Sur le chemin de Guiragos

Le Journal International
19 oct. 2017


Sur le chemin de Guiragos

 

Crédit photo Louison Bojuc

L‘objectif de ce « Saint Jacques de Compostelle » oriental est de ne pas oublier les Arméniens, Syriaques et Chaldéens déportés puis massacrés dans les déserts syriens et mésopotamiens. Ce fut, notamment le cas, le long du lac de Van et dans les hauts plateaux de la province de Mouch. Durant ce cheminement spirituel, militant et introspectif, chacun pouvait se joindre à sa cause ou suivre son avancée sur Internet. « Une aventure individuelle à l’origine devenue collective » à laquelle s’est notamment joint Jacques Avakian, compagnon de route et co-réalisateur de l’exposition.

 

Crédit photo Louison Bojuc

Pour Pascal Maguesyan, le réveil de la société civile turque face à un gouvernement progressiste a été l’un des facteurs essentiels de la réalisation de cette marche. « Jusqu’à l’été 2015 tout semblait possible.» Une société en ébullition dont le journaliste immortalise la mobilisation et les visages au cours des 900 kilomètres qui le séparent de son objectif. D’ailleurs, il y consacre une des trois parties de son exposition.
Les deux autres parties de cette dernière font état de ce qu’il appelle « les charniers de pierre ». Il s’agit des 2 500 églises et des 500 monastères qui ont été détruits en Arménie Occidentale. A travers ses photographies, Pascal Maguesyan témoigne d’un patrimoine arménien à l’état de ruines, souillé et pillé. Seules l’église Sainte-Croix d’Aghtamar et la cathédrale Sourp Guirados ont pu être restaurées.

L’attentat de Suruç, le 20 juillet 2015 et la militarisation de la région ont contraint Pascal Maguesyan à interrompre cette marche. Il n’a donc pas pu fêter la revivification de la région le 16 août 2015 à Sourp Guiragos. Pourtant, des milliers de personnes étaient attendues à l’occasion des fêtes de l’Ascension.

 

Crédit photo Louison Bojuc

« Entre le nécessaire et le possible, il y a le rêve », lui confiera un ami. « Il est raisonnable de rêver », lui dira un autre de ses proches. Cette expérience est un moyen de partager avec la communauté arménienne les vestiges d’une tragédie passée.
Celle-ci reste toujours tiraillée entre sa reconnaissance par une partie de la Turquie qui demande pardon d’une part et le négationnisme inspiré par l’État turc et certains milieux politiques et intellectuels de l’autre. Pour Pascal Maguesyan, c’est aussi un moyen de faire échos à l’ensemble des peuples qui souffrent dans les sociétés orientales.

 

Crédit photo Louison Bojuc

Turkish Press: Azerbaijani soldier killed in clash at Armenian border

Anadolu Agency, Turkey
Oct 22 2017


Defense Ministry accuses Armenian side of killing Azerbaijani soldier

By Ruslan Rehimov

BAKU, Azerbaijan

An Azerbaijani soldier was killed in a border clash with Armenian forces, officials in Baku said on Sunday.

According to a statement issued by the Azerbaijani Defense Ministry, Cabbar Zeynalov was killed when the Armenian army opened fire on the Azerbaijani side.

The statement did not provide information on when the soldier was killed.

Clashes in the occupied Karabakh region, which pro-Armenian militia took over in 1993, are nothing new.

In April 2016, more than 270 military personnel lost their lives in the worst-ever breach of a 1994 treaty between the sides, according to the Azerbaijani Defense Ministry.

Three UN Security Council Resolutions (853, 874 and 884), and United Nations General Assembly Resolutions 19/13 and 57/298 refer to Karabakh as part of Azerbaijan. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe refers to the region as being occupied by Armenian forces.

Kurdish Crunch

Garen Yegparian

BY GAREN YEGPARIAN

Looks like the Kurds are about to get screwed again, once again affirming their own adage, “The Kurds have no friends.”

Two major developments, and likely lots of other smaller ones, are contributing to this worrisome potentiality.

The September 25 referendum on independence for “Iraqi” Kurdistan turned out 73% of registered voters and they voted in favor to the tune of 93%.

Already on edge because of the very occurrence of the referendum, the four countries which hold sway over Kurdistan have energetically moved to squelch Kurdish hopes. Syria has been, for obvious reasons, the most quiet.

Turkey has come forth with an anti-Kurdish independence and referendum position, hardly a surprise. Yet despite some initial indications to the contrary, Ankara is still allowing Kurdish oil to flow into and through its territory, again no surprise, it is known as “black gold” after all. Erdogan is of course lecturing Erbil about its “mistake” in proceeding with the referendum despite international opposition, and another “no surprise” situation where he is pompously explaining that the Kurds expected to make gains because of the referendum, and instead lost ground.

And literally, they did. Iranian backed Iraqi irregular forces marched into Kirkuk and the Kurdish Peshmerga retreated with only one significant clash. This indicates both Iran’s level of influence in Iraq, since those Shiite forces would not have moved with Tehran’s blessing, and Baghdad’s level of ire and the government’s (PM Haidar Abadi) desperate political need to reassert control, evident in its silence over unofficial forces doing what the government probably lacked the wherewithal to do. There’s an election coming next year in Iraq.

The other major development is the winding down of the ISIS/Daesh campaign. As those religious fanatics are more thoroughly beaten, the relevance of the Kurds in Iraq and Syria decreases. The interest in the Kurds of the major involved, non-proximate powers – U.S., Russia, & some European states – will wane and soon the gentle axes of Ankara, Baghdad, and Damascus may once again swing towards Kurdish necks.

Two interesting positions regarding the Kurds in general and the referendum in particular have emanated from Israel and Russia. Israel is alone among significant powers to opine that it may be time for the Kurds to progress on their long road to statehood. This may simply be a case of the enemy-of-my-enemy-is-my-friend-ism. Israel is certainly at odds with Iran, Iraq, and Syria. But even Turkey, its erstwhile “friend”, now has a very tense relationship. Note the complete concurrence with the states the Kurds are ruled by. It is also especially interesting since Israel and Iran were the agents of U.S. pressure on Iraq in the mid-1970s and armed/supported the Kurdish uprising led by the father, Mustafa Barzani, of the current Kurdish Regional Government’s president, Massoud Barzani. Once each of those three powers got what they wanted, the Kurds were hung out to dry, and Barzani along with his family and closest supporters ended up in the U.S.S.R. (in Baku of all places), plotting, unsuccessfully, to establish Kurdish independence.

Which brings us to Russia. I can not believe the connections established in Mustafa’s day have been allowed to wither. He was known as “the Red Mullah” because of the Soviet connection. It seems to me that it would be in Russia’s interests to support the Kurds. But then once we consider that Syria is a Russian-allied state, Iraq is unstable and subject to Iran, and Iran has been generally friendly with Russia of late, the picture starts to change. Things come into full focus when we consider the Turkey and Russia are in the midst of what can only be described as a rather hot-and-heavy “romantic” (or “extra-marital”) affair while relations between the U.S, and Turkey are probably at their lowest ebb since the establishment of Ataturk’s so-called republic. Why would Russia want to rock that boat?

And where does all this leave Armenians? Artzakh has spoken supportively of the Kurdish referendum. Armenians are generally well treated under Kurdish governance in Iraq and Syria. Instability in the region that helps Kurdish aspirations may also lead to opportunities for restitution from Turkey.

But it can also backfire. The occupation of Kirkuk, the issuance of an arrest warrant by Baghdad for the KRG’s vice-president, and the turmoil created among the Kurds themselves have led to general elections, scheduled for November 1 in Iraqi Kurdistan, being postponed.

I wish I had diplomatic training/experience so I could invent some devious way to turn this mess to Armenians’ advantage. Does anyone have any ideas as to how to proceed? Such initiative could come either from the Diaspora or Yerevan, perhaps both. Let’s get on it.

Baku Pogrom Survivor Liyah Babayan Announces Bid for Twin Falls City Council in Idaho

Liyah Babayan

TWIN FALLS CITY, Idaho – Armenian-American businesswoman and community leader Liyah Babayan is running for the Twin Falls City Council, reports the Idaho Chapter of the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA).

“After serious thought, prayer and the blessing of my family, I am excited to announce my candidacy for Twin Falls City Council and respectfully ask for your vote this November 7th to represent #ThePeopleFirst as your next City Councilwoman,” remarked Babayan in an announcement to her supporters.  “I accept with grace the opportunity to give back to the city and country that gave my family a second chance at life.”

Born in Baku, Azerbaijan, Babayan survived the 1990 pogrom and massacre against Christian Armenians, eventually finding refuge with her family in the US state of Idaho, where she has become a respected small business owner, School Board member, and ANCA activist.

“It is a great pleasure to see young Armenian-Americans, especially survivors of anti-Christian pogroms in Azerbaijan, run for public office in the United States of America,” remarked ANCA Western Region chair Nora Hovsepian. “Liyah’s commitment to civic engagement and justice was best illustrated last year when she led the grassroots pressure that compelled the withdrawing of an absurd resolution in the Idaho legislature, prompting MagicValley.com’s February 18, 2016 headline, ‘Armenian Lobbying Group Kills Idaho Resolution Praising Azerbaijan.’ We wish Liyah best of luck and call on the Armenian-American community to support her noble pursuit of representing the hardworking people of Twin Falls, Idaho on the City Council,” continued Hovsepian.

Donations to Babayan’s campaign can be made online. For details about her campaign, visit www.liyahbabayan.com.

The full text of her biography from LiyahBabayan.com is below:

Local small business owner Liyah Babayan is most known for her hyper-local influence and leadership. Surviving religious persecution and ethnic killings, her family arrived in Twin Falls as refugees when she was ten years old. Liyah watched her educated parents tirelessly work two full time jobs each, lowest paying, entry level to rebuild their life in the United States from absolutely nothing. Homelessness and extreme poverty is a reality Liyah understands first hand, as her family experienced both. To help her family out, Liyah started working at the age of 13 until she graduated from Twin Falls High School. This work ethic became the guiding principle of her life.

Liyah studied military and political science at Southern Oregon University and History at College of Southern Idaho. From a young age she loved the hustle and free market spirit of the American Dream. An entrepreneur at heart, at 22 years old Liyah took a leap of faith. Launching her business Ooh La La Boutique, during the peak of the Great Recession, cultivated her resourcefulness and smart budgeting practices. She knows the important role small business plays in the local economy and personally understands how government can support these leaders to succeed or slow progress with excessive and overreaching regulations. Under Liyah’s direction, Ooh La La became a platform for empowerment in the Magic Valley by raising awareness and resources for various groups. Liyah shares the value of compassionate response throughout our community, addressing various causes dear to her including elderly neglect, cycle of poverty, childhood food insecurity, addiction recovery, and cultural integration of refugees.

Volunteering on various city and civic commissions, Liyah asks the difficult questions and takes a courageous stand on issues affecting the residents of Twin Falls. As a community leader she served three years as our School Board of Trustee, working on budgeting, building schools, and hiring a superintendent. Her leadership style is transparent, bold, and accountable. As a mother, she understands parents and the concern for their children to grow up in a safe and healthy community. Liyah delivers a unique voice and perspective to strategic plans, policy, and decision making. There is a huge difference between being elected and getting things done. Liyah Babayan gets things done! Service to community is the consistent theme of her professional career for the last ten years in the Magic Valley. Representing ‘The People First’ is Liyah’s number one priority as she advocates for a more transparent, inclusive, and responsible local government!

1017 observers and 275 journalists accredited for local elections

Applications for accreditation or changes to the list of accredited observers for the observation mission during the local self-governing bodies’ elections scheduled for November 5 could be submitted to the RA Central Electoral Commission (CEC) by .

CEC reminded about it, adding that 1017 observers from 11 local non-governmental organizations were accredited at the Central Electoral Commission. According to the CEC, the deadline for submission of media representatives’ accreditation applications to the Central Election Commission has also expired today. 275 representatives of 24 local mass media were accredited at the CEC for coverage of the elections and voting during the election day.

On November 5 local self-government elections will be held in 69 communities of Armenia.

Azerbaijan is not ready to constructive talks on NK conflict settlement – senior lawmaker

Categories
Artsakh
Politics
Region

By violating the ceasefire regime on Karabakh-Azerbaijan contact line Azerbaijan shows that it’s not ready to constructive negotiation for the peaceful settlement of Nagorno Karabakh conflict, RPA spokesperson, Vice President of the National Assembly of Armenia Eduard Sharmazanov said after the Executive Body meeting of the party, commenting on the ceasefire violation by Azerbaijan on October 19, as a result of which one serviceman was killed. “Unfortunately, by this shooting Azerbaijan showed the existing gap between its acts in theory and practice. By this Azerbaijan showed that it does not respect its international commitments assumed just a few days ago in Geneva and declared by the Co-chairs and the foreign ministers of the negotiating sides. This shooting was not only against Armenia, but also against the Geneva talks”, Sharmazanov said.

He reminded that a joint statement was issued in Geneva and this was the first joint statement of the recent years adopted not only by the Co-chairs but also by the foreign ministers of Armenia and Azerbaijan. “Both the Co-chair countries and the negotiating parties point out the necessity of a peaceful settlement in that statement and document that measures aimed at alleviating tensions on the contact line should be taken. And alleviating tensions on the contact line means the implementation of the agreements reached and declared by the Co-chairs in Vienna and St. Petersburg”, the Vice President of the National Assembly of Armenia emphasized.

Sharmazanov hoped that at least now the international community will give a clear and direct assessment.

Defense Army serviceman posthumously awarded with “For Service in Battle” medal

Categories
Artsakh
Official

On October 19 President of the Artsakh Republic Bako Sahakyan signed a decree on posthumously awarding serviceman of the Artsakh Republic Defense Army’s N division Tigran Khachatryan with “For Service in Battle” medal for bravery shown during the defense of the Artsakh Republic state border, press service of the President’s Office reported.

RFE/RL Armenian Report – 10/20/2017

                                        Friday, 
Russian Gas Cheaper Than Iranian, Says Armenian Minister
 . Astghik Bedevian
A gas flare on an oil production platform in the Soroush oil fields is
seen alongside an Iranian flag in the Gulf
Armenia imports the bulk of its natural gas from Russia because it is
cheaper than gas supplied by neighboring Iran, Energy Infrastructures
Minister Ashot Manukian insisted on Friday.
Russia gas, which currently costs Armenia $150 per thousand cubic
meters, meets more than 80 percent of the country's annual demand. The
remaining gas imports come from Iran under a swap arrangement
involving supplies of Armenian electricity to the Islamic Republic.
"If a lower price is offered to us, we will definitely buy [more
Iranian gas,]" Manukian told a news conference.
Manukian said Prime Minister Karen Karapetian made this clear during
an official visit to Tehran last week. In his words, Karapetian told
Iran's Oil Minister Bijan Zanganeh: "If you can give us gas at a lower
price, we are ready to directly buy gas from you and partly abandon
this [swap] deal."
Iran - Iran's First Vice-President Eshaq Jahangiri (R) meets with
Armenian Minister for Energy Infrastructures Ashot Manukian in Tehran,
5Dec2016.
The gas-for-electricity exchange is due to be significantly expanded
after the ongoing construction of a third power transmission line that
will connect Armenia to Iran.
A senior executive of the National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC) claimed
in August that Armenia would like to more than double Iranian gas
imports even before the high-voltage line goes on stream in 2019. He
made clear that the Armenian side would have to pay for extra supplies
in cash and that they would cost Yerevan more than Russian gas does.
Iranian media last week quoted the country's Deputy Oil Minister
Amir-Hossein Zamaninia as saying that Karapetian also discussed in
Tehran the possibility of Armenian imports of gas from Turkmenistan
via Iran. Yerevan is interested in Turkmen gas because it would
presumably be cheaper for Armenian than Iranian gas.
Karapetian, who managed Armenia's Russian-owned gas distribution
network from 2001-2010, declined to elaborate on his gas talks with
Iranian leaders when he spoke to reporters in Gyumri on Wednesday. He
said only that he returned from Iran with "very good and very
promising projects."
Yerevan `Still Committed' To Karabakh Talks Despite Truce Violation
 . Hovannes Movsisian
Armenia - Foreign Minister Edward Nalbandian (R) and his Polish
counterpart Witold Waszczykowski at a joint news briefing in Yerevan,
20Oct2017
Foreign Minister Edward Nalbandian said on Friday that Armenia will
not avoid further peace talks with Azerbaijan despite continuing
ceasefire violations in Nagorno-Karabakh that left an Armenian soldier
dead.
The 19-year-old soldier, Tigran Khachatrian, was reportedly killed by
Azerbaijani sniper fire on Thursday just three days after the latest
meeting of the Armenian and Azerbaijani presidents held in Geneva.
Serzh Sarkisian and Ilham Aliyev pledged to intensify the peace
process and bolster the ceasefire regime in the Karabakh conflict
zone. "We agreed to take measures to further ease tensions so that we
have no casualties on the frontlines," the Armenian president said
after the talks.
The U.S., Russian and French mediators said in that regard that they
will soon hold follow-up "working sessions" with Nalbandian and
Azerbaijani Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov.
Reacting to the Armenian soldier's death later on Thursday,
Sarkisian's Republican Party of Armenia (HHK) accused Baku of "trying
to walk away" from the Geneva understandings. Nalbandian also deplored
the Azerbaijani truce violation when he spoke after talks in Yerevan
with Poland's Foreign Minister Witold Waszczykowski.
"Unfortunately, after the summit held in Geneva there have been
various speculations by Baku, and ceasefire violations in the conflict
zone are continuing, as a result of which an [Armenian] soldier was
killed yesterday," Nalbandian told a joint news briefing.
"My Polish counterpart and I agree that there is no alternative to a
solely peaceful resolution of the Karabakh conflict based on
principles of international law," he added.
Nalbandian did not say when he and Mammadyarov will hold the planned
meetings with the three mediators leading the Minsk Group of the
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.
Karapetian Again Discusses Anti-Graft Measures With U.S. Envoy
Armenia - Prime Minister Karen Karapetian (L) and U.S. Ambassador
Richard Mills attend a celebration organized by the USAID mission in
Yerevan, 12Oct2017.
The U.S. ambassador in Yerevan, Richard Mills, met with Prime Minister
Karen Karapetian on Friday for further discussions on the Armenian
government's stated efforts to combat endemic corruption in Armenia.
Karapetian was reported to brief Mills on the government's "consistent
policy" of reducing "corruption risks" through the enactment of
relevant legislation and the "active work" of its Anti-Corruption
Council. A government statement also cited him as calling for
U.S. assistance to the council and his broader reform agenda.
According to the statement, Mills praised the Armenia government's
efforts to strengthen the rule of law and improve the business
environment, saying that they have already increased U.S. investors'
interests in Armenia. "He said that over the past 8-10 months he has
received positive signals from American companies operating in Armenia
especially with regard to ongoing reforms in the customs sector,"
added the statement.
Mills urged the authorities in Yerevan to tackle corruption in earnest
in a speech delivered in February. He said they should send a "clear
message from on high that corruption will not be tolerated and that no
one # is above the law." In that regard, the envoy suggested that the
government set up a "fully independent anti-corruption body that can
both investigate and prosecute cases."
The authorities decided instead to form a different anti-graft body
that will start functioning early next year. The Commission on
Preventing Corruption is to scrutinize income and asset declarations
to be submitted by over 2,000 senior state officials and investigate
possible conflicts of interest among them. Under a government bill
passed by the Armenian parliament in June, it will be empowered to ask
law-enforcement bodies to prosecute officials suspected of graft.
The separate Anti-Corruption Council was previously overseen by
Karapetian's predecessor, Hovik Abrahamian. It approved in 2015 a
three-year plan of actions against various corrupt practices.
Despite skepticism voiced by many Armenian civil society members, the
U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) pledged in February
2016 to support the program's implementation with a $750,000
grant. Mills said in February that the USAID has since allocated less
than 2.5 percent of that money because of a lack of "concrete
progress" in the work of that body.
The USAID's current country director for Armenia, Deborah Grieser, was
also present at Mills' latest meeting with Karapetian.
Armenia ranked, together with Bolivia and Vietnam, 113th out of 176
countries evaluated in Transparency International's most recent
Corruption Perceptions Index released in January.
Press Review
"Zhoghovurd" notes that an Armenian soldier was shot and killed by
Azerbaijani forces in Nagorno-Karabakh on Thursday just three days
after the Armenian-Azerbaijani presidential meeting in Geneva. The
paper says that Baku continues to violate the ceasefire despite
President Ilham Aliyev's reported pledge to ease tensions on the
frontlines. "The incident must first and foremost be a cause for
concern for the co-chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group," it says. "They
must explicitly demand that Azerbaijan put an end to its
unconstructive actions and attempts to torpedo the Nagorno-Karabakh
settlement process."
"Zhamanak" urges Armenia and the European Union to issue "clear
statements" to the effect that they will sign their Comprehensive and
Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) next month. "In case of its
non-signing, it won't matter at all by how much it will be delayed and
who is to blame for that," writes the paper.
"Haykakan Zhamanak" scoffs at Prime Minister Karen Karapetian's remark
that Armenians should "treat with patience" the latest rise in the
prices of some foodstuffs and gasoline. The paper is unconvinced by
Karapetian's and other officials' assurances that the price hikes were
caused by external market factors. It argues that in September the
price of sugar plummeted by more than 30 percent year on year in the
international markets but rose by 3.4 percent in Armenia. Sugar
imports to the country are controlled by Samvel Aleksanian, a
pro-government wealthy businessman.
"Chorrord Ishkhanutyun" comments on the resignation of Portugal's
interior minister which followed a series of deadly wildfires in the
country. The paper suggests with sarcasm that he should have "followed
his Armenian counterparts' example" and listed the quantity of
equipment used for extinguishing the fires.
(Tigran Avetisian)
Reprinted on ANN/Armenian News with permission from RFE/RL
Copyright (c) 2017 Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, Inc.
1201 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20036.
www.rferl.org

Azerbaijani press: Deputy PM: Azerbaijan should rely only on itself, its strength in settlement of Karabakh conflict

By Azernews


By Rashid Shirinov

Azerbaijan should rely only on itself and its strength in the settlement of the Armenian-Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Ali Hasanov, Azerbaijani Deputy Prime Minister and the Chairman of the State Committee for Refugees and IDPs, said on October 19.

He noted that the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is a priority issue for Azerbaijan.

“Our main task is the resolution of this issue in a short time based on the norms and principles of international law and within the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan,” he said.

Speaking about the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly held in New York, Hasanov said that the unfounded thoughts in the speech of the Armenian Serzh Sargsyan, as always, aroused laughter and caused great concern in Armenia itself.

“By this speech, the Armenian President disgraced himself before the whole world community. But the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, in his evidence-based speech from the UN rostrum, brought to the attention of the international community the information about the activities of the criminal regime of Armenia over the past 25 years,” the Deputy Prime Minister noted.

Armenia captured Nagorno-Karabakh and seven surrounding regions from Azerbaijan in a war that followed the Soviet breakup in 1991. More than 20,000 Azerbaijanis were killed and nearly 1 million were displaced as a result of the war.

Large-scale hostilities ended with a Russia-brokered ceasefire in 1994 but Armenia continued the occupation in defiance of four UN Security Council resolutions calling for immediate and unconditional withdrawal of the Armenian armed forces from the Azerbaijani territories.

URL: 

Azerbaijani press: No other way to settle Karabakh conflict besides Madrid Principles – MP

17:56 (UTC+04:00)

Baku, Azerbaijan, Oct. 20

By Elchin Mehdiyev – Trend:

A briefing on “Averting All-Out War in Nagorno-Karabakh: The Role of the US and OSCE”, which took place Oct. 18 in the Russell Senate Office Building of the US, was more aimed at promoting Armenia and getting even more help for it from the US, Azerbaijani MP Aydin Mirzazade told Trend Oct. 20.

“Nevertheless, Ambassador James Warlick, former OSCE Minsk Group co-chair from the US, and others made statements that were close to objectivity, and their essence is that the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict should be settled within the framework of international law and the problem should be gradually solved,” Mirzazade said.

He noted that the phased plan includes withdrawal of the Armenian armed forces from the adjacent Azerbaijani districts of Nagorno-Karabakh, opening of the Lachin corridor, granting temporary status to Nagorno-Karabakh.

“These principles were offered and discussed many times,” the MP said. “The fact that they were repeated at a briefing in the US once again shows that there is no other way to solve this problem except these principles.”

On Oct. 19, James Warlick addressed a briefing on “Averting All-Out War in Nagorno-Karabakh: The Role of the US and OSCE”, organized by the US Congress Helsinki Commission. He noted that six elements, based on the Madrid Principles, should be an integral part of the peace agreement and be accepted as one package.

The conflict between the two South Caucasus countries began in 1988 when Armenia made territorial claims against Azerbaijan. As a result of the ensuing war, in 1992 Armenian armed forces occupied 20 percent of Azerbaijan, including the Nagorno-Karabakh region and seven surrounding districts.

The 1994 ceasefire agreement was followed by peace negotiations. Armenia has not yet implemented four UN Security Council resolutions on withdrawal of its armed forces from the Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding districts.