Amb. Evans Being Assured That Robert Kocharian Is Unlikly To BeElect

AMB. EVANS BEING ASSURED THAT ROBERT KOCHARIAN IS UNLIKELY TO BE ELECTED FOR THIRD TIME

AZG Armenian Daily #158
06/09/2005

John Evans, U.S. Ambassador to Armenia, who was present at
the presentation of “Organization of Security and Cooperation
in Europe. Last Stage” book didn’t comment on the issue of the
constitutional reforms. He only advised the journalists to look
through the interview he gave to radio Liberty the day before.

Mr. Ambassador said that the United States do not consider the shift
of administration as a necessary precondition for democratization of
Armenia and they will spare no efforts to secure independent and just
presidential and parliamentary elections in Armenia in the future. He
reassured that the U.S. will assist the package of constitutional
rights. Mr. Evans said that there is an opportunity to carry out the
relevant amendments in Armenia, at present.

The U.S. Embassy to Armenia called the package of constitutional
amendments as “a extremely important procedure” in the “A Time for
Responsibility” publication. “The U. S. supports the forces that
actively participate in the current process of constitutional reforms
in Armenia,” Mr. Evans said. He added that his country calls for
all the parties to conduct a constructive and responsible dialogue
around that issue. “The rules for a political game are defined by
the constitution in each country and each political party should be
responsible for definition of those rights,” the article says.

“We don’t try to dictate the Armenian electors how to vote. The
only thing we want to say is that it’s a very important issue and
deserves the attention of the electors and responsible discussions
at RA National Assembly,” Mr. Evans emphasized in his interview to
“Liberty.” Mr. Evans doesn’t share the concern of the Armenian
opposition that think the constitutional rights will help Robert
Kocharian to pretend for presidents’ position for the third time.

“Several very competent people assured me that it is no realistic
prospect,” the Ambassador said.

In response to the issue what will happen in case of violations in
the referendum in November, Mr. Evans said that the cases of violation
in this very corner of the world may cause this or that very serious
complications, particularly, the clashes in the streets. “We witnessed
such cases in some of the countries. Such lessons should be clear not
only to Armenia but also to all the countries of this region. The
people are expecting fair and independent elections, the U.S. also
wants to see that, too,” Mr. Evans said.

OSCE Chair Voices Optimism About Nagorno-Karabakh Settlement

OSCE CHAIR VOICES OPTIMISM ABOUT NAGORNO-KARABAKH SETTLEMENT

The Associated Press
09/05/05 15:19 EDT

YEREVAN, Armenia (AP) – The chairman of the Organization for Security
and Cooperation in Europe met Monday with the leader of the disputed
Nagorno-Karabakh enclave, voicing optimism about settling the
long-simmering conflict.

OSCE chair Dimitrij Rupel said after meeting in the Armenian capital
Yerevan with Nagorno-Karabakh leader Arkady Gukasian that “there is
a solid format for debate.”

“There is a window of opportunity for the continuation of
negotiations,” Rupel said. “I don’t see any contradiction between
territorial integrity of a country and self-determination of the
nations.”

Tension between Armenia and Azerbaijan remains high more than
a decade after a 1994 cease-fire ended a six-year war that left
Nagorno-Karabakh, a mostly ethnic Armenian enclave within Azerbaijan,
in Armenian hands. Some 30,000 people were killed and a million
displaced, and the lack of resolution of the enclave’s status has
impeded economic development in the region.

An array of issues being negotiated in ongoing talks between the
neighboring countries with international mediation include the return
of refugees and the restoration of roads and other contacts.

“I positively assess contacts between the presidents of Armenia and
Azerbaijan, however, I’d like to stress once again that the problem
of Nagorno-Karabakh can’t be solved without its participation in the
talks,” Gukasian said Monday.

He shrugged off Azerbaijani offers of a wide autonomy, saying
Nagorno-Karabakh wouldn’t surrender its independence.

Edgar Manoucharyan Injured Again

EDGAR MANOUCHARYAN INJURED AGAIN

A1+

| 15:03:01 | 05-09-2005 | Sports |

The 18-year-old player of the Armenian National team and “Ajax” Edgar
Manoucharyan was injured at the very beginning of the match with the
Holland national team, as a result of which he left the game.

The trauma turned out to be a serious one. According to the doctors,
Edgar will be able to play again in a month only.

Azerbaijan’s unwillingness to negotiate with NKR challenge tosettlem

AZERBAIJAN’S UNWILLINGNESS TO NEGOTIATE WITH NKR CHALLENGE TO
CIVILIZED SETTLEMENT OF NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT: ARKADY GHUKASYAN

ARKA News Agency, Armenia
Sept 2 2005

YEREVAN, September 2. /ARKA/. Azerbaijan’s persistent unwillingness
to negotiate with the Nagorno-Karabakh side is a serious challenge to
a civilized settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh problem on the basis
of reasonable compromises, says a message of NKR President Arkady
Ghukasyan on the occasion of the 14th anniversary of the proclamation
of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR).

According to him, official Baku is doing all in its power to conceal
the NKR’s progress in building up a rule-of-law democratic state
from the Azerbaijani people by not allowing Azerbaijan’s citizens to
isit the NKR and communicate with the country’s people. “However,
this behaviour has no prospects, as it is more and more alienates
the two peoples from each pother thus postponing a comprehensive and
mutually acceptable settlement of the conflict,” President Ghukasyan’s
amessage says.

According to him, the unsettled conflict remains a factor posing a
threat of new destabilization of the situation in the region. The
NKR leader stressed the NKR’s commitment to a peaceful settlement
of the conflict with Azerbaijan. “Meanwhile, our people can be sure
that nobody can deprive us of our independence, which was gained at
the cost of irreparable losses. The NKR Defense Army is able to give
an effective rebuff to all those who will dare to encroach on our
Homeland. It has all necessary means for that,” Ghukasyan said.

However, the NKR has no right to be contented with what has been
achieved, as “by only presenting the passed way as heroism, without
clear plans for tomorrow, we can lose what we have achieved, which our
posterity will never forgive.” “We have to strengthen the country’s
defense capacity, speed up the development of the economic, social and
cultural sectors, completely employ the intellectual and spiritual
potential, industriousness and professionalism, multiply Artsakh’s
cultural heritage,” the NKR President’s message says.

According to him, such development is impossible without further
democratization of the NKR’s socio-political life, building up
of civil society. “This holiday each of us must fully realize
his responsibility for Artsakh’s future. Of course, we still have
many problems to solve. But we can overcome all the difficulties
only by combined efforts, conscientious labor, mutual confidence
and consideration of each Artsakh citizen’s needs and wants,” NKR
President Arkady Ghukasyan said in his message. P.T. -0–

ANCA Tours with System of a Down

Armenian National Committee of America
888 17th St., NW, Suite 904
Washington, DC 20006
Tel: (202) 775-1918
Fax: (202) 775-5648
E-mail: [email protected]
Internet:

PRESS RELEASE

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
September 1, 2005
Contact: Elizabeth S. Chouldjian
Tel: (202) 775-1918

ANCA TOURS WITH SYSTEM OF A DOWN

— Joins Amnesty International and Axis of Justice
in Educating System Fans during North American Tour

WASHINGTON, DC – Cutting-edge, multi-platinum band System of a Down
continues to deliver its message of justice for the Armenian Genocide,
educating fans at its Summer 2005 concert series about this crime
against humanity, and urging them to work for the adoption of the
Armenian Genocide Resolution, reported the Armenian National Committee
of America (ANCA).

The ANCA, at the invitation of the band, has worked alongside Amnesty
International and Axis of Justice at activist tables at concerts to
distribute educational materials, secure signatures on petitions,
field questions, and promote discussion about the Turkish government’s
ongoing denial of the Armenian Genocide. The ANCA, in coordination
with its regional offices and with the help of the Armenian Youth
Federation (AYF), has already worked shows in Long Beach, CA; San
Diego, CA; Phoenix, AZ; Dallas, TX; San Antonio, TX; Houston, TX;
Pensacola, FL; Miami, FL; Atlanta, GA; Hampton, VA; Baltimore, MD;
East Rutherford, NJ; and Philadelphia, PA.

In May of this year, Mezmerize, the first half of the band’s two-
part album Mezmerize/Hypnotize, debuted as the number-one selling
CD in the United States. On April 24th of this year, System held
a sold-out “Souls” benefit concert for the ANCA and other groups
working to prevent genocide and counter genocide denial. The band has
sold nearly 10 million CDs worldwide. A Google search for “System of
a Down” returns over 1.6 million hits.

“We are tremendously encouraged by the overwhelming response to
System’s creative and powerful outreach to their growing fan-base,”
said ANCA Executive Director Aram Hamparian. “The band has educated
literally millions about the Armenian Genocide, increasing awareness
of this crime and helping generate the political will we will need
to defeat Turkey’s campaign to deny justice to the Armenian people.”

Among the media outlets that have discussed the Armenian Genocide
and/or the band’s Armenian heritage during their coverage of this
tour are the New York Daily News, Newsday, Boston Globe, Boston
Herald, Philadelphia Inquirer, Bergen Record, Miami Herald, Orange
County Register, San Diego Union-Tribune, Palm Beach Post, Newark
Star-Ledger, San Bernardino Sun, Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Atlanta
Journal Constitution, and Rolling Stone.

For information about System of a Down, including a full listing of
their remaining tour dates, visit:

#####

http://www.systemofadown.com
www.anca.org

Russia Ready To Consider EU Proposals On “Frozen” CIS Conflicts

RUSSIA READY TO CONSIDER EU PROPOSALS ON “FROZEN” CIS CONFLICTS

RIA Novosti, Russia
Aug 31 2005

MOSCOW, August 31 (RIA Novosti) – Russia is ready to consider any
proposals the European Union may have on “frozen conflicts” in the
Commonwealth of Independent States, a senior diplomat said Wednesday.

Vladimir Chizhov, Russia’s permanent representative to Europe,
told a news conference that the EU was ready to discuss and help
resolve two regional conflicts in Georgia, the stand-off between
the self-proclaimed republic of Transdnestr and Moldova, and the
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan.

“We are ready to consider any proposals be they in the political
or material sense,” Chizhov said, stressing that this idea did not
affect the format of talks on resolving the conflicts.

“All conflicts have their own formats for talks,” the Russian
representative said. “Maybe they are not ideal, but they are the best
achieved through the sufferings of the parties to these conflicts.

These are the only formats that are acceptable to all countries today.”

Chizhov said the EU should assist conflict resolution within the
framework of these formats and not through “shattering” them. He added
this position had been officially registered in a joint Russia-EU
statement adopted in 2003 in Rome.

Running their way around the world: Marathoners see the world

The Calgary Herald (Alberta)
August 27, 2005 Saturday
Final Edition

Running their way around the world: Marathoners see the world, stay
in shape

Dianne Rinehart, For CanWest News Service

On June 18, Jean Marmoreo and her husband Bob Ramsay found themselves
running in a marathon, one of many half-marathons and marathons they
jump at the chance to do each year.

But this one — held under the midnight sun on the summer solstice in
Tromso, Norway, at latitude 70, 100 kilometres north of the Arctic
Circle — was dramatically different from the rest.

“That was definitely the most exotic one I’ve done,” says Marmoreo, a
62-year-old physician and veteran of 12 marathons and seven
half-marathons in destinations including New York City, Washington,
D.C., Santa Monica, Calif., San Antonio, Texas, and Chicago.

“The only place I haven’t run a marathon is in Toronto,” Marmoreo
says with a laugh about her home city (although she has run
half-marathons here).

For Marmoreo and Ramsay, and hundreds of thousands of others around
the world, the increasingly popular sport of marathoning is
definitely about the destination.

Marmoreo and Ramsay first started running marathons annually in New
York City in 1994, running three consecutively.

“There was such a social experience there, we thought nowhere else on
earth could be like this,” she says.

That’s when they got the “new” destination bug.

They followed that up with San Antonio. Then in 2001, they ended up
doing their first Marine Corps Marathon in Washington, D.C., at the
end of October, only about six weeks after 9/11.

Running with marines past the rubble at the Pentagon was such a
moving experience they invited a few of their friends to train with
them that winter and join them the following fall. Eighty-five did,
and Jean’s Marines was, well, up and running!

And they haven’t stopped.

What has grown from a group of friends getting together to train with
Marmoreo and Ramsay in 2002 has now become a pack of more than 500
women training each year under the Jean’s Marines banner, with
alumnae starting their own mini-pack destination marathon runs, that
have included Venice, Medoc, France, Ottawa, Niagara Falls and the
uphill

giant of them all, Jungfrau, Switzerland, run by Jean’s Marine
alumnus Arax Acemyan.

Before the 2002 Marine Corps Marathon, Acemyan was a 50-plus,
cigarette smoking, self-described couch potato. But when she decided
to train for the Marine Corps Marathon, she tossed the cigarettes —
for good.

Then after finding out her ex-husband, whom she hadn’t seen in 10
years, was also training in Europe for a marathon in Jungfrau in
September, she decided to squeeze that one in before her Washington
training goal.

The running course is gruelling. Bad enough a marathon is 42 K, but
this course additionally climbs a 2,000 metre-finish line over the
route. Despite the fact it took her almost seven hours to complete —
“but I got my medal” — and might have caused lesser women to give up
on the sport, Acemyan followed it up four weeks later with the Marine
Corps in Washington in just over five hours, and hasn’t looked back.

Last year, she ran Medoc and this year she will do Chicago.

“I love to travel,” says Acemyan, who is of Armenian descent and
originally from Istanbul. “And (marathons) are a goal for me to keep
in shape. If I didn’t have a goal, I wouldn’t train.”

But the vacations aren’t solely about running. Marmoreo and Ramsay,
and two other Jean’s Marines-in-training, combined the Tromso run
with a spectacular vacation of sea kayaking, hiking and ocean
cruising.

And when Acemyan went to Venice, she and four other girlfriend
running-mates stayed in the romantic city for nine days in an old
palace that had been converted to a bed and breakfast. “We did five
trips, ran the marathon, and ate and drank,” Acemyan remembers
fondly.

When she ran the Medoc Marathon, where all 6,000 entrants dress up in
costumes, then race from chateau to chateau, tasting wine, slurping
oysters and munching on cheeses en route, she spent two weeks away,
travelling with her group of running pals for a week to St. Emillion
before the marathon, and then on her own to Nice for another five
days after it.

Fellow Jean’s Marine alumna Darlene Roth, 50, a nurse who has also
run the More half-marathon, says for her, the marathon and the
running are the “icing on the cake.”

The real goal is the destination travelling with her girlfriends. She
and her fellow travelling companions turned the More half into a
shopping and spa trip.

“We’re a bunch of wild women,” she says of the bonding that takes
place during training for each trip. “We just have a lot of fun.”
Even training runs turn into a bit of travel adventure, she says,
with teammates picking a “really nice restaurant” each week to run
to. “Any pound you lose (training) you gain back!”

Mila Luka, 38, a product manager with Bank of Montreal and mother of
two youngsters, was one of Acemyan’s four running-mates along for the
Venice marathon. She found the marathon itself — especially because
she had flight problems getting there — not exactly “ideal.”

“But oh, but the food and the drinking!” she remembers of the group’s
routine to meet each night in a little bar for cocktails. “It was a
fabulous trip, fabulous food, fabulous wine and fabulous company.”

Luka combined the beauty of her trip to Venice with a trip to Trieste
to visit an aunt, who then accompanied her and her husband Chris to
Rijeka, Croatia, formerly Fiume, Italy, where her mother grew up.

It was her first trip to Italy.

Running in other countries “is a fabulous way to see a destination,”
she says. The Marine Corps Marathon’s Washington route — which she
ran twice — “was phenomenal. Anything you ever wanted to see in
Washington was on that route.”

And Luka has set her sights on another destination marathon: Big Sur
in California, known for it’s tough up-and-downhill course along the
majestic Pacific coast.

Need to know

For a complete inspiring list, check out the International Marathons
Races Directory and Schedule at

Dianne Rinehart, a Toronto-based freelance writer, ran the first
Jean’s Marine Marine Corps Marathon in Washington, D.C., in 2002 and
has run three Vancouver Sun 10K runs and several Toronto 10Ks.

GRAPHIC:
Colour Photo: CanWest News Service; Destination marathoner Arax
Acemyan, in black, is a former self-confessed couch potato.;
Photo: Calgary Herald Archive; The Jungfrau Marathon is a steep price
to pay for runners.

http://www.marathonguide.com

Armenians of Turkey (part 4/7B) – A Sunday at Vakiflar, Musa Dagh

La Croix , France
25 août 2005

Un été dans La Croix.
Les arméniens de turquie (4/7).

Dossier: Un dimanche à Vakiflar, au pied du Musa Dagh. Les chrétiens
syriaques s’accrochent au Tur Abdin. Dans l’extrême sud-est de la
Turquie, les catholiques arméniens sont presque tous partis, alors
que les syriaques font revivre leurs monastères. MARDIN, reportage de
notre envoyé spécial.

par PLOQUIN Jean-Christophe

Ils sont cinq ou six enfants précieux, beaux, rares. Ils rient,
chahutent, proposent du thé, des gteaux secs. Ils vont à l’école
publique turque et, le soir, à la maison, ils apprennent l’anglais
avec des cédéroms sur l’ordinateur familial. En cette fin
d’après-midi à Mardin, ville enracinée dans l’histoire et les
légendes des premiers chrétiens, en surplomb de la plaine
mésopotamienne qui disparaît au sud, une petite collation est offerte
à un groupe de touristes venu célébrer une messe à l’église
catholique arménienne Saint-Joseph. Sur le parvis protégé du soleil
par de hauts murs, les adultes font le décompte de leurs communautés
chrétiennes.

Il y a aujourd’hui 260 chrétiens de toutes confessions à Mardin,
ville d’environ 60 000 habitants. Les plus nombreux sont les
syriens-orthodoxes, une Église dont la langue liturgique est
l’araméen, la langue du Christ. Ils sont 150 tandis que les
arméniens-catholiques sont 60, les syriens-catholiques “plus de 45”
et les chaldéens “plus de 20”. Il y a quatre-vingt-dix ans, avant les
massacres, Mardin était une ville majoritairement chrétienne, avec
une très forte présence arménienne-catholique.

Réduits à quelques-uns, les chrétiens de Mardin se serrent plus ou
moins les coudes. Selon les paroissiens de Saint-Joseph, huit églises
de diverses confessions sont ouvertes dans la ville. Il y a une messe
par mois, avec parfois une rotation en fonction du rite.

C’est l’Église syriaque qui exerce aujourd’hui une influence
prédominante dans les environs, notamment en allant vers l’est, dans
la région de Tur Abdin, “la montagne des serviteurs de Dieu”. À six
kilomètres de Mardin, dans un vallon planté d’oliviers et de
pistachiers, se dresse le monastère de Deir-Al-Zafaran. Le couvent
joue un rôle éducatif important. Tanya, une jeune femme qui fait
visiter l’église de la Vierge-Marie à Diyarbakir, 150 kilomètres plus
au nord, a ainsi suivi pendant deux ans une formation à l’araméen à
Deir-Al-Zafaran. Elle logeait à Mardin mais venait chaque jour au
couvent.

Encore plus à l’est, à plus d’une heure et demie de route de Mardin,
le monastère de Mar Gabriel (Saint-Gabriel) est devenu le noyau du
réveil de l’Église syriaque. Mgr Samuel Atkas y fait souffler un vent
nouveau. Évêque de la ville voisine de Mydiat, il veille à la vie
spirituelle du couvent. Celui-ci abrite environ 70 personnes, dont
deux moines, 14 moniales, deux professeurs de syriaque et une
trentaine d’étudiants du monde entier qui viennent apprendre la
langue, les rites, la culture d’une Église dont les racines plongent
profondément dans l’Antiquité. “En Europe ou en Amérique du Nord, les
nôtres sont libres mais ils n’ont pas la tradition”, résume un prêtre
du voisinage. Le monastère a été restauré ces dernières années grce
à des financements provenant de la communauté.

La vie reste toutefois difficile pour les chrétiens du Tur Abdin.
Certains de leurs villages ont été pris entre deux feux lors du
conflit entre la guérilla kurde du PKK et l’armée turque, dans les
années 1980 et 1990. Les chrétiens ont été obligés de partir et leurs
maisons ont parfois été occupées par des Kurdes, eux-mêmes réfugiés.
“Je suis récemment retourné dans mon village, Aynvardo, avec le
consul de Suède, raconte l’un d’eux. Les musulmans sont là depuis
vingt ans et ils construisent. Ils ne veulent pas partir. Ils sont
violents. Pour eux, tuer n’est pas un problème. Il y avait 300
maisons appartenant à des syriaques. Aucun de nous n’a vendu.”

Les chrétiens syriaques s’accrochent et leur présence rassure les
quelques Arméniens encore présents dans la région. À Diyarbakir,
c’est à l’ombre de l’église syriaque de la Vierge Marie que trois
septuagénaires arméniens passent leurs vieux jours.

J.-C. P.

Bibliographie

Pour en savoir plus: Les Derniers Araméens, de Sébastien de Courtois,
photographies de Douchan Novakovic, La Table ronde, 160 p., 35 Euro.
L’ouvrage permet de plonger dans la vie des communautés et des
monastères syriaques de la région de Tur Abdin. Historien,
spécialiste de l’Orient, Sébastien de Courtois est par ailleurs
l’auteur de la principale étude sur le monde syriaque au tournant du
XXe siècle, intitulée: Le Génocide oublié.

Putin May Participate in Meeting of Armenian-Azerbaijani Leaders

RUSSIAN PRESIDENT MAY PARTICIPATE IN MEETING OF ARMENIAN-AZERBAIJANI
LEADERS IN KAZAN

YEREVAN, AUGUST 25. ARMINFO. President of Russia Vladimir Putin may
participate in the meeting of Armenian and Azerbaijani Presidents on
settlement of Karabakh conflict expected on August 27 in Kazan.
Charge d’Affairs ad interim of Russian Federation in Azerbaijan Pyotr
Burdikin made this statement in an exclusive interview to Trend.

He says that such a meeting is possible only in case of an agreement
of Azerbaijani and Armenian Presidents, Ilham Aliyev and Robert
Kocharyan. The diplomat says that the three presidents have already
met in such format in the course of the negotiations for settlement
of Karabakh conflict. He pointed out that “that time it gave an
impetus to the settlement process.”

Budding Rock Stars Fail to Strike Chord w/Islamic officials in Iran

South China Morning Post
August 24, 2005

Budding rock stars fail to strike a chord with Islamic officials

Robert Tait in Tehran

The soaring guitar solos and haunting keyboard melodies bear the
unmistakable influence of Pink Floyd, Yes, Deep Purple and other
icons of 1970s rock. But while they may have emulated their heroes’
musical virtuosity, the Norik Misakian Band is unlikely to follow
them on the path to world fame and fortune.

As one of hundreds of Iranian rock acts springing up in the face of
official disapproval, the group has never been allowed to play a live
gig. And far from coveting the hedonistic lifestyles that are the
hallmarks of western rock stars, its four members have all but given
up hope of earning a living from their music.

Now they are trying to breach the cultural and bureaucratic barriers
separating them from a mass audience by seeking permission to release
their first album.

They are doing so in the face of deep mistrust from Iran’s Islamic
authorities, who regard rock music as a symbol of western decadence
and political protest .

“We are swimming against the tide and we anticipate that it might be
impossible,” said Misakian, 34, the band’s lead guitarist and song
writer.

“There are so many problems in trying to gain permission to release
music and very often the band gives up. But we won’t give up.”

The ministry of culture and Islamic guidance has already rejected the
10-track instrumental album – carrying the English title Trails of
the Soul – saying rock music is influenced by drugs.

Undaunted, the group has reapplied for permission in what will be a
crucial test of the cultural climate under Iran’s ultraconservative
new president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. They are trying to persuade
authorities that their aims are musical, not political.

One track, Genocide, is an ode to the murder of more than 1 million
ethnic Armenians by Turkey during the first world war. Three of the
band’s members are of Armenian descent.

If it is approved, the band intends to distribute the album in
Europe, the US and Persian Gulf states, as well as to outlets in
Iran.

Without approval, they will never be allowed to perform before a live
audience. Only artists that have been allowed to release CDs can seek
permission to perform live.

“It’s impossible to make a living from rock music in Iran,” said
Edvin Markarien, 30, the band’s bass player. “You don’t play to get
rich. You can’t play for the joy of playing live. In the end, you are
just playing for yourself. It’s art for art’s sake.”

His sentiments reflect the plight of dozens of rock acts across Iran.
Some have overcome the obstacles by setting up websites to distribute
their songs. Others organise secret concerts in makeshift venues,
risking a lashing if caught.

The restrictions, however, do not appear to have acted as a
deterrent. A contest organised by an unofficial cultural website,
Tehran Avenue, to find the most promising new Iranian music acts, has
attracted 86 entrants, more than 80 per cent of which are rock bands.