Author: Vorskanian Yeghisabet

“CILICIA” DOCKS AT PORTSMOUTH
_ ()
Aug. 31, 2005
The modern replica of the medieval Armenian merchant vessel Cilicia set
sail on its historic voyage on July 14, 2004 from Poti, Georgia. Flying
the Armenian flag, the vessel followed the route of medieval Cilicia
Armenian merchants, who had close connections with European seaports
in the 13-th century. The voyage consisted of two stages: the first
included sailing from Poti to Venice, where the vessel moored for the
winter; the second part of the voyage covered the distance from Venice
to Amsterdam and on its way it moored at the U.K. port of Portsmouth
where on the 20th of August there was a welcoming ceremony and the
ship was greeted by a large group of members of the community.
The day’s welcoming arrangements which had been organised by the ACCC
included a Thanksgiving Lunch and a Welcoming Ceremony. The crew were
dressed in the ancient contemporary Armenian garments and the sight of
such an interesting and ancient vessel docked in the port of Portsmouth
was unique. The welcoming party included Bishop Nathan Hovhannisian,
Baroness Cox, members of the Armenian Embassy, members of the Council
of the ACCC and representatives of Armenian organisations in the UK.
The ambitious idea of constructing a ship in landlocked Armenia was
realized by the efforts of the members of the Ayas Nautical Research
Club. Without prior experience and ship-building industrial skills
absent in the country, it took them 11 years to build the model of a
13th century Armenian ship. Ancient Armenia had a seaport in Cilicia,
and one of the military ships was called Ayas. Hence, the name that
the Club borrowed. On completion it was transported to Poti on a
trailer. Cilicia will sail round Europe over seven seas through
22 countries.

ASBAREZ ONLINE
TOP STORIES
08/26/2005
TO ACCESS PREVIOUS ASBAREZ ONLINE EDITIONS PLEASE VISIT OUR
WEBSITE AT <;HTTP:// 1) European Union Member States Present Fresh Doubts on Turkey 2) Rice Hopeful About Crucial Armenian-Azeri Talks 3) California State Senator Jackie Speier Woman of the Year 4) Briner Sets Record Straight 5) Celebrating Armenian Alphabet's 1600 Years 6) Critics' Forum 7) It's A Small World, After All 8) Armenian Pontiff to Make Historic Visit to California 9) Nune 2005 North American Tour 10) SKEPTIK SINIKIAN 1) European Union Member States Present Fresh Doubts on Turkey PARIS (BBC)Preceding Turkey's scheduled October 3 start of negotiations for accession into the European Union, French President Jacques Chirac said Turkey's position on Cyprus "poses political and legal problems." Although lobbying hard for EU membership, Turkey backs the unrecognized Turkish Cypriot administration in the north of the divided island, shunning the internationally-recognized Greek Cypriot government. Chirac, who has previously backed Turkey's EU candidacy, says he wants EU foreign ministers to discuss Turkey's position on Cyprus when they meet in Wales next week. At a meeting in Paris, he told the President of the European Commission, Jose Manuel Barroso, that Turkey's refusal to recognize Cyprus was not in the spirit expected of a candidate state. The prospect of Turkey joining the EU has worried voters, contributing to the rejection of the proposed EU constitution in the French referendum in May, and surfacing as an election issue in Germany. French Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin has said it is "inconceivable" to open membership talks with a country that does not recognize all 25 EU member states. Last month, Turkey signed an accord extending its customs agreement with the EU to the 10 newest EU states, including Cyprus. However, it said that doing so did not imply that it recognized the government in Nicosia. Cyprus has been split into the Greek-Cypriot-controlled south and the Turkish-occupied north since Turkey invaded in 1974. Conservatives Say No to Turkey Again The favorite to win Germany's general election next month, Angela Merkel also urged caution on the Turkish bid. The leader of Germany's centre-right Christian Democrats (CDU) wrote to 11 European leaders, advising them to offer Turkey a privileged partnership with the EU instead of full membership. In a letter to conservative EU heads of state ahead of a Sept. 1 summit, chancellor candidate Angela Merkel has renewed her call for the EU to offer Turkey a "privileged partnership" instead of full membership. Merkel penned the letter along with Christian Social Union leader Edmund Stoiber, timing it to hit the desk of center-right leaders just before an informal meeting on Thursday of EU foreign ministers, where EU accession negotiations with Turkey will be discussed. "We are fully convinced that accepting Turkey would overburden the EU politically, economically and socially and would endanger the European integration process," the letter, addressed to 11 European leaders, said. The letter cited "the continuing refusal of Turkey to recognize the Republic of Cyprus, a member state, under international law" as an obstacle to Turkish membership, and also noted "still-significant problems in upholding and imposing human rights." Merkel and Stoiber underlined that the EU was interested in a close connection between Turkey and the European Union, but "we ask you to make clear that the framework of the negotiations also includes the perspective of a privileged partnership with Turkey." A copy of the letter also went to the current EU president, British Prime Minister Tony Blair, and EU Commission President Jose Barroso. It is not the first time Merkel has pushed for an EU relationship with Turkey which falls short of full membership. She brought the topic up a year ago, just three weeks before the EU Commission released a report on Turkey and a few days before regional elections in two eastern German states. Then there was disagreement over the proposal even within her own party. Fellow Christian Democrat and former defense minister Volker Rühe reminded Merkel that the conservative government of Helmut Kohl had in 1997 signed an agreement laying out Turkey's official EU candidate status. He said closing the door would destabilize the country and could strengthen anti-European sentiment there. 2) Rice Hopeful About Crucial Armenian-Azeri Talks (RFE/RL)--The United States underscored its hopes for a breakthrough in the Mountainous Karabagh peace process Thursday when Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice telephoned Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev to discuss his upcoming, crucial meeting with Armenian counterpart Kocharian. In a statement cited by the Itar-Tass news agency, Aliyev's office quoted Rice as telling the Azeri leader that she "attaches great importance" to the talks that are due to take place in the Russian city of Kazan on Saturday, and expressed hope that they would facilitate a peaceful resolution of the conflict. US, Russian, and French diplomats spearheading the negotiating process signaled last month that the Kocharian-Aliyev meeting in Kazan could clear the final hurdle to peace. US Undersecretary of State for Global Affairs Paula Dobriansky similarly noted on July 27 that their meeting "can potentially be a turning point." Preparations for that meeting were discussed by the Armenian and Azeri foreign ministers in Moscow August 23-24. Vartan Oskanian and Elmar Mammadyarov sounded cautiously upbeat after their talks held in the presence of the mediating trio. 3) California State Senator Jackie Speier Woman of the Year ANCA Western Region will Honor Armenian American Senator at Annual Banquet LOS ANGELES--California State Senator Jackie Speier (D-San Mateo) will receive the Armenian National Committee of America-Western Region's (ANCA-WR) prestigious Woman of the Year award at the 2005 ANCA-WR Annual Banquet on September 18 at the Renaissance Hollywood Hotel in Los Angeles. Sen Speier is appreciated throughout the Armenian American community for her steadfast support of legislation and issues that affect Armenian Americans in the state. Since her time in the Assembly, Sen Speier has authored numerous measures of interest to Armenian Americans among the unprecedented record of over 300 pieces of legislation that she has been able to have signed into law. Among her most recent accomplishments, Sen Speier authored the 2005 Armenian Genocide resolution in California and, along with fellow Armenian American legislator Sen Chuck Poochigian (R-Fresno) authored SB 424, which was signed into law by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to permanently designate April 24 as California Day of Remembrance of the Armenian Genocide. Sen Speier is the state's highest ranking Democratic elected official of Armenian descent and the only Armenian American woman currently serving in the state legislature. "Senator Speier is known throughout the State Capitol as an effective legislator, and she has used her skills to bring issues of concern to Armenian Americans forward," said Steven Dadaian, Chairman of the ANCA-WR. "The Armenian National Committee is honored to have the Senator accept the Woman of the Year award at our annual banquet this year." Sen Speier's career-long commitment to public service was nearly cut short in 1978 when she traveled to Jonestown, Guyana as an aide to California Congressman Leo J Ryan's fact-finding mission investigating legations of individuals being held hostage by cult leader Reverend Jim Jones. On November 18, 1978, at the end of a two-day investigation, gunmen from the Rev Jones' People's Temple cult ambushed, shot and killed Congressman Ryan and four others in his traveling group. Sen Speier, then 28 years old, was struck by five bullets and lay on a jungle airstrip for 22 hours awaiting help. The day she was shot, over 900 cult members committed mass suicide or were murdered at the People's Temple compound. Sen Speier has stated that "the Jonestown tragedy is a daily reminder that no one is guaranteed a tomorrow . . . this has absolutely molded my philosophy and my zest for work and for life." To this day, she carries two bullets in her body from the tragic incident in Guyana. Two years after the Jonestown shootings, Sen Speier became the youngest member ever to serve on the San Mateo County Board of Supervisors when she won her first election by defeating a 20-year incumbent. Sen Speier served in the California State Assembly from 1986 to 1996 before being elected to the State Senate, where she is completing her second term and was recently named Assistant President Pro-Tem. Last year, Sen Speier visited the ANCA-WR office to discuss her intention to run for Lieutenant Governor of the State of California in 2006. She has since been campaigning for the position throughout the state, garnering the support of key constituencies. If elected, Sen Jackie Speier would become only the second Armenian American to serve in statewide office since Governor George Deukmejian (19831991). The ANCA-WR Annual Banquet regularly draws over 700 individuals, including a long list of dignitaries, such as prominent Members of Congress and state legislators, as well as a vast number of Armenian American community leaders and political activists. The annual event is the largest of its kind and helps raise funds to operate the nation's largest and most influential Armenian American grassroots and political advocacy organization. More honorees are to be announced in the coming weeks before the annual banquet. For more information on this year's ANCA-WR Annual Banquet, or to reserve a table, call the ANCA-WR office at (818) 5001918. 4) Briner Sets Record Straight Swiss Senate Ready to Tackle Genocide Question On August 6, Swiss media outlet Swissinfo published an article titled "Swiss Senate Washes Hands of 'Genocide' Question," in which they cited president of the Senate foreign-affairs committee Peter Briner as saying that "Turkey's massacre of Armenians in 1915 will never be an issue for the Swiss Senate." [ed. The article appeared in Asbarez on August 9, 2005.] Last week, Swissinfo published a follow-up article in which Briner said that his comments were misquoted, denying that he ever said that Turkey's massacre of Armenians would not be debated in the chamber. "Those reports are based on either a misquote or a misunderstandingand this is of course most regrettable. What I did say was that when the Swiss House of Representatives had [voted to] recognize the genocide, this was not an issue in the Senate," Briner, a member of the center-right Radical Party, told Swissinfo. "The policy of our governmentand the Senate foreign-affairs committeeis that the two countries involved, Turkey and Armenia, should investigate the terrible events of 1915 with a committee of historians from both sides." The Swiss House of Representatives recognized the death of up to 1.8 million Armenians as genocide in 2003. But unlike many western governments, the Swiss government does not officially speak of "genocide" but of "mass deportation" and "massacre." "I think that the position of our government is the better one. I don't feel comfortable being the judge of the whole world and of something that happened a long time ago," said Briner, when asked why the Senate wouldn't recognize the Genocide as other Western countries have. "These are evidently terrible events and I think that they should be investigated, but they should be primarily investigated by the parties involved." 5) Celebrating Armenian Alphabet's 1600 Years LOS ANGELES--In 405 AD, Mesrob Mashdots, a cleric of the Armenian royal court, invented the letters of the Armenian alphabet to celebrate the beginnings of a written Armenian literary tradition. The Hamazkayin Educational and Cultural Society's Regional Executive has formed a council to specifically organize events commemorating the 1600th Anniversary of the Creation of the Armenian Alphabet. The Armenian alphabet has occupied an essential role in preserving not only history, but also a large part of the Armenian cultural identity. To celebrate this momentous occasion, Hamazkayin has planned various events, including written and visual competitions, a conference, exhibitions, and a major public event at the Alex Theater in Glendale. A one day conference directed by Professor Peter Cowe will be held September 24 at 10:00 AM at the UCLA campus' Rolfe Hall. Cowe, a professor of Armenian language and culture at the University of California, Los Angeles, will be one of the keynote speakers, along with Professor Stephan Astourian, Director of Armenian Studies at UC Berkeley. Celebrated author Mark Arax of "In My Father's Name," along with Ani Hovanessian, will serve as co-master of ceremonies. A major public event at the Alex Theater will be held on October 2, featuring performances by Hamazkayin's Ani Dance Group, a theatrical performance collaboratively staged by Elly Award-winning director Aram Kouyoumdjian and original music composer Sebu Simonian of the band Aviatic, musical performances by Element (formerly known as In Progress...), poetry recitations by students from all Armenian schools in California, and other artistic performances. The program will begin at 4:30 PM and will conclude at 6:00 PM. For more information please visit or write to [email protected]. 6) Critics' Forum Literature The Path Not Taken: My Brother's Road By Hovig Tchalian The recently published biography by Markar Melkonian, My Brother's Road: An American's Fateful Journey to Armenia, begins with an interesting premisewhat kind of a man was the subject of the book and the author's brother, Monte "Avo" Melkonian? As its subtitle suggests, the book attempts to answer the question by tracing the life of an ordinary kid who grew up to become a freedom fighter in Armenia. Monte's life led him from his birthplacethe quiet, unassuming farming village of Visalia, California, "the Walnut Capital of the World"to the ranks of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia, and on to heroics and a legendary reputation in the battle for Mountainous Karabagh. Along the way, we learn about Monte's prowess as a little league baseball pitcher. We discover his first encounters with "otherness" in the schoolyard, when American schoolchildren ask him where he is born. We learn about his interest in Armenian history and, eventually, the "Armenian Question." We also read about occasionally amusing encounters, such as the one between Monte and a childhood teacher who recognizes him unexpectedly on an airplane, just as he is preparing to assassinate a Turkish official. Melkonian's book tries to walk the fine line between telling a good story and deriving a larger meaning from a series of interesting events. In essence, the book asks the opposite question posed by a novel Ara Oshagan and I discussed several weeks ago, Micheline Aharonian Marcom's The Daydreaming Boy. Marcom asks howor whetherit is possible to understand a historical event like the Genocide from within the fictional form of the novel. Melkonian seems to ask instead whether it is possible to tell the fantastic exploits of a man become legend from within the non-fictional form of biography. The book's Prologue seems to address just this dilemma, as the author recounts the day of his brother's burial at the young age of thirty-five. As thousands of mourners gather around the coffin as it winds its way through the streets of Yerevan, the author tells us that "a Russian general told a television interviewer, quite inaccurately, that they had first met when Monte had been a slayer of Soviets in Afghanistan. A one-legged woman claimed that Monte had rescued her from a minefield. The child of a peasant recalled his 'amazing simplicity.' And yet so much remained uncertain, obscure." The characters Melkonian singles out could just as easily populate a mystery novel or a book of fables. In the book's final chapter, Melkonian returns to this burial scene, after recounting his brother's death by shrapnel in a roadside confrontation. But now, Melkonian says simply that "the rumors and conspiracy theories continue to proliferate. But for my part, I'm convinced that Monte and Saribeg [a fellow soldier] died in a chance encounter with Azeri fighters." This seems to echo the author's earlier claim in the Prologuethat "as the rumors have proliferated over the years, my need to separate fable from creditable report has only grown." The statement is entirely fair and pragmatic. But it comes on the heels of a series of other puzzling questions about Monte"Was he temperate or was he a vodka guzzler? A communist to his dying day, or a reborn nationalist? A defender of captives or a slitter of throats?"puzzling more for being posed at all than for their insight or interpretive value. Unfortunately for the book and its readers, this apparent discord between the marvelous and the mundane is never resolved or properly addressed. As such, the questions Melkonian poses and attempts to answer ultimately hold little enduring philosophical or historical value. The reviews on the book's cover uniformly depict an author with a curious, intellectual interest in his material. That may very well be true. The careful reader will also suspect, however, that the author is ultimately less interested in the apparent dilemma of Monte Melkonian's life than in telling the story of his 'kid brother' turned folk hero. The result is a book that too often comes off as trite more than philosophical, sentimental more than serious. The book's real value is in telling a good story, which it does well, and its genuine warmth and honesty. There are also moments of some lyrical beauty, ironically often in descriptions of battle and warfare. In chapter eight, for instance, the author powerfully evokes a scene of war from Monte's time in Lebanon: "Israeli tanks squealed over the hills in the medium distance and Israeli helicopters hovered low overhead, dropping phosphor flares that threw flickering blue shadows over the boulders and brush around Monte's earthen bunker." Just a few lines later, however, Melkonian reverts to his more usual 'personal' narrative voice to describe his little brother: "putting his math skills together with his military training, he radioed enemy coordinates to Palestinian rocket launchers...." The nuanced description of battle quickly gives way to what sounds like a line from a hastily prepared resume. Later in the book, Melkonian muses about his brother, who is spent time in Italy: "he strolled to a park near the Coliseum, absorbed in thoughts about architecture and the morals of various nations." The book ultimatelyand quite explicitlyposes its own dilemma of the personality that lies behind a myth, the 'truth' concealed within fiction. When a French journalist interviews Monte, the author suggests that she "had been surprised to discover that the fearsome terrorist leader was in fact attentive, funny, and smarta far cry from the bellicose fanatic she had expected." The line encapsulates the book's interest in the 'human' side of Monte Melkonian's story well. But it suggests equally that the implicit emphasis on the personal story is the book's real undoing. In My Brother's Road, any ambitions of exploring the paradox of personality are finally resolved in the private conversation between a man and his brotherand more generally, two Armenians in communion with each other. It is perhaps not too far-fetched to suggest that the pervasiveness of this too comfortable paradigm of community is precisely the obstacle that diasporan Armenian writing must overcome on its way to something greater. All Rights Reserved: Critics Forum, 2005 Hovig Tchalian holds a PhD in English literature from UCLA. You can reach him or any of the other contributors to Critics' Forum at [email protected]. 7) It's A Small World, After All By Nanor Abkarian Asbarez Summer Intern The people of Disney exceed in creating wonders, but have left me wondering why they are not content with the amount of money they have. People associate Disney with cheerfulness and amusement, but while Disney yields to our childhood fantasies it preys on those desperate for work. Even though I loved my Mickey Mouse toy, I would have never imagined there was another girl my age forced to make it for the sake of her survival. Disney is definitely not a company that is short of money, but like many other large corporations, has decided to use sweatshops to manufacture its products. While workers break their backs to get paid barely enough to survive, monster corporations are willing to disregard all standards in order to smother themselves with extra cash. They are constantly in search of the cheapest way to manufacture goodslegally or illegallyand persistent when fulfilling financial goals, no matter how unethical the process. And so, in an effort to gain US investments, third world nations are competing against each other to produce goods for the lowest possible price. Such factories are located in: Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, Colombia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malaysia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam. Disney pulled its work out of the Shah Makhdum factory in Bangladeshafter having produced garments there for about eight yearswhen the courageous factory workers protested in public, seeking their basic rights. Disney has had factories in Haiti where it produced clothing such as Pocahontas T-shirts and Lion King outfits for kids. In September 1997, Disney pulled out its work from that factory, and two others, after the workers "publicly denounced factory violations and asked that their fundamental legal rights be respected." Once again, the workers were left unemployed. Disney also left its factories in Shenzen, China where it produced toys to give away as part of McDonald's Happy Meals. When the Hong Kong Christian Industrial Committee revealed that the factory violated the workers' rights and maintained unsafe working conditions, both Disney and McDonalds pulled out of the factory, leaving tens of thousands of workers jobless. Some other companies that use sweatshops include: Nike, Wal-Mart, Phillips-Van Heusen, Disney, Guess, The Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy, Tommy Hilfiger, Reebok, Levi Straus, Liz Claiborne, Ralph Lauren, Mattel, and Kohl's. Actress/singer Kathie Lee Gifford was embarrassed in public in 1996 when investigators from the National Labor Committee found that girls of ages 13-15 were being unfairly treated in the Global Fashion plant in Honduras, working up to 75 hours a week for 31 cents an hour. Even after Kathie Lee was, with good reason, famously humiliated for her cruelty and greediness, Disney is still able to continue disregarding laws and lives without being punished due to its ownership of several large media outletsamong everything else. Consumers can do most to help end the use of sweatshops by boycotting products that have been made in sweatshops and instead, shopp from companies and unions such as "No Sweat" or "American Apparel," who manufacture sweat-free products. 8) Armenian Pontiff to Make Historic Visit to California The Largest Armenian Diaspora Community in the World Eagerly Awaits Pontiff's Arrival LOS ANGELESHis Holiness Aram I, Catholicos of the Great House of Cilicia will begin a 15-day Pontifical visit to the State of California on October 5, 2005. The historic trip of the Pontiff, who prominently serves as the Moderator for the World Council of Churches (WCC), an organization representing over 400 million Christians worldwide, will be framed around the theme of "Towards the Light of Knowledge." His Holiness represents hundreds of thousands of Armenian American Christians whose ancestors made Armenia the first nation to officially adopt Christianity as a state religion in 301 AD. During his visit to California, His Holiness will participate in a number of religious ceremonies, educational programs and youth forums in Los Angeles, Fresno and San Francisco. The Pontifical visit will begin on October 5th with an official welcoming ceremony at Saint Garabed Armenian Apostolic Church in Hollywood and conclude with a visit to the Krouzian-Zekarian-Vasbouragan Armenian School in San Francisco on October 18th. The Pontiff will visit a number of other areas, including Fresno, where he will deliver his Pontifical message on October 10th at the historic Holy Trinity Armenian Apostolic Church. His Holiness will expand on the theme of his Pontifical visit "Towards the Light of Knowledge" at a luncheon hosted by the Los Angeles World Affairs Council on October 14th. As the spiritual leader of the Great House of Cilicia, His Holiness represents a religious center established in 1441 to serve the spiritual needs of Armenians living in the Near East. For centuries, the Great House of Cilicia maintained a network of over 15 dioceses, dozens of monasteries and was served by hundreds of faithful priests. Following the Armenian Genocide of 1915, during which 1.5 million Armenians were massacred and their houses of worship destroyed, the Catholicosate was relocated to Antelias, Lebanon. As the Moderator for the WCC, His Holiness represents the broadest and most inclusive organization of the modern ecumenical movement, a movement whose goal is Christian unity. The WCC brings together more than 340 churches, denominations and church fellowships in over 100 countries and territories throughout the world, representing some 400 million Christians. The WCC brings together most of the world's Orthodox churches, scores of denominations from such historic traditions of the Protestant Reformation as Anglican, Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist and Reformed, as well as many united and independent churches. Today the Catholicosate of Cilicia houses a prominent Cathedral, a Veharan (the Catholicos residence), accommodations for visiting clergy, modern printing facilities, a museum, a library, as well as administrative offices to run a prominent Seminary and various dioceses in the United States, Canada, Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Greece and Cyprus operating under its jurisdiction. The visit of His Holiness Aram I, Catholicos of the Great House of Cilicia to the United States has been initiated by His Eminence, Archbishop Moushegh Mardirossian of the Western Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church on the occasion of the 90th commemoration of the Armenian Genocide and the 1600th anniversary of the creation of the Armenian alphabet. The Pontifical visit will be marked by a number of memorable occasions, including; a pontifical mass at St. Mary's Church in Glendale on October 9th, a youth forum in Fresno on October 10th, a visit to Fresno University's campus on October 11th, a major address on "Christianity in the Middle East" to be delivered at the World Affairs Council on October 14th and a symposium on the "Christian Response to Violence" to be held at the University of Southern California on October 15th. 9) Nune 2005 North American Tour By Paul Chaderjian The woman who set the standard for introducing and reacquainting Diasporans and non-Armenians all over the world to Armenian songs and Armenian culture is returning to concert halls in the US and Canada with new songs, her biggest hits, dazzling costumes, and that recognizable voice which captures the drama, emotion and perseverance of the collective, enigmatic Armenian soul. She is known simply by her first name, Nune, and those who like her music all agree that they can't get enough. As a matter of fact, thousands congregate when she appears anywhere. Her summertime concert at the Cascade in Yerevan attracted fans from all corners of Armenia. A week before the Children's Day concert in Yerevan, Nune traveled to the remotest corners of Russia, where Armenians families have created small communities and financially support their cash-strapped extended families back home. Her Russian tour took her to the cities of Gorky, Perma, Samara, and Tumen. "They are migrant workers, Armenians who have been far from home for months or maybe years," says Nune. "They are homesick. Some feel disconnected from their families. So, our music and concerts are very emotional for them. It's a way for them to feel a connection to the homeland." Tiresome train, plane, and car rides to the various venues are a drastic contrast to her concert at the plush Kodak Theatre in 2002, when the premier concert hall was full of well-dressed and well-to-do fans, including Kirk Kirkorian. Even the New York Times wrote about the concert, telling the story of an Armenian singer luring young Armenians back to their roots and culture. Before leaving for Russia, Nune recorded her latest hit song "Dleh Yaman." Her rendition of the Armenian classic features Djivan Gasparian and debuted on April 24 in commemoration of the 90th Anniversary of the Armenian genocide. The "Dleh Yaman" music video features Djivan, 24 young dudug players, and Nuneall dressed in blackperforming in front of an ancient monastery and in a studio in front of images from the great catastrophe. The song and music video have been among the top ten most requested continuously all summer. "Dleh Yaman" featuring the intense drama and haunting range of the singer's voice is also a hit with fans who listen to Nune Radio via her nune.am web site. The majority of listeners are from the US, and among the 47 countries from where fans tune in range from Latvia to Kuwait, Turkey to Azerbaijan and Chile to China. The hit song will be part of Nune's new CD, which features nine new songs and is due out by the end of the year. Fans may hear these songs during Nune's upcoming North American tour. The retrospective concerts will focus on Nune's journey, travels and experiences during the past decade-and-a-half. They will feature her hit songs and videos since her debut in 1989. Bringing colorful, eye-catching, fresh designs and haute couture to Nune's North American tour will be the Tarloyan Haute Couture House in Paris. The Tarloyan twin brothers, Vartan and Kevork, who are considered by mainstream media to be among the hottest designers in Europe, created Nune's concert costumes and gowns. "I am thrilled and can't wait to start this tour," says Nune. "We have created a show that I hope will share a few drops of my inner world, my blessings and personal journey with my fans and audiences in North America." Nune's first appearance in the US will be at the annual Armenian Youth Federation 2005 Olympics celebration on September 2nd in Washington, DC. Thousands from around the world are expected to celebrate Armenian Youth at the annual week-long gathering at the nation's capital. Nune's tour will continue on the East Coast and in Canada with appearances marking the 95th anniversary of the Armenian Relief Society in Chicago on September 10, Detroit on September 11 and Boston on September 18. "We are very excited and pleased to have Nune celebrate with us this milestone," says Mayda Melkonian, chair of the ARS Leola Sassouni chapter in Boston. The Sassouni Chapter was one of the first ARS chapters established in 1910. Since then, the ARS has been working to help the Armenians through various humanitarian projects worldwide and in Armenia. "Who would be more appropriate than famous singer Nune to celebrate this occasion with us," says Melkonian. "Nune sings from her heart and touches the hearts of her audience. With her songs she portrays the Armenian people's love, courage and nationalism. She captures the audience with her dynamic presence on the stage." Joining Nune on stage at the Watertown High School Auditorium will be the Sayat Nova Dance Company of Boston. The award-winning dance group received rave reviews during Nune's last appearance in Boston three years ago. Performing with the singer in Chicago and Detroit will be members of the phenomenal Vartan and Siranoush Gevorkian Dance Group from Los Angeles. Nune's East Coast tour will continue with a one-night appearance north of the border in Montreal. Organized by the Armenian Community Center, Nune's Canadian concert will take place on September 17. Following her East Coast concerts, Nune returns to Southern California and the Pasadena Civic Auditorium on October 16. Information about Nune's North American tour dates and locations, and access to Nune Radio may be found at the web site. 10) SKEPTIK SINIKIAN Due to technical difficulties, Skpetik's column will be posted on Monday, August 29. All subscription inquiries and changes must be made through the proper carrier and not Asbarez Online. ASBAREZ ONLINE does not transmit address changes and subscription requests. (c) 2005 ASBAREZ ONLINE. All Rights Reserved. ASBAREZ provides this news service to ARMENIAN NEWS NETWORK members for academic research or personal use only and may not be reproduced in or through mass media outlets.

ITAR-TASS News Agency
TASS
August 25, 2005 Thursday
Rice notes importance of Azerbaijan-Armenia talks in Kazan
By Sevindzh Abdullayeva and Viktor Shulman
BAKU
U.S. Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice said she attaches great
importance to the Azerbaijan-Armenia talks on the Nagorno-Karabakh
settlement to be held in Kazan on August 27 as part of the CIS
summit.
In her telephone conversation with Azerbaijani President Ilkham
Aliyev on Thursday, Rice said she is hopeful that the talks would
facilitate the peaceful settlement of the Karabakh conflict.
Aliyev noted the importance of his talks with the Armenian president
in Kazan. He expressed hope for the successful outcome, the
presidential press service reported.
During the conversation, Aliyev and Rice expressed satisfaction with
the development of multifaceted relations between Azerbaijan and the
United States. The conversation also focused on the situation in
Azerbaijan and preparations for the parliamentary elections in the
republic scheduled for November 6, the press service said.

$105 MLN TO BE INVESTED IN ZVARTNOTS WITHIN NEXT TWO YEARS
YEREVAN, AUGUST 25. ARMINFO. Thursday, Armenian Government approved
the changed Master-plan submitted by the manager of the Yerevan
international airport “Zvartnots” Corporacion America.
Head of General Department of Civil Aviation of the Republic of
Armenia Artem Movsisian informed journalists, the first stage of the
Master-plan for the next two years worth $105 mln was approved. The
first stage supposes completion of the construction of the new
passenger terminal till the end of 2007. The necessity of making
changes in the Master-plan of the manager approved by the government
as far back as 2003, which cost $84 mln, was connected with the
unexpected high growth of the passenger traffic.
According to Movsisian, 1.089 mln passengers were conveyed by air
transport of the republic in 2004, which 23.6% higher than the showing
of last year.
Movsisian connects the growth of the number of the passengers with the
tourism development in Armenia, as well as with the growth of the
standard of living. Last year the number of the flights increased
mainly to Europe (by 26%) and Near East (by 14%). The growth of the
flights towards Russia in average made up 10%, he said.
The head of the GDCA informed that the program of the Corporacion
America is divided into three phases and its total cost is $230 mln.
AT the second stage (in 2008-2020) the manager plans to invest $104
mln for construction of one more passenger terminal, which will serve
only for departure of passengers. And $21 mln investments are to be
made during the third phase (20021-2030), these funds will be directed
to cover the expenses on operation and keeping of the airport. The
approval of the second and third phases of the investment program of
the manager will depend on the successful fulfillment of the first
stage and prices for services of the airport.
Artem Movsisian informed ARMINFO that 40% of the investments are the
own funds of the manager, and 60% – loans of international banks. He
added net profit of Corporacion America is about $10 mln per year.
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

UAE PLAYERS GAIN VALUABLE EXPERIENCE
By A Correspondent
Khaleej Times, United Arab Emirates
Aug 25 2005
ABU DHABI – Though UAE players failed to attain any title norms or
gain ELO rating during the Abu Dhabi Chess Festival which concluded on
Tuesday, they have gained valuable experience and honed their skills,
Hussain Khouri, manager of the festival made these observations.
He said: “We need to enhance our preparations for these championships
and adopt a proficient approach for our players to use the opportunity
to gain norms”.
Zughair Ahmad, chief arbiter also said: “The quality of games in
the Masters section was excellent and even in the final round many
masters took risks”.
Grandmaster Anastasian Ashot of Armenia emerged as undisputed winner
with seven points after the ninth and final round in the Masters.
Anastasian nudged to the title after a draw with Grandmaster Federov
Alexei of Byelorussia. Ashot said: “I played the best tournament of
my career and I was able to raise my level in crucial games”
International master Kayumov Sergey of Uzbekistan defeated
Grandmaster Iuldachev Saidali of Uzbekistan and tied for the
runner-up position with Grandmaster Bocharov Dmitry of Russia with
6.5 points apiece. Kayumov Sergey will attain a GM norm based on his
ELO performance.

ITAR-TASS News Agency
TASS
August 24, 2005 Wednesday
Armenian, Azerbaijani leaders to meet in Kazan Aug 27 – FM
MOSCOW
The presidents of Armenia and Azerbaijan – Robert Kocharyan and
Ilkham Aliyev – will have a meeting in Kazan on August 27,
Azerbaijani Foreign Minister Elmar Mamedyarov said.
After his talks with Armenian Foreign Minister Vartan Oskanyan on
Wednesday, Mamedyarov said, “We discussed the details of the
meeting.”
“But now it is early to talk about any progress in the
Nagorno-Karabakh settlement,” the Azerbaijani minister added.

ITAR-TASS news agency
24 Aug 05
Moscow, 24 August: Moscow, Baku and Yerevan count on the
Armenian-Azerbaijani summit to be a success. The two Caucasus
republics’ foreign ministers held consultations in Moscow with
Russia’s participation today on the eve of the talks between the
presidents of Armenia and Azerbaijan. Ilham Aliyev and Robert
Kocharyan are to meet in Kazan on 27 August during a CIS summit.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov pointed out Moscow’s intention
to “create all conditions to achieve progress in settling the Nagornyy
Karabakh problem”.
He stressed that he “is unable to comment on the process of
negotiations led by the co-chairmen of the OSCE Minsk Group”. “No
doubt they have their ideas,” the minister said.
“The settlement should make each of the involved parties feel that
they have greater security and that the balance of forces which has
historically evolved in the region is not upset,” the Russian
co-chairman of the Minsk Group, Yuriy Merzlyakov, has said. According
to him, “if a mutually acceptable accord is reached, we can give it
our guarantees”.
“There are hopes that we can find common denominators,” the Armenian
foreign minister, Vardan Oskanyan, believes. “These can bring about
peace and stability to the Southern Caucasus.”
The main theme for the consultations in Moscow is “to prepare the
meeting of the Armenian and Azerbaijanian presidents in Kazan on 27
August”. “We have discussed the details of the forthcoming talks,” he
said.
According to him, “the priority is given to the self-determination of
Nagornyy Karabakh which should manifest itself in the people’s right
to be free to shape their future”. “Other issues – eliminating the
consequences of the conflict, resolving territorial problems,
returning the refugees – will ensue because of this priority,”
Oskanyan believes.
Similar to his Armenian colleague, Azeri Foreign Minister Elmar
Mammadyarov takes a positive view of the consultations in Moscow. On
the other hand, he believes that “it is too early to say that there is
any breakthrough in settling the conflict in Nagornyy Karabakh”. He
stressed that “active work is needed” to achieve a settlement. “Now
there is a window of opportunity there to reach a common denominator
on this problem,” the Azeri minister believes. [Passage omitted: the
Karabakh talks background]

Open Democracy, UK
Aug 23 2005
Abkhazian futures
by Andrew Mueller

A small, little-known corner of the southern Caucasus resists
Georgia, relies on Russia, and is resolute for independence. Andrew
Mueller reports from Abkhazia.

Sukhum’s international airport must be the quietest such aviation hub
on earth. There are only a couple of passenger jets parked on the
runway, derelict Aeroflot planes that look like they haven’t been
airborne since Leonid Brezhnev was in power. There are no customs
formalities, just a bored security guard waving the few arrivals
through, and outside there are no taxis, no buses, no uniformed
chauffeurs holding up the names of their passengers.

Also on Abkhazia and Georgia in openDemocracy’s `Caucasian
fractures’ debate:
George Hewitt, `Sakartvelo: roots of turmoil’ (November 2003)
Nino Nanava, `Mikhail Saakashvili: new romantic or modern realist’
(December 2003)
Neal Ascherson, `Tbilisi, Georgia: the rose revolution’s rocky road’
(July 2005)
Chris Smith, `Baku-Ceyhan, the politics of oil’ (August 2005)
If you find this material valuable please consider supporting
openDemocracy by sending us a donation so that we can continue our
work and keep it free for all

The moribund status of Sukhum’s international airport is a by-product
of the fact that nobody outside Sukhum (sometimes rendered as
`Sukhumi’) considers it an international airport. Sukhum is the
nominal capital of Abkhazia, a region in the north-west of Georgia
which has been struggling for more than a decade to be recognised as
an independent, sovereign state. The cost, in money and human life,
has been incalculable: around 10,000 people are estimated to have
died in the little-reported 1992-93 war with Georgia, many of them
Abkhazians in a total Abkhaz population of only 90,000.
For most foreigners, coming here is possible only if they can gain
the necessary approval to travel on one of the United Nations’s
sporadic helicopter flights from the Georgian military airbase near
Senaki. The lumbering Russian-built Mi-8s fly straight to the coast
and then miles out into the Black Sea before turning back around to
Sukhum; the careful arc an acknowledgment that in October 2001, a UN
helicopter was shot down over Abkhazia, killing all nine people
aboard.
A shadow state
Abkhazia is visibly determined – despite the overt hostility of
Georgia, and the indifference of the rest of the planet – to make its
own way in the world. The territory’s public buildings, shops and
street stalls, fly Abkhazia’s own flag, rich in symbolism: green and
white stripes (representing Abkhazia’s mixed Christian and Islamic
heritage), a red panel emblazoned with an open palm (denoting
friendship), which appears to be juggling seven white stars
(representing Abkhazia’s provinces).
The formalities of independent status are everywhere. Abkhazia has
its own government, which collects its own taxes, and includes its
own foreign ministry (even if, by definition, this seems a bit like
Switzerland having a navy minister or the Netherlands a mountain
rescue service); its own police, operating according to Abkhazia’s
own laws; its own military, in which two years’ service is compulsory
for young men; its own postage stamps (though opinion about the
chances of postcards sent with them ever being seen again is mixed).
At the same time, the realities of dependency abound. Abhkazia plans
to issue its own passports, though an agreement to give all
Abkhazians the right of Russian citizenship in 2002 seemed to
compromise the goal of statehood. Russian troops guarantee the
country’s border with Georgia on the Inguri river to the east, and
are present in Sukhum itself – enviably billeted in tree-shrouded
dachas next to the beach in one of the old Soviet Union’s premier
holiday resorts (which must beat serving in Chechnya).
Abkhazia may shun the Georgian currency (lari), but it uses the
Russian rouble rather than any currency of its own. Russian is also
the most commonly heard language, though in recent years there has
been a revival of interest in the northwest Caucasian language of
Abkhazian, another marker of distinction from south Caucasian
Georgian (kartvelebi) and Mingrelian (megruli) of Georgia.
Abkhazians are fond of pointing out that the country’s modern
difficulties derive from a decree by a son of Georgia, Josef Stalin.
After the consolidation of Soviet power in 1921, Abkhazia enjoyed
(for want of a better term) the same constitutional status within the
Soviet Union as Georgia itself – that of an Autonomous Soviet
Socialist Republic.
Stalin’s regular holidays in Abkhazia inspired no fondness for its
people (with his chief henchman, Lavrenti Beria – a Mingrelian – he
would destroy Nestor Lakoba and the rest of Abkhazia’s political
leadership in the 1930s purges). In 1931, he decided to reduce its
status by incorporating it into Georgia. Georgian was made Abkhazia’s
official language, and thousands of Georgians were encouraged to
settle there. By the time the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
stopped answering to its own name in 1991, only around 20% of
Abkhazia’s population were ethnically Abkhazian.
War descended upon Abkhazia in August 1992. Post-Soviet Georgia had
lurched from the crazed misdirection of chauvinist zealot Zviad
Gamsakhurdia to the overlordship of ex-Soviet foreign minister Eduard
Shevardnadze, who – in face of Abkhazian moves to outright
independence – sanctioned a brutal invasion of the rebellious
province.
The thirteen-month war was largely ignored by a world then
preoccupied with the carnage in disintegrating ex-Yugoslavia. Yet
there are deep parallels between the conflicts – in the `ethnic
cleansing’ of populations, the state- and media-orchestrated
nationalist intolerance, and the impulse to cultural annihilation as
well as military victory.
Just as the Bosnian Serbs attempted to extinguish proof of Bosnia’s
national identity by destroying the national library in Sarajevo, so
Georgian bombs razed Abkhazia’s Institute of Language, Literature and
History, and used Sukhum’s monuments to local heroes as target
practice (the bulletholes are still visible in many cases, while the
statue of poet Dmitri Gulia has its head blown off).
It is hard to find a single Abkhazian who didn’t lose friends or
family members in the conflict with Georgia. Eventually, Abkhazia’s
hastily-convened irregular forces – abetted by various detachments of
Russians as well as Chechens and other `north Caucasians’ – drove the
Georgian military from Abkhazian territory. Around 250,000 ethnically
Georgian refugees fled with them, many to a hellish long-term
existence in the ruins of Tbilisi’s Hotel Iveria.
Abkhazia declared independence in 1994. It has been painfully
attempting to recover ever since. The territory still has no formal
transport links with the rest of Georgia, though discussions about
restoring the railway line have been held. Ships from Turkey call at
Sukhum, though they risk being impounded or fired on by Georgian
naval vessels. Increasing numbers of Russian tourists negotiate the
only open border crossing near Sochi to enjoy the beaches and hotels
of Gagra and Pitsunda, prestigious resorts during Soviet times.
No compromise
The potential wealth generated by tourism, against the backdrop of
one of the most fertile regions in the world, would certainly be
enough to sustain a workable Abkhazian economy. Yet in present
geopolitical circumstances it is difficult to see how Abkhazia’s
dreams can possibly come true.
It is inconceivable that any Georgian government will offer it
independence – aside from giving up miles of potentially profitable
coastline, recognising Abkhazia could only encourage Georgia’s other
restive regions (the Adzharian problem may have been solved, but
South Ossetia is beyond Tbilisi’s control and there is growing
discontent among the Armenian minority in the south).
Moreover, the United States has no conceivable interest in Abkhazian
statehood. It is developing closer military and strategic ties with
Georgia, and its interest in Caspian oil supplies is reflected in its
support of the Baku-Ceyhan oil pipeline that runs through Georgia’s
territory.
The US has consistently made clear its positive view of Georgia since
the `rose revolution’ that brought its smart young president, Mikhail
Saakashvili, to power in late 2003 – even extending the honour of an
ecstatically-welcomed visit by George W Bush in May 2005.
Meanwhile, the present uncertainty over Abkhazia’s status and future
suits Russia rather well. As Tbilisi strives to move closer to the
west, Moscow can loom menacingly in Georgia’s wing-mirrors and
preserve its strategic options in the troubled region (fuelling more
febrile Georgians’ fears that Abkhazians may one day be used – like
Sudetenland Germans in Czechoslovakia in the 1930s – as a pretext for
military intervention).
Despite this apparent absence of hope for a diplomatic breakthrough
in Abkhazia’s recognition by the international community, there seems
no appetite – among Abkhazia’s government or public alike – for any
sort of compromise. Indeed, in a government riven with personal
rivalries (something that became dangerously apparent during the
contested, divisive, and occasionally violent electoral process
between October 2004 and January 2005), this may be the only unifying
factor. When examples of a middle way are suggested, such as the
Basque country’s autonomy inside Spain or Scotland’s and Wales’s
within the United Kingdom, they are swiftly dismissed.
`There are’, the foreign minister Sergei Shamba declares, `no models
which could bring us together with the Georgian state. Due to
history, and due to public opinion, we stand by our right to
independence.’
`It’s about us, now’, confirms Vice-President Raul Khadjimba. `We
have to create the conditions for the world to hear about us. We have
to use television, newspapers, the internet, to tell people more
about Abkhazia. Maybe one day these issues will touch someone’s
heart, and the world will give us a chance.’

OPINION OF AZERBAIJANI LAWYERS AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT BODIES
ON POSSIBLE NATURALIZATION OF ARMENIANS – FORMER BAKU CITIZENS DIFFER
YEREVAN, AUGUST 20. ARMINFO. Opinion of Azerbaijani lawyers and
law-enforcement bodies on possible naturalization of Armenians –
former Baku citizens differ. According to the Azerbaijani newspaper
Exho, a group of Armenians from Baku residing abroad consider a
possibility of applying to the Azerbaijani authorities for
restoration of their Azerbaijani citizenship.
The lawyer, specialist in international relations Erkin Kadirov, in
this issue everything will depend on the “period and the conditions
of their leaving the country.” Besides, the lawyer says not less
important factor will be how they managed to get citizenship of other
state, in the given case, the Russian citizenship. At the same time,
Kadirov says that the Law on AR Citizenship stipulates that every
person applying for citizenship is to apply to the country’s
government with a relevant petition. On the whole, to get citizenship
it is necessary that an applicant lives in Azerbaijan for some time,
though the fact of the person’s birth in Azerbaijan changes the
situation. The position of the country’s government will not be the
last in this issue, Kadirov says, adding that the applications of
former Baku citizens will not be consider in the general order. At
the same time. He says that the legislation in Azerbaijan does not
provide for any discrimination on the national principle. At the same
time he says that if naturalized in Azerbaijan, the above people will
lose their Russian citizenship automatically.
In his turn, an MP, member of the native deputy group at PACE
Gyultekin Hajiyev says that issue of citizenship can be considered
subject to simultaneous consideration of the return of citizenship to
the Azerbaijanis- residents of the Armenian SSR by the RA leadership.
Leader of Azerbaijani Organization for Liberation of Karabakh Akif
Nagi is sharper and urges for carefulness. He thinks the
law-enforcement bodies of Azerbaijan must identify each Armenian from
Baku that wants to return to Azerbaijan of get citizenship of
Azerbaijan. “We must find out if they fought against us during
Karabakh war.”
Meanwhile, human rights activist, Head of the Peace and Democracy
Institute Leila Yunus thinks settlement of Karabakh conflict must
suppose return of Azerbaijanis – citizens of Armenia and vice versa
in the territories they left during the war.

PRESS RELEASE
National Association for Armenian Studies and Research
395 Concord Avenue
Belmont, MA 02478
Tel.: 617-489-1610
E-mail: [email protected]
Web:
MOORAD MOORADIAN TO GIVE LECTURE AND ALL-DAY SEMINAR AT NAASR IN
SEPTEMBER
Dr. Moorad Mooradian of Yerevan State University will present “A New
Look at TARC (Turkish-Armenian Reconciliation Commission)” in a lecture
at the Center and Headquarters of the National Association for Armenian
Studies and Research (NAASR), 395 Concord Ave., Belmont, Mass., on
Thursday evening, September 8, at 8 p.m. On Saturday September 10,
Mooradian will offer an all-day seminar at NAASR entitled “Hurting
Stalemate or Mediation? The Conflict Over Nagorno-Karabakh.”
Dr. Moorad Mooradian’s writings on Armenian political and historical
issues are widely read on a weekly basis in English-language
Armenian newspapers, and he is also the author of a new book on the
Turkish-Armenian Reconciliation Commission. His previous lectures at
NAASR have been to standing-room-only audiences.
A FRESH PERSPECTIVE ON TARC
One of the most contentious issues in the contemporary historiography
of Armenia and Turkey has been the Turkish-Armenian Reconciliation
Commission (TARC). In his new book, A New Look at TARC, Dr.
Mooradian has examined TARC and its composition and has analyzed it
in terms of conflict resolution theory.
Dr. Mooradian will offer his evaluation of TARC’s stated goals, its
performance, the quality and competence of its members as reconcilers,
and the course that chairman David Phillips allowed the commission
to travel. Dr. Mooradian maintains that the idea of TARC was good,
but was funded by the wrong parties and was unable to make the public
view it as impartial; it’s members, except for the chairman, were all
activists for their respective sides; and that TARC chose the wrong
issue upon which to attempt to build a bridge between the Armenian
and the Turkish governments and societies. It is Mooradian’s view
that TARC violated basic conflict resolution theory and practice and
thus was destined to be minimally, if at all, successful.
Professor Dennis Sandole of the Institute for Conflict Analysis and
Resolution at George Mason University, who wrote the foreword for the
book, states that for “those who are interested in understanding and
dealing with intractable, often violent conflicts, Dr. Mooradian’s
account of TARC is a must.”
Copies of A New Look at TARC will be on sale in the NAASR bookstore
and Dr. Mooradian will be available to autograph copies. The event
is open to the public at no charge (donations accepted at door).
AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF KARABAKH STALEMATE
Capitalizing on Mooradian’s presence in the Boston area, NAASR will
feature him in an all-day Saturday seminar on September 10, from 9:00
a.m. to 4:00 p.m., which will examine the various aspects of mediation,
its goals and various processes, in comparison with theory and with
what actually transpired in the Karabakh mediation efforts.
An analysis will be presented on the intensified warfare that
commenced with the Kelbajar offensive in 1993. Comparisons of the
several mediation efforts will be made to determine whether it was the
mediations themselves or the increased violence and destruction that
caused the opposing sides to seek an end to the organized violence
that culminated in the ongoing ceasefire.
The Russian mediation that competed with the CSCE (OSCE) effort will be
analyzed closely, with an effort to determine if it is valid to give
the Russians credit for bringing the Armenian and Azerbaijani side
to the negotiating table that led to the ceasefire. In the process
of evaluating the data, an examination via quantitative analysis will
be made to determine the logical outcomes of the mediations. Finally,
Dr. Mooradian will address the question–if a hurting stalemate brought
an end to massive violence in the form of set-to military battles,
why did/has it not led to a peace treaty?
Preregistration Recommended
Information on fees can be obtained from the NAASR offices.
Admission is open to all, but enrollment will be limited in order
to encourage active discussion and interaction. It is strongly urged
that participants register by September 1.
Dr. Moorad Mooradian received a PhD from the Institute for
Conflict Analysis and Resolution at George Mason University after a
distinguished 25-year career in the United States Army, from which he
retired as a colonel. He was Professor of History and International
Relations at the West Point U. S. Military Academy, N.Y.
Mooradian helped establish a Conflict Studies Curriculum at Yerevan
State University, which now awards both undergraduate and graduate
level degrees. He has been teaching at Yerevan State since 1995 as a
Visiting Professor and has developed a Long Distance Learning Center
there so that students may receive instruction from the U.S. as well as
Yerevan. He has also served as an unofficial advisor to the Minister
of Foreign Affairs and has been a Fulbright Scholar to Armenia.
Dr. Mooradian is a former member of NAASR’s Board of Directors.
More information on Dr. Mooradian’s lecture or seminar or about NAASR
and its programs for the furtherance of Armenian studies, research, and
publication may be had by calling 617-489-1610, by fax at 617-484-1759,
by e-mail at [email protected], or by writing to NAASR, 395 Concord Ave.,
Belmont, MA 02478.