kum’s tepid
showers and monotonous breakfasts. As White recounted in Guests of the
Unspeakable, his vivid memoir of harsh captivity and daring escape,
being a prisoner of the Turks involved discomfort, danger and, for
many, death. The Brenchleys’ book reminds us of how terrible it was to
be a prisoner of the Turks: almost as bad as being captured by the
Japanese. Nearly one in three of the 268 Australians captured by the
Ottomans died in captivity: only two out of the nine air mechanics of
the Australian ”Half Flight” captured at Kut survived. And these
prisoners got help from friendly neutral diplomats: imagine if they
had not.

White’s Flight is a stirring read. White was one of several intrepid
officers who planned and executed escapes from Turkish captivity, only
three successfully. His escape entailed months of feigning illness to
secure a transfer from the notorious Afion camp in Anatolia to a
hospital in Constantinople, from where he found a ship sailing for
Odessa. There he saw the aftermath of the Bolshevik revolution before
reaching British troops in Bulgaria.

The Brenchleys tell an extraordinary story of cruelty and indifference
on the Ottoman side (including the great Armenian genocide which began
about April 25, 1915) and the unwavering optimism and courage of young
men who took on and outwitted the regime’s goons. White’s ability to
survive on the streets of Constantinople, amid the intrigues and
uncertainties of the final months of the Ottoman Empire, was an
astounding piece of effrontery.

The Brenchleys essentially paraphrase White’s own memoir, adding
little of interest except sentimental family and political
history. Soon after his liberation, White married Vera Deakin, who ran
the Australian Red Cross’s formidable London operation, one that did
so much to save the lives of prisoners of war in the Great War. It is
a great pity the Brenchleys contented them- selves with presenting
such a superficial picture of this determined woman, especially given
the abundant sources available.

White is one of those people whose main claim to our attention is an
escapade in his youth. As a federal politician from the 1930s, he was
notable only as an adversary of Menzies. Though admired for
championing various causes, his trenchant opposition ensured that he
was more often seen as a critic than as a creator. The Brenchleys are
sloppy over details – the Australian Flying Corps is referred to
variously as the RFC, the RAF and even the RAAF – and they don’t
explain why the Turks were regarded as ”unspeakable”. But they give
a fair picture of the spirited prisoners who refused to give in to
cruel and corrupt captivity.

Peter Stanley is principal historian of the Australian War
Memorial. His book, Quinn’s Post, Anzac, Gallipoli, will be published
in April.

Party Says Authorities “Too Inept” To Resolve Pressing Problems

Armenian party says authorities “too inept” to resolve pressing problems

Arminfo
14 Jan 05

YEREVAN

The atmosphere of impunity and permissiveness in the higher echelons
of power is confirming once again that current Armenian administration
are unable not only to resolve the situation in the country but also
to stop the precipitous recession the country is in, says a statement
by the Political Council of the Democratic Party of Armenia, part of
the Justice bloc, forwarded to Arminfo.

The statement says the unprecedented delays in the payment of salaries
and pensions, the doubled fares on buses which until recently were
considered the most accessible means of public transport, the doubled
tariffs on water and gas, and the price increase on a number of
primary goods have rendered useless the minimal increase in pensions
by 1,000 drams [2 dollars] and are dealing yet another serious blow to
the destitute categories of the population.

Under such circumstances, the guarantor of social well-being of the
population, the Armenian president, is preoccupied with forgiving the
sins of those who have plundered national wealth by concealing 70 per
cent of their real earnings from the state. Instead, tax agencies
focus mainly on small and middle-sized entrepreneurs, not “the market
sharks”, because they still operate under the patronage of the
authorities.

The resulting difficult socioeconomic and moral situation and the
universal violation of the most fundamental human rights are
confirming once again that the Armenian authorities are too inept to
improve the situation in the country.

Under the document, the Democratic Party of Armenia – which remains
faithful to its programme principles based on democratic socialism and
social justice – states that only in the event of implementing the
party’s programme will it possible to carry out social reforms in the
country, form a fair public atmosphere, avoid fresh social shocks and
take the country out of the current crisis, the statement says.

More babies, marriages in Karabakh in 2004

More babies, marriages in Karabakh in 2004, fewer divorces – Armenian agency

Arminfo, Yerevan
14 Jan 05

The national statistics service of the Nagornyy Karabakh Republic
(NKR) has reported that more babies were born in the republic in 2004
compared to 2003, more marriages were registered, and the number of
divorces has fallen, the Armenian news agency Arminfo said on 14
January.

In a report from Stepanakert ,an Arminfo correspondent said 2,095
babies were born in the republic in 2004, 37 more than in 2003. There
were 798 marriages, which was 122 more than the previous year, an
increase of 18 per cent. The report said the number of marriages in
2004 increased in all districts of the NKR compared to 2003 apart from
Shushi and Shaumyan .

There were 89 divorces, four fewer than in 2003, a decrease of 4.3 per
cent.

Armenia ready to continue talks within framework of “Prague process”

Armenia ready to continue talks within framework of “Prague process”

Arminfo
14 Jan 05

YEREVAN

Armenia is ready to continue talks within the framework of “the Prague
process”, the press secretary of the Armenian Foreign Ministry, Gamlet
Gasparyan, said.

Gasparyan pointed out that Armenian Foreign Minister Vardan Oskanyan
familiarized journalists at the press conference on 12 January with
the course of “the Prague process” as much as changes in this
direction allow. Gasparyan was commenting on deputy Azerbaijani
Foreign Minister Araz Azimov’s statement yesterday.

“We do not think it right to comment on the individual details and
previous stages of the settlement. Enough has been said about this
already. Nor would we like to start an external dispute with someone
as we think this has no use,” he stressed.

[Passage omitted: Azimov’s statement]