Category: 2018
Art: Vingt toiles de l’artiste arménien au bar lounge du Prado
Nor Arax: il villaggio armeno a Bari – Nor Arax, an Armenian Village in Bari (article in Italian)
Di Concetta Colucci
C’è un luogo fisico, un villaggio, vicino Bari, sulla via di Capurso, che novant’anni fa ha unito due popoli e le loro storie.
E’ il villaggio di Nor Arax, che nel 1924 accolse poco più di un centinaio di profughi armeni in fuga dal primo genocidio della storia moderna, durante gli anni ricordati come quelli del “grande crimine”.
Migliaia di persone, in fuga da Smirne, in fiamme dopo la conquista da parte dei turchi, furono deportate in campi di concentramento: da qui ottanta di loro vennero liberate, riuscendo ad essere imbarcate a bordo di una nave della società di navigazione “Puglia”.
Gli ottanta fortunati superstiti, approdarono a Bari, attraverso il Pireo, grazie al sostegno di un poeta armeno, Hrand Nazariantz, che prima di loro nella stessa città si era rifugiato nel 1913 salvandosi dalla sentenza di morte emessa per il suo impegno politico non gradito al potere. Gli altri intellettuali armeni rimasti in Turchia furono deportati in Anatolia e uccisi.
Un massacro perpetrato dal partito dei Giovani Turchi intorno al 1915. Furono circa un milione e mezzo le persone coinvolte nelle marce della morte e furono le vittime per le quali la Turchia non ha mai ammesso la definizione di genocidio, dichiarando quello un atto di difesa contro l’insurrezione del popolo armeno. Attualmente ventidue Paesi, fra cui l’Italia, riconoscono ufficialmente il genocidio. Stati Uniti e Israele non lo riconoscono.
A Bari, il “popolo che fu il più insidiato, il più perseguitato, il più tradito tra i popoli della Terra”, così come lo descrisse Nazariantz, trovò un pezzetto d’Armenia nel villaggio Nor Arax, la città che li ha accolti malgrado le precarie condizioni economiche in cui vivevano i baresi stessi e che oggi si fa portavoce della richiesta di riconoscimento, a livello internazionale, del genocidio del 1915.
Hrand Nazariantz, il poeta armeno, visse in Puglia, la terra che lo ospitò durante il suo esilio, fino alla sua morte, ma mai smise di pensare alla sua terra di origine e al popolo armeno. Questo popolo è stato l’unico nella storia a subire due genocidi, uno alla fine dell’800 e l’altro durante la Prima Guerra Mondiale, anticipando di qualche decennio lo sterminio ebraico.
Con il supporto economico del “Comitato Barese Pro Armenia”, Nazariantz riuscì a portare a Bari i suoi amici connazionali salvandoli da una morte atroce. Da esule in Italia lavorò senza tregua e con passione alla causa del suo popolo. La casa editrice Laterza creò per lui la collana “Conoscenza Ideale dell’Armenia” e lo nominò direttore. Numerosi intellettuali italiani e stranieri suggerirono la sua candidatura per l’assegnazione del Premio Nobel per la Letteratura, che quell’anno, era il 1953, fu assegnato invece a Winston Churchill.
Il villaggio si chiama Nor Arax in memoria di Arax o Arasse, il nome del fiume che scorre alle pendici del monte Ararat che per quegli armeni che giunsero a Bari dal mare assunse un nuovo significato, divenendo il nome del villaggio che li avrebbe accolti e nel quale avrebbero vissuto insieme agli altri quaranta profughi che arrivarono in Puglia sei mesi dopo il primo sbarco.
Il villaggio di via Amendola a Bari, costituito da casupole in legno e cemento, diede modo agli armeni di avere una nuova vita in un luogo di pace e l’inclinazione al commercio dei baresi si unì alla antica tradizione della comunità armena di lavorare tappeti di alta qualità, in un clima di risolutezza che non si indurisce davanti al dolore. Questo luogo, di cui molti figli o nipoti degli anziani profughi continuano a mantenere vivo il ricordo, era costituito da una villa di campagna e da alcune casupole prefabbricate donate dall’Austria come pagamento dei danni dovuti all’Italia dopo la guerra. Negli anni a seguire a Nor Arax vissero circa 300 armeni in maniera completamente indipendente. La fabbrica di tappeti raggiunse il grande prestigio di arredare gli interni del treno reale di Vittorio Emanuele III e ancora oggi nel villaggio c’è chi continua a piantare e a curare, in mezzo alle case di nuova costruzione e al cemento, alberi di melograno, simbolo della Armenia.
https://www.ilsudonline.it/nor-arax-villaggio-armeno-bari/
SULLE TRACCE DI SAN GREGORIO – La vita del santo, raccontata nella sua terra
U.S. Closes Door on Christians Who Fled Iran
BYLINE: By MIRIAM JORDAN
LOS ANGELES — They sold their homes and possessions, quit their jobs, and left their country — they thought for good. The Iranians, mainly members of their nation’s Christian minorities, were bound for a new life in America after what should have been a brief sojourn in Austria for visa processing.
But more than a year later, some 100 of them remain stranded in Vienna, their savings drained, their lives in limbo and the promise of America dead.
Even as the Trump administration continued to pledge help to religious minorities in the Middle East, many of whom face persecution, the United States denied their applications for refugee status in recent weeks.
”It’s unexplainable,” said H. Avakian, 35, an ethnic Armenian Christian who arrived in Austria from Iran 15 months ago and asked that his first name be withheld out of fear for his safety. ”Suddenly they said, ‘Now you can’t come.’ We don’t know why.”
Mr. Avakian, who hoped to join his brother, Andre, in Los Angeles, said in a phone interview that he and other refugees were running out of money and descending into depression. ”Most of us cannot go back to Iran; we’re in complete despair,” he said.
Returning to Iran after an attempt to move to the United States would endanger their lives, he and other applicants said, because the government would regard them as enemies of the state.
”We are afraid they will give us a sentence,” Mr. Avakian said. ”They could put us in jail.”
The Iranians applied to resettle in the United States under guidelines set by a 1989 law known as the Lautenberg Amendment, which offers safe haven to persecuted religious minorities. In the group are ethnic Armenian and Assyrian Christians, Mandeans, and Zoroastrians, most of whom have relatives in the United States who sponsored them.
”We have been inundated with calls from concerned family,” said Martin Zogg, executive director of the International Rescue Committee’s office in Los Angeles, home to the largest Armenian community in the country.
The denials have drawn rebukes from religious leaders, human rights groups and lawmakers from both parties, who charge the United States with failing to live up to its promises and who say the applicants risk arrest and torture if they return home.
Refugee arrivals have slowed to a trickle since President Trump, who took office vowing to overhaul immigration, cut the number of people that the United States agreed to admit. But Mr. Trump also promised to protect religious minorities, particularly Christians, and his administration has condemned Iran’s treatment of them.
Enacted in 1989 to enable Jews and Christian minorities from the former Soviet Union to settle in the United States as refugees, the Lautenberg Amendment was expanded in 2003 to include Iranian religious minorities. Austria agreed to serve as a transit point. The applicants cannot work, attend school or receive government benefits while they wait for the United States to process their cases.
Among those denied visas in recent weeks are several elderly and disabled people. As the wait dragged on, many have had to rely on the Roman Catholic Church for lodging and medical treatment, and at least one couple is living in the guest room of the archbishop of Vienna, Cardinal Christoph Schönborn.
”Some of the Iranians have already spent all the money they came with,” said Michael Prüller, the spokesman for the Archdiocese of Vienna. ”Others see their means dwindle by the day.”
Iran’s Constitution proclaims Shiite Islam the official state religion. While it formally recognizes Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians as protected minorities, the government engages in ”systematic, ongoing and egregious violations of religious freedom, including prolonged detention, torture and executions based primarily or entirely upon the religion of the accused,” according to the 2017 report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, which makes policy recommendations to the president and to Congress.
From 2010 to 2016, according to the report, Iranian authorities detained hundreds of Christians, raiding church services, threatening church members, and imprisoning worshipers and church leaders.
Suhaib Nashi, president of the Mandaean Society of America, said he feared for several Mandean families in the Vienna group. Like the Baha’i, Mandeans, who follow the teachings of John the Baptist, lack even the nominal protections of the Iranian Constitution and are thus particularly vulnerable to persecution and pressure to convert to Islam.
Among the Mandeans marooned in Vienna are three relatives of Peiman Khamisi of Batavia, Ill., who arrived through the Lautenberg Amendment nine years ago. In Iran, his relatives pretended to be Muslim to avoid harassment, performed religious rites in secret and were denied access to higher education, he said.
In late January, Representatives Randy Hultgren, Republican of Illinois, and James McGovern, Democrat of Massachusetts, chairmen of the House human rights commission, urged Vice President Mike Pence to expedite approvals for the Iranians.
After the denials, they called on the Department of Homeland Security to provide an explanation. ”These Iranians are members of religious minorities fleeing a regime that has brutally oppressed their communities since 1979,” they said in a statement. ”This being the case, they should be presumed eligible for admittance to the United States as refugees under the Lautenberg Amendment.”
According to the amendment, the government must justify a denial ”to the maximum extent feasible.”
But no reason was given, at least not to those stranded in Austria, or to their relatives in the United States. One family was conditionally approved for refugee status in a March 2017 eligibility letter reviewed by The New York Times. Last month, they were given an ineligibility notice that said their application ”has been denied as a matter of discretion.”
A spokesman for United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, the Homeland Security agency that adjudicates the cases, declined to explain why the family was denied, saying only that ”these individuals were subject to the same rigorous process for resettlement as all refugees.”
Applicants are vetted before they apply for an Austrian transit visa. Once in Vienna, they continue the screening process, pass interviews with Homeland Security and undergo medical exams. Typically, it takes a few months to complete the process, and the approval rate is close to 100 percent.
A State Department spokeswoman said in an email that changes to the United States refugee admissions program in 2016 resulted in ”a greater number of denials in the Vienna refugee program.” She did not elaborate, but other government officials said that the changes entailed enhanced vetting.
The rejections, she said, were unrelated to Mr. Trump’s executive orders barring people from several majority-Muslim countries, including Iran, from entering the country. She added that the United States, Austria and others were working together to find alternatives for the group.
Since 2003, about 30,000 Iranians have settled in the United States thanks to the Lautenberg program. In the fiscal year that ended in September, 1,275 Iranians were admitted, compared with 2,323 the previous year. Another 4,500 still in Iran have registered for the program.
Refugee resettlement officials said that evangelical Christians, who make up more than 90 percent of the Lautenberg pool and hail mainly from Ukraine, continue to arrive as usual.
Some of the Iranians have begun to file appeals with the help of the International Refugee Assistance Project, a nonprofit in New York.
Goharek Garmemasihi, an ethnic Armenian Christian in Los Angeles, said that she had sponsored her brother, sister-in-law, niece and nephew. Within months of arriving in Vienna last year, the parents and their teenage daughter were approved. American authorities informed them that their son, then 22, was still under review. ”They decided to wait together,” Ms. Garmemasihi said.
Fourteen months passed without any word.
In September, officials persuaded the parents and daughter to leave for the United States, assuring them that their son, a 23-year-old university student, would follow soon, according to Ms. Garmemasihi and her nephew, who spoke from Vienna on the condition that he remain unnamed out of fear for his safety.
About 10 days ago, he was notified of the denial. ”It was the worst day of my life,” he said through tears.
He said an appeal, which he just filed, was his last hope.
”I wish this nightmare ends, that I can open my eyes and see my family,” he said. ”I just want to be with them again. I don’t care what it takes.”
Rep. Pallone Commemorates 30th Anniversary of Sumgait Pogroms
U.S. Ambassador Mills Unveils Plans to Expand Yerevan American Corner
Azderbaijani press: Lobby leader acknowledges: Khojaly massacre committed by Armenians
Baku, Azerbaijan, March 2
Trend:
A representative of the Armenian lobby voiced false, biased and distorted information about the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict during the hearings dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Sumgait events, held on Feb. 28 in California by the radical Armenian lobby in the US.
Following the hearings, those sitting in the hall were invited to comment and ask questions. Younger members of the Azerbaijani community in California made strong statements based on facts and exposed the false information voiced at the hearings.
Addressing the senators and a member of the Armenian lobby, who touched upon the Sumgait events, the young members of the Azerbaijani community asked why did not the speakers talk about one million refugees and IDPs, who had been exiled from their native lands as a result of Armenia’s aggression against Azerbaijan, why no one from the Azerbaijani community was invited to deliver speech at the event, and why a one-sided approach was demonstrated during the event.
Members of the Armenian community tried to help Senator Anthony Portantino, who was in a difficult situation and could not answer the questions, and tried to evade them.
Western Region Director of the Armenian Assembly of America, Mihran Toumajan, said in his speech that Armenia committed massacre against the peaceful Azerbaijani population in Khojaly.
“I would like to answer here the questions of Azerbaijani students. They wrongly call the Khojaly events as genocide. The events that happened there are not a genocide, but a tragedy. The videos taken by well-known Azerbaijani journalist Chingiz Mustafayev, who died at the young age, clearly show that the Armenian armed forces warned in advance the Azerbaijanis living in Khojaly of the battles that were to take place in Khojaly,” he said.
“Moreover, the Armenian troops opened a corridor for the civilian population to leave freely,” he claimed. “Many Azerbaijanis could pass through the corridor, but many could not pass. Chingiz Mustafayev and other Azerbaijani reporters noted that many Azerbaijanis were killed because they did not go through the corridor.”
Indeed, this person, Mihran Toumajan, one of the leaders of the Armenian lobby in America, acknowledges the murder of Azerbaijanis by Armenian armed forces in Khojaly and uses a very ridiculous argument to justify this crime.
How can one after all justify the murder of innocent and peaceful people, women, infants and elderly?
Azerbaijani press: MP: Confession of Armenian lobby – a signal to establish military tribunal
Baku, Azerbaijan, March 2
By Elchin Mehdiyev – Trend:
Confession by one of the leaders of the Armenian lobby on the Khojaly genocide during hearings on the 30th anniversary of the Sumgait events at the California State Senate, organized by the radical Armenian lobby in the US, is a serious signal for international community that a military tribunal should be set up for Armenia, said Azerbaijani MP Elman Nasirov.
Nasirov said that following the hearings, young members of the Azerbaijani community in California made harsh statements and exposed the false information they heard during the hearings.
“They left both the senators and representatives of the Armenian lobby in a difficult situation. They asked why at a time when Sumgait events are discussed, no one talks about the Khojaly tragedy, more than one million refugees and internally displaced persons who were exiled from their native lands as a result of Armenia’s aggression against Azerbaijan, why nobody from the Azerbaijani community was invited to the hearings, and why were the issues viewed from a unilateral approach,” he said.
The MP stressed that facing such serious arguments, pro-Armenian senators and representatives of the Armenian lobby fell into difficult situation.
“In such a desperate situation, Armenian Assembly’s Western Region Director Mihran Toumajan confessed. So far, the Armenian leadership and their patrons have tried to show that Armenia was not involved in the Khojaly tragedy, Armenia did not participate in this tragedy and so on. However, this time one of the main figures of the Armenian lobby was forced to recognize that the Khojaly genocide was committed by Armenia. Saying “we have created a corridor for people to leave Khojaly, but some of them left and others stayed, and that is why such a tragedy happened”, he confessed that the Armenian armed forces committed a genocide in Khojaly,” said Nasirov.
“This confession is very important. If today the representatives of the Armenian lobby in the United States recognize that they committed this genocide, then the international community must show its position on this issue. I think it is a serious signal for international community and international organizations to set up a military tribunal over Armenia,” he said.
Azerbaijani press: Murderers of kids and women are among Armenia’s leadership, says MP
Baku, Azerbaijan, March 2
By Samir Ali – Trend:
Murderers of children, women, elderly people are among Armenia’s current leadership headed by Serzh Sargsyan, Elman Mammadov, an MP from Azerbaijan’s Khojaly town, told Trend March 2.
The MP said the confession by one of the leaders of the Armenian lobby on the Khojaly genocide during hearings on the 30th anniversary of the Sumgait events at the California State Senate, organized by the Armenian lobby in the US, was quite expected.
He said both officials and ordinary people in Armenia state that the Armenian government is leading the people into an abyss.
“There are also impartial people among them, and that is not bad,” the MP said. “In fact, the Armenians admitted on Feb. 27, 1992 that they were involved in the tragedy.”
At that time, the Armenian criminal Zori Balayan confessed that he and his friend Khachatur tortured a little Turkic child in Khojaly by nailing him to a wall, said Mammadov.
“Another Armenian journalist from Lebanon confessed that the Khojaly genocide was committed by the Armenians,” Mammadov said. “Today, one of the leaders of the Armenian lobby confirms that the Armenian government, the Armenian Armed Forces committed the Khojaly genocide and the current Armenian leaders and their entourage took part in the genocide.”
The conflict between the two South Caucasus countries began in 1988 when Armenia made territorial claims against Azerbaijan. As a result of the ensuing war, in 1992 Armenian armed forces occupied 20 percent of Azerbaijan, including the Nagorno-Karabakh region and seven surrounding districts.
On Feb. 25-26, 1992, the Armenian armed forces, together with the 366th infantry regiment of Soviet troops, stationed in Khankendi, committed an act of genocide against the population of the Azerbaijani town of Khojaly. As many as 613 people, including 63 children, 106 women and 70 old people were killed in the massacre. Eight families were totally exterminated, 130 children lost one parent and 25 children lost both. Some 1,275 innocent residents were taken hostage, while the fate of 150 people still remains unknown.
The 1994 ceasefire agreement was followed by peace negotiations. Armenia has not yet implemented four UN Security Council resolutions on withdrawal of its armed forces from the Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding districts.