Armenia Recognized One Of Leacers Of Transparency Of Trade-Economic

ARMENIA RECOGNIZED ONE OF LEADERS OF TRANSPARENCY OF TRADE-ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WTO RATING

Arka News Agency, Armenia
Dec 11 2006

YEREVAN, December 11. /ARKA/. Armenia was recognized one of the
leaders of transparency of trade-economic system in rating of
WTO-member states.

The RA Ministry of Trade and Economic Development informed ARKA
News Agency, according to the research, carried out by the Geneva
Institute of International Studies, among the WTO-member countries
Armenia ranks the second, following Norway.

The rating was based on the quantity of notifications, received by
corresponding committees and commissions of the WTO.

Armenian President Demands Elimination Of Tax Loopholes

ARMENIAN PRESIDENT DEMANDS ELIMINATION OF TAX LOOPHOLES

Arka News Agency, Armenia
Dec 11 2006

YEREVAN, December 11. /ARKA/. The Armenian President pronounced for
the elimination of tax loopholes. At a meeting that discussed issues
of ensuring tax revenues the RA President stated that the current tax
revenues do not meet the potential. Kocharyan demanded that attention
be focused on ensuring equal conditions for all economic entities.

The President pointed out that at the end of each year the year’s
results are normally summed up and programs for the next year are
planned. He stated that the implementation of the programs is mainly
conditioned by the activities of tax and customs services.

According to the President, tax revenues are expected to seriously
increase in 2007. "Therefore, we must be sure that the reforms will
be continued, and the planned work will be completed with quality."

Kocharyan believes that despite the work carried out during the last
1-2 years, the situation is far from being satisfactory.

He stated that next year he will be "much more exacting" and expects
positive changes.

According to him, good work can considerably improve tax collection,
which will allow more work to be done and more problems to be resolved.

Participating in the meeting were RA Premier Andranik Margaryan,
Minister of Finance Vardan Khachatryan, Minister of Trade and Economic
Development Karen Chshmarityan, Chairman of the Central Bank of Armenia
Tigran Sargsyan, the Chiefs of the RA Taxation and Custom Services,
Felix Tsolakyan and Armen Avetisyan.

Nagorno-Karabakh Region Approves New Pro-Independence Constitution

NAGORNO-KARABAKH REGION APPROVES NEW PRO-INDEPENDENCE CONSTITUTION

Makfax, Macedonia
Dec 11 2006

Azerbaijan’s Nagorno-Karabakh region has overwhelmingly approved a
new pro-independence constitution in a referendum held Sunday.

According to figures released on Monday, 98.6 % percent of voters
approved the constitution, describing Karabakh as a sovereign state.

The Head of the Central Election Commission, Sergey Nasibyan, said
the constitution was passed and that from now on, December 10 can be
treated as the Constitution Day in Nagorno Karabakh.

Neither Azerbaijan nor the international community recognizes
Nagorno-Karabakh’s independence.

ija/article.tpl?IdLanguage=1&IdPublication=2&a mp;NrArticle=47092&NrIssue=216&NrSection=3 0

http://www.makfax.com.mk/look/agenc

Constitution Affirming Independence Overwhelmingly Passes In Nagorno

CONSTITUTION AFFIRMING INDEPENDENCE OVERWHELMINGLY PASSES IN NAGORNO-KARABAKH

Voice of America
Dec 11 2006

Election officials say voters in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region
of Azerbaijan have overwhelmingly approved a new constitution that
affirms the area’s independence.

The head of the region’s election commission, Sergei Nasibyan, said
Monday that 98 percent of those voting in Sunday’s referendum favored
the constitution. Voter turnout was about 86 percent.

The balloting took place on the 15th anniversary of the 1991 referendum
in which the region’s majority ethnic Armenian population backed
independence.

A declaration of independence in 1988 triggered a six-year war that
claimed 35,000 lives. A ceasefire has been holding since 1994, but
tensions persist.

The international community does not recognize Nagorno-Karabakh’s
independence. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
has been seeking to mediate the dispute. In a statement Monday the
group called the referendum counterproductive for efforts to settle
the ongoing conflict.

BAKU: Turkish Foreign Ministry Makes Severe Statement On Nagorno Kar

TURKISH FOREIGN MINISTRY MAKES SEVERE STATEMENT ON NAGORNO KARABAKH REFERENDUM

Azeri Press Agency
Dec 11 2006

Turkish Foreign Ministry has made a severe statement on the referendum
held by Nagorno Karabakh regime yesterday, APA Turkish bureau reports.

According to the statement Armenia’s step is regarded as the action
ignoring international law.

"The so-called referendum has changed the constitution of "Nagorno
Karabakh Republic" and separatist regime is presented as hegemonic,
democratic, legal and social state. Turkey regards this as a result
of continuous Armenian aggression against Azerbaijan. Ankara does
not recognize the results of the referendum and condemns Armenia’s
occupation of Azerbaijani territories. One million Azerbaijanis
became refugees as a result of this occupation. Armenia’s action
brings the results of negotiations conducted by OSCE Minsk Group for
the settlement of the conflict to zero."

From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Armenian Foreign State Debt To Stand At 21% Of GDP In 2006 – MinFin

ARMENIAN FOREIGN STATE DEBT TO STAND AT 21% OF GDP IN 2006 – MINFIN

Interfax, Russia
Dec 11 2006

YEREVAN. Dec 11 (Interfax) – Armenia’s foreign state debt will stand at
$1.261 billion at the end of 2006, or 21% of GDP, Arshaluis Markarian,
head of foreign and domestic debt management at the Finance and
Economics Ministry, told reporters on Monday.

The government will have $1.095 billion of foreign state debt and the
Central Bank of Armenia will have $166 million at the end of 2006,
he said.

This forecast is based on a rate of SDR1/$55, since most of Armenia’s
credit portfolio is in SDR, Markarian said.

The Turkish Problem

THE TURKISH PROBLEM
By George Gregoriou

Greek News, New York
Dec 11 2006

Turkey is not the problem. Turkish leaders and most Turks say
so. If there is a problem, it is the EU and the neighbors. This
was made clear in the streets of Istanbul, when the Pope visited
this historic city. The voices: "The European Union is a Christian
Club…The Europeans do not want a Muslim Turkey in the EU….The
Turkish people are so misunderstood on Cyprus…We are what we are,
a Muslim country, and the EU has to accept Turkey as is. We are not
going to change." It is that simple. The fault lies with the EU and
the neighbors. But, the Turks are the neighbors!

The EU is part of the problem. So is the USA, which is forcing Turkey
onto the EU, for its own geopolitical needs to control the future of
the EU and the Eurasian Corridor where the oil reserves are located.

It is unimaginable to think of Turkey outside the imperialist
loop, Islamic, anti-EU and anti-American. Big trouble for corporate
capitalism. Like it or not, there is a Turkish problem, a EU problem,
and an American problem. There is a big problem in the neighborhood,
where the policies of the US and Turkey converge, thereby creating
serious obstacles to Turkey¹s trajectory into the EU.

Turkey is a big power, a staunch ally of the biggest superpower. To
Washington, Turkey can do no wrong. If it did (not cooperating with
the US invasion of Iraq), Ankara is forgiven the day after, with
Ankara getting its economic and military aid without a hitch. It
is understood that US militarism will be aided and abetted by
Ankara no matter what. Washington will do what it has to do, as an
imperial power. And Turkey will do what it has to do. There is honor
between the two bullies (one global, one regional). They have mutual
interests. London is only a step behind Washington, with Bush telling
Blair which foot to put forward. Blair also wants Turkey in the EU.

This symbiotic relationship between the US and Turkey is not
difficult to understand. The flow of guns and dollars towards Turkey,
in billions, tells the story. Turkey is strategically located in
the Balkans, Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Middle East. What a
location! Turkey outside the imperialist loop, I stated earlier,
would be as if the continental plates between Europe and Asia were
separated, in geopolitical terms. This separation seems inevitable,
thanks to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the anti-Americanism
in the Muslim world. For now, Ankara wants to play this geopolitical
game, harvest its benefits, even be inside the EU Christian Club,
at its own terms. An Ankara-EU-US confrontation is in the making.

Do the European masses want 70 million Turks in their midst? Not now.

Maybe never. The charge by Turks that this "Christian Club" will
not change, and Turkey, a Muslim nation, will not change either, is
the root of the problem. So, the much-lauded claims of a civilized
Europe and a secular, modern democratic Turkey are both a sham. The
Kemalist legacy seems to be limited to Istanbul, where obscene
wealth, poverty, decadence, and prostitution coexist. Not in the
"other" Turkey, from Ankara to Eastern Anatolia, where poverty and
underdevelopment dominate. If this is the Turkish reality why would
the EU ³Christian Club² stop being a Christian Club and to admit 70
million Muslims? Who is knocking at the door? Neither the Turks nor
the EU Christian Club will change in the near future. Turkey in the
EU will turn out to be a bad relationship, with a bad break-up?

The Christian/Muslim dilemma is only part of the problem. Turks should
look in the mirror. The entire world knows. It has been documented
by eyewitness reports, government officials, and historical research
for over 100 years, that the Ottoman Empire, in the years marking the
end of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of the Turkish Republic,
committed genocide. About 3.5 million Armenians, Greeks and Assyrians
(those ethnics who could not be Turkified) were killed. Turkish
intellectuals and historians acknowledge this genocide. They are
being persecuted (Article 301) for "insulting" Turkishness. The
Germans acknowledged their crime.

Not the Turks. In a "secular, modern, and democratic" society, those
who defend lies are subject to prosecution (as the French law did on
Jews and is doing on the Armenians), not those who tell the truth. In
Turkey, state declared "truths" are defended by "state declared laws,"
while those critical of state "untruths" are prosecuted.

Now, truth can be controversial. It can be settled, not with "I said,
you said!" Would I trust an Islamic (or any) fundamentalist to tell
the truth? Or a person who spends years researching the archives,
documents, and eye-witness reports to prove or disprove historical
claims? In the USA, 50% of the people believe that the universe is
6,000 years old. 70% believe in angels. Muslim martyrs will have 72
virgins. How can a dead person handle 72 virgins when a live person
cannot even handle one. Not when the dead welcome the dead! One can
hardly rely on a mullah or a priest to tell the truth about historical
reality. When "clerics" behave as "politicians" and "politicians" as
"clerics," it is worse. When an entire nation subscribes to "official
lies" it is a crime.

Where is it stated that nation which lies deserves to be in the
European Union? The Europeans are not devoid of hypocrisy and lying.

But Ankara is not telling the Europeans: "Hey, we are "lying" about our
history. You are also "lying" about your history. We are all guilty of
"genocide" and "barbarism". We Turks admit it. Get over it." I am not
"unsympathetic" to this "dishonesty" being up front!

Cyprus is also a problem. It can derail the Turkish trajectory into
the EU. Why? Cyprus can veto Turkeyʼs accession into the EU.

Technically, all of Cyprus is in the EU, though the EU law does not
apply to the occupied 37% of Cyprus under occupation by Turkey since
1974, until the problem is solved. The possibility of a settlement
on Turkish terms is next to zero, the root being that the Turkish
Cypriot minority of 18%, supported by Turkey, Britain, and the US,
insist on sharing political power with the 82% majority on the basis
of equality (50-50). To change the demographics, 140,000 Muslims from
Turkey were settled in Cyprus. And Washington and London are doing all
they can to "legitimize" the Turkish occupation of northern Cyprus
with investments, tourism, and real estate development-all illegal
according to the UN resolutions and international legalities.

In essence, the Turkish minority wants to continue the British colonial
practice of "divide and rule," which is rooted in the Ottoman legacy
where the Muslim minority ruled and the rest of the people were
subjects whose only choice was to pay taxes, convert to Islam to
avoid paying taxes, or death. All the proposals put on the table are
"apartheid" solutions, not in line with EU legalities.

So, when we read in the NYTimes during the Popeʼ s visit that
"The Turks are so misunderstood on Cyprus," this is true. The official
position of Ankara on Cyprus, the political solutions offered, its
refusal to recognize Cyprus as member state of the EU and to open its
ports to all EU members, including Cyprus, is so incomprehensible to
anyone with common sense. The often-stated claim that the small island
of Cyprus (less than a million Greeks and Turkish Cypriots combined),
inside the EU, is a threat to the most militarized country of 70
millions, 40 miles away, that Cyprus is a "life and death" issue for
Ankara, and its posturing that "it is either a Turkish solution or no
solution"–these can be easily misunderstood. They make little sense,
except to an "Ottomanistic" mindset.

Turkish membership in the EU? Turkey is the problem, and the
solution. One way is for Turkey, the successor to the Ottoman
Empire, to declare: "we do not want to be in the EU." Tell London
and Washington to stop twisting arms to get Turkey in the EU. Ankara
can veer towards Islamicism and still get its guns and dollars from
Washington and the European powers playing the geopolitical card in
tandem or in opposition to Washington. In any EU referendum, Turkish
membership will collapse.

The alternative? Turkey can stop being a bully in the region,
transform herself into a modern, secular, and democratic society,
with the welfare and well-being of the Turkish people its only goal.

This is not easy, but it is possible. How?

FIRST, self-determination (even statehood) for the 18-20 million Kurds
will be an option. After all, the Turks and the Kurds, both Muslims,
have been on each other¹s throat since the creation of the Turkish
Republic, with more violence in the 1980s. They are still in a state
of war;

SECOND, this would require Turkey being split into two autonomous
republics, 70-30 or 60-40 ratio for Turks and Kurds, respectively,
in a loose federation or confederation;

THIRD, there would be equal representation at the Upper House,
proportional representation at the Lower House, requiring majorities
in each ethnic group and in each house for proposed legislation to
be become law;

FOURTH, there would be rotating Presidents and Vice-Presidents for
the majority Turks and minority Kurds, respectively;

FIFTH, total autonomy in cultural, religious, and ethnic affairs for
the two federated states, even the right to collect taxes and sign
commercial treaties with other states;

SIXTH, the central government will be in charge of defense, foreign
affairs, and federal taxation. An outside military force, possibly
from the UN or the EU will in Turkey to maintain peace between the
Kurds and Turks;

SEVENTH, there will be a Supreme Court of Turkish, Kurdish, and UN
or international Jurists to settle constitutional and legal conflicts.

The details can be worked out by experts and technocrats. There are
plenty of qualified Turkish and Kurdish constitutionalists, with help
from Washington, London and the UN, who could come up with a final
plan which will bring peace and justice the Turks and Kurds in Asia
Minor, even membership in the Europe Union.

This is not a crazy idea. It is a realistic proposal, a carbon copy
of the Ankara-London-Washington plan the UN (through Kofi Annan)
tried to impose on Cyprus in the last two years, if not in the last
30 or 50 years.

If this "Turkish Plan" is good for Cyprus, why not for Turkey!

**** George Gregoriou Professor, Critical Theory and Geopolitics

s.php?name=News&file=article&sid=5913

–B oundary_(ID_3AkeFxinjRB2d1V9NFokPg)–

http://www.greeknewsonline.com/module

Karabakh Constitution Adopted In Referendum

KARABAKH CONSTITUTION ADOPTED IN REFERENDUM
By Karine Kalantarian in Stepanakert and Emil Danielyan

Radio Liberty, Czech rep
Dec 11 2006

Nagorno-Karabakh’s first-ever constitution declaring the
Armenian-populated territory an independent state was overwhelmingly
approved by voters in a weekend referendum criticized by the
international community, officials in Stepanakert said on Monday.

According to preliminary results of the vote released by the local
Central Election Commission, almost 99 percent of over residents who
went to the polls on Sunday voted for the constitution drafted by the
ethnic Armenian leadership of the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh
Republic (NKR). The CEC put the voter turnout at 87 percent.

To pass, the basic law needed the backing of at least one third of
the region’s 90,000 eligible voters. The authorities in Stepanakert
said its passage reaffirmed Karabakh’s de facto secession from Soviet
Azerbaijan in the late 1980s.

"I am confident that the adopted document will reinforce
Nagorno-Karabakh statehood and deepen democratization processes going
on here," Arkady Ghukasian, the NKR president, told reporters in the
Karabakh capital.

The Karabakh leadership went ahead with the vote despite the ongoing
peace talks between Armenia and Azerbaijan on an internationally backed
peace deal that would delay agreement on the disputed region’s status
until the final stage of the peace process. Ghukasian has repeatedly
voiced misgivings about the proposed formula.

In Yerevan, President Robert Kocharian was quick to welcome the
referendum outcome, saying that the Karabakh Armenians "reaffirmed
their resolve to live in freedom." "This referendum, which met
the highest democratic standards, was another milestone in the
establishment of Nagorno-Karabakh’s independence," Kocharian said in
a congratulatory message sent to Stepanakert.

Predictably, Azerbaijan condemned the holding of the vote. "That
referendum is a regular farce," Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov
was quoted by Day.az as saying.

The condemnation was echoed by the governments of Georgia, Moldova
and Ukraine last week. In a joint statement, the foreign ministers of
the four ex-Soviet states making up the GUAM grouping said the vote
will undermine international efforts to resolve the Karabakh conflict.

Armenia angrily rejected the criticism, with Foreign Minister Vartan
Oskanian accusing Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine of "meddling into
an issue which does not concern them." He said the NKR has built a
"lawful, well-regulated internal governance system" and therefore
has a legitimate right for a basic law.

The Azerbaijani position on the issue was also effectively backed
by the European Union and the Council of Europe. "The EU recalls
that it does not recognize the independence of Nagorno-Karabakh. It
recognizes neither the ‘referendum’ nor its outcome," the 25-nation
bloc said in a statement.

"This Sunday’s vote organized by the ‘de facto’ authorities of
Nagorno-Karabakh cannot have any legal validity," Terry Davis,
secretary general of the Council of Europe, said separately from
Strasbourg. "It will not be recognized by the international community
and is therefore of no consequence."

Davis went on to play down the Karabakh Armenians’ role in the peace
process, saying that the "main responsibility for the settlement is
with the political leadership of Armenia and Azerbaijan."

French, Russian and U.S. mediators co-chairing the OSCE Minsk Group
also dismissed the ballot. "Conducting such a referendum now, thus
preempting the final legal status of Nagorno-Karabakh, rather than
forging a compromise is particularly unhelpful at a moment when the
OSCE Minsk Group-mediated negotiations between Armenia and Azerbaijan
appear to be on a constructive path," read a joint statement issued
by them.

The mediators stressed at the same time that the Karabakh vote "will
have no negative effect on emerging prospects for an agreement between
the sides on basic principles for the settlement of the conflict."

Giving Care: A Full-Time Job; Hanover Wife Gets By Without Much Help

GIVING CARE: A FULL-TIME JOB; HANOVER WIFE GETS BY WITHOUT MUCH HELP FROM STATE
By Sue Scheible

The Patriot Ledger, MA
Dec 11 2006

Elsa Hart got her hopes up when she read that Massachusetts will
now pay family caregivers. "My elation didn’t last long," said Hart,
who is 71 and has provided round-the-clock care for her 84-year-old
husband, Vartan, since his massive stroke four years ago. Two new
state programs don’t include spouses or parents among the caregivers
paid for what they do. Children and other family members are eligible.

"It’s a shame, because I really could use some help here," Hart said.

She begins her days at 3 a.m., when her husband wakes up, and is on
duty until 8 p.m. when they both go to sleep.

They have been married for 49 years. Her husband, called Varty,
had a massive stroke in April 2002. It left him unable to speak
and paralyzed on his right side, but he understands what is said,
recognizes family and friends, enjoys TV and smiles often.

After the stroke, he was hospitalized and went to a nursing home for
nearly three months of rehabilitation. But after he lost 30 pounds
and Elsa saw how unhappy he was, she brought him home to Hanover.

"You could see it in his eyes," she said.

The state has two programs that will pay some caregivers but does
not include spouses or parents – apparently because for them, it is
considered a family duty.

"I don’t mind doing it all," Hart said.

She once worked as a nurse’s aide and is clearly devoted to her
husband and cheerful about her lot. But she does get tired and she
does feel confined.

"Some days, I feel that if I don’t get out, I’m going to go crazy,
but when I do get away, I’m happy to come home," she said.

The Office of Elder Affairs provides some help. Health aides from
Old Colony Elderly Services in Brockton come in for one hour and 15
minutes a day, Monday through Friday.

But Hart still does a lot of difficult hands-on care for her husband,
who is 6 feet tall and weighs 170 pounds. She changes him several
times a day and moves him around to prevent bed sores and infections.

She feeds him and specially prepares his food and beverages so he
won’t choke.

Whenever he is moved from his bed to his wheelchair, aides must use
a special lift. It requires strength, even to assist. On weekends
and holidays, her two sons come by to help.

"I have never had the feeling of ‘Why me?’ she said. "But I need a
break. I’ve only started feeling this way the past six months."

If the state paid her even a small amount, she could hire someone
skilled to come in for a few more hours a week.

The Harts share a romantic and glamorous past. Vartan Haroutunian
grew up in an Armenian family in Everett and served in World War II,
as did his five brothers and his sister. He flew 37 missions for the
Army Air Forces and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.

After the war, he attended the Boston Conservatory . He played tenor
sax and managed the Jazz Workshop in Copley Square, a hip, popular
night spot.

"He was just so talented," Elsa said.

He was 31 and she was 18 when they met.

Elsa Lindgren grew up in Boston, studied classical violin in high
school and played with the Boston Junior Symphony. Discovering jazz
with her brother opened up a whole new world.

"The Jazz Workshop was full of writers and artists and musicians,"
Hart said. "It had a nice atmosphere. Tony Bennett and Stan Kenton
played there; Barbra Streisand sang a few songs when she stopped by."

Vartan Hart had his own sextet, was in Herb Pomeroy’s Big Band and
played at the first jazz concert in the Isabella Stewart Gardner
Museum ("Jazz Rocks Staid Precincts of Hallowed Gardner" read one
headline). In 1962, he played in the first jazz festival on the Boston
Public Garden.

Before the couple married in 1957, she spent three years traveling
with Sam Snyder’s Water Follies as a synchronized swimmer, visiting
Australia.

They moved to Weymouth and then Hanover in 1971 to raise their two
sons, Eric and Christian, and changed their last name to Hart. He
got a job with more regular hours as manager of Star Market at Queen
Anne’s Corner in Norwell. Eric Hart lives in Hanover and Christian
Hart in Hanson.

When Elsa Hart decided to bring her husband home after his stroke,
the nursing home warned her about the burden.

"The first night I had him at home, I woke up at 3 a.m. There he was
in a hospital bed next to me, and I thought, ‘Oh my God. What have I
done? Can I do this?’ I got up and had a cup of tea and decided that
I could."

Today, he is in relatively good physical shape and enjoys life. He
is happiest when he sees his family, loves to watch sports on TV,
and laughs at his favorite programs such as "The Price Is Right."

"His face says it all," Elsa said. "When his sons or grandsons come
in, he is all smiles."

A recent report by the Caregiving Project for Older Americans warned
of an inevitable crisis, as social changes continue to thin the ranks
of traditional family caregivers while baby boomers nearly double
the demand for them.

Al Norman, executive director of Mass Home Care, said it is not fair
or wise to exclude husbands, wives and parents from state help for
home care.

"If she fails, he will end up in a nursing home at state expense,"
Norman said. "And we will be needing as many family caregivers as we
can find. The baby boomers will be coming along and there won’t be
enough caregivers for them all."

Finding help

Through its Caring Homes program, the state pays caregivers of people
62 and older who are not eligible for MassHealth (Medicaid.). Call
Old Colony Elderly Services in Brockton at 508-584-1561 or Senior
Link at 866-797-4222.

The Enhanced Adult Foster Care program will pay caregivers of
people 16 and older who qualify for MassHealth. Call 800-841-2900
or 800-AGE-INFO.

From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Lives Still Affected By Azeri-Armenian War

LIVES STILL AFFECTED BY AZERI-ARMENIAN WAR
By Matthew Collin

St Petersburg Times, Russia, Russia
Dec 12 2006

I met Ashot in a village just outside the Armenian capital, Yerevan,
at the house of his father, Vladimir, a writer who fled the Azeri
capital, Baku, with his family in the early 1990s, amid the upsurge
of violence between Azeris and Armenians.

Vladimir was leafing through an album of old photographs decorated
with mementos of a lost life in cosmopolitan Baku, where his mother
sang show tunes during the lazy, lovingly remembered Brezhnev era.

All that is gone now. These days, Vladimir’s family members are
"internally displaced persons," although probably never to be
replaced. And Baku is no longer the city Vladimir remembers. Ethnic
Armenians haven’t been welcome for years. His family now lives in a
one-room cottage near a rusty automobile dump. They’re lucky. Some
of the war escapees in this village live in a disused prison.

Then Ashot walked in – 16 years old, hair meticulously gelled, bright
but bashful. He’s a singer too, he said, although it took a bit of
bullying by his father to coax a tune out of him. When it came, it was
unexpectedly in Azeri, a language he doesn’t even speak. It turned out
he had learned it by heart from his grandmother without knowing what
the words meant. So an Armenian boy whose family was driven out by
the Azeris was singing an old Azeri song in a refugee hovel in Armenia.

A few weeks later, I was in the oil boomtown of Baku, listening to
a very different tune: the call to prayer from a city-center mosque.

Standing next to me was Vahid, 20, who comes here every week for
Friday prayers. He said he was studying business and wanted to work
for BP, the key player in the Azeri black gold rush. But he feared he
wouldn’t have enough money to bribe his way through what he said was
a corrupt education system and to afford the private English lessons
he would need to get a job with an international company.

While I waited to speak to the imam, Vahid kept talking. His father
runs a plastics factory, which he managed to build up from nothing in
the few years since the family arrived in Baku. "Arrived from where?"

I asked. From Armenia in the 1990s, he said.

Although they traveled in opposite directions, both Vahid and Ashot
– along with nearly a million others – were displaced by the same
war between Armenia and Azerbaijan. In the continued absence of a
final peace agreement between the two countries, it’s a conflict that
continues to affect the lives and futures of both young men more than
a decade later – and the lives of many others too young to remember it.

Matthew Collin is a journalist based in Tbilisi.