‘LITTLE ARMENIA’
By Kathleen Moore
The Globe
April 1, 2010
Watertown’s Hood Rubber Co. was hub of ethnic neighborhood a century
ago, film recalls
It was demolished more than 40 years ago, but Watertown’s Hood Rubber
Co. never really disappeared from Areka Der Kazarian’s memories. At
98, she still smiles when someone mentions the once-bustling factory
that gave her a job not long after she fled her native Armenia.
"At 16, I went to work at Hood because there were no jobs for
my brother, and I could make $18 to $20 a week," says the former
conveyor-belt operator. "It was important to have that money because
we had to eat.
Areka Der Kazarian was not the only one.
A newly released documentary, "Destination Watertown: The Armenians of
Hood Rubber," is introducing local audiences to the "Little Armenia"
that formed within the now-defunct sneaker and tire manufacturer
during the first half of the 20th century.
"Really, in some ways Hood Rubber was a sweat shop, and they worked
under very trying conditions," said Roger K. Hagopian, an amateur
filmmaker who produced and directed the 68-minute documentary. "But
good or bad, it was the foundation of their community. When they
remember Hood, they remember their parents, their grandparents,
their families who worked there."
A self-employed businessman who calls Lexington home, Hagopian,
60, is long removed from the grueling factory work that allowed his
grandmother to flourish in her adopted country.
But Hagopian is never far from his history.
Over the last 14 years, he has produced four other films that explore
Armenian experience: "Memories of Marash," "Journey of an Armenian
Family," "Our Boys," and "Memory Fragments of the Armenian Genocide."
"Destination Watertown," which Hagopian completed last year
and debuted at the Watertown Free Public Library in December, is
replete with charming black-and-white photographs and trembling news
reels from the 1920s and ’30s. It also gives a brief history of the
Armenian migration that contributed to the plant’s success. Narrator
Robert Mirak, board president of the Armenian Cultural Foundation,
gently introduces viewers to the gruesome backdrop — genocide —
that prompted thousands of Armenians to move to Watertown around the
time of World War I.
But it is Hagopian’s decision to give most of the air time to the
former employees and neighbors of Hood Rubber that brings "Destination
Watertown" alive. Often salty, at times gauzy, their reminiscences
lend an unmistakable grace to Watertown history.
"You ask me what was the impact of the Hood Rubber Company on the
neighborhood, and I’m puzzled," former Oak Street resident George Mooza
says to an off-camera interviewer. "Hood Rubber was the neighborhood."
Mooza’s observation is not too much of a stretch. Founded by
Frederic and Arthur Hood in 1896, the Hood Rubber Co. was a major
local employer for nearly 75 years, using as many as 10,000 laborers
in its heyday. The multiacre complex in East Watertown included a
fully automated factory, a research lab (believed to be the first
of its kind in the country), and the Abraham Lincoln House, where
workers could get medical services and tutoring in English. For the
struggling immigrants who flocked to its gates each day, the most
important thing it offered was a steady paycheck.
"Word spread as far away as the Ottoman Empire that there was work to
be found at a place called the Hood Rubber Company," Mirak reminds us.
"By the end of the 1920s, approximately 3,500 Armenians, or 10 percent
of the population, were living in Watertown, and more than 500 were
working at Hood Rubber."
The working conditions that prevailed in many turn-of-the-century
factories would shock modern sensibilities. Hood Rubber was no
different.
"I think if OSHA had known what went on, they’d have objected,"
said Mark Der Mugrditchian, a former worker.
Areka Der Kazarian calmly recalls getting her right hand caught
in the conveyor belt, causing an injury that kept her out of work
for a month. Her ring finger has been set at a 45-degree angle ever
since. The filmmaker’s own grandmother, Hranoush Hagopian, was run
over by a cart, one of many that transported materials around the
mammoth plant. There were no lawsuits. There were no complaints.
"They say I could have sued, but I didn’t know any better," Der
Kazarian says. "It was a job."
The air inside the plant was often infused with rubber dust, and
its huge smokestack regularly spewed ominous black smoke into the
air. Several former employees and neighbors interviewed by Hagopian
said they suspect this contributed to the cancer that they or their
relatives later developed.
"The smell of burning rubber was like waking up and smelling the
leaves," says Mooza. "If the wind was right . . . you could get the
stockyards in Brighton and the fires from the junkyards in Watertown."
Long before there were focus groups or market surveys, Hood Rubber
recruited dozens of local kids to test its sneakers, including the
popular PF Flyer.
These weekly distributions were more frenzied lotteries than sober
consumer research, but no one seemed to notice.
"The wearability of those sneakers was based on the activities of
Watertown kids," says Leon Janikian, a former Dexter Avenue resident.
"We used to ride our bikes and drag our feet so we’d get a new pair,"
Der Mugrditchian admits.
More than anything, the "sneaker tests" divided the neighborhood into
two groups: the ones who got a pair, and the ones who didn’t. Decades
later, many of Hagopian’s subjects were still keenly aware of which
group they fell into.
"I’d wait until they opened. . . If they had your size, you’d get
the shoe," says Katherine Kaloyanides. "I had small feet so it was
almost an impossibility for me to get a pair. I don’t think I ever
got sneakers."
Rose Magarian had better luck.
"I used to wait two to three hours to get a pair, but I was a good
test girl," she says. "My mother had me running around all day."
Bob Sanasarian was not so blessed.
"My mother thought it was a good thing that I never got any sneakers.
She thought that I should only be wearing leather shoes."
Roger Hagopian’s documentaries can been seen at the Armenian Library
and Museum of America, 65 Main St., and purchased on DVD by contacting
him at [email protected].
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