Baku Upset Over Turkish-Armenian Efforts

BAKU UPSET OVER TURKISH-ARMENIAN EFFORTS

UPI – United Press International
September 2, 2009 Wednesday 1:29 PM EST

Recent sentiments regarding diplomatic relations between Turkey and
Armenia are in direct opposition to the interests of Azerbaijan,
officials say.

The governments of Turkey and Armenia in a joint statement Monday
said they would work toward repairing diplomatic relations, damaged
from decades of acrimony.

Turkish relations with Armenia were complicated by claims of genocide
during the Ottoman Empire. Recent ties are complicated over disputes
regarding the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, an area of dispute between
Azerbaijan and Armenia.

Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said in May that the
borders would remain closed until Armenian forces withdraw from the
contested territories.

Ankara in April, however, said it would open its borders with Armenia
in time for an October qualifying match for the World Cup tournament.

The foreign minister of Azerbaijan in official statements Tuesday
said Baku recognized Ankara’s sovereign rights, but noted many of
the issues were in opposition to Azeri national interests.

Elkhan Pokhulov, a spokesman for the Azeri Foreign Ministry, told
Turkish daily Today’s Zaman that the border issue was of particular
concern.

"If it opens," he said, "it is in opposition to Azerbaijan’s national
interests."

Armenia’s Ararat Bank To Debut On Warsaw Bourse In 2010

ARMENIA’S ARARAT BANK TO DEBUT ON WARSAW BOURSE IN 2010.

Poland Today
September 2, 2009 Wednesday

Armenia’s Ararat Bank plans to debut on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE)
in 2010, the bank’s CEO Ashot Osypian told the daily Rzeczpospolita
. The exact value of the offer prior to the debut is now being
calculated, he added. The president explained that the bank wanted to
enter the Polish market so as to gather capital and ensure a stable
market for its shareholders as well as its valuation by international
investors. Currently, Ararat Bank is listed on Nasdaq OMX Armenia,
which is much smaller than the WSE, the daily notes. In 2008, the bank
reported net profit of AMD 580mn with total assets of AMD 29.63bn (USD
1 = AMD 306.73 as of Dec 31, 2008). The bank’s shareholders include
the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) holding
25%, with 74.1% of the capital belonging to Flash LLC. Furthermore
the WSE is noticing increased interest from would-be listed foreign
companies and it counts on a number of firms from the CEE region
entering the market next year, Robert Kwiatkowski from the WSE’s
development department told Rzeczpospolita . Currently, there are 24
foreign companies listed on the WSE’s main market, but one of them,
the low-cost airlines SkyEurope Holding AG announced on Tuesday an
immediate suspensions of its sales and operations . The WSE suspended
the company’s quotations due to unreliability of information and the
company’s quotations suspension on the Vienna market. tom

Kocharian ‘Encouraged’ By Armenia’s Progress

KOCHARIAN ‘ENCOURAGED’ BY ARMENIA’S PROGRESS
Emil Danielyan

Armenialiberty.org
http://www.azatutyun .am/content/article/1814213.html
Sept 3 2009

Armenia — President Serzh Sarkisian (L) and his predecessor
Robert Kocharian attend a ceremony marking the 18th anniversary of
Nagorno-Karabakh’s declaration of independence on September 2, 2009.

Former President Robert Kocharian signaled his satisfaction with the
current state of affairs in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh as he made
a rare public appearance on Wednesday.

Kocharian reluctantly agreed to talk to journalists as he attended
official ceremonies in his hometown of Stepanakert marking the 18th
anniversary of the declaration of Nagorno-Karabakh independence. His
successor Serzh Sarkisian, also a native of Karabakh, and the disputed
region’s leadership were also in attendance.

Kocharian, who appears to have had a hair transplant recently, seemed
in unusually high spirits, joking with reporters and laughing off
their questions throughout the brief conversation. "I didn’t expect
the free life to be so good," he said, chortling.

"My mood is good," he added in remarks broadcast by Armenian TV
channels. "Especially when I see that everything is moving in a quite
encouraging direction."

Kocharian refused to elaborate on that. It thus remained unclear
whether he broadly agrees with Sarkisian’s policies and, in
particular, efforts to resolve the Karabakh conflict and normalize
Armenia’s relations with Turkey. Those efforts have generated a
lot of controversy in Yerevan, with critics, among them some former
members of the Kocharian administration, accusing Sarkisian of making
disproportionate concessions to the country’s two arch-foes.

Kocharian himself indicated his disapproval of the current Armenian
government’s more conciliatory line on Turkey in July last year, three
months after leaving office. He made clear that unlike Sarkisian,
he would not have invited Turkish President Abdullah Gul to pay a
historic visit to Yerevan in September 2008.

Kocharian has been rumored to be plotting a political comeback ever
since he completed his second and final five-year term in office in
April 2008. The Armenian pro-opposition press has been rife with
speculation that he is keen to replace the Prime Minister Tigran
Sarkisian and even win back the presidency.

Kocharian and his aides have repeatedly dismissed the speculation. The
ex-president admitted on Wednesday that he follows political
developments in the country. "But not actively," he added.

Sibel Edmonds’ Deposition Disclosures: Congressional Bribery, Blackm

SIBEL EDMONDS’ DEPOSITION DISCLOSURES: CONGRESSIONAL BRIBERY, BLACKMAIL AND ESPIONAGE
by By Brad Friedman

Brad Blog

Sept 2 2009

Breaking down the formerly-gagged FBI whistleblower’s sworn
testimony…

It has now been over a week since the video tape and
transcript from the remarkable 8/8/09 deposition of former
FBI translator-turned-whistleblower Sibel Edmonds was publicly
released. Previously, the Bush Administration invoked the so-called
"state secrets privilege" in order to gag Edmonds, in attempting to
keep such information from becoming public.

The under-oath, detailed allegations include bribery, blackmail,
espionage and infiltration of the U.S. government of, and by current
and former members of the U.S. Congress, high-ranking State and Defense
Department officials and agents of the government of Turkey. The broad
criminal conspiracy is said to have resulted in, among other things,
the sale of nuclear weapons technology to black market interests
including Pakistan, Iran, North Korea, Libya and others.

Even as many of these allegations had been previously corroborated to
varying extents, by a number of official government reports, documents
and independent media outlets (largely overseas), not a single
major mainstream media outlet in the U.S. has picked up on Edmonds’
startling claims since her deposition has been made fully available.

Granted, last week was a busy news week, with the death of Ted Kennedy,
the release of the CIA Inspector General’s report on torture, and the
announcement that Michael Jackson’s death was ruled a homicide. And,
it’s true, a 4-hour deposition and/or 241-page transcript [PDF]
is a lot of material to review, particularly given the wide scope
of the charges being made here. Still, given the serious national
security issues at stake, said to have the been among the most
important matters of the past 8 years, one would think someone in the
corporate MSM might have taken the time to go through the material,
and report on it. Particularly as Edmonds’ claims have previously
been found "credible" "serious" and "warrant[ing] a thorough and
careful review," by the DoJ Inspector General, and confirmed as such,
on several occasions, by Senators Chuck Grassley (R-IA), Patrick Leahy
(D-VT) and many many others.

So for the benefit of the U.S. media, and other readers, who may find
it helpful for this large body of newly-available information to be
culled down into more digestible pieces, I will attempt to break
down the deposition, a bit, into some of its subject matter-based
component parts. I will try to go through the major disclosures
from the deposition, one-by-one, in a series of pieces which might
help others to further report and/or investigate these breathtaking
disclosures from a former FBI official who, following 9/11, listened
to and translated wiretap recordings made from 1996 through 2002,
in the FBI’s counterintelligence and counterterrorism departments,
under top-secret clearance.

In this first break-down article, we’ll look at the answers given
by Edmonds during her deposition in regard to bribery and blackmail
of current and former members of the U.S. Congress, including Dennis
Hastert (R-IL), Bob Livingston (R-LA), Dan Burton (R-IN), Roy Blunt
(R-MO), Stephen Solarz (D-NY), Tom Lantos (D-CA, deceased) and an
unnamed, currently-serving, married Democratic Congresswoman said
to have been video-taped in a Lesbian affair by Turkish agents for
blackmail purposes.

In further breakdown articles, we’ll look at her disclosures
concerning top State and Defense officials including Douglas
Feith, Paul Wolfowitz and, perhaps most notably, the former Deputy
Undersecretary of State, Marc Grossman, the third-highest ranking
official in the State Department. Also, details on the theft of nuclear
weapons technology; disclosures on Valerie Plame Wilson’s CIA front
company Brewster-Jennings; items related to U.S. knowledge of 9/11
and al-Qaeda prior to September 11, 2001; infiltration of the FBI
translation department and more…

Though Edmonds was careful to not "discuss the intelligence gathering
method by the FBI," she notes in her deposition that her claims are
"Based on documented and provable, tracked files and based on…100
percent, documented facts."

Among the specific charges she levels against current and former
U.S. Congress Members in the deposition:

Dennis Hastert: "[S]everal categories. The acceptance of large sums
of bribery in forms of cash or laundered cash … to make it look
legal for his campaigns, and also for his personal use, in order to
do certain favors … make certain things happen for foreign entities
and foreign governments’ interests, Turkish government’s interest
and Turkish business entities’ interests. … other activities, too,
including being blackmailed for various reasons. … he used the
townhouse that was not his residence for certain not very morally
accepted activities. … foreign entities knew about this, in fact,
they sometimes participated in some of those not maybe morally well
activities in that particular townhouse that was supposed to be
an office, not a house, residence at certain hours, certain days,
evenings of the week."

Stephen Solarz: "[A]s lobbyist … acted as conduit to deliver
or launder contribution and other briberies to certain members of
Congress, but also in pressuring outside Congress, and including
blackmail, in certain members of Congress."

Bob Livingston: "Until 1999 … not very legal activities on behalf
of foreign interests and entities, and after 1999 acting as a conduit
to, again, further foreign interests, both overtly and covertly as
a lobbyist, but also as an operative."

Tom Lantos: "[N]ot only … bribe[ry], but also … disclosing highest
level protected U.S. intelligence and weapons technology information
both to Israel and to Turkey. … other very serious criminal conduct."

Unnamed Congresswoman: (Though not identified as such during
the deposition, Edmonds has since confirmed her to be a Democrat)
"[T]his Congresswoman’s married with children, grown children, but she
is bisexual. … So they have sent Turkish female agents, and that
Turkish female agents work for Turkish government, and have sexual
relationship with this Congresswoman in her townhouse … and the
entire episodes of their sexual conduct was being filmed because the
entire house, this Congressional woman’s house was bugged. … to be
used for certain things that they wanted to request … I don’t know if
she did anything illegal afterwards. … the Turkish entities, wanted
both congressional related favoritism from her, but also her husband
was in a high position in the area in the state she was elected from,
and these Turkish entities ran certain illegal operations, and they
wanted her husband’s help. But I don’t know if she provided them
with those."

Roy Blunt: "[T]he recipient of both legally and illegally raised
donations, campaign donations from …Turkish entities."

Dan Burton: (And others) "[E]xtremely illegal activities against
the United States citizens who were involved in [covert] operations
that were … against … foreign government[s] and foreign entities
against the United States’ interests."

Hastert, Livingston and Solarz, as Edmonds notes in her deposition,
would all go on to become highly-paid lobbyist for Turkey and/or
Turkish public interest groups after they left the U.S. Congress.

* * * What follows below are the key exchanges relating specifically
to criminal corruption by members of the U.S. Congress from the
8/8/09 Sibel Edmonds deposition, in the Schmidt v. Krikorian case,
currently pending before the Ohio Election Commission. The full
deposition transcript is here [PDF], and more details, including
the complete video-tape of the entire deposition, can be seen in our
original coverage of the deposition’s release…

NOTES: â~@¢ I’ve removed various attorney cross-talk, objections, etc.,
and reformated the deposition for, hopefully, easier readability here.

â~@¢ I’ve tried to augment with the text with links to supporting or
referenced material where appropriate.

â~@¢ Edmonds works dilligently, throughout the deposition, to word
her answers in ways that work around her existing FBI non-disclosure
requirements by referring, when possible, to specific details about
her allegations which have already been otherwise publicly reported in
some fashion or another, or that she says she was able to independently
learn or corroborate outside of her employment at the FBI.

â~@¢ As Edmonds speaks with an accent, her grammer is sometimes
imperfect, as reflected in the literal transcription.

DIRECT EXAMINATION, questioning by Krikorian attorney, Dan Marino….

(Beginning on page 46)

Q: All right. Now, on that Website and this States Secrets Privilege
gallery [ed note: photos on that page identified by Edmonds expert
Luke Ryland here], it seems like you have photographs of various
individuals, correct?

A: Yes.

Q: Is Dan Burton one of the people who’s in the gallery?

A: His picture is there, yes.

Q: Okay. Why is his picture there?

A: I can’t discuss the details of those individuals not legal
activities in the United States, but those pictures, his and others,
are there because State Secrets Privilege was mainly involved to cover
up those individuals illegal, extremely illegal activities against
the United States citizens who were involved in operations that were,
again, against order [sic] foreign government and foreign entities
against the United States’ interests.

Q: And Dan Burton is a representative, member of Congress from Indiana;
is that correct? Is that the right place?

A: I believe he is.

Q: Okay. What about — it also appears that you have a photograph
of Dennis Hastert in the gallery.

A: Yes.

Q: Okay, and why is his photograph there?

A: Again, just information that’s public, has been public, is he
would be one of the primary U.S. persons involved in operations and
activities that are not legal, and they’re not for the interest of
the United States but for the interest of foreign governments and
foreign entities.

Q: Now, again, Mr. Hastert was the Speaker of the House and
Representative from Illinois?

A: At the time he was.

Q: Can you tell me anything about what your concerns are about
Mr. Hastert?

A: This information has been public. [ed note: See detailed 2005 Vanity
Fair exposé here, Hastert attorney’s reply (six months later) and
Edmonds’ reply to it, here at The BRAD BLOG.] The concerns, again would
be several categories. The acceptance of large sums of bribery in forms
of cash or laundered cash and laundering is to make it look legal for
his campaigns, and also for his personal use, in order to do certain
favors and call certain — call for certain actions, make certain
things happen for foreign entities and foreign governments’ interests,
Turkish government’s interest and Turkish business entities’ interests.

Q: Did you have reason to believe that Mr. Hastert, for example,
killed one of the Armenian genocide resolutions in exchange for money
— … money from these Turkish organizations?

A: Yes, I do.

Q: So if I were to say that a member of Congress — if I were to just
walk out on the street and say, "Gee, I think members of Congress have
taken money from these Turkish organizations in exchange for denying
the Armenian genocide," would that be an unreasonable assumption on
my part?

A: No.

Q: Are you aware of other members of Congress, other than Mr. Hastert,
taking money from Turkish organizations in exchange for denying the
Armenian genocide?

A: Yes, and not only taking money, but other activities, too, including
being blackmailed for various reasons.

Q: Stephen Solarz is on your gallery as well. I believe he’s a
Representative from New York. Is that correct? I’m really guessing.

A: He used to be.

Q: Was, right?

A: Correct. He is a registered lobbyist for the — or was registered
lobbyist for the government of Turkey.

Q: And Mr. Hastert is also a registered lobbyist for the government
of Turkey now?

A: That’s what I have read and it was announced, yes, he is.

Q: And why is Mr. Solarz in your gallery, if you can tell me?

A: Mr. Solarz and certain others in the gallery, as lobbyists they
also acted as conduits to deliver or launder contribution and other
briberies to certain members of Congress, but also in pressuring
outside Congress, and including blackmail, in certain members of
Congress.

Q: And Mr. Solarz and others would be doing this on behalf of these
Turkish organizations?

A: And the Turkish government, correct, both.

Q: Would you say that — would it be your opinion that the Turkish
government through these Turkish organizations in the United States
and otherwise has corrupted members of Congress?

A: Absolutely, yes.

Q: And is that based on you just speculating or is it based on
something else?

A: Based on documented and provable, tracked files and based on facts
100 percent, documented facts.

Q: It looks like you have a photo of Bob Livingston on your gallery
as well.

A: Yes.

Q: And I believe he’s a Congressman from I want to say Louisiana at
some point.

A: Correct.

Q: He was the one that was going to be the speaker, but then left.

A: Yes.

Q: Why is he in your gallery?

A: Until 1999, until he left for activities that he was engaged, not
very legal activities on behalf of foreign interests and entities, and
after 1999 acting as a conduit to, again, further foreign interests,
both overtly and covertly as a lobbyist, but also as an operative.

Q: When you say "as an operative," what do you mean by that?

A: In order to explain, I will give you an example maybe. Is that okay?

Q: Sure.

A: Just a hypothetical example or —

Q: It’s okay with me.

A: Okay. If an individual has companies set up and clients in
offshore islands like Cayman Islands, for example, and is able to as
an operative to launder money by foreign entities that were obtained
illegally, and some of them had to do with narcotics, and used these
Cayman Islands offshore accounts to do that, and then some of that
money goes to the congressional people, I would call that not overt. I
would call that covert operations, covert operative, operations for
that person rather than the classic lobbying operation.

(Page 65)

Q: One of the other entries on your Wikipedia entry indicates that
you had accused Mr. Hastert and other, quote, high ranking members of
U.S. government of — let me make sure I’m reading this correctly. The
entry says, "Edmonds also accuses Dennis Hastert of taking bribes." I
think we’ve talked about that; is that correct?

A: Yes.

Q: And then it says, "And high ranking members of the U.S. government
of selling nuclear secrets to Turkey and Pakistan."

Did you allege that high ranking members in the U.S. government had
sold nuclear secrets to Turkey and Pakistan?

A: They were involved in operations that were obtaining illegally
U.S. weapons and nuclear related technology and sell it to foreign
governments and also foreign independent operatives.

(Page 68)

Q: We’ve talked about some members of Congress having connections
with the Turkish government or Turkish organizations. Are there others
that you’re aware of other than the ones we’ve discussed already?

A: Congressional members?

Q: Congressional members.

A: Yes.

Q: Can you identify some of them?

A: Their pictures are on the — I have pictures included in my
Website, and they can be identified. There’s several there outside
the ones you named.

Q: I just — I looked at the Website but didn’t recognize —

A: Okay.

Q: — some of them. So would you be able to tell me who the other
pictures are?

A: Others have been — they’re all identified as public information.

Q: Yes.

A: Tom Lantos is one of them.

Q: All right.

A: I believe he passed away, and Tom Lantos’ office would be not
only with the bribe, but also in disclosing highest level protected
U.S. intelligence and weapons technology information both to Israel
and to Turkey. His office was also involved with that. It was not
only bribery, but it was other very serious criminal conduct.

Roy Blunt is there. There have been individuals with a question
mark there.

The reason there’s a question mark is I lacked I was terminated by
April 2002, but this particular Congresswoman — the Turkish — these
Turkish organizations and operatives, if they can’t do it by money,
they do by blackmail. So they collect information on sexual lives and
other information like that, and with this particular Congresswoman, it
being 2000 until I left, they — this individual, this Congresswoman’s
married with children, grown children, but she is bisexual.

So they have sent Turkish female agents, and that Turkish female
agents work for Turkish government, and have sexual relationship
with this Congresswoman in her townhouse actually in this area, and
the entire episodes of their sexual conduct was being filmed because
the entire house, this Congressional woman’s house was bugged. So
they have all that documented to be used for certain things that
they wanted to request when I left. So I don’t know whether she —
that Congresswoman complied and gave. That’s why I couldn’t use her
name because I don’t — I meant her face because I don’t know if
she did anything illegal afterwards.

But she was — there are things; information was being collected
for blackmail purposes, and her lesbian relationship, and they, the
Turkish entities, wanted both congressional related favoritism from
her, but also her husband was in a high position in the area in the
state she was elected from, and these Turkish entities ran certain
illegal operations, and they wanted her husband’s help. But I don’t
know if she provided them with those. I left. I was terminated.

Q: And can you tell me how you know all that, everything you just
told me?

A: I can’t discuss the intelligence gathering method by the FBI, but
in general terms, when foreign targets among themselves discuss how
they were going to achieve certain goals, objectives, and if those
communications are collected and recorded, not only do you have
that communications, but in some cases they involved field office
surveillance team to see that actually they completed.

For example, if they say — somebody says at five o’clock they’re
going to bug his house, the surveillance team would go out and see
that he had (unintelligible). So there were various ways that things
were collected.

Q: All right. So just to make sure I understand this, the Turkish
entities were at least preparing to blackmail this Congresswoman.

A: Correct.

Q: And is this Congresswoman still a sitting member of Congress?

A: Yes.

Q: And why, if you know, would they want to blackmail this
Congresswoman?

A: I don’t know what reasons they had, why they just didn’t do
money. They needed — I was trained as a language specialist
by my agent for — to find personal information, and one of the
things that we was taught in the FBI — everyone was taught in the
counterintelligence — that the target U.S. persons, whether they
are in Congress or executive branch or whatever, first go by foreign
entities to what they refer to as hooking period, and it was very
common; it’s a very common way of trying to find vulnerability, and
that is sexual, financial, any other kinds of greeds, and it was —
it was done a lot, was being done a lot, and in some cases certain
people from Pentagon would send a list of individuals with access to
sensitive data, whether weapons technology or nuclear technology,
and this information would include all their sexual preference,
how much they owed on their homes, if they have gambling issues,
and the State Department, high level State Department person would
provide it to these foreign operatives, and those foreign operatives
then would go and hook those Pentagon people, whether they were at
RAND or some other Air Force base.

And then the hooking period would take some times. Sometimes it
takes months, sometimes one year. They would ask for small favor, but
eventually after they reviewed the targets that the U.S. person —
some small favor, then they would go blackmail and that person would
give them everything, nuclear related information, weapons related
information. It always worked for them. So it was not always money.

Q: If you know, what was it that these Turkish entities wanted from
this Congresswoman?

A: I know for sure that Armenian genocide was one, but also where
she came from, that city or the district where she came from is where
certain Turkish operatives, lobby groups run illegal businesses for
fund raising for themselves to generate money, and for laundering that
money they needed her influence in that district where she is from
and also her husband because he husband was also involved, had some
high level position, not an elected person, with where she came from,
and they had another Representative who was making it possible, but
supposedly she at that point was kind of — was an obstacle. That’s
all I know.

Q: In your experience, I mean, was this hooking technique used with
other members of Congress by Turkish entities?

A: Well, when I worked for the FBI, I work on operations that were not
only current, but specific period of 1996 till 2000, 2001, December,
2003 January [ed note: That’s likely a transcript typo, likely meant as
"2002 January" instead]. So there were a lot of things that certain
field office had provided me to go over, and some of that I didn’t
complete, but one example would be with regard to Mr. Hastert. For
example, he used the townhouse that was not his residence for certain
not very morally accepted activities.

Now, whether that was being used as blackmail I don’t know, but the
fact that foreign entities knew about this, in fact, they sometimes
participated in some of those not maybe morally well activities in
that particular townhouse that was supposed to be an office, not a
house, residence at certain hours, certain days, evenings of the week.

So I can’t say if that was used as blackmail or not, but certain
activities they would share. They were known.

Q: With respect to the Congresswoman who they were — you don’t know
what happened ultimately because you left, right?

A: Correct.

Q: Or you were terminated.

A: Correct.

Q: But with respect to that Congresswoman you said one of the things
that they wanted was you said Armenian genocide. I assume you were
referring to the fact they wanted her support —

A: Yes.

Q: — to oppose the Armenian genocide resolution.

A: Yes, and she was not leaning that way during that stage, until
this hooking start.

Q: And does it surprise you that they would go to those lengths to
gain her opposition to such a resolution?

A: Not at all.

Q: Why not?

A: I don’t know what their reason is, but they are going to this
extent. I mean, they may have — I can only guess what their reasons
are, but I think they would do anything. It’s a very important issue,
and whether it’s money, whether sexual blackmail, anything they would
do to not let this happen or get the support so it wouldn’t happen.

Q: Are you aware of — other than the people that we’ve talked about,
and I want to come back to Roy Blunt in a minute, but aside from the
people we’ve talked about, are you aware of other current sitting
members of Congress who you believe have been given money by the
Turkish lobby, Turkish government to oppose the Armenian genocide
resolution?

Q: The pictures are there, and I just talked about that Congressional
woman with the question mark because I don’t know whether she complied
with their — but those are everything that — those people are
all there, that Website pictures.

(Page 81)

Q: Why is Roy Blunt in your gallery?

A: One of the individuals who was the recipient of both legally and
illegally raised donations, campaign donations from foreign entities.

Q: And what foreign entities?

A: The ones that I’m aware of, Turkish entities. It’s just like a
network because those people, they worked together, and I don’t have
expertise in PAC, but a lot of — there are so many ways that these
PAC things can be not very legally distributed from one person’s,
let’s say, Mr. Hastert’s campaign to that individual or let’s say it’s
a foreign registered lobbyist, like Livingston can get foreign money,
but then clean it and then give it to him. It’s just so many ways. it’s
a very complicated maze-like network on how they get this money
cleared and into people, into people’s pocket and also their campaigns.

Q: Now, are you — has it come to your attention that some members
of Congress once they’ve left Congress like Dennis Hastert engaged
in lobbying for the Turkish government?

A: Dennis Hastert is known publicly. Stephen Solarz is known
publicly. He used to be a Congressman, and then he became lobbyist
as soon as he left both for Israel and Turkey.

Bob Livingston, he within a year after he left Congress, he became
lobbyist for the government of Turkey, and he is registered under
Foreign Agent’s Registration Act.

But then there are people who work for these lobbying firms who are not
the top, but they have received their share while they were working,
whether they are in Pentagon.

One person was Defense Intelligence Agency person, Dana Bauer, and
now she works for Bob Livingston, but this individual, Ms. Bauer,
did a lot of favors and illegal favors to — for government of Turkey
and others, and then was hired by Livingston and put on a big salary
to represent Turkish government.

So it’s not only top tier of the lobbying firm, but then the people
who work for them later and the various layers of those people.

Q: How about Richard Gephardt? You know, who he is, right?

A: Yes, I do.

Q: And do you have any information about whether or not he took money
from Turkish organizations?

A: No, I just have (unintelligible) information based on what I
read that he joined the lobby firm for — that represents Turkey,
the lobby that Mr. Hastert got hired, but I don’t have any information.

Q: For the firm called DLA Piper?

A: Yes.

Q: Law firm. Are you aware of them lobbying for the Turkish government?

A: Yes.

Q: Let me give you a hypothetical and just get your understanding of
what might be going on because it’s particularly relevant to our case.

You have a hypothetical Congresswoman from State X. Her district has
no Turkish population to speak of or Armenian population to speak
of. She’s the largest recipient of Turkish PAC money in the 2008
election cycle. All right?

She meets with Livingston and Rogers or Livingston Group when they’re
escorting members of the Turkish parliament to a reception. She
receives fact sheets from the Livingston Group talking about Turkish
relations; goes to luncheons in honor of the Turkish Foreign Minister,
and she opposes Armenian genocide resolution and, in fact, refuses
to even recognize the genocide as a historical fact.

What’s your sense? What does it tell you is going on there in — …

A: Based on several that I personally know about in terms of how
they conduct and how they behave, those elected officials who are
serving the foreign government’s interest, I would say that’s modus
operandi that you describe. It’s a classic fit of how individuals
who happen to owe their position and favors to a foreign government,
in this particular case Turkey, behave at and the kinds of people
they associate with. That modus operandi classically matches of the
individuals I know who were serving Turkish government’s and other
Turkish entities’ interest.

Q: And your view, based on what you know, would it be a reasonable
statement to say that that Congresswoman is taking money from Turkish
interest in part for denying the existence of the Armenian genocide?

A: Say based on my knowledge, my experience, and what I know, that
money — those Turkish entities’ lobby organization will not give a
penny to anyone unless they have a prior pact with that person. This
is what you’re going to do for us, and that has been the case at
least up till 2002.

(Page 94)

[Ed note: After a detailed explanation, by Edmonds, of her statement
from her pre-deposition declaration on having "obtained evidence that
the government of Turkey had engaged in practices and policies that
were inimical to American interests and had, in fact, resulted in
both the direct and indirect loss of American lives."…]

Q: All right. So if I were to say that — if I were a Congress person
and I’m taking money from the Turkish government either directly or
indirectly, would it be a fair statement that I’m taking money from
a government that has engaged in policies and practices that cost
American lives?

A: Correct.

(Page 99)

Q: I assume that — well, let me just ask you, and I’m not trying
to put you on the spot. If you can’t answer, just tell me. Would
you be prepared to tell me who the Congresswoman is that we’ve been
talking about? [Ed note: He’s referring to the one said to have been
"hooked" into having a lesbian sexual affair which was secretly taped
for blackmail purposes.]

A: I would have, and it wouldn’t be because of classification I don’t
believe. I if in case this congressional person did not bend under
the pressure in case. I just don’t want somebody, innocent person’s
reputation destroyed because I don’t know if this person complied
with whatever she happened to be blackmailed later. I think I —

Q: All right. That’s fair enough. I take it then from what you’ve
told me that the people you’ve identified, the people that you’ve
talked about today you’re certain about.

A: Yes.

Q: And what you’ve told me today about those people is not based
on speculation.

A: No.

Q: Any doubt in your mind that the Turkish government has caused
American lives?

A: No.

Q: Caused a loss of American lives?

A: No. And not only American lives. Even in other countries and some
innocent Turkish lives, too, but American lives, too, yes.

Q: Any question in your mind based on everything that you’ve
experienced that the Turkish government has infiltrated members of
Congress to get their support against or their opposition to the
Armenian genocide resolution?

A: None whatsoever.

CROSS EXAMINATION BY BRUCE FEIN, attorney for Rep. Jean Schmidt
(R-OH, 2nd)…

(Beginning on page 159)

Q: Mr. Burton you said received bribes from the government of
Turkey. What years were those bribes received?

A: My information that is limited for the time period 1997 until
January 2002.

Q: Mr. Blunt, what was the time frame of the information relating
to bribery?

A: Mr. Blunt, to the best of my recollection, the same time period.

Q: Mr. Hastert?

A: To the best of my recollection, the same time period.

Q: Steven Solarz?

A: To the best of my recollection it would be 1999 to January 2002.

Q: Mr. Gephardt, Richard Gephardt.

A: And I’m sorry. I have to go back. Mr. Solarz, referring to his
capacity as his firm. He was not an elected representative during those
— so we’re not talking about congressional. We’re talking about —

Q: The people that you had —

A: Okay, and that would — their activities of receiving or those
kinds of activities in the context that I explained for Mr. Solarz’s
role would be 1999 until January 2002.

Q: And Mr. Richard Gephardt?

A: I don’t have any information on Mr. Gephardt.

Q: Having received any government bribes —

A: No.

Q: — or otherwise?

A: No.

Q: Do you have any information relating to bribery and blackmail of
incumbent members of Congress that were after January of 2002?

A: You mean direct information?

Q: Yes, based on personal knowledge.

A: No.

(Page 168)

Q: If I used the word "a government sponsored political action
committee," what is your understand of a government — a foreign
government sponsored political action committee? What does that mean
to you? In specifics, does that mean the foreign government is giving
money to that political action committee or other things of value?

A: I’m not sure.

Q: Does it have any meaning to you at all?

A: Government —

Q: Sponsored.

A: — sponsored —

Q: — political action —

A: — political action committee?

Q: Un-huh.

A: I guess, again, I don’t know. I haven’t read the description or
definition of that particular terminology. The meaning to me would
be it would be either by, commerce, commerce/business sponsored,
and doesn’t mean necessarily money or the lobbying and the advocacy
for by a certain group.

Q: Okay. If it’s not money, what are the other things that come
to mind?

A: I’m not sure.

Q: But money would be the most prominent thing that would come to
mine or not? Other things compete with money as to what it means?

A: I guess that depends on which country, foreign country you’re
dealing with and what —

Q: Dealing with Turkey, if it’s Turkey, if it’s the Turkish government
sponsored.

A: If it’s a Turkish sponsored PAC, up until, let’s say year 2000
to January [ed note: likely transcription error, should be "2002
January"], it meant certain things. I don’t know what has meant since
then, but up until 2002, it would have meant something.

Q: And what was that?

A: When their donations are made to a certain PAC or a lobbying, well,
during that time period it was only done to PACs or PACs that are
related to congressional candidates who have made covertly promises
and deals because they have overt promises. Yeah, I will be promoting
commerce, et cetera, but covertly to further certain interests or
agendas of certain business and entities and sometimes or most of
the time those work hand in hand with certain government agents,
foreign government agency.

Q: So that was giving money prior to 2002; government, Turkish
sponsored PACs would be giving money to the PACs to give the money
to the members of Congress?

A: No. You asked for the reason. You said why would they give and I —

Q: No, no. If I spoke that, it was inartful. I’m not asking why they
gave. I’m just saying a government, a Turkish government sponsored PAC
prior to 2002 — I think that was the time frame you were referring
to — meant in your understanding that the government of Turkey
gave money to the PAC in order to give to members of Congress. I’m
not asking what they sought in exchange.

A: Right, and they did so overtly and covertly. For example, sometimes
the money in the form of a suitcase of cash would go to a certain
person or business entity, and from that business person/entity,
would be divided to ten people in order to not trace the origin of
that money to that particular Turkish government agent or Turkish
government group.

So they did it in steps. So it just depends.

Q: So it would be like you would use or they would use the middle
men. All right. It has come — the origin of the money is the
government of Turkey. They give till it looks like a private business
or entity, and they tell them you then turn around and maybe give it
to another middle man so that there is some kind of chain of custody
that separates the government of Turkey directly from the end user,
but the origin of the money is from Turkey.

A: Or a government entity associated with the —

Q: A government owned corporation or enterprise of some type.

A: Or it can be an entity, let’s say. Let’s say it can be a military
attache person that is doing that, that the Turkish military attache
and that person is — you know, that military attache person is
employed by the Turkish government, and suddenly he says, Okay. I have
a suitcase of $45,000, and how are we going to distribute that?" Unless
they have a candidate in mind, there are ways they did it, and that
would be — one way would be to give some of that cash. They get
the citizens, Turkish people who are citizens here. You know, they
give them cash, and they have each one of those citizens write some
amount like under $200, let’s say, to a particular candidate.

Even though that money didn’t come from those U.S. citizens, the
money came from Turkish Embassy, and as long as it was under 200,
they can get 500 Turkish people. Each one write $200. So that’s one
of the ways they do it.

[Ed note: The allegations made in David Rose’s 2005 Vanity Fair article
include Hastert having received some $500,000 vis a vis donations of
$199, one dollar below the line required for identifying the donors
name, as well as hundreds of thousands of dollars in cash delivered
in a suitcase. Only one other member of Congress, at the time, had
received more money in that type of $199 donation. Hastert’s attorney
rejected the premise on his behalf, though Edmonds noted in a response
posted by The BRAD BLOG, that his attorney failed to answer to the
specifics of the allegations. His office has still refused to disclose
the identity of those donors.]

Q: Okay. All right. That answers my question.

If a PAC gave campaign contributions to a member of Congress who was a
sponsor of the Armenian genocide resolution, then you’re pretty certain
that would not be a PAC that got any money from the Turkish government?

[Various objections, questioning continues on p. 175]

So I’m really asking — I guess I can ask it in a similar
language. That is, if a PAC did give money to members of Congress who
were sponsors of the genocide resolution, then is it your conclusion
or opinion that PAC was not receiving any money from the Turkish
government?

A: That would be impossible to guess because Armenian genocide was
one criteria, but there were other criterias also, and that included,
as I said, the criteria that’s related to the weapons purchase from
the United States, and which general in Turkey is going to get a
claim of this thing, and who’s going to get what money.

So there were, as I said, the Armenian genocides was one of three
or four criteria that they considered and honored in order to give
money or not only money, but also other ways of giving position,
a certain company to the son of certain congressional person or
keeping certain things secret or et cetera. So that was one of —
the Armenian genocide bill was one of them.

So maybe I’m saying in a hypothetical situation that particular
candidate may be a sponsor of Armenian genocide, when on the other
three criteria that are extremely important or two other criteria,
that person or candidate may be doing important, very important favor
or giving important favor.

So I can’t — I can’t tell you. It just depends on the situation. Or
that candidate may be in a or incumbent may be in a very sensitive
committee in Congress or Senate and in the position of obtaining
some very important classified information they may want. So it can
be other things under that scenario that we just discussed.

Q: Right. So they look at a variety of criteria. Even if they don’t
satisfy all of them, they may be some money because they view some
of the issues as more important than others.

A: May be.

RE-DIRECT by Dan Marino, attorney for David Krikorian…

(Beginning on page 208)

Q: If you would look at Paragraph 14 of Ms. Schmidt’s complaint,
please, and I’m referring specifically to her reference to a letter
from Mr. Krikorian. She quotes it as saying that Ms. Schmidt insanely,
quote, denies the Christian Armenian genocide at the hands of the
Muslim Ottoman Empire." And then it goes on to say a couple of lines
down, Jean Schmidt has taken $30,000 in blood money from Turkish
sponsored political action committees to deny the slaughter of 1.5
million Armenian men, women and children by the Ottoman Turkish
government during World War I."

Do you see that?

A: right.

Q: Now, do you think that based on everything that you know that
Mr. Krikorian is coming out of left field by saying something like
that?

A: As I said, based on my first hand information, my own knowledge,
anybody who strongly comes and denies this and also has that kind of
relationship with the Turkish sponsored PACs and organizations, et
cetera, at least in the past, has been exactly for this particular
reason. It’s been representing the other foreign interest and not
being objective represent the United States interest.

So this, again, as I said, it fits. I don’t know anything about this
lady, but it fits the modus operandi of all the others who were on the
payroll one way or another. To just do this, they were on the payroll
of the Turkish government entities, certain Turkish government —

Q: So it wouldn’t surprise you at all for Mr. Krikorian to say
something like that under the circumstances, right?

A: I mean, there’s no that doesn’t surprise me.

Q: If you look at Paragraph 20 of her complaint, she says it would be
a crime under federal law for the Turkish government or any foreign
national to fund a political action committee that made donations to
a federal candidate seeking election to Congress, among other federal
offices, and she cites a federal statute. Do you see that?

A: Yes.

Q: Now, many of the things that you describe which you have personal
knowledge of would be crimes under U.S. statutes, correct?

A: Absolutely, and they would have these people in jail, those people.

Q: If Mr. Krikorian asked the question — this gentleman asked the
question of those voters, why would you want to vote for someone who
has taken money from the government, whose policies and practices
cost American lives? Would that be a crazy question for him to ask
under your — based on your experience?

A: Absolutely not, and that’s where I would even go further. For any
candidate who starts really getting that kind of a close relationship
with any foreign government to that degree and to get that kind of
support because of that, I — that would be a very valid — that
would be a valid question, and I would not want to vote for someone.

http://www.bradblog.com/?p=7387

Turkey, Armenia Move To Establish Ties

TURKEY, ARMENIA MOVE TO ESTABLISH TIES
by Huma Yusuf

Christian Science Monitor
September 1, 2009, Tuesday

A daily summary of global reports on security issues.

Turkey and Armenia announced in a joint statement Monday the launch
of talks aimed at establishing diplomatic ties. The announcement
is the first concrete step toward normalizing relations since the
two countries announced that they would resume ties in April this
year. The negotiations, which are being mediated by Switzerland,
mark a thaw in relations between the neighbors after a century of
animosity. Turkey and Armenia have never had diplomatic ties; in 1993,
Turkey closed the border with Armenia in support of Azerbaijan, which
was fighting Armenia over the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh at the time.

Analysts say Turkey’s improved relations with Armenia will help
consolidate its position as a regional power. According to Public
Radio of Armenia, Turkey and Armenia will engage in consultations
on two protocols – promoting diplomatic relations and developing
bilateral ties. The talks are expected to last six weeks, after
which both countries will submit the protocols to their respective
parliaments to be ratified. The border between the two countries is
expected to open within two months, reports Reuters. The New York
Times reports that the talks will not touch on arguably the most
divisive issue between the two countries: the killing of more than 1
million Armenians under Turkish Ottoman rule between 1915 and 1918,
which the present-day Turkish government does not recognize as
genocide. Recently, Armenian President Serge Sarkisian indicated
that Turkey’s recognition of genocide is not a precondition for
establishing relations. The Swiss-mediated talks began last year,
keeping a low profile to avoid exciting nationalist antagonism in
both countries. Armenia’s insistence that border and trade relations
be normalized before any discussion of genocide began helped push
the most contentious issue to the back burner. Although the debate
about the World War I-era killings will not be touched upon, the talks
could still face obstacles, reports the Associated Press. In Turkey,
nationalist sentiment and suspicion about Armenian intentions is
particularly high. Also, despite an agreement that the process should
proceed without preconditions, Turkey’s prime minister has linked it
to a resolution of the dispute over Nagorno-Karabakh, an Azeri region
that was occupied by Armenian troops. Trend News Agency, a Baku-based
news organization serving the Caucasus and Caspian region, reports that
the Armenian opposition party, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation,
will likely pressure the government to remain restrained in its
dealings with Ankara. Despite these hurdles, analysts in Armenia are
optimistic that the talks will lead to improved bilateral relations,
reports A1 Plus, a Yerevan-based news channel. An analysis in The
Economist suggests that improved relations with Armenia are part
of Turkey’s foreign policy strategy under Foreign Minister Ahmet
Davutoglu. [Mr. Davutoglu’s] approach rests on two pillars. One is
to have "zero problems" with the neighbours, many of them troubled or
troublesome. The other is "strategic depth". This calls for a Turkish
zone of political, economic and cultural influence, primarily among
neighbours (many of them former Ottoman dominions) in the Balkans, the
south Caucasus and the Middle East. On the issue of Turkish-Armenian
relations, The Economist also suggests that Turkey’s relations with
the United States may have instilled a willingness to negotiate. Mr
Davutoglu insists that Turkey wants peace with Armenia. But one
Western diplomat says that "rapprochement with Armenia is on its
last legs." This has raised the spectre of a row with Turkey’s most
powerful ally, America. Armenian-Americans want Mr Obama to honour
his election pledge to insist that the massacre by Ottoman forces of
more than a million of their ancestors in 1915 was genocide.

Government Of "White Planters"

GOVERNMENT OF "WHITE PLANTERS"
SIRANUYSH PAPYAN

16:25:51 – 02/09/2009
||soc iety&pid=15051

In your opinion, what is government? What are the mechanisms of its
formations and its functions?

Let me start saying that during previous interviews my friends have
given very good answers to this questions, let me try too. First, a
country has to assume its role of a servant, in other words, the model
of democratic society which we have chosen is a model of servant. In
other words, I have to be sure that the taxes paid by commercials
are being used for pensions or budgets for poor people, that our
borders are well defended from enemies etc, etc. And a governmental
member is a guarantee. This is some kind of commerce: you give your
vote and your security is ensured in exchange. Now we have just the
opposite. Now the citizens serve the government. After Soviet period,
we hoped that we would have rights for vote, free economic relations,
protection of borders and so on, but factually, our country secures
only the protection of borders but not fully. The defense of border
was also secured by the Soviet government and with higher quality,
in fact today we may register that nothing is changed.

How would you comment on the essence of government and its structure
in Armenia?

It is a government composed of several oligarchic servant families for
whom the word "Armenia" is an empty sound, let alone "democracy" or
"freedom". There is total complaint just this complaint has to reach
its peak. Maybe on September 18 or later, however, it will reach. It
cannot go on this way because assassins cannot be in freedom for long.

After all, apart from social problems there are also questions
on human self-esteem. All of us have to struggle, you with your
journalism, artists with the help of their art, to reach uncontrollable
intolerance.

Are problems of the state and the government the same?

State and public questions are the same when the society participates
in them too. In our case, they are not, because the society
participates in almost nothing. The society is just a taxpayer and
our state recalls a medieval social system. We have a state today,
but it serves for a certain range.

What kind of government would you like for our country?

I would like it to be a servant, in other words, the mayor served
the city, the head of a village- the village and the president-the
interests of the society. But our president rather presets the
interests of external forces than those of its state and society. We
come out not to participate not only in the formation of government
of our country but also in its relations with the external world.

During these years, the Armenian society has been knocked out three
times. First: Robert Kocharyan’s arrival, second-October 27, third-
National Assembly full of oligarchs which is Robert Kocharyan’s
project. Let us remember what happened in Martinique isle when
the law on equality was adopted, the white planters asked for
English protectorate and told them that when the point is about the
preservation of their capital, the word "France" becomes an empty
sound. And if in case of France they lost some far colony in the
Atlantic Ocean, our "white planters" are in the National Assembly for
whom the word "Armenia" is just a sound. Now a situation is created
where there is a question of preserving the capital. And they proved
that they may remove "Ararat" from the national emblem of Armenia
because the Turkish president demanded in case Levon Ter-Petrosyan was
accused of being pro-Turkish when he was saying that the borders have
to be open, in case Zaruhi Postanjyan was presented as a betrayer
because of her behavior as a real political figure. I think they
would judge Postanjyan by the rules of inquisition if they could. In
other words, our rich men (I call our government rich men) are like
children who may change their mind every five minutes.

In your opinion, how can the public return its right to form
government?

By political education. The thing Levon Ter-Petrosyan is doing
during rallies, what the HAK and the whole oppositional movement is
doing. Everyone should understand that these rich men are not expedient
for them. You remember, for being included in the Republican ticket
for Mayor, one of them killed the other and was let free. This was a
bright example for their own party to understand that this situation
is dangerous for them too. I think everyone should start struggling
everywhere.

Is the society aware of governmental decisions? And does it participate
in taking them?

It is aware. But the society is having a phase of despair. Many
think that Levon Ter-Petrosyan failed so there will be no change of
government and there nothing may be done against these people because
in order to preserve their capital they will even use arms.

But freedom is not easy and it has never been easy to struggle for
it. HAK has chosen its own way of struggle-the constitutional one. It
is possible to win because Armenia faces a situation of being or not
being and everyone will join the oppositional field little by little.

In fact, the meaning of our struggle against foreign leaders was that
now we have them inside our country today. In other words, we do not
struggle for freedom but for nationalities. In this case the question
occurs, what the difference between a home and foreign slaver is.

Does the Armenian government correspond to the challenges and problems
present in Armenia and in the world?

The only thing I can say for sure is that the Armenian government
serves the world very well. It is phenomenal; it satisfies Russia as
well as the West and now also Turkey. Perhaps only Azerbaijan is not
satisfied with Armenia, but I think very soon Armenia will manage to
satisfy it too. For me as a citizen a lot is unknown and unexplained,
because the television serves the very rich men. We did not understand
the necessity to sign that document on April 23.

In your opinion, will everything be idealistic will all the questions
be solved if the HAK comes to power?

The term idealistic does not work in politics, but nevertheless there
is Levon Ter-Petrosyan, whom I have been following since 2007, and
he controls everything. I believe Levon Ter-Petrosyan’s actions and
I believe he will be able to set up a system. Once he stated that 3
years are needed to form a new system. He has been proving with his
steps that he is able to do it, and if he fails a new oppositional
movement, a new struggle will start.

http://www.lragir.am/src/index.php?id=lrahos

ANKARA: Armenian Public Remains Divided On Relations With Turkey

ARMENIAN PUBLIC REMAINS DIVIDED ON RELATIONS WITH TURKEY

Today’s Zaman
Sept 2 2009
Turkey

While the government and its close circles seek to further normalize
relations with Turkey, Armenian opposition groups are distancing
themselves from the normalization of Turkish-Armenian relations,
claiming that Armenia will lose its dignity and position.

Speaking to Today’s Zaman, Alexander Iskandarian, director of the
Yerevan-based Caucasus Institute, said Turkish-Armenian rapprochement
should be evaluated at different levels of society. "Armenian
government and pro-government forces," Iskandarian noted, "are very
much supportive of the initiative. They believe this is a huge step
forward in Armenian foreign policy." Talking about the opposition,
Iskandarian was pessimistic, saying he does not expect it to lend its
hand to bolster the initiative with Turkey. "The Armenian opposition is
against relations between the two countries — its sole reason being
that they are in the opposition and need to criticize." Speculating
about views held by the Armenian public, the Armenian expert said
it is too early to say how the Armenian public will see the latest
initiative.

Speaking to a local TV station in Armenia on Monday, Artyom Yerkanian,
an Armenian political expert, suggested that the agreement to establish
ties could be signed at an October soccer match between the two
countries to be held in Turkey. Turkish President Abdullah Gul visited
Armenia in September 2008 to attend a soccer match between Turkey
and Armenia, a move that has since been dubbed "soccer diplomacy."

Armenian political expert and Caucasus Institute Deputy Director
Sergey Minasyan spoke with the Azerbaijani Internet news portal Day.Az
on protocols and bilateral relations between the two countries. The
Armenian expert said, "Protocols made public by Armenia and Turkey
first of all point to a new stage in the process of normalization
of Armenian-Turkish relations and the willingness of the parties to
continue the process, regardless of the complexity of the regional
context."

Richard Giragosian, head of the Armenian Center for National and
International Studies (ACNIS), said, "Clearly, the recent increased
diplomatic and political activity over the new Turkish-Armenian
‘protocols’ have brought a new sense of expectations and pressure
on all sides." Stressing the importance of the agreement, Giragosian
warned, "But for Armenia, there is an added pressure from the Armenian
diaspora, which is now very concerned over any agreement on normalizing
relations with Turkey." Noting that while the events of 1915 and the
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict have always been a significant national
issue for Armenians worldwide, there is also a new domestic political
context, as the current Armenian government is under new pressure
to ensure and protect the national interests and security of both
Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. In this way, this recent announcement
will also pose a test for the Armenian leadership, as Armenians
throughout the world will be closely watching and carefully listening
to every gesture and each word in the weeks ahead."

Pointing out that the biggest danger is likely to come from the
opposition to halt the ongoing process, Giragosian said, "At the
same time, the current Armenian government remains under constant
attack by the country’s opposition, thereby raising the stakes and
increasing expectations as well as exacerbating the pressure already
being exerted on Yerevan."

Kiro Manoyan, a member of the Armenian opposition Dashnaktsutyun party,
said the latest initiative to normalize Armenian-Turkish relations is
just a Turkish ruse to keep Armenia in the game. "Signed documents are
not guarantees for the real establishment of diplomatic relations,"
Manoyan told the Armenian press.

Turkey And Armenia To Establish Diplomatic Ties

TURKEY AND ARMENIA TO ESTABLISH DIPLOMATIC TIES

AlArabiya.net
August 30, 2009 Sunday
UAE

Armenia and Turkey have agreed to begin "internal political
consultations" on establishing diplomatic relations within six weeks,
the two countries’ foreign ministries said Monday, after almost a
century of hostility.

"The political consultations will be completed within six weeks,
following which the two Protocols will be signed and submitted to
the respective Parliaments for the ratification on each side," the
foreign ministries of Turkey and Armenia, and mediator Switzerland,
said in a joint statement. The landmark agreement would provide
for the normalization of ties "within a reasonable timeframe", said
the statement.

"The normalization of bilateral relations will contribute to regional
peace and stability," it added.

Armenia and Turkey said in April that they had agreed to a road map
for normalizing diplomatic ties after years of enmity.

Turkey has long refused to establish diplomatic links with Armenia
over Yerevan’s efforts to have World War I-era massacres of Armenians
by Ottoman Turks recognized as genocide — a label Turkey strongly
rejects.

Turkey also closed its border with Armenia in 1993 in solidarity with
ally Azerbaijan over Yerevan’s backing of ethnic Armenian separatists
in the breakaway Nagorny Karabakh region.

Two Arab novelists on the frontline in English

Saudi Gazette, Saudi Arabia
Aug 31 2009

Two Arab novelists on the frontline in English

By Susannah Tarbush

Among the Arab writers who have had novels published in the UK in
English translation this year, two names in particular stand out:
Bahaa Taher of Egypt and Elias Khoury of Lebanon. Both are major
literary figures in the Arab world, and thanks to the magic of
translation, they are becoming increasingly known to the
English-reading public.

The English version of Taher’s novel `Sunset Oasis’, published by the
Hodder & Stoughton imprint Sceptre, hits UK bookstores this week. The
Arabic original was in 2008 the first-ever winner of the $60,000
International Prize for Arabic Fiction (IPAF), so the publication of
the English translation has been eagerly awaited.

Khoury’s novel `Yalo’ was published in English translation in June by
the MacLehose Press imprint of London publisher Quercus and has
already garnered some highly favorable reviews.

Like `Sunset Oasis’, `Yalo’ was translated by Humphrey Davies, one of
the most eminent translators of Arabic literature. Davies’s
translation of an earlier Khoury novel, `Gate of the Sun’, won the
inaugural Banipal Prize for Arabic Literary Translation in 2006. (This
is not the first English translation of `Yalo’. Last year Archipelago
Books of New York published a translation by Peter Theroux which was
shortlisted for the Best Translated Book 2008 Award.)

Taher and Khoury were in London last Thursday evening en route to the
Scottish capital, Edinburgh, to participate in a session of the
Edinburgh International Book Festival. Aficionados of Arab literature
had the chance to meet them when they appeared at the Frontline Club,
West London, in an event billed as `an Edinburgh taster’. They
discussed their work with the prominent cultural journalist Maya Jaggi
of the Guardian newspaper before the floor was thrown open for
questions.

The writers spoke eloquently, and with a generous sprinkling of humor,
about their own work and on wider issues of Arab literature and
politics. The subjects ranged from narrative techniques, to portrayals
of victim and victimizer, women in novels, Arab prison literature and
torture methods, and the impact of invasion and occupation on fiction
writing.

Taher, born in 1935, is the author of six novels and five short story
collections. `Sunset Oasis’ is the fourth of his novels to be
translated into English.

The novel is set in late 19th century Egypt under British colonial
rule, and depicts Police officer Mahmoud Abd El-Zahir, who is sent to
the rebellious Berber-speaking oasis town of Siwa in the remote west
of Egypt as district commissioner and tax collector. His posting is a
punishment for his having sympathized with the Urabi revolt, the
failed nationalist uprising that led to the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian war
and to British colonial rule. Two of Mahmoud’s predecessors in the
Siwa posting have been murdered.

Mahmoud’s wife Catherine insists on accompanying him on the hazardous
journey to the oasis. She is determined to try to salvage her shaky
marriage and to find the tomb of Alexander the Great. Things turn out
disastrously, and the novel culminates in a spectacular act of
destruction by Mahmoud, who is based on a real-life character.

Khoury, 61, is the author of 12 novels, six of which have appeared in
English translation. He is particularly known for his 1998 novel `Gate
of the Sun’, an epic narrative of the Palestinian 1948 naqba
(catastrophe). Possessor of a doctorate from the Sorbonne in Paris, he
is editor in chief of the cultural supplement of the daily newspaper
An-Nahar and Global Distinguished Professor of Middle Eastern and
Islamic Studies at New York University.

`Yalo’ is set in the early 1990s in a prison outside Beirut. The
protagonist Yalo is repeatedly tortured, interrogated and forced to
write accounts of his life. He relates how he joined a barracks during
the civil war, deserted to Paris, was picked by a Lebanese arms dealer
to become a security guard, had an affair with his boss’s wife and
became a robber, voyeur and rapist. He falls in love with one of his
victims, who denounces him and precipitates his arrest.

Khoury said that forcing a prisoner to write his life story `is a
bizarre technique, but it is, unfortunately, used in Arab prisons.’
The technique is designed to destroy the psyche of the prisoner at the
hands of his torturers.

Yalo is both a victim and a victimizer. He is `an outcome of the civil
war, and fought with the fascists. He is pushed through torture to
confess things he didn’t do, and discovers that through the writing
which is destroying him he can reconstruct his personality.’

He is of Assyrian background and Khoury links his story in modern
Lebanon with the thread of blood stretching from the massacres of
Assyrians, along with Armenians, in Turkey in 1915.

Taher said the idea of victim and victimizer is also reflected in the
themes of `Sunset Oasis’, whether in relation to Mahmoud, or to
Alexander the Great who `while victimizing others was at the same time
defeating himself.’ Khoury remarked his generation of writers is
indebted to people like Taher who brought about a new wave in Arab
literature. The 1960s generation in Egypt was important in `liberating
fiction from imitating the naturalistic and realistic European novel’.

Taher expressed some caution over experimentation. He has read `Yalo’
twice and discovered that it has `a form of its own; you cannot
categorize it’. He warned that this kind of development `in the hands
of a novelist less experienced than Elias Khoury or others of his
generation is very dangerous, because a writer would not know where to
stop.’

`I find that in our modern literature there are some writers who are
writing experimental things just for the sake of experiment ` not
because they have really something new to add, or because they believe
that they should modernize Arabic literature, but just because they
want to be unusual and do not want to be conventional writers, And in
cases where the writer is not very experienced or very talented this
could be a very dangerous development in the history of the novel,’ he
concluded. – SG

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http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?metho

lending rates to start dropping in Armenia in next months

Ministry of finance: lending rates to start dropping in Armenia in next
months

YEREVAN, August 28. /ARKA/. Lending rates are to start going down in
Armenia in the next months, Armenian Minister of Finance Tigran Davtyan
told a press conference in Novosti international press center.

Davtyan pointed out that interest rates are still high in the Armenian
lending market today due to real risks under the crisis.

But the dynamics started changing, and the vast amount of money
invested by the government in the economy and in the banking system in
particular will allow increasing the offer, Davtyan said.

Hundred millions of dollars will help start reducing loan rates and
make credits affordable to small and medium enterprises, he said. The
process has started but slower than expected, he added.

The current rates hardly promote economic development.

Davtyan stressed the importance of expectations that need to be guided
to a positive course for achieving a rate reduction and for developing
the mortgage market.

According to him, mortgage fund to be created is also to promote
development of the mortgage market. Substantial amounts are to be
allocated to this fund, the Minister said. This will help the banking
system gain `inner’ peace and start active lending process.`0—