Author: Vorskanian Yeghisabet

Eurasia Daily Monitor, DC
The Jamestown Foundation
June 7 2005
TURKEY, GEORGIA, AZERBAIJAN LAUNCH NEW STRATEGIC RAILWAY PROJECT
By Zaal Anjaparidze
While the May 25 opening of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) oil
pipeline garnered considerable media interest, a second initiative
has received less attention. On the sidelines of the BTC ceremony,
the president of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliev, Georgian President Mikheil
Saakashvili, and Turkey’s President Akhmed Nedget Sezer announced the
creation of the Kars international railway corridor, linking
northeast Turkey, Tbilisi, and Baku. The project, roughly valued at
$400-800 million, includes construction costs for the 258-kilometer
long railway line. In Georgia the project needs a new 30-kilometer
line between Kars and Akhalkalaki (in Javakheti region) and must
restore the Akhalkalaki-Tbilisi railway section (Regnum, Media News,
May 25).
Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Turkey had signed a joint statement on the
construction of the railway at the Georgian Ministry of Foreign
Affairs on December 28. Georgian Economic Development Minister Alexi
Alexishvili called the joint venture “an historic project of the
century.” He declared, “We have agreed that the
Kars-Akhalkalaki-Tbilisi railway project will be implemented at an
increased pace. A working group will be set up to work on specific
details of the project.” All three countries will finance the
project.
The railway project has already been registered for international
tender and will be managed by a Georgian-Azeri-Turkish joint venture.
Some analysts almost equate the importance of the railway project to
the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline and the Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum gas
pipeline (Regnum, April 8, May, 5, 20; Caucasus Press, December 29,
2004; Georgian Messenger, December 31, 2004).
The idea for the Kars railway was born eight years ago, when (then)
Turkish President Suleiman Demirel arrived in Georgia on July 14,
1997, and talked with (then) Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze
about building a railway from Kars to Akhalkalaki to “open a third
frontier crossing between the two countries.” However, the idea
subsequently stalled mostly for financial reasons.
The Kars-Akhalkalaki route is expected to fully replace the now
inactive Kars-Gyumri-Tbilisi line, which was the only rail route the
USSR used to reach Turkey. Istanbul unilaterally halted traffic on
this route after Armenian-Turkish relations deteriorated due to the
Armenian-Azerbaijani war in Karabakh.
If the new trilateral project goes into effect, any country in the
Caspian region will be able to transport cargo and passengers from
Baku to Europe via Turkey. The Azerbaijani side appears to have
far-reaching strategic goals for the railway. Nazir Azmamedov,
spokesman for the Azerbaijani Transport Ministry, said Baku is
extremely interested in seeing the Kars-Akhalkalaki railroad built.
“There are cases when the Batumi [Ajaria] port does not work and from
this viewpoint Azerbaijan is interested in the construction of an
additional railroad that would help transfer our goods to the Turkish
ports,” he said.
Evidently the Georgian political leadership is pursuing its own
strategic goals with regard to the railway. The rail line could boost
economic activity in Javakheti region, develop local infrastructure,
and contribute to the reintegration of the Armenia-oriented Javakheti
region with Georgia. In addition, construction of the railway should
speed up the Russian military pullout from Georgia. The functioning
railway could relieve, to a certain extent, the severe
social-economic problems for the Javakheti Armenian community,
especially after closure of the Russian base. Saakashvili has
underlined several times that full integration of Javakheti into
Georgian state life is a compelling problem. He may consider the new
railway to be a tool to address this problem.
Apart from the local goals, the Kars railway is expected to serve
Georgia’s international interests, including strengthening Georgia’s
status as a transit country, developing an strategic alliance with
Turkey and Azerbaijan, and likely curbing Armenia’s regional
ambitions, which Tbilisi has long considered a dangerous neighbor and
the sole strategic ally of Russia in South Caucasus.
Some Russian and Armenian analysts argue that construction of the
Kars-Tbilisi-Baku railway line plays into the hand of Georgia,
because it actually “takes Armenia out of the international transport
circuit” with all the ensuing economic and political consequences.
Besides, they argue, launching a new railway would fundamentally
change the whole regional transit structure, making Azerbaijan a
major traffic hub (, Turan, February 7;
International Railway Journal; March 1; Novoe vremya, April 14;
July 30, 2004).
According to the Armenian newspaper Hayots Ashkharh, “Armenia should
take a wide range of urgent measures in order to prevent the
construction of the Kars-Akhalkalaki railway that will link Turkey,
Georgia, and Azerbaijan.” Furthermore, the paper argues, the “railway
will strengthen Armenia’s dependence on Georgia” (Hayots Ashkharh,
October 1, 2004).
The Kars-Akhalkalaki-Baku railway line promises other benefits for
Georgia. According to analysts, the railway has the potential to
attract freight, including oil, from Central Asia en route to Turkey
by offering a further outlet to the sea. Caspian traders, for
example, may want to deliver oil by rail directly to European buyers.
They will obviously save money and time bypassing tanker routes.
Georgia could thus offer two oil routes to Europe, by sea and by
land, making the country an important element of the transport
corridor linking Asia, the Caucasus, and Europe.
Some investments in the Kars-Akhalkalaki Railway are already pending.
In 2002, China, which reportedly prefers this route to the Russian
one to connect to Europe, showed a readiness to invest in the project
and has submitted relevant plans to the Turkish government. Georgia,
Azerbaijan, and Turkey have already applied the European Commission
to include the new railway line in the TRACECA transport corridor.

Released Armenian pilots to return home on 9 June
Sources:
A1+ web site in Russian 6 Jun 05
Armenian Radio 1in Armenian 7 Jun05
The official representative of Armenia and employee of the Foreign
Ministry, Gevorg Petrosyan, left for the capital of Equatorial Guinea,
Malabo, today to organize the return of Armenian pilots.
In a press release the Foreign Ministry said that Armenia is very much
pleased with the release of the Armenian pilots and expressed its
gratitude to the Equatorial Guinea authorities, in particular, to
President Teodoro Obiang Nguema for his compassionate attitude towards
the pilots.
By the way, the law enforcement bodies of that country have been
ordered to release the pilots immediately and send them back to
Armenia.
All the charges against Commander Ashot Karapetyan, second pilot
Samvel Darbinyan, navigator Samvel Mahkalyan, technicians Razmik
Khachatryan and Suren Muradyan and engineer Ashot Simonyan were
dropped.
(The Armenian radio reported today that the pilots, who have been
released from jail several days ago and who are now being treated in
hospital, will be brought back to Armenia on 9 June)

Politics.co.uk, UK
June 7 2005
Amnesty International UK – Equatorial Guinea: Trial of alleged coup
plotters unfair
Tue, 07 Jun 2005
EQUATORIAL GUINEA: NEW REPORT SHOWS TRIAL OF ALLEGED ‘MERCENARY COUP
PLOTTERS’ UNFAIR
As six Armenians convicted of taking part in an alleged coup attempt
in Equatorial Guinea last year await release after a pardon issued by
the country’s President, Amnesty International said today that the
arrest, trial and detention of the group of alleged “mercenaries” was
unfair and full of flagrant human rights violations.
In a report released today, ‘Equatorial Guinea – A trial with too
many flaws’, Amnesty International exposes in detail the series of
human rights violations seen throughout the uncovering and
prosecution of the alleged coup plot against Equatorial Guinea’s
President Obiang Nguema (which several UK businessmen, including Mark
Thatcher, are alleged to have financed). The report’s findings are
based on the three month monitoring of the trial by Amnesty
International delegates.
Kolawole Olaniyan, Director of Amnesty International’s Africa
Programme, said: “Everyone, including those accused of “mercenary
activity” has the right to a fair trial and to have his or her rights
protected – including the right to be presumed innocent until proven
guilty, and not to be subjected to torture or other cruel and
degrading treatment. These rights were flagrantly violated in this
case.
“No evidence was presented in court to support the charges against
the accused, and the court repeatedly ignored allegations that
defendants had been tortured while under interrogation in order to
extract confessions.
“The court often appeared more interested in gathering information to
further a separate civil case being brought by the Equatorial Guinean
government against several British businessmen it accused of
financing the alleged coup than in securing justice.”
Amongst other recommendations in the report, Amnesty International is
calling on the government to ensure an immediate and fair hearing of
the appeal lodged by defence lawyers, and to ensure that all
allegations of torture and other human rights violations are promptly
and thoroughly investigated and that suspected perpetrators are
brought to justice.
Torture allegations include the case of Gerhard Eugen Merz, a German
national arrested on 8 March 2004, who died about ten days after his
arrest. Several South African defendants stated in court that he had
died in front of them, after having been subjected to severe torture,
including lighter-burns on his back and feet.
Background
Since President Obiang Nguema came to power in 1979, Amnesty
International has documented over a dozen allegations of coup
attempts. The announcement of a foiled coup plot is typically
followed by a wave of arrests accompanied by torture and unfair
trials. The authorities seldom produce evidence in court to
substantiate the charges, often based on confessions extracted from
the accused under torture. Until recently such cases have gone
largely unnoticed by the international community.
In 2004 there were at least three alleged coup attempts, which led to
the arrest of about 200 people. Most of those arrested continue to be
held without charge or trial; many of them are seen to be contenders
for power and as such a threat to President Obiang Nguema’s rule.
In the first week of December 2004 four men and one woman were tried
by a military court and convicted of treason, “terrorism” and
espionage. They were sentenced to prison terms ranging from 22 to 26
years. Reports indicate that the five were severely tortured and the
woman raped by several members of the security forces.
The report is available at:

A1plus
| 14:59:51 | 07-06-2005 | Politics |
PACE JUNE SESSION: URGENT DEBATES ON CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM IN ARMENIA
At its June 7 meeting in Lisbon the Assembly Bureau proposed that PACE hold
two urgent debates at its next plenary session (20-24 June 2005), one on
follow-up to the third Council of Europe Summit and the other on
constitutional reform in Armenia, as well as a current affairs debate on the
situation in the republics of Central Asia.

Independent Online, South Africa
June 6 2005
Equatorial Guinea pardons coup plot pilots

Yerevan – Equatorial Guinea has pardoned six Armenian flight crew
members convicted last year of plotting to overthrow the president of
the tiny West African country, Armenia’s Foreign Ministry said on
Monday.
The Armenians were among dozens of foreigners jailed in Equatorial
Guinea and Zimbabwe over the aborted coup, which Mark Thatcher, son
of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, has been accused
of helping to finance.
The pardon was issued by Equatorial Guinea’s President Teodoro Obiang
Nguema Mbasogo, Hamlet Gasparyan, spokesperson for the Armenian
Foreign Ministry, said.
The six have been held in the notorious Black Beach prison in
Equatorial Guinea’s capital, Malabo. Rights group Amnesty
International said in April they risked starving to death.
Mark Thatcher has denied any role in the coup plot.
The Armenians were employed by an aircraft leasing company to fly
cargo around Africa. They have denied being involved in the plot and
Amnesty said their trial was “grossly unfair”.

AZG Armenian Daily #102, 04/06/2005
Turkey
TRIAL OVER LAWYER AYHAN TO LAUNCH IN ANKARA
He is Charged With Uttering ‘Armenian Massacres’
Daily Azg has informed the readers about the new Turkish penal
code which prosecutes for recalling the Armenian Genocide. In an
article titled “Lawsuit for Uttering Armenian Massacres” on June 3
Milliyet newspaper confirmed our information. The person to stand
the trial was lawyer Medeni Ayhan who made a speech at the session
of the Union of Lawyers of Ankara on October 17 2004 where he said,
“As a representative of Kurdish nation and a citizen of Kurdistan I
defend Kurds’ right for an independent state”.
Basing on these words of Ayhan, the Prosecutor’s Office of Ankara
filed a lawsuit against him in February applying the 312d article
of the old penal code as the new one was not yet in force. Following
the new penal code the same Prosecutor’s Office accused Ayhan for the
following sentence: “The Ottoman Empire carried out the massacre of
one and a half million Armenians by the hands of Hamidian horsemen
and Ittihat Party members. I sympathize with the Armenian people and
bow my head in homage to the victims”.
The statement about the “Armenian massacres” gave the Ankara
prosecutor’s Office a cause for the second lawsuit against Ayhan
this time applying the 216th article of the new penal code, which
is the replication of the 312d article, Milliyet claims. Though the
chairman of Ankara’s Union of Lawyers, Vedat A. Josar, said concerning
Ayhan’s speech that “even astonishing ideas may have adherents”, the
Supreme Headquarters of Turkish armed forces brought a suit against
the defendant applying the 305th article of the penal code.
This means that along with the expression “Armenian genocide” the
“Armenian massacres” is also viewed as a penal action prosecuted by two
— 216 and 305 — articles. The trial of lawyer Medeni Ayhan launched
yesterday and is proceeding in accordance with the new penal code.
Milliyet points out that it was in the first time in the country that
“opining for the fact of Armenian massacres” is considered a crime. “If
Ayhan is condemned for his views then the 216th article of the new
penal code can be applied for those putting forward views opposing
the state thesis. Thus, many intellectuals holding to different views
than the official one will face trial as Ayhan”.
By Hakob Chakrian

Graduating Senior: Mechanical engineering
By Chirag Desai
Published: Friday, June 3, 2005
The Triangle, Student Newsletter at Drexel University
June 3 2005
At a school like Drexel, one of the hardest things to find is a
smiling engineering student – a smiling engineering student during
week 10 of the term is even harder.
To Nora Ayanian, who will be graduating with the rest of this year’s
College of Engineering class June 11, talking about control systems
and teaching brings more than just a smile to her face. As she puts it,
taking her first control systems class was her most memorable event at
Drexel. As a mechanical engineering major, headed to graduate school,
Ayanian is determined that she will not stop until she finishes a
doctorate which will also enable her to teach at a college level.
“One thing that stands out about Nora is her never-ending ability
to laugh and smile,” says fellow mechanical engineering student
Jonathan Smith. “I only met Nora nine months ago and we instantly
became good friends.”
Ayanian’s college experience didn’t take off very well. Having been
a commuter throughout her student career made things a little harder
for her. At the same time, she feels that her professors made the
experience better for her as time went on. “I really feel that the
professors at the University, that I have experienced, really care
for their students,” she claims.
She was particularly grateful to Professor Harry Kwatny, her senior
design and research professor, and Department Head of the Mechanical
Engineering and Mechanics Department Mun Choi, who reciprocates
Ayanian’s feelings.
“Nora is an outstanding student,” Choi says.
Ayanian was appointed as a teaching assistant for her ME 255 class
based on her academic performance.
“Working closely with [her] instructor, she has developed new teaching
modules using MATLAB, Mathematica, and Simulink to assist students
with their analysis,” Choi adds.
Ayanian’s experience as a teaching assistant turned her direction
towards teaching.
During their senior year, all engineers are required to perform a
senior design project, an integral part of an engineering student’s
curricula that spans three terms. Starting in the fall, students form
teams of four to six students and attempt to pick an area of interest
and present a design proposal to a faculty assigned. At the end of
the spring term, teams then submit a formal report presented at the
annual Senior Project Design Competition.
“My senior project was inspired from the Defense Advances Research
Project Agency’s Grand Challenge for autonomous off-road vehicles,”
Ayanian explains. DARPA’s challenge involves completing an obstacle
course. The vehicle that does this in the least amount of time wins
$1 million.
“We have to go from point A to point B in a desert,” she describes.
“The actual distance is about 200 miles…We decided on a single
problem that a lot of the cars were having – local obstacle avoidance.”
Ayanains’ team of four attempted to build a car and programmed it to
avoid the obstacles and remember its original path when doing so.
She felt that the experience “was definitely enjoyable and
challenging.”
She is also extremely appreciative of her senior design advisor.
“[Kwatny] helped me a lot over the last year,” Ayanian says. “He’s
just really a great guy…he really cares for his students.”
Ayanian has received a scholarship from the National Science
Foundation and will be attending graduate school at the University of
Pennsylvania, which will further continue her experience as a commuter,
the fact that she can continue to live in the Philadelphia area. Her
experience with SEPTA has been less than marvelous, however, but she
hopes that the service improves as she continues to ride the trolley.
In addition, Ayanian is an active member of the Armenian Youth
Foundation and has also completed an internship in Armenia in summer
2001, working for the Armenian Red Cross Society as a translator.
“As a student, Nora is the smartest and hardest working person I
know,” Smith adds. “As a friend, she is always around to talk and
occasionally come out when she’s not traveling, working or studying.”
It’s all about enjoying the experience, and for Ayanian, her college
experience has continued to improve. In a nutshell, Choi stated it
best when he said, “Nora is one of the top undergraduate students
that I’ve encountered.”

INTERNATIONAL FLOWER FESTIVAL TO BE HELD IN YEREVAN TODAY
Pan Armenian News
03.06.2005 03:20
/PanARMENIAN.Net/ International Flower Festival with the participation
of representatives of Armenia, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia,
Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Bulgarian will be held
in Yerevan today. Various events such as a contest in study of
flora among the parliamentarians of different states and an awarding
ceremony for achievements in art, science, business and economy will
be organized. Besides a 1-kilometer feast table for 3000 people
will be laid for the event participants. Armenian pop-stars and
well-known Russian art workers and singers – Armen Jigarkhanian,
Lidia Fedoseyeva-Shukshina, Josif Kobzon, Soso Pavliashvili,
Diana Gurtskaya, Valentin Yudashkin’s Fashion Theater as well as
popular Russian humorists are expected to take part in the festival.
Well-known Russian actor Leonid Yakubovich will act as compere,
RIA Novosti reports.
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

“LUFTHANSA” NOT FRIGHTENED BY ARMENIAN POVERTY
A1plus
| 16:22:32 | 03-06-2005 | Social |
“The Armenian Government has allowed us to realize 3 flights a week”,
said Gunten Ott, regional director of the aviacompany “Lufthansa”
in Russia and CIS countries in today’s press conference. Let us
remind you that the head of the RA Civic aviation has announce that
“Lufthansa” has the right to realize only two flights. Today with the
flight “Munchen-Yerevan” “Lufthansa” started its activity in Armenia.
The company which has existed since 1925 realizes flights in Armenia
after certain investigations. “According to our investigations Armenia
is not so rich, I could even say it is one of the poor countries
of the world”, says Gunter Ott. But he hopes that they will have
passengers. “We are concerned not to transport passengers from Armenia,
but also to bring tourists to Armenia”, he mentioned. “Lufthansa” has
also established discounts for the Armenian passengers up to June 30 –
$299 to Germany, $349 to Europe, and $599 to North America and Africa.
By the way, the company which was founded in Germany gets
65% of its profit abroad. In Armenia they will cooperate with
“Armavia”. “Lufthansa” realizes flights in more than 375 directions
in 93 countries and 2003 it was recognized as the largest aviacompany
by the number of the passengers.

Georgian, Russian officials begin handover of tank repair plant
Rustavi-2 TV, Tbilisi
2 Jun 05
[Presenter] The Russian Defence Ministry wants to remove some equipment
from the [Tbilisi] tank repair plant. The process of handing the plant
over to Georgia officially began today. Only Russian and Armenian
equipment is repaired at the plant. The handover process should be
completed by 15 June. Deputy Defence Minister Davit Sikharulidze went
to the plant with journalists today, although Georgian journalists were
only allowed to look at the plant from the outside. Sopo Kvintradze
joins us live. What do the Russians want to remove from the plant?
[Correspondent] The main problem during the discussion today was
the removal of vehicles from the plant. Russia says this equipment
consists of cars and several portable generators which belong to the
Russian Group of Forces in the Transcaucasus and not the plant itself
and therefore they want to remove them. [Passage omitted]
Both sides say the talks process is proceeding normally. A special
commission has been formed and a delegation has arrived from the
Russian Defence Ministry. This joint commission is examining and
conducting an inventory of equipment currently at the plant such as
the machine tools necessary to repair tanks. The Russians say they
will certainly meet the deadline and the inventory process will be
completed by 15 June.
[Aleksandr Popov, commander of the Group of Russian Forces in the
Transcaucasus; our files give name of commander as Aleksandr Bespalov]
We all know the text of the joint declaration signed by our two
foreign ministers, in which it is written that the plant should be
handed over by 15 June. I think we will be able to do it by 12 or
13 June. There is a commission of specialists from Moscow, there is
a protocol we signed back in November, there is the will and a plan
of action. The work is continuing, with the exception of the small
problem which suddenly appeared today, but the Georgian side agreed
to decide the issue on Monday [6 June].
[Correspondent] This plant has not been functioning for two years
now. It has been closed, but workers say that the Defence Ministry
intends to reopen it once it becomes Georgian property. Once it
has been equipped, the plant can effect major repairs to 45 tanks
each month.