On July 26, the Iranian media reported the statement of the representative of the Iranian army, Mohammad Akraminiya, and said that Tehran stopped its military operations after the USA stopped its attacks.

He emphasized that Iran’s behavior at this stage of the conflict is based on “reciprocity” and that any change in the situation on the ground will lead to a proportionate response from Tehran.

Earlier, the United States halted airstrikes against Iran after nearly two weeks of continuous military operations, as President Donald Trump’s advisers told him there were no more targets to hit and they expressed concern about the depletion of American weapons stockpiles.

Despite this relative ceasefire, yesterday Tehran accused Kiev of attacking an Iranian merchant ship in the Caspian Sea, killing one sailor and injuring several others. Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi stated that the country will not leave this attack unanswered.

Aragchin added, who spoke with the head of EU diplomacy Kaya Kalas and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and told them that Ukraine’s action “cannot go unanswered”.

The incident took place on July 25. Iranian officials reported that the ship loaded with iron was on its way from the Russian city of Astrakhan to the Iranian city of Anzali. Iran’s Foreign Ministry strongly condemned the attack and summoned the charge d’affaires of Ukraine.

Will this Iran-US ceasefire have a long life, in case of resumption of mutual attacks, what developments may take place, and what impact may they have on the region, particularly on Armenia?

Military expert Davit Jamalyan according to them, in the USA they understand, in particular, Trump’s opponents, as well as his entourage, talk about the fact that this latest escalation unleashed against Iran was an adventure.

“The Islamic Republic of Iran, being a self-sufficient country, having a very serious military-industrial complex, moreover, having prospects, being one of the power centers of the multipolar world, having the undisguised support of Russia and China, is not only able to successfully resist this aggression, but also to carry out pre-offensive activity. Therefore, Iran has confronted the United States with a serious fact, which is causing a serious blow to its reputation.

Trump is trying to keep his face, which, of course, is an adventure.” 168.am–Davit Jamalyan said in a conversation with

According to the military expert, these processes will bring to the international stage forces that, of course, existed before, but their positions will be further strengthened. these powers are Iran, Russia and China.

Davit Jamalyan is sure that these mutual military attacks will end in a so-called “draw”, mostly in favor of Iran, because the blows that Iran inflicts on the United States are very painful. The USA has no countermeasures against all that, unlike Iran, which knew about hitting it.

“Yemen also joined this whole process, the Houthis attacked Saudi Arabia. Along with closing the strait, international maritime trade and oil prices will rise, a serious blow will be inflicted on the US economy, that is, there is no good scenario for Trump. And for Iran, of course, the losses were big and painful, but Iran is in an advantageous position, it came out as the winner in the first two stages of escalation.

If you have noticed, Israel is not openly interfering in this third escalation, because Iran has dealt very painful blows to Israel, several more such blows, and Israel may not be able to withstand anymore,” our interlocutor added.

According to Davit Jamalyan, Iran has not only not lost its missile industry, but it is also rapidly replenishing it. Iran even went so far as to supply representatives of its armed forces and weapons to Yemen.

As for Armenia, according to the expert, under these conditions it is obvious that TRIPP has no prospects.

“A year ago, when Nikol Pashinyan in fact handed over territory to Azerbaijan and Turkey under the American auspices, in order to keep his power, in fact, he handed over a “corridor”. At that time, the influence of the USA in the region was greater than it is now. It is very clearly stated that this “corridor” will be opened according to their wishes and according to their rules. The tragedy for us is that according to the perception of the power centers, Armenia is not a subject, but an object. The problem is, in this case, under what conditions that “corridor” can be opened.

If there is a change of power in Armenia, which I think is inevitable and will happen sooner or later, the new government, after restoring normal relations with Iran and Russia, should simply throw the so-called TRIPP into the dustbin of history and raise the positions of Armenia’s subjectivity and negotiate from those positions.

I would like to say one more thing: this path of the friendly people of Iran should be very instructive for us, how they were able to use the time and turn into someone who dictates conditions to the United States,” emphasized Davit Jamalyan.

Let’s remind that mutual strikes between Iran and the US were stopped on June 18, after which they talked about starting negotiations and signing an agreement, but the strikes resumed a few days after the cease-fire.

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Recently, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev confirmed changes in the country’s Housing Code, the laws “On the status of refugees and forcibly displaced persons (internally displaced persons)” and “On the social protection of forcibly displaced persons and their equalized persons”.

According to the new norms, a permanent housing fund will be created in the territories “liberated from occupation” (quotation marks: – M.P.), in which the residential areas included will be provided to forcibly displaced people, with the condition that they will be left as property later. The order of resettlement of Azerbaijani citizens, delivery of their apartments and formalization of ownership rights will be decided by the authorized state body.

We learn from Azerbaijani sources that previously such objects were allocated on the basis of lease agreements.

With those changes, the grounds for terminating the status of a forcibly displaced person are also clarified. A person will lose that status when he is provided with an apartment instead of his previous place of residence in the occupied or “liberated” territories of Artsakh, and even if he refuses to receive an apartment under such conditions.

By the way, the new legislative changes also apply to those citizens or persons who have already received an apartment and resettled in the “liberated areas”, which, according to the Azerbaijani authorities, will enable them to use the legal guarantees provided by the legislation.

And months ago, Azerbaijani MP Razi Nurulayev in the Mill Mejlis had suggested for the returnees to Karabakh to build their houses with their own funds, because the state should not cover the costs of housing construction alone, especially when many settlers return after a short time to where they lived for the last 30 years; eg Baku.

“Today we are building houses, utility services and infrastructure for the displaced persons at the expense of the state. But what is the result? Some of the settlers return after some time. In my opinion, the main role of the state should not be to build houses, but to create conditions. When a resident builds his own house, he is more firmly attached to that land.
During construction, they get used to the place, get to know the surroundings, look for means of income, and neighborly relations are formed. It is also a psychologically and socially healthier model. In addition, this is significantly cheaper for the state budget, because citizens will build their houses twice cheaper than at present,” Nurulayev elaborated.

But Aliyev has his own plans to increase the number of settlers in the occupied Artsakh territories. We have written more than once that after the first Artsakh war, Baku from all international platforms announced of more than 1 million refugees and forcibly displaced people.

However, 6 years have passed since the 44-day war, as a result of which significant areas of Artsakh came under the control of Azerbaijan, and it has been almost 3 years since Artsakh has been completely depopulated, but Aliyev has not even managed to 90.000 resettle a person.

According to July 6, 2026, “in Karabakh and Eastern Zangezur resettled 88,123 thousand people”.

And today the Ministry of Finance of Azerbaijan reported that in the first half of 2026, 1 billion was allocated to the restoration of “liberated territories”. 64,1 million manats, moreover, 371,1 million manats for the design and construction of residential complexes.

Now, what about Aliyev’s latest decision?

In essence, he is trying to secure the desired and promised result of the resettlement process through “blackmail”.

It should be noted that in December 2023, Aliyev had announced that they plan to have in Karabakh by the end of 2026 140.000 settler, that is, in the coming months, the dictator of Baku will be able to approach 50.000 bring people to “liberated areas” promising legal guarantees.

Time will tell if Aliyev will succeed in this. However, it is clear that the latest legislative changes related to Azerbaijani refugees and their resettlement prove that Aliyev has failed the resettlement process and is now trying to ensure certain results, at the cost of losing or narrowing the meaning of the concept of “return to homeland”.

What is it about? Oxu.az elaborated that in the past, independent temporary accommodation of forcibly displaced persons was allowed under the condition that it would not violate the rights and legal interests of other persons, and in the event of such a situation, the bodies of the executive power of Azerbaijan were obliged to ensure the transfer to another apartment within the same settlement.

And now, according to the Azerbaijani media, the new law, in fact, removes the restriction of being tied to the same residence, and now in similar cases, the bodies of the executive power are obliged to offer displaced people another residential space without territorial attachment.

And this is exactly what we mean when we say that we are dealing with the substantive loss or narrowing of the concept of “return to the homeland”.

In other words, it is not necessary for an Azerbaijani who has the status of “forcefully displaced” to have his own apartment in the place where he lived before the first Artsakh war. By the way, even before this information was circulated in Azerbaijani sources that the country’s authorities tried people resettle in the places where they have never lived, for example, in the occupied Red Market and Haterk areas, or in the occupied Artsakh areas, where mainly Armenians lived even in the Soviet period.

And it is very possible that the newly created fund will include less resettled settlements and areas, so it is not accidental that the law did not exclude the fact of refusing the apartment to be provided by the government.

In this context, let us add that on one occasion we wrote, that Aliyev is trying to rush to create conditions close to the city in the villages, because many of the settlers are sent from Baku, where they have lived for the past 30 years, and return there shortly after.

In other words, Aliyev considers the resettlement of the “liberated territories” both to solve some problems on the international stage and in the context of the security of Karabakh.

Moreover, on one occasion, the propaganda machine of Baku opened “parentheses” that for Baku, the issue of Karabakh security is no less important than the economic recovery of the region, because the main priority is to ensure the normal and safe life of people returning to the liberated territories.

Therefore, according to Baku, along with creating civil infrastructures, a modern security system is also being formed, so that the next attempts to test the strength of the region or to question the established realities, whoever it may be, will be stopped.

In other words, in order to legitimize the creation of security and military structures, Aliyev also needs this resettlement in specific areas. The problem is to show that resettlement is actively being carried out, and the president of Azerbaijan cares very little that many of the citizens of Azerbaijan may not return to their “place of birth-residence”. And, it is not important at all that the propaganda machine of Baku has publicly provided exciting scenes so far.

And the same will happen in the case of the possible return of “Western Azerbaijanis” to Armenia, when among the returnees there will also be those who were not born and lived in Armenia, after all, many Azerbaijanis who went from Armenia to Azerbaijan during the Karabakh movement moved to Russia after a short time due to different treatment.

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“On the initiative of the Armenian side, a telephone conversation between the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin and the Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan took place,” the official Russian Kremlin reports.

According to the Kremlin, the Russian President reaffirmed his loyalty to the joint statement of the leaders of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia at the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) summit held in Astana on May 29, 2026, which refers to the steps taken by the Republic of Armenia towards joining the European Union.

“Particularly, Vladimir Putin emphasized the need to hold a nationwide referendum in Armenia as soon as possible on the matter of joining the European Union or remaining in the Eurasian Economic Union,” said the official Russian message.

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168TVof “Trigger” the guest of the program political scientist Rostislav Ishchenko.

During the program, the most significant international processes affecting global and regional security were discussed. The expert analyzed the dynamics of confrontation between Russia and the collective West, as well as the situation around Iran.

Special attention was paid to the results of the meeting between the Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and the US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, the discussion of the change in Washington’s approach to the international agenda, and the role of Turkey, which announces its willingness to act as a mediator in a number of regional conflicts.

During the program, the situation in the Ukrainian direction, the problems of replenishment of the armed forces of Ukraine, the sentiments of the Ukrainian society, as well as the issues related to the further military and political support of the Western countries to Kiev were also discussed.

A significant part of the conversation was devoted to the South Caucasus. The impact of the ongoing geopolitical changes on the region, the policies of Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, the prospects of Armenian-Russian relations, as well as the possible risks and scenarios of the development of the situation were discussed.

In addition, the expert commented on the visit of the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev to Germany, his negotiations with the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Friedrich Merz and the significance of that visit for regional diplomacy.

At the end of the program, Rostislav Ishchenko assessed the current state of Armenia’s relations with Russia, indicating the key challenges and possible options for the further development of the political situation in the South Caucasus.

Hayk Derzyan

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168TV’s “Zara Has a Question” the guest of the program Economist Nairi Sargsyan is the leader of “Armenia is me” initiative.

Below are some theses expressed by Nairi Sargsyan during the conversation:

• Russia is now going the way of turning Armenia’s economy into a planned economy, and they won’t be able to work against it, they won’t be able to implement any other planning, any diversification, regardless of their, sorry, lot of talk. Russia will say: you will produce this much, I will get it. you can’t produce more.

The deterioration of economic relations with Russia has a very long chain, a chain reaction. not exporting such a volume immediately leads to not producing the rest of the batch at all, because the entrepreneur produces for two markets: the domestic market and the Russian market. The sum of 2 allows them to service: credit costs, irrigation costs, salary costs, etc. If we remove the large batch of exports, then their fixed costs are so high that they are not directly involved in agriculture.

If they are not engaged in agriculture, the Republic of Armenia starts to import, that is, approximately 150,000 people, who are involved and employed in the agricultural economy, leave agricultural employment. Next is the processing industry, if it was not produced, naturally, the processing industry cannot work. If the processing industry does not work, employees are fired, and in that case, naturally, consumption is already reduced.  a person does not receive money, salary, income, so that he can go buy bread, buy shoes, buy clothes, etc.

• In terms of price-quality combination, Armenian products cannot go to Europe. Can Armenia produce? Yes, it can. To produce, we need to see a three-level or tripartite cooperation: government, business, science. What do we see? for example, the dissolution of the National Academy of Sciences, small increases in science investments that are not enough, including for laboratory experiments. If science, government, and business work together, yes, it is possible to get a new, high-quality product that can be sold in Europe.

No nationalization is taking place in Armenia. Property redistribution is taking place in Armenia. And since the world is in “turbulence”, the world’s security architecture of 5 years ago no longer exists, a new architecture is being built, and no one yet knows who can go into which zone of influence. Therefore, whoever achieves, takes it.

• If I’m not mistaken, the estimate of the HEC was between 800 million and 1 billion dollars, let it be around half a billion dollars for the “Ararat Cement” factory. Where will Armenia pay 1.5 billion dollars for nationalization, what is it about? It is obvious, isn’t it, that the budget of the Republic of Armenia with 8 billion dollars will not implement the nationalization of the two largest objects in one year, when the budget is closed with a deficit, that is, the state debt still needs to be raised to be able to fulfill the 2026 budget.

In other words, it is obvious that there is a redistribution of property. What happened to Ameria Bank? While Ruben Vardanyan was sitting in Baku prison, the bank’s shares were completely sold. how did it happen, why did it happen? In other words, one of the largest banks in Armenia, the electricity networks of Armenia, the largest cement producer… simply, new capital owners are brought to the Republic of Armenia, who will work with them much more easily, who will be much more subordinate to them, will never rebel, or, perhaps, people dictated by their masters from outside should be investors in Armenia to manage all strategic objects.

Power will reach everyone. didn’t he reach the president of his National Assembly, didn’t he reach several other ministers, didn’t he reach the heads of the government staff, who meekly and submissively serve him all the time? Yes, they will always succeed. One early, one late. it will reach everyone indiscriminately. That’s why we have to face this, so much.

• TRIPP has a very uncertain future. is unpromising at the moment. What is TRIPP? Permit for crossing the state border of Armenia. 2 from the borders, both from the western and eastern borders. It is the state border that gives the passability, it is called the customs border. As soon as the name became a customs border, only the Republic of Armenia does not decide anymore, because the Republic of Armenia is still a member of the EAEU.

Armenia lost its subjectivity a long time ago, and Nikol Pashinyan goes on some active vacations in various regions, etc., and outside decides the fate of the Republic of Armenia, Syunik, etc. He has no part in it at all.

• Taxes have been increased so that Nikol Pashinyan can buy bicycles, then run a bicycle race with the government, to carry out constant repairs of ministries or government offices, to buy new vehicles.

• Do you see who our biggest taxpayers are? banks. What does the entry of so many banks in the first twenty mean? means that the society lives on loans.

• If the sales in the Russian market were blocked, the producer in Armenia will no longer produce. The gap of unproduced goods is always filled by importers. Who is in a much more favorable position here: Turkey, because what we produce in Armenia is produced in Turkey.

These actions of Nikol Pashinyan lead to an increase in the volume of imports from Turkey to Armenia. This means an increase in dependence on Turkey, and also a lack of supplies to solve any political issue.

For example, Turkey can say: you know, I am stopping the supply of some goods to the Republic of Armenia until you go to make such and such a statement from the UN podium, or make such and such a speech in the European Parliament.

Details in the video

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In the 2020s, the South Caucasus again became one of the key areas of competition for external actors. After the change in the balance of regional forces, the aggravation of the question of the post-conflict structure of Armenian-Azerbaijani relations, and the activation of the USA, Turkey, and Iran, infrastructural connectivity began to be considered as a tool for political influence, strengthening presence, and forming new dependencies.

Transport corridors touch on issues of sovereignty, security, market access, transit control and symbolic leadership, turning the South Caucasus into a theater of competing models of regional order.

One of the most notable was the TRIPP project. In parallel, the Azerbaijani-Turkish “Zangezur Corridor”, the Armenian “Crossroads of Peace” project, the Araks Corridor (from the main part of Azerbaijan to Nakhichevan, through the territory of Iran, bypassing Armenia, with a possible exit to Turkey and the Persian Gulf), the Trans-Caspian or Middle Corridor, the “North-South” International Transport Corridor, the Persian Gulf-Black Sea are being promoted in the region. Corridor along the Iran-Armenia-Georgia route, and the EU-Azerbaijan-Georgia-Romania-Hungary Black Sea Energy and Digital Corridor, which provides for the transmission of electricity and data from the South Caucasus to Europe.

The analysis of these projects shows that the main competition is not so much between the roads as between the principles and procedures of their management: sovereign control or external mediation, exclusive access or mutual open communication.

This panorama requires Russian initiatives, including the “Putin’s Way” project, which has been submitted “Russia and the world. dialogues-2026. “New reality” at the international conference. The route should connect Russia to Armenia via Abkhazia and Georgia, restore direct transport links and provide access to wider South Caucasian and Iranian infrastructure.

The concept of “road” itself means not only a transport route, but also a movement towards a new model of regional communication, restoration of trust and reconciliation of the interests of the South Caucasus states. It reflects the Russian approach to regional development through dialogue, interdependence and joint perspectives, as well as the geostrategic and political-communicative meaning of the initiative. The initiative received a great response in the mass media.

Some foreign experts began to see it as a countermeasure that symbolically challenges the American TRIPP and is aimed at maintaining the Russian presence in the regional transport architecture. Without entering into a debate, let us mention two circumstances.

First of all, the Russia-Abkhazia-Georgia-Armenia route existed long before TRIPP. Railway communication through the territory of Sukhum ensured the connection of Moscow with Tbilisi and Yerevan.

It was stopped after the collapse of the USSR and the Georgian-Abkhaz War, including the destruction of the Ingur Bridge in 1992. That is why the “Putin’s Way” initiative is not related to TRIPP, but has been modernized based on real experience.

Second, Russia is considering the restoration of railway communication with Georgia through the territory of Abkhazia as part of the unblocking of transport and political communications in the Caucasus.. After the resumption of air traffic in 2023, the Russian Foreign Ministry approved the further regulation of relations with Tbilisi the willingness and in February 2026 A. Overchuk spoke About the possibility of restoring the railway route through Abkhazia.

Thus, the initiative corresponds to the Russian trajectory of gradual restoration of transport, humanitarian and political ties between the countries of the South Caucasus and the neighboring states.

Geostrategic significance

The “Putin Way” initiative is interlinked with such Russian strategic interests as maintaining cooperation in the near abroad, developing Eurasian transport links, strengthening economic security and countering external monopolization of the South Caucasus infrastructure agenda.

In the concept of foreign policy of the Russian Federation for 2023, the near abroad is defined as a priority direction, and Russia’s goal is to turn the region into a zone of peace, neighborliness and prosperity.

The geo-economic significance of the initiative is related to the problems of the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030 (forecasted until 2035), which envisages the development of international transport corridors, transit potential and logistics services.

For Russia, this route could reduce dependence on a limited number of southern destinations and expand access to Iran and the Middle East.:

While TRIPP is primarily aimed at including Armenia in the East-West route, the Russian initiative proposes a North-South route linking Russia, Abkhazia, Georgia and Armenia with a potential exit to Iran.

Integration with the North-South International Transport Corridor (NCT) could strengthen the role of participating countries as Eurasian transport hubs and provide them with additional access to Middle East markets.

For Russia, the project means maintaining direct contact with Armenia. Strengthening of positions in Abkhazia, involvement in Georgian transit policy and formation of parallel Western-Turkish-Azerbaijani logistics configuration.

It shows that the unblocking of communications is possible not only in the Western or Azerbaijani-Turkish format. In this sense, “Putin’s way” is a means of adjusting the regional balance of forces and corresponds to the logic of the formation of a multi-vector and multi-polar world of the countries of the South Caucasus.

Moreover, it is understood that the practical implementation of the project is limited by the political status of Abkhazia, the position of Georgia, balancing interests of Armenia and the competition of external actors: But these contradictions can become not only obstacles, but also the subject of agreements, because the common infrastructural interest can create additional space for dialogue.

The political and communicative significance of the “Putin’s Way” initiative

Under the conditions of TRIPP’s advancement, the transport problems of the South Caucasus go beyond the boundaries of economic logic and become an area of ​​symbolic competition of external actors.  Infrastructure routes are seen not only as ways to transport goods and passengers, but also as political statements about who can shape regional connectivity architecture.

In this context, “Putin’s Way” presents Russia as an actor that offers mutually beneficial solutions and new opportunities to each participant of the project.

The initiative can contribute to easing the historically accumulated contradictions and the conflict legacy of the collapse of the USSR, which defined the relations between Georgia, Armenia and Abkhazia.

The main political and communication problem of the South Caucasus remains the lack of trust. The force scenario can change the positions of the parties, but it does not create stable order and lasting peace, but only transfers the contradictions into a latent form. For example, the Karabakh case shows the risks of perceiving the outcome of the situation as the final solution. And in reality, collective injuries, mutual concerns and the feeling of historical injustice are preserved at least among the two parties, the Karabakh people and the Armenians.

Therefore, today it is necessary to think not in the categories of achieved excellence, but in the perspective of joint existence։

“Putin’s way” can become a practical tool for increasing trust and replacing the logic of division and conflict with the logic of mutual necessity and agreement. Regular transportation, agreed rules, mutual obligations and a common security interest will create conditions for predictable interaction. It is from such practices that peace is gradually formed, which cannot be established exclusively by force. Thus, the initiative turns the transport route into a tool for new political communications and the future peaceful construction of the South Caucasus.

Benefits for countries participating in the “Putin Way” initiative

Apart from its geostrategic importance, the practical implementation of the Putin Way initiative can create direct benefits for each participating country.

For Armenia, the project can become not only a transport route, but also a tool for strengthening foreign political subjectivity. The land link with Russia is highly dependent on the Upper Lars crossing, whose operation is subject to seasonal restrictions, snowfall and avalanche danger. An alternative route through Abkhazia and Georgia will reduce dependence on one direction and increase the stability of foreign trade.

Since 2008, the railway system of Armenia has been under the concession management of the subsidiary company “Russian Railways”, but the lack of transit communication through the territory of Georgia and Abkhazia limits its possibilities.

The restoration of the railway route would allow the transportation of raw materials, heavy cargo, industrial and agricultural products to be cheaper. For a landlocked country, this also provides an opportunity to become a link between the Eurasian north, Iran and the Persian Gulf.

«“Putin’s way” can counterbalance TRIPP and reduce Armenia’s dependence on the dynamics of American interests. The emergence of the northern route will allow Yerevan to maintain a multi-vector policy. The socio-humanitarian significance of the route stems from the facilitation of contacts with the Armenian communities of Abkhazia, Georgia and Javakhk, as well as the development of tourism on the Russia-Abkhazia-Georgia-Armenia route.

For Georgia, the initiative can become a tool for strengthening the transport and geo-economic role. Its territory is capable of connecting East-West and North-South directions, providing transit revenue, handling freight and passenger flows, and infrastructure development.

The creation of coordinated transit mechanisms in the Abkhazian direction is of particular importance.  If agreements are reached, mutually acceptable customs, legal and technical procedures can be established to ensure the safety and predictability of transportation. This would allow the route to be used not only as a source of income, but also as a mechanism for the gradual formation of transparent economic relations with Abkhazia.

Through traffic can stimulate the development of logistics centers, road services, hotel business, public catering, gas stations and repair infrastructure.

Tourist and passenger flows from Russia to Armenia will create additional demand on the territory of Georgia, and control over the key part of the route will strengthen its negotiating positions.

For Abkhazia, “Putin’s way” can become a tool to get out of the transport periphery and partly from international isolation. The republic can turn from a dead end into a transit section of the Russia-Georgia-Armenia route and earn income from transportation, passenger transportation and logistics services.

As the restoration of communications will require upgrading railways and highways, energy, digital and service infrastructure, it will create jobs, increase regional connectivity and support small businesses.

The inclusion of Abkhazia in the international route can also increase the tourist flow, including in the off-season sector, and expand the access of local producers to the markets of Armenia and potentially Iran. Participation in the project will strengthen the political subjectivity and political-communication significance of Abkhazia.

For Russia, the “Putin Way” means maintaining a leading role in unblocking regional communications and shows that the US, Turkey and other external actors are not the only architects of the South Caucasus’ future.

The economic effect will be related to the promotion of production, employment, trade and development of the border areas. Russian companies can get new opportunities in the fields of construction, modernization of transport infrastructure, logistics, insurance and transport services. The route can reduce the cost of supplying Russian goods to Armenia and expand access to the markets of Iran and the Middle East.

Conclusions

Ամփոփելով՝ Several communication architectures are proposed in the South CaucasusThe North-South International Transport Corridor, the US-Armenia TRIPP, the Azerbaijan-Turkey Zangezur Corridor, the Armenian Crossroads of Peace, the EU-backed Trans-Caspian Corridor, and Iranian routes through Armenia or along the Araks River. Although the same infrastructure segments may be included in different projects, there is competition between the management principles of these projects.

“Putin’s Way” has a meaning that goes beyond the usual transport and logistics project. It has a political-communicative and geo-strategic meaning aimed at creating conditions and opportunities for dialogue and trust between the countries of the South Caucasus.

“Putin’s Way” is one of the models of interconnectedness based on historically and geographically formed Russia-South Caucasus ties. It does not allow to monopolize the topic of unblocking regional communications by external actors in order to realize their interests, without a real effort to ease the tension in the South Caucasus.

Participants in the “Putin Way” initiative have their own benefits and interests, but they are united by a common interest in restoring regional connectivity and predictability of mutual relations. Therefore, there is a possibility that the basis of the agreement on the project (not the deal, but the agreement itself) will for the first time not be the coincidence of political positions, but the emergence of new non-political conditions for consensus, the search for compromises, opportunities for dialogue and, ultimately, the restoration of lost trust.

Vladislav Gasumyanov

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Director of the National Research Institute of Communications Development, Head of the Department of Corporate Security at the Institute of International Energy Policy and Diplomacy of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO)

interaffairs.ru

Translation by Zhanna Avetisyan

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