Exhibition of unique works of Italian art opened at the residence of the President of Armenia

Arminfo, Armenia
Sept 24 2020

ArmInfo. Under the patronage of the Presidents of Armenia and Italy, an exhibition of  unique works of Italian art has opened today at the residence of the  President of the Republic of Armenia.

According to the press service of the RA President, four paintings of  the 18th century brought from the “Paolo and Carolina Zani”  Foundation, depicting St. Mark’s Square (San Marco) in Venice, are  works of famous masters Giovanni Antonio Canaletto, Bernardo Belotto,  Francesco Guardi and Michele Marieschi.  Opening the exhibition,  Armenian President Armen Sarkissian noted that it is evidence of deep  historical, close, friendly and warm relations between the peoples of  Armenia and Italy. “We talked about the exhibition about a year ago  with the President of Italy and the Ambassador. The collection is  here under the high patronage of the President of the Italian  Republic, Sergio Matarella. This exhibition is, in fact, bilateral,  because, according to the agreement, we will have our exhibition in  Italy exhibited in the Palace of the President of Italy. The  exhibition is planned to be held during my state visit to Italy. I  plan to take with me up to a dozen works of our greatest masters,  “Sargsyan said.

Touching upon the exhibits of the exhibition, the President of  Armenia called them one of the best works of world painting.

The Armenian leader also highly appreciated the role of the Italian  Embassy in Armenia and personally Ambassador Vincenzo Del Monaco in  organizing the exhibition.

In turn, the ambassador expressed gratitude to the presidents of  Armenia and Italy for organizing such an exhibition. “This initiative  is just the beginning, as the Armenian culture will soon be presented  in Rome.  These four paintings are not the result of random  selection, each of them has a special meaning. The four paintings  represent the 18th century, an exceptional period for the  Armenian-Italian bilateral relations,” said ambassador. 



OSCE ODIHR contacts Armenian Ombudsman to discuss high court appointment processes

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YEREVAN, SEPTEMBER 14, ARMENPRESS. The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) contacted Armenia’s Human Rights Defender (Ombudsman) Arman Tatoyan to “discuss the current process of the judicial appointment of the Constitutional Court judges and an agreement was reached to closely follow the process,” the Armenian Ombudsman’s Office said in a news release.

“The Human Rights Defender and the OSCE ODIHR had a number of discussions regarding the importance of an independent evaluation of the process of appointment of the Constitutional Court judges, and how the two institutions can jointly work in following the process”.

The OSCE ODIHR said it will provide expert support in assessment and will prepare a legal analysis regarding the legislation regulating the judges’ appointment, applicable international standards, obligation and experience.

“The purpose of the assessment is to carry out an independent and impartial study from the perspective of development of public trust for the judiciary,” Tatoyan’s Office said, adding that they will focus on the legal acts and procedures regulating the appointment of judges, the application of these procedures and transparency.

Both sides highlighted that parliament must ensure maximum transparency in all phases of the process.

“Public trust for the judiciary can be strengthened through transparent processes,” the Ombudsman said.

Editing and Translating by Stepan Kocharyan

The California Courier Online, September 17, 2020

1 –        Pro-Trump Black American Group’s
            Controversial Link to Turkey – Part I
            By Harut Sassounian
            Publisher, The California Courier
            www.TheCaliforniaCourier.com
2-         Schools reopen in Armenia under pandemic protocols
3 –        Restaurant Owner from Armenia stranded in Thailand
4-         Koming to a Klose: ‘Keeping Up With the Kardashians’
            Ending After 20 Seasons on E!
5-         Letters to the Editor
6-         John Najarian, pioneering transplant surgeon, dies at 92

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1 –        Pro-Trump Black American Group’s
            Controversial Link to Turkey – Part I
            By Harut Sassounian
            Publisher, The California Courier
            www.TheCaliforniaCourier.com

The Salon.com website published on September 4 and 5, 2020, a lengthy
two-part expose of a Black American group that tried to raise funds
from Turkish businesses in support of President Trump’s reelection.
The articles were titled, “How a pro-Trump Black group became an
off-the-books Turkish lobbying campaign: A Salon investigation reveals
a strange tale of Black Trump surrogates who tried to leverage Turkish
billions,” and “The Turkey hustle: How a pro-Trump Black group became
unofficial lobbyists for Erdogan: A sketchy nonprofit linked to the
Trump campaign tried to orchestrate a massive trade deal.” The
articles were written by Roger Sollenberger and Kathleen O’Neill.

Salon.com reported that “In 2018, officials with a controversial
pro-Trump nonprofit called the Urban Revitalization Coalition
(URC)—which recently lost its tax-exempt charity status and made
headlines earlier this year with suspicious cash giveaways to Black
voters—facilitated an off-the-books foreign influence campaign on
behalf of powerful people in Turkey.”

“URC officials Darrell Scott and Kareem Lanier, both prominent Trump
surrogates in the Black community, are said by multiple sources to
have used the organization as a vehicle to ‘solicit donations,’
including from wealthy Turkish nationals. Some of these solicitations
came by way of former MAGA-world star [Turkish writer] Rabia Kazan,”
according to Salon.com.

Furthermore, “an associate of Scott and Lanier named Bruce Levell, a
Trump surrogate, former congressional candidate and Small Business
Association advocate…allegedly shook down Kazan for cash, then asked
her to destroy records after reports of government raids on former
Trump attorney Michael Cohen’s home and offices,” Salon.com reported.

These Black American efforts were intended to shape U.S. policy
expecting a large investment in the United States by Turkish
businessmen. According to Salon.com, “some of these activities,
described in detail below, raise serious legal questions, such as
violations of rules governing tax and lobbying law, experts tell
Salon. Legal experts and people familiar with the URC told Salon that
given these activities, the organization appears to have functioned as
a shell lobbying and fundraising operation, and a go-between that
communicated with both the Trump administration (and Trump campaign)
and Turkish interests close to Erdogan. This is a story about how
peripheral players, including foreign nationals, worked on the legal
margins of lobbying, campaign and foreign agent laws amid the chaotic
free-for-all of the Trump presidency. They blurred official and
unofficial administration posts with other organizational and campaign
roles, and obscured the source and usage of funds from both the public
and government agencies such as the IRS and Federal Elections
Commission.”

It all started in 2018, when “URC officials first curried financial
favors and investments from Turkish business representatives in
connection with an economic initiative launched by the Trump
administration,” according to Salon.com. “Turkish business emissaries
secured meetings in New York and Washington that extended to Trump
officials, Republican members of Congress and campaign surrogates such
as Tom Barrack [billionaire and close friend of Pres. Trump], and Lara
Trump [the president’s daughter-in-law and Trump campaign adviser].”

This multi-billion dollar scheme was intended to open the American
manufacturing market to Turkish companies. “The fact that these
meetings were apparently geared towards influencing official U.S.
policy, experts say, raises questions about whether those involved
should have registered with the Department of Justice as foreign
agents,” Salon.com reported.

“The URC made headlines when it held campaign-tinged events with cash
giveaways for Black voters in poor communities, including a $25,000
raffle last December—something the organization had told the IRS it
wouldn’t do. Politico described the raffles as a nationwide strategy
of holding events ‘in Black communities where they lavish praise on
the president while handing out thousands of dollars in giveaways,’”
according to Salon.com.

“Multiple people familiar with the workings of the URC told Salon that
it was clear that Scott and Lanier established the organization to do
what they had frequently told Rabia Kazan they were prevented from
doing within Michael Cohen’s politically-focused predecessor
organization, the National Diversity Coalition, which was effectively
an arm of the Trump campaign. That is, to take in money. There’s
documentary evidence that the URC sought and received large sums of
money in at least one instance. It received a $238,000 grant from
America First Policies, a pro-Trump dark money organization affiliated
with the super PAC America First Action. The URC received the grant in
2018, a few months after directing Kazan to seek financial
contributions. Because the URC never filed a tax return, however, it
is impossible to know how much money the group took in or how that
money was spent,” Salon.com reported.

Turkish businessman Ali Akat, “who met several times with Scott and
Lanier, was supposedly discussing a comprehensive,
multi-billion-dollar investment plan that would open opportunities for
Turkish companies to gain manufacturing and packaging footholds by
investing and building factories in Opportunity Zones,” according to
Salon.com. “The plan would have taken advantage of a loophole in U.S.
tariffs. Akat told Turkish media that Turkish business owners could
evade high duties if they exported unfinished products to the U.S.,
where those products would be assembled and packaged, ideally by
Turkish companies in Opportunity Zones.”

To be continued in the next issue.

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2-         Schools reopen in Armenia under pandemic protocols

            By Raffi Elliott

YEREVAN (The Armenian Weekly)—Schools and universities across Armenia
are receive their students this week, as the scholastic year started
on September 15. All educational institutions were abruptly shut down
in March as the novel coronavirus first began to spread in the
Caucasus republic. Classes were moved online as the Ministry of
Education coordinated remote learning for the rest of the semester.
Kindergartens were permitted to reopen in late May when the risk of
transmission from children was deemed lower.

The new realities of distance education, however, unveiled significant
challenges and infrastructural shortcomings as older, less tech-savvy
educators and students from more vulnerable families struggled to cope
with technological limitations. Uncertainty over the university
application exams remained a particular point of contention for high
school graduates throughout the summer, but Education Minister Arayik
Harutyunyan did promise a simplified examination process under strict
compliance with pandemic protocols to ensure that students would not
miss out on higher education.

In the week running up to the reopening of schools, testing has ramped
up among students and faculty. Explaining the spike in testing this
week—reaching 3,518 for a 24-hour period—Health Ministry Spokeswoman
Alina Nikoghosyan said, “The increase of the number of tests is due to
the fact that teachers are being tested. They must be tested before
the schools are reopened.” Students and staff are also being advised
to self-quarantine before school. “In order to avoid new restrictions,
please limit interactions of students and schoolchildren between
September 1-14,” Minister Harutyunyan posted on his Facebook page.

According to the latest guidelines for safely reopening educational
institutions issued by the Ministry of Education, classes will be
divided into two smaller groups in socially-distanced classrooms,
while students rotate between the first and second halves of the day.
To make up for the shorter school days, classes will also take place
on Saturdays. Courses which can be taught remotely, will. Masks are
also mandatory in class. According to the Education Minister, this
would make the potential for sporadic outbreaks much more manageable
and would require only those students directly exposed to be
quarantined, reserving school shutdowns for more extreme cases.

The decision to reopen schools has been made in consideration of the
vastly improved epidemiological situation in the country in recent
months. That hasn’t stopped some people from protesting both in favor
and against the reopening of schools. Certain epidemiologists and
health experts initially also raised concerns that many educational
institutions did not have the sanitary equipment to fulfill their
healthcode guidelines, but the Ministry says they have taken these
concerns into account.

Since the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed on March 1, a strict
three-week lockdown managed to slow the spread of the virus enough for
the medical system to keep up, but the number of new cases began to
grow exponentially in the wake of the rollback of restrictions on most
freedom of movement and commerce on May 4. Peaking in late June and
early July at an average rate of 500 new cases per day, the daily new
case rate has experienced a steady and rapid decline over the summer
following the introduction of mandatory masks and stricter enforcement
of social-distancing protocols.

While Armenia has registered a total of 45,969 confirmed cases of
COVID-19 since March, the number of active cases has dropped
considerably as the number of new recoveries greatly outpaces the rate
of new infections. As of September, 3,357 people are recovering from
the virus, while some 41-thousand have already made full recoveries.
At least 919 mostly-elderly people with preexisting health conditions
have died as a result of contracting the virus. Health Minister Arsen
Torosyan has cited projections showing the rate of new infections
remaining at between 100 and 150 per day until a vaccine becomes
widely available given the continued contact and movement between
people despite widespread respect of social distancing rules.

The government has also passed new legislation enabling authorities to
temporarily keep enforcing the use of masks and anti-epidemic measures
in order to avoid extending the State of Emergency (SOE) situation
again. The SOE, which has been maintained since March 16—albeit with
the majority of constitutional restrictions being lifted—is set to
expire on September 12. Foreign passport holders have been permitted
to enter the country and avoid the mandatory 14-day quarantine upon
the submission of negative test results. Several airlines have already
resumed flights to Zvartnots International Airport and still more have
announced new scheduled connections, including Belavia, Ural airline,
Fly Dubai, Air France, Qatar Airways, MEA and Ryanair.

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3 –        Restaurant Owner from Armenia stranded in Thailand

By Armine Avetisyan

Varda Avetisyan, 38—a well-known restaurant owner in Armenia—and her
partner were on their way to Koh Samu Island for a vacation in
Thailand on January 28. They could not even imagine that their 2-month
vacation would turn into a long-term business project. The borders
closing between the countries because of the coronavirus took Varda’s
life in a new direction.

“January was coming to an end when my boyfriend and I went on
vacation. We had not had time off for quite a long time, and planned
to stay in Thailand for 2 months. We bought the return ticket for
April 2. I was three months pregnant at that time. We had planned to
do yoga, to relax. In short, I went for a fine vacation, which,
however, became something entirely different,” Varda says.

Already in early March, the couple realised that their plans would
change. In March, international flights began to be delayed one by
one. “Then everybody’s visas were automatically extended for three
months, so that the Migration Service would not be crowded for that
purpose. Just from that moment we realised that we would stay here for
a long time and there would be challenges, and we started looking for
a solution”, Varda recalls.

Varda was born in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, but lived in the
United States for part of her life. She applied for a US exchange
programme and was accepted. She went to study in America and lived
there for 13 years.

She started to work in a restaurant—first she washed dishes, then
waited tables, then became a manager. She likes to enter a restaurant
and write a new menu, recruit new staff, and enjoy the local cuisine.
Years later, she did the same in Armenia. She has set up several small
restaurants in Armenia, with colourful, delicious cuisine.

She says she is very at ease in this business. “We needed money to
keep living on the island. We needed to work. We had no money left, we
had spent everything we had. And we were not the only ones in this
situation. I decided that I should earn money with the business that
was closest to my heart, cuisine. I created the “Vegan Villa” group on
the Internet, posted videos and photos of my dishes, wrote the prices,
and waited for further developments. After a very short time the
orders came, we sold out and the work started…”

Varda’s friends, who had come from Russia and the United States to
join them for leisure, helped her out. They all rented a big house,
left the hotel, and started developing the business.

“Everyone had different jobs, but they quickly got into the part. It
was not a bad experience. It was also a profitable business, we were
able to earn enough money to cover all the costs. It was also very
interesting to create dishes with the island’s goods, I was fascinated
by the endless range of colors”.

Varda recalls that a curfew was set on the island, so they worked at
the permitted hours, delivering food to tourists stranded on the
island like them.

“There is nothing impossible in life. This is another proof that it is
possible to start a business from scratch and not go hungry. I’m
thankful for this further opportunity.” Then Varda’s online restaurant
was closed: flights reopened, tourists returned to their countries.

Varda and her partner stayed a bit longer. First their flight was
delayed, and then she was in the last month of pregnancy and could not
fly. The baby could be born any moment, and it would have been too
risky.

Returning to Armenia, however, was very important for Varda, and she
made it home one month after the baby was born. Many things awaited
her. Her restaurants in Dilijan, one of the most beautiful tourist
cities in Armenia, had to close because of coronavirus. The rent was
too high. But she has two more, one of which was also closed, but has
already reopened, with visitors especially on weekends.

“My restaurants are small, colorful. I am an optimist. I hope
everything will be fine”, concludes Varda.

This article appeared in Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso Transeuropa on
August 27, 2020.

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4-         Koming to a Klose: ‘Keeping Up With the Kardashians’

            Ending After 20 Seasons on E!

After 20 seasons, “Keeping Up With the Kardashians” will be coming to
an end with the final season airing in early 2021.

The decision to end the show was made by the Kardashian-Jenner family
and announced on Tuesday, September 8.

“It is with heavy hearts that we say goodbye to ‘Keeping Up with the
Kardashians,’” the famous family said in a joint statement, signed by
Kris Jenner, Kourtney Kardashian, Kim Kardashian West, Khloé
Kardashian, Rob Kardashian, Kendall Jenner, Kylie Jenner and Scott
Disick.

“After what will be 14 years, 20 seasons, hundreds of episodes and
several spin-off shows, we’ve decided as a family to end this very
special journey. We are beyond grateful to all of you who’ve watched
us for all of these years — through the good times, the bad times, the
happiness, the tears, and the many relationships and children. We’ll
forever cherish the wonderful memories and countless people we’ve met
along the way.”

The family thanked E!, the production team at Bunim/Murray and Ryan
Seacrest, who has been an executive producer on the show since the
beginning.

E! released an official statement to Variety, regarding the ending of
the monumental show that helped define the network as a destination
beyond entertainment news. Over the years, with “KUWTK” as their
flagship unscripted series, E! transformed into a cabler for hit
reality programming, and in more recent years, delved into scripted
content, as well.

“E! has been the home and extended family to the Kardashian-Jenners
for what will be 14 years, featuring the lives of this empowering
family,” the network’s statement reads. “Along with all of you, we
have enjoyed following the intimate moments the family so bravely
shared by letting us into their daily lives. While it has been an
absolute privilege and we will miss them wholeheartedly, we respect
the family’s decision to live their lives without our cameras.”

“KUWTK” has been a massive hit globally for the network, which airs
repeats of the franchise constantly — and pays a pretty penny for
those rights. In 2017, E! inked a mega-deal with the family for a
three-year extension, taking the show through 2020, valued at nine
figures. At the time, insiders told Variety that the renewal deal was
worth “below $100 million,” though other reports stated the deal was
worth up to $150 million.

The show premiered in 2007, and turned the Kardashian-Jenner family
into international superstars with a multimedia empire complete with
clothing lines, cosmetics companies, apps and never-ending tabloid
interest in their every move. When the show debuted, Kris Jenner, now
known as one of the savviest businesswomen in the industry, was known
to the public as the ex-wife of O.J. Simpson attorney Robert
Kardashian. Her former spouse Caitlyn Jenner also ended up starring in
her own E! spinoff, “I Am Cait,” which documented her transition into
a transgender woman.

When the show hit the air, the family was best known for
Kardashian-West’s sex tape, which brought worldwide attention to the
socialite who was previously Paris Hilton’s sidekick. Today,
Kardashian-West is one of the most recognizable faces on the planet,
and has taken her power to the White House with her passion for
criminal justice reform. Meanwhile, Kendall and Kylie Jenner were just
kids when the show first started airing, and now are two of the most
powerful — and lucrative — influencers in the world.

At the time of the series’ 10-year anniversary in 2017, Kris Jenner
spoke to Variety about the show’s milestones and futures. In that
interview, she spoke about when the time may come to end the show,
saying, “I used to just joke and say it’ll be when Kylie gets married
in 20 years, and here we are 10 years later. Who thought a decade
later we would still be going as strong as we are.”

In 2015 the return of season 10 set the stage for Kim and Khloé’s
eight-day trip to Armenia, filmed that April, along with Kim’s husband
Kanye West and daughter North. Cousins Kourtni and Kara joined them
when they landed.

They visited Armenia’s capital city of Yerevan, where they toured
around with relatives, and paid their respects at the centennial
commemoration of the Armenian Genocide.

The family returned in 2019 when Kim Kardashian West had Psalm,
Chicago and Saint West baptized.

Kourtney Kardashian also made the trip with her kids, Mason, Penelope and Reign.

Kim and husband Kanye West traveled abroad to have their firstborn,
North, baptized in Jerusalem. According to The Jerusalem Post, North’s
2015 baptism took place at the Cathedral of St. James in the historic
Armenian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem, which goes back to the
4th century A.D.

“Thank you Armenia for hosting my family and me in such a memorable
trip,” she captioned the post. “So blessed to have been baptized along
with my babies at Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, Armenia’s main
cathedral which is sometimes referred to as the Vatican of the
Armenian Apostolic Church. This church was built in 303 AD.”

Kanye West, 42, was not along for the trip.

The famous family members posted about the show ending on their social
media accounts, which reach hundreds of millions of fans.

Kardashian-West posted to her 188 million followers: “Without ‘Keeping
Up with The Kardashians,’ I wouldn’t be where I am today. I am so
incredibly grateful to everyone who has watched and supported me and
my family these past 14 incredible years,” she wrote. “This show made
us who we are and I will be forever in debt to everyone who played a
role in shaping our careers and changing our lives forever.”

This article appeared in Variety on September 9, 2020.

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5-         Letters to the Editor

Dear Editor:

There have been several recent articles in The California Courier
about Armenian cemeteries being desecrated in Turkey by so-called
treasure hunters.

Attention, Citizens of Turkey engaged in desecrating Armenian
cemeteries on quests for hidden treasure. You need to look in your own
back yards, gardens, roads and buildings under construction. There you
will perhaps find a treasure trove of Armenian skeletons with gold
fillings and maybe gold rings and bracelets, too. Here’s a location
for you, treasure hunters: Mush, where in 1915, forty ox wagons with
women and children aboard were burned to death by Turkish soldiers
(from the personal diary of Bodil Biorn, born in Norway, who later was
a missionary to Turkey). And while you are at it, don’t forget the
western Marmara region either, treasure hunters, where in my father’s
village of Keramet (according to Hurriyet Daily News on November 2,
2013) officials dug up tons of dirt underneath a home to locate buried
gold. Too late, treasure hunters, as the Kerametzis had removed the
gold crosses and chalices from St. Minas church and transported all to
Bulgaria (see book: “Deli Sarkis: The Scars He Carried”).

What a heartbreaking turn of events for the citizens of Turkey
continuing the 105-year desecration of Armenian cemeteries, and
foundations of Medieval Armenian churches looking for wealth. It makes
one want to weep for all the hard working Turkish Treasure Hunters.

Ellen Sarkisian Chesnut

Alameda, Calif.

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6-         John Najarian, pioneering transplant surgeon, dies at 92

By Emily Langer

John Najarian, a celebrated transplant surgeon who, by dint of his
skill on the operating table and with an anti-rejection drug that
landed him on trial in federal court, expanded the lifesaving
potential of organ transplants beyond what was once thought to be
possible, died Aug. 31 at a nursing home in Stillwater, Minn. He was
92.

He had heart ailments, said his son David Najarian.

Historians of medicine place Dr. Najarian in the pantheon of surgeons
who developed organ transplantation in the 1950s, ’60s and ’70s, in
the process overcoming the skepticism of critics who regarded the
procedure as an impossibility, something drawn from science fiction.

“This was the thing that drove me the most,” Dr. Najarian once said,
according to the St. Paul Pioneer Press, “to find a way that we could
in fact transplant organs from one individual to another. Wouldn’t
this be wonderful if we could do it?”

The most noted early pioneers in the field include the Nobel laureate
Joseph E. Murray, who in 1954 performed the first successful human
organ transplant — a kidney transplant between identical twins; Thomas
E. Starzl, who in 1967 performed the first successful human liver
transplant; and Christiaan N. Barnard, who performed the first human
heart transplant, also in 1967.

Collectively, these surgeons and others of their generation
transformed organ transplants from “experimental treatment into
reality,” said Joshua D. Mezrich, a professor of surgery at the
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and the
author of the book “When Death Becomes Life: Notes From a Transplant
Surgeon.”

Dr. Najarian spent most of his career at the University of Minnesota’s
medical school, where he built an internationally known transplant
program — and cut an unusual profile in hospital corridors.

He stood 6-foot-3, weighed 250 pounds and wore size 15 shoes,
according to his son. A former college football star, he was a tackle
for the California Golden Bears, played in the 1949 Rose Bowl and
declined a chance to join the Chicago Bears in favor of studying
medicine.

But in the operating room, he performed devilishly complex surgeries
with the precision of a miniaturist. In 1970, Dr. Najarian stitched a
new kidney into a 6-week-old baby, using magnification to view the
child’s minuscule veins. At a time when few other surgeons would
perform transplants on children so young, Dr. Najarian would review
their cases and declare: “I can do it.”

Perhaps his most famous transplant patient was 11-month-old Jamie
Fiske, who was born with biliary atresia, a rare condition of the
liver and bile ducts. In 1982, after her father made national news
with his plea for a new liver for his daughter, Dr. Najarian
transplanted the liver of a boy killed in an automobile accident. The
case was credited with spurring the National Organ Transplant Act of
1984, which formalized a national organ matching network.

Dr. Najarian specialized in the transplantation of abdominal organs —
kidneys, livers and pancreases. Beyond his pediatric cases, he took on
patients many other physicians would have considered too old or sick
to be considered for transplants, given the techniques and drugs
available at the time. In 1968, according to the University of
Minnesota, Dr. Najarian and his team performed the first kidney
transplant in a patient with diabetes.

The same year he operated on the 6-week-old baby, he operated on a
woman of 62, at the time an advanced age for a transplant patient.

“I think we have shown that almost no one is either too young or too
old for a kidney transplant,” he said at the time, according to the
Minneapolis Star Tribune.

One of the most confounding complications of transplant procedures was
organ rejection, in which the recipient’s immune system identifies the
new organ as an invader and attacks it. The condition was often fatal,
and Dr. Najarian “was working in an era when there wasn’t much to give
patients to prevent rejection,” Mezrich said.

Dr. Najarian distinguished himself in the laboratory as well as in the
operating room, refining an anti-rejection drug known as
anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG). His purification and application of
the drug “revolutionized outcomes in transplants,” Mezrich said, but
also sparked a high-profile legal battle that threatened to derail Dr.
Najarian’s career.

Over more than 20 years, the University of Minnesota distributed ALG
to medical facilities around the world, reaching a reported $79
million in sales. But in 1992, the Food and Drug Administration
ordered an end to the program, saying that official approval for mass
production had never been granted.

The next year, Dr. Najarian stepped down as chairman of surgery, and
in 1995 he resigned from the medical school, although he continued
seeing patients. He was later indicted on 21 charges including
flouting drug safety regulations, obstructing a federal investigation,
embezzling $75,000 from the University of Minnesota by double billing
for travel expenses and falsifying income tax forms to conceal income.

At trial in 1996, a judge dismissed six of the charges, and a jury
acquitted him on the other 15. In an unusual statement from the bench,
the judge credited the drug with saving lives and said that
prosecuting Dr. Najarian for the manner in which ALG was produced and
marketed crossed “the bounds of common sense.”

In 1998, the University of Minnesota agreed to pay the federal
government $32 million in a settlement resolving a lawsuit over sales
of ALG. Nine years later, around the time that Dr. Najarian retired
from performing surgery, the school announced the establishment of an
endowed chair in his honor.

ALG is no longer in use, according to Mezrich, but it was replaced by
other drugs similar in concept.

John Sarkis Najarian was born in Oakland, Calif., on Dec. 22, 1927.
His father, a rug salesman who was born in Armenia, died when Dr.
Najarian was 12 of complications of pneumonia resulting from the flu.
After his death, Dr. Najarian’s mother, who was from Turkey, supported
her three sons with savvy investments.

In his youth, Dr. Najarian nearly died of a ruptured appendix, an
experience that helped fuel his interest in medicine.

“During that period of time, the people that I admired the most were
the doctors and the nurses who took care of me,” he said in an oral
history for the University of Minnesota. “I was going to do everything
I could, if I made it through this, to find out how I could become one
of them.”

After graduating from the University of California at Berkeley in
1948, he received a medical degree from the University of California
at San Francisco in 1952 and was an Air Force surgeon before joining
the UCSF faculty in 1963.

Dr. Najarian established a transplantation service at UCSF and
embarked on his research on tissue rejection before moving to the
University of Minnesota, where he was recruited to lead the surgery
department, in 1967.

At the time, according to Thomas Schlich, a historian of medicine at
McGill University in Montreal, the school was a “hotbed of innovative
surgery” under the leadership chief of surgery Owen H. Wangensteen.
Dr. Najarian built a noted transplant program at the university, where
he “institutionalized this whole principle of transplants,” Schlich
said.

Dr. Najarian’s wife of 67 years, the former Mignette Anderson, died in
2019, and their son Paul Najarian died in 2014. Survivors include
three other sons, Peter Najarian of Mahtomedi, Minn., Jon Najarian of
Chicago and David Najarian of Stillwater; 12 grandchildren; and four
great-grandchildren.

The parents of children Dr. Najarian treated regarded him with veneration.

Jamie Fiske today is 38 and lives in a nursing facility in Raleigh,
N.C., after suffering a brain aneurysm last year unrelated to her
liver condition.

Her father, Charlie Fiske, recalled in an interview that when Dr.
Najarian emerged from the operating room after the liver transplant,
he said that without the procedure Jamie was unlikely to have lived
more than another day or two.

“You know, Doctor, you probably shouldn’t have operated on her,” Fiske
recalled saying. Dr. Najarian replied by asking, “What other option
did I have?”

“We brought to him a dying patient, and he could have easily said,
‘Oh, my God, this is too much risk,’ ” Fiske said. “He gambled on his
ability, along with his great medical team there, to give Jamie a
second chance at living. There was no place else we could have gone.”

**********************************************************************************************************************************************

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EEC Council finds a solution to problem with Armenian vehicles

Panorama, Armenia
Sept 12 2020

The Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) has tasked the governments of the Eurasian Economic Union member states to ensure the implementation of a series of measures to solve the problem with cars registered in Armenia and Kyrgyzstan which are imported into Russia, the EEC Council said in a statement on Saturday.

In particular, it has been decided to expand the exchange of information between the customs authorities of the EAEU countries.

“Armenia and Kyrgyzstan have been instructed to provide information on the customs duty rates, the amount of customs duties and taxes paid for such vehicles,” the statement said.

The measure will help limit the imports of personal cars into Russia from Armenia and Kyrgyzstan at lower rates of customs duties than those in place in other EAEU member states, the council said.

“Having such information will also protect citizens from buying cars from unscrupulous entrepreneurs.

“Owners of vehicles already imported will be able to get information about the amount of additional duties to be paid. The EAEU countries have expressed their readiness to exchange such information now, before going through the relevant procedures in the governments,” the statement reads. 


Belgium completes ratification of Armenia-EU Agreement

Public Radio of Armenia
Aug 25 2020

Another Chance to Address Homophobic Violence in Armenia

Human Rights Watch
Aug 28 2020

Provide Justice for 2018 Attack Against LGBT Activists

Earlier this month, Armenia’s Criminal Court of Appeal ruled there had not been a proper investigation into a violent homophobic attack two years ago against a group of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activists.

The court ordered a re-investigation, giving Armenia’s law enforcement agencies a second chance to deliver justice in the case.

In August 2018, a crowd of about 30 men violently assaulted the activists in Shurnoukh, a village in southern Armenia. The crowd shouted homophobic slurs and threats, demanding the activists leave the village. They chased members of the group, hitting, kicking, and throwing stones at them, and shouting “Get rid of those gays!” At least six activists were injured, including one person who sustained a broken nose.

Police questioned several of the attackers. But by November 2018, the government had granted some of the assailants amnesty, and the authorities decided not to prosecute the rest.

The LGBT rights group PINK Armenia challenged the decision not to prosecute the assailants, first in a district court, which found no violation, and then to the Criminal Court of Appeals, which found that the decision was not substantiated. The court also stated that the investigation failed to address the severe psychological pain suffered by the victims.

For years, the Armenian government has failed to effectively investigate anti-LGBT violence in the country, and homophobia remains widespread. A government bill in the works that seeks to address issues of equality has faced criticism because it does not include sexual orientation and gender identity as grounds for protection from discrimination.

The court’s decision offers authorities the opportunity to provide justice for victims of anti-LGBT violence. Even two years later, holding perpetrators accountable for this attack would send a strong message that violence against LGBT people in Armenia will not be tolerated. It would be a step in the right direction in the fight against homophobia in the country.


Flights from Riga to Yerevan will resume in May 2021 – Armenian Ambassador to Latvia

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YEREVAN, AUGUST 25, ARMENPRESS. The Latvian Air Baltic plans to resume twice-weekly flights to Yerevan starting from May 2nd, 2021, Armenia’s Ambassador to Latvia Tigran Mkrtchyan said in an interview to Neatkarīgās. The Ambassador also touched upon the Armenian-Latvian relations, the Armenian Diaspora, COVID-19 pandemic and other issues during the interview.

ARMENPRESS presents the Ambassador’s interview:

Journalist: On August 22 we marked the 28th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Latvia and Armenia. Latvia recognized the independence of Armenia on the 8th of January, 1992, yet the diplomatic relations between Latvia and Armenia were established on the 22nd of August, 1992. How come that the establishment of diplomatic relations were completed a year after the collapse of the Soviet Union?

Tigran Mkrtchyan: To a large extent, it didn’t depend only on the governments of Latvia and Armenia. Armenia adopted her Declaration of Independence already in 1990 (August 23), but the referendum about the independence of Armenia was held on the 21st of September, 1991. Here I would like to remind you that the First Republic of Armenia was proclaimed in 1918 and was independent till 1920. Therefore, we can say that 1991 saw the restoration of the statehood of Armenia.

As for the establishment of diplomatic relations between two states, there is protocol to be observed. Meetings of the ministers of foreign affairs have to be organized etc., etc. As far as I know, the establishment of diplomatic relations with many states continued throughout the first part of the 90s. We should also take into consideration the fact that the period immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union wasn’t easy for Armenia.

Journalist: I remember those times when already in the winter of 1991-1992 Armenia had to weather the energy blockade.

Tigran Mkrtchyan: Yes! Very difficult and complicated times, lasted until 1994. There was war in Nagorno-Karabakh. The border with Turkey was closed. The whole situation was very problematic. The warfare was taking place not only in Karabakh but also along the borders of Armenia and Azerbaijan. At that time, in many areas traversed by the pipeline that transported energy from Georgia to Armenia there were acts of sabotage. Those were very difficult times. I was still attending school. Our house got connected to electricity only for a couple of hours every day and then meals had to be cooked because there was no gas at all. I did my homework by the light of an oil lamp.

Journalist: The photos of those times capture a characteristic feature – tangles of electrical cables over every alleyway in Yerevan. Because people tried to help out each other when the electricity was cut in one neighborhood but still available a couple of blocks further.

Tigran Mkrtchyan: Yes, people always tried to help each other. Our neighbor bought an electric generator. When his wife saw me and my brother reading by the light of an oil lamp she offered our family to connect an electrical cable to their generator so that in the evenings we could have power for one electric bulb. And we could do our homework or read by comfortable lighting. The situation was normalized only by 1994/1995 when the war was finally over. I remember it well.

I had started my studies at the university and the biggest change in our daily life was the availability of electricity round the clock. In the middle of the 90s construction works resumed, but toward the end of the 1990s and the beginning of the 21st century the daily life was already much improved. I am sure that the diplomatic relations between Armenia and Latvia would have been established much earlier if we hadn’t had such difficulties.

Journalist: A characteristic feature of those times was also a mass migration from Armenia to other countries, not only Russia but also the US, Western Europe and other countries with a big Armenian Diaspora.

Tigran Mkrtchyan: We should take into account that the Armenian diaspora in other countries is very substantial. It was established during several waves of migration. Already in the 19th century there was a considerable migration of Armenians. Many Armenians had to leave for other countries during the Armenian Genocide in 1915 and immediately afterwards. At first they went to the Middle East and then to the USA, South America, Canada and Western Europe. Unfortunately, many Armenians left also in the time of the re-establishment of Armenian statehood.  On the other hand, the revolution in Armenia in 2018 gives us hope that many Armenians would return to their homeland, as the foundations of democracy have been established.

Journalist: How is the relationship between Armenian diaspora and the Republic of Armenia built?

Tigran Mkrtchyan: Several years ago the Ministry of Diaspora was established, with the explicit goal to build and maintain the relations with the Armenian diaspora. Many projects have been implemented. Diaspora Armenians are invited to visit the country, take part in various culture and sports events etc. Diaspora is encouraged to participate in a wide range of events in Armenia. Presently, there is a high commissioner of diaspora under the Prime Minister’s authority and their task is to coordinate the relations between Armenia and diaspora.

This is the cooperation on the governmental level but there are also other modes and levels of cooperation. An important part of this cooperation concerns relations on the level of political parties. Armenian political parties have a long history. The oldest of them were formed already around the end of the 19th century and that is why there are centers of Armenian political parties in many countries.

Nevertheless, the most important contribution to maintaining relations with the diaspora belongs to the Armenian Apostolic Church which has clergymen and churches all around the world. For example, in the Baltics recently was established a new diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church (with headquarters in Riga). The Church is an important player in the diaspora as there are many church-organized and maintained schools, cultural and educational centers in different countries.

Journalist: Has every ethnic Armenian the right to Armenian citizenship?

Tigran Mkrtchyan: Yes! Those who come to live in Armenia have no problem with this account. When the war erupted in Syria and Iraq Armenians who lived in these countries could simply apply for Armenian citizenship, get a passport and go to Armenia. Many Armenians in these countries used this opportunity. Of course, there are also some restrictions for those Armenians who live in countries that don’t recognize dual citizenship.

Journalist: How was Armenia affected by the Covid-19 crisis?

Tigran Mkrtchyan: Regarding the quick spread of Covid-19 around the globe, Armenian authorities implemented several measures meant to contain the spread of the virus. On March 16, 2020, the government of Armenia declared a state of emergency. It is still in effect because there are new cases of infection every day and this far more than a thousand people have died from the virus. When the crisis began we received very substantial help from Lithuania that shipped to Armenia medical masks, medicine and sent a team of medical personnel to help fight the virus. Estonia, too, helped children of Armenian infected with Covid-19.

We hope that the various restrictions sooner or later will be effective and we will overcome this crisis. Unfortunately, it was the Covid-19 crisis which hampered the development of further relations between Latvia and Armenia. The regular direct flights Riga-Yerevan-Riga were due to resume in May after a long period of preparation but already in February it was clear that it won’t be possible. We hope that the flights will resume in the upcoming year. In March, the direct flight Vilnius-Yerevan-Vilnius was to be opened but again these plans had to be postponed. A few days ago I had a conversation with Wolfgang Reuss, the CEO of Air Baltic and he told me that Air Baltic plans to resume twice-weekly flights to Yerevan starting from May 2nd, 2021.

Journalist: Does it mean that also cultural events have to be postponed?

Tigran Mkrtchyan: No! On the 21st September we plan to mark the Independence Day of Armenia and the 30th anniversary of the declaration of independence of Armenia. We have invited to Latvia the “Akhtamar Quartet”, an ensemble that is based in Brussels and very well-known throughout Europe and hope that their concert will be possible. In the spring of 2021 we would like to organize a chamber music concert of the world-famous violinist Sergei Khachatryan and his sister, the piano player Lusine Khachatryan.

Before I speak about other plans for the future I would like to recall the most significant event of the Armenian-Latvian cultural cooperation in the previous year. 2019 the Radio Choir of Latvia recorded the “Liturgy” by Komitas (1869-1935), a priest of Armenian Apostolic church who is nowadays considered the most important Armenian composer.  The last version of his “Liturgy” Komitas completed just a few weeks before his arrest in Constantinople on the April 24th, 1915 – this date has become the Remembrance Day for the victims of Armenian Genocide.

In 2019, Vache Sharafyan, a contemporary Armenian composer transcribed Komitas work – which was originally meant for the male choir – adapting it for mixed choir. The Latvian Radio Choir under the guidance of the conductor Sigvards Klava, in their turn, sung the “Liturgy” in a marvelous concert dedicated to the 150th anniversary of Komitas. Shortly afterwards they also recorded the “Liturgy” as a CD album which is already gathering reviews from most prominent critics. Reviews about the CD have been published even by such newspapers as “Independent”, “Guardian” etc.

This year we plan to organize the presentation of the Latvian translation of Franz Werfel’s “Forty Days of Musa Dagh” which was recently published by the publishing house JāņaRozesapgāds.

The novel tells about the Armenian Genocide in 1915, yet it doesn’t concentrate only on the massacre and the tragedy of the victims but on one of the few episodes of resistance. It is a story about heroism and involuntary heroes, a chronicle of the resistance of the doomed and at the same time about hope and faith until the very end. The publication of this book was supported by the EU program “Creative Europe”, by the government of Austria, Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport of Armenia (which provided financial support for the realization of Komitas “Liturgy” project) and the Armenian diaspora members from Latvia (Mkhitar Mkhitaryan, Ovik Mkrtchyan).

Journalist: Many countries already have opened their cities and tourist attractions. What about Armenia?

Tigran Mkrtchyan: Since 12th of August we have lifted the ban of travel to Armenia by airplane. EU citizens don’t need a visa to visit Armenia, i. e. people from Latvia can travel to Armenia whenever they wish. Nevertheless, taking into account the precaution to be observed because of Covid-19 and also the wide-spread reluctance to travel I think that visit to Armenia probably would be postponed, maybe to May 2021 when Air Baltic is due to resume direct flights to Yerevan.

Journalist: If real travel is not yet possible, how about a virtual tour? Please name five most interesting tourist attractions which should be visited by Latvian travelers!

Tigran Mkrtchyan: There are definitely more than five interesting and beautiful sites in Armenia. But if I have to name just five then the first would be the Holy See of St. Etchmiadzin in Vagharshapat city. Every visitor should see the cathedral of Etchmiadzin. Built in 301, it is the most ancient Christian church still in existence. There are also other churches, museums and other sites in Etchmiadzin where one can learn a lot about the history of Christianity.

The second site would be Lake Sevan, the biggest lake in Armenia and one of the biggest mountain lakes in the world, situated almost 2000 m above sea level. Sevan can be enjoyed not only in summer when one can have a relaxing swim after an arduous hike, it is a great place to visit at any time of the year – for example to taste the famous trout of Sevan.

The third most striking site would be the monastery of Khor Virap, one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Armenia. The view of the sacred Mount Ararat from Khor Virap is breath-taking. The visitors can also see the underground gaol (dungeon), the place where was imprisoned St. Gregory the Illuminator, who helped Armenia become Christian.

Another site to visit is the monastery of Tatev which can be reached by the world’s longest cable way according to the Guinness World Records – 5,7 km. Not far from Yerevan there is the Geghard monastery (10th‒13th century), which was first established in the 4th century, and also the ruins of Garni, an ancient Zoroastrian temple, built two thousand years ago. In the 4th century when Armenia was Christianized, all the other pagan temples were demolished but Garni survived until the 17th century and then collapsed in an earthquake. Later the temple was reconstructed and nowadays it is the only Greco-Roman structure still standing in Armenia.

Last but not least – Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, home to the most important museums, architectural and historical monuments, recreation sites. Here I will name only one of many Yerevan’s attractions – Matenadaran, the repository of ancient manuscripts. Yerevan has also a fabulous night life and world-class jazz clubs.

Those Latvian people who still remember Armenia as the producer of the most perfect brandy in the world I can tell that nowadays Armenia has started to produce also wines that can compete with the best of the best.

In thirty years, Armenian winemakers from Argentina, Lebanon and other countries that returned to their ancestral homeland managed to establish a truly excellent wine sector. While travel to Armenia is still problematic I would like to invite you to experience the aura and the unique fragrance of Armenian mountains, forests and rivers taking a sip of a good Armenian brandy or red wine.

The tragedies driving Gladys: Extraordinary story of how the woman leading NSW through coronavirus lost 40 of her family in a genocide

The Daily Mail, UK
Aug 18 2020
  • Gladys Berejiklian may seem a familiar presence with her daily COVID briefings
  • But voters rarely hear about the tragedies her family had borne over the years 
  • Glimmers of the private NSW Premier’s past have been dragged out of her
  • Revealed some 40 of her relatives died in World War I’s Armenian Genocide 
  • Family moved to Australia from the Middle East for a better life in Sydney
  • In newspaper interview last year, Berejiklian revealed she was a ‘lucky’ twin
  • Her sister was stillborn and she only learned of her existence later in life

Gladys Berejiklian’s ‘secret’ twin sister died at birth and she hails from a family who fled a genocide where more than 40 of her relatives died, before her parents sought a better life in Australia. 

The New South Wales Premier, 49, may seem like a familiar presence to most voters due to her coronavirus warnings broadcast daily throughout the state.

But the nation is now taking a good look at Berejiklian, who along with Victoria’s Daniel Andrews, has played an outsize role leading the fight against the pandemic. 

While Premier Berejiklian’s work ethic, cautious instincts and her success (so far) in staving off a second coronavirus wave are well known, voters may be less familiar with the NSW leader’s personal backstory. 

Surprisingly for a politician, Berejiklian rarely speaks about herself, with details about her family’s past dragged, begrudgingly, out of her over several years. 

The two biggest insights into the Premier’s personal life emerged in a 2018 speech where she was instructed to talk about herself, and in a lengthy newspaper interview prior to the last state election.

As the Ottoman Empire massacred its Armenian subjects during World War I, Berejiklian’s grandparents fled the tiny, landlocked Caucasus nation for the Middle East. 

‘More than 40 of my relatives were among the 1.5 million Armenians massacred in what became the first genocide of the 20th century,’ Berejiklian said in a landmark address to The Sydney Institute. 

‘All four of my grandparents were orphaned and witnessed untold atrocities.’ 

Her mother, Arsha, was born in Jerusalem, Israel, and her father, Krikor, in Aleppo, Syria – a city now known for a more recent humanitarian crisis.

Berejiklian’s mother and father migrated, separately, to Sydney in the late 1960s, met and later married at an Armenian Orthodox church in Chatswood, in the city’s north. 

They worked as a nurse and a boiler-maker/welder – her father working on the Opera House during its construction – and settled in suburban North Ryde.  

Gladys, the oldest of three sisters Rita and Mary, was born on September 22, 1970. 

She spoke Armenian at home, attended public schools, was her high school captain and carried the burden of being the first-born to parents ‘obsessed’ with her attending university.

‘I was extremely competitive and wanted good marks but from the talk of the kids I hung out with in our neighbourhood, I was doomed,’ Berejiklian said in her speech.

Somewhat unsurprisingly, Berejiklian was the school captain of Peter Board High School 

‘Based on what the local kids told me, every kid who went to North Ryde High got bashed up and was forced to take drugs. 

‘This petrified me. I didn’t even know what drugs were but I was pretty sure they were bad.’  

But she went on to study at university and became the president of the state’s Young Liberals.

In 1996, she wrote a letter to newly elected Prime Minister John Howard, demanding a meeting – and was shocked when he said ‘yes, sure.’

She then worked as an executive for the Commonwealth Bank and was elected to the NSW Lower House for the seat of Willoughby in 2003, before becoming transport minister in the O’Farrell and Baird governments.

In that landmark speech, Berejiklian admitted that sharing her personal story was ‘not something that comes easily to me’. 

Indeed, news reports at the time said fellow party members saw her reluctance to share a bit of her personal life as a weakness. 

‘In public life, part of my M.O. has been to not stray from core business – after all, I have been elected to do a job, and to do it well,’ she said.

But even then her remarks were quite reserved compared to the deeply personal admission she later made to a reporter.

Berejiklian, who is not married and is extremely close with her siblings, told The Weekend Australian magazine last year that there was something else that drives her – the loss of her twin sister.

‘I’m very lucky… for me every day in life is a bonus,’ Berejiklian was quoted saying.  ‘I had a twin sister and she didn’t make it. It was just luck that I came out first. 

‘Imagine if you had a twin; you came out first, they didn’t make it, I feel like I’ve got to justify my existence by sacrificing. So I don’t care if I’m not happy all the time. I feel like I’ve got to work hard.’ 

Berejiklian said she only learned she had a twin when an acquaintance came over when she was a child and asked: ‘Where’s the other one?’ A birth certificate describing her as the ‘elder’ of twins later confirmed the truth.

Arsha Berejiklian told The Weekend Australian that she didn’t tell Gladys about her sister, as she didn’t want to upset her.  

As for the present, Berejiklian and her government continue to battle the coronavirus crisis with the Premier warning on Monday, as ever, that the state’s residents should not fall into complacency and get tested if they have virus symptoms.

NSW GOVERNMENT: 

Early in the pandemic, New South Wales initially suffered the biggest number of coronavirus cases and deaths. 

At the heart of the crisis was the doomed Ruby Princess cruise ship being granted permission to offload its passengers on Sydney Harbour. 

In a report released last Friday, barrister Bret Walker SC said a NSW Health expert panel’s decision to label the Princess ‘low risk’ was ‘as inexplicable as it is unjustifiable’. 

Twenty-eight people died as a result of infections from the ship and 62 people who weren’t on board contracted the virus. 

Berejiklian on Monday apologised ‘unreservedly’ for the fiasco. ‘Those circumstances should and never will happen again in NSW,’ she said.

‘We have learnt so much since those horrible mistakes.’

New South Wales has avoided plunging into lockdown style restrictions in the wake of Victoria’s second wave.

Public health experts have praised the state’s contact-tracing operation and in a hopeful sign, this week’s daily numbers have been in the single digits so far.

But there is anxiety surrounding recent cases with unknown sources. 

Russia ‘Working With Partners’ On Resumption Of Karabakh Talks

RFE/RL – Azatutyun
Aug 21 2020

Moscow expects negotiations on the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict to resume as soon as possible and is working on it jointly with its Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Minsk Group partners, according to Russian Foreign Ministry Sergei Lavrov.

In an interview with the Russian Trud newspaper published on Friday Lavrov was, in particular, asked to speak about reasons behind the July escalation on the Armenian-Azerbaijani border and evaluate the likelihood of its growing into a large-scale armed conflict.

“A whole complex of reasons had led to the conflict. The basis of it, of course, was the unresolved Nagorno-Karabakh problem plus the overheating of the public space on both sides of the border,” the top Russian diplomat said.

“The geographic factor also served as a kind of trigger: the decision of the Armenian side to reanimate an old border checkpoint located 15 kilometers from the Azerbaijani export pipelines caused heightened anxiety on the one side and an unjustified response from the other, and, as a result, it launched the flywheel of confrontation with the most unpredictable consequences,” he added.

Armenia and Azerbaijan accused each other of the escalation on July 12-16 in which at least five Armenian servicemen and 17 Azerbaijani servicemen, including a general, were killed.

The fighting along the border separating Armenia’s northeastern Tavush province and Azerbaijan’s northwestern Tovuz region proceeded with the use of heavy artillery, mortars and drones.

In his interview Lavrov pointed out that the clashes were the second largest violation of the Moscow-brokered 1994 ceasefire after 2016 clashes near Nagorno-Karabakh and the first such large-scale fighting at the state border of Armenia and Azerbaijan in the past 26 years.

Lavrov said that the Russian co-chair of the OSCE Minsk Group, which also includes the United States and France, was in direct contact with the top diplomats of Armenia and Azerbaijan during the whole period of the escalation.

“As a result, it was with active Russian mediation that, although not from the first attempt, but still we got to the agreement on ceasefire from July 16,” he said.

The clashes at the Armenian-Azerbaijani border were followed by tensions between ethnic Armenian and Azerbaijani communities around the world, including in Russia.

Instances of fights and violent rampages involving Armenians and Azerbaijanis were reported in Moscow and other cities of Russia.

Lavrov stressed that “both diasporas should be fully aware of their responsibility both for the observance of the laws of the Russian Federation and for helping to create an atmosphere conducive to the normalization of relations between Baku and Yerevan.”

In his public statements after the clashes Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian called for the establishment of an international mechanism to investigate ceasefire violations in the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict zone. He reiterated that call in his interview on BBC World News’ HARDtalk show on August 14.

Speaking at a session of the Security Council in Yerevan on Friday, Pashinian said that “the victorious battles in July came to demonstrate that there is no military solution to the Karabakh issue.”

“I think the time has come for the Azerbaijani leadership to acknowledge this fact,” he added.

“I consider it important to state that Armenia continues with its constructive stance on the Nagorno-Karabakh issue. Our position is that the conflict should be settled through peaceful talks,” the Armenian leader underscored in remarks publicized by his press service.