ArCa Plastic Card Cash Transactions In Areximbank-Gazprombank Group

ARCA PLASTIC CARD CASH TRANSACTIONS IN AREXIMBANK-GAZPROMBANK GROUP PROCESSING NETWORK UP 2.7% FOR JULY

ArmInfo
2009-08-20 20:37:00

ArmInfo. ArCa plastic card cash transactions in the
Areximbank-Gazprombank Group processing network were up 2.7% for July
whereas the number of transactions grew 11.3%. Armenian Card CJSC
told ArmInfo ArCa plastic card transactions in the above processing
network totaled 21.7 million drams (1094 transactions, including
non-cash transactions).

Areximbank-Gazprombank Group processing system has been serving
ArCa cards as part of the agreement with Armenian Card since
April 2009. As of July 1 2009 the number of active plastic cards
served by Areximbank-Gazprombank Group processing network totaled
16075, including 90% (14480 cards) Visa International and 10% (1595
cards) MasterCard. The bank serves 37 ATMs (12 in regions and 25 in
Yerevan). Areximbank jointed VISA International in 2002, MasterCard
in 2005.

Exclusive Interview With FBI Whistleblower Sibel Edmonds

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH FBI WHISTLEBLOWER SIBEL EDMONDS
By Khatchig Mouradian

21/exclusive-interview-with-fbi-whistleblower-sibe l-edmonds/
August 21, 2009

On April 23, 2007, I sat down in Washington, D.C. with FBI
whistleblower Sibel Edmonds for an extensive interview, which was
published in the Armenian Weekly and on ZNet and widely circulated. On
Aug. 18, 2009, I conducted a follow-up phone interview with Edmonds,
who was visiting New Zealand. The interview is an overview of what
has transpired in her case since 2007, with emphasis on her deposition
in the Schmidt vs. Krikorian case in Ohio earlier this month.

Edmonds, an FBI language specialist, was fired from her job with the
FBI’s Washington Field Office in March 2002. Her crime was reporting
security breaches, cover-ups, blocking of intelligence, and the
bribery of U.S. individuals including high-ranking officials. The
"state secrets privilege" has often been invoked to block court
proceedings on her case, and the U.S. Congress has even been gagged
to prevent further

discussion.Edmonds uncovered, for example, a covert relationship
between Turkish groups and former Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert
(R-Ill.), who reportedly received tens of thousands of dollars in
bribes in return for withdrawing the Armenian Genocide Resolution
from the House floor in 2000.

Born in Iran in 1970, Edmonds received her BA in criminal justice and
psychology from George Washington University, and her MA in public
policy and international commerce from George Mason University. She
is the founder and director of the National Security Whistleblowers
Coalition (NSWBC) and in 2006 received the PEN/Newman’s Own First
Amendment Award. She speaks Turkish, Farsi, and Azerbaijani.

Below is the full transcript of the follow-up interview.

*** Khatchig Mouradian-I asked you in 2007 what had changed during the
five years since 2002, when you first contacted the Senate Judiciary
Committee to reveal the story on Turkish bribery of high-level
U.S. officials. You said, "There has been no hearing and nobody has
been held accountable. We are basically where we started…" Two
more years have passed, we have a new president, and I have to ask
the same question again. Has there been any change?

Sibel Edmonds-Nothing has changed. As far as the Congress is concerned,
the Democrats have been the majority since November 2006 and I have
had zero interest from Congress on having hearings-any hearings-on
this issue, whether it’s the states secrets privilege portion of it
or the involved corruption cases. The current majority has been at
least as bad as the previous one. At least the Republicans were gutsy
enough to come and say, We’re not going to touch this. But the new
majority is not saying anything!

The Obama Administration is pretty new. For what I see, they are
continuing the previous administration’s state secrets privilege
policies. As far as the whistleblower protection and related
legislations are concerned, the new White House has already made it
clear that they do not want to provide any protection for national
security whistleblowers-these are the whistleblowers from the FBI,
CIA, and all the other intelligence and law enforcement agencies and,
of course, the Defense Department.

As far as the mainstream media is concerned, at least from what I have
seen, the situation has actually gotten worse. To me that seems to be
the major reason behind the Congress’ and the White House’s inaction
and lack of desire to pursue accountability. As long as the pressure
from the mainstream media is not there, of course they aren’t going
to act. They are driven by that pressure, and the mainstream media
in the U.S. today does not fulfill its role and responsibility by
providing that pressure.

Of the three-Congress, the executive branch, and the media-I would
say the biggest culprit here is the mainstream media.

K.M.-The most recent example of the deafening silence of the mainstream
media was your deposition during the Schmidt vs. Krikorian case on
Aug. 8. There, you spoke, under oath, about how the Turkish government
and a network of lobby groups and high-ranking U.S. officials and
Congressmen have engaged in treason and blackmail.

A big story by any standards, it was only covered by Armenian
newspapers and a few blogs. How do you explain this silence?

S.E.-I know field reporters who are so excited and want to chase
the story. But when they went to their papers-and I’m talking about
mainstream media and very good investigative journalists-their
editors are refusing to touch it. When you watch the video or read
the transcript, you will see how explosive the deposition was. And
remember, I was speaking under oath. If by any standard, if I
were to lie or be untruthful in any way, I would go to jail. I am
answering these questions under oath, and yet, the mainstream media
is refusing to touch it. And this is very similar to what we saw with
the AIPAC/Larry Franklin case.

I have emphasized the fact that the American Turkish Council [ATC],
the Turkish lobby, and these Turkish networks, they work together,
in partnership with AIPAC [American Israel Public Affairs Committee]
and JINSA [Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs]. So not
only is there pressure on media outlets from the Turkish lobby and
the corrupt U.S. persons involved, but they also have this pressure
placed on the media via their partners from the Israel lobby-and the
latter’s influence on the mainstream media in the U.S. is undeniable.

The irony is that my deposition has made it to the front page of
Turkish newspapers-and Turkey doesn’t even pride itself with freedom
of the media-yet the mainstream media has not written a single word
about it.

K.M.-In an article you wrote about the 4th of July titled, "It Ain’t
about Hot Dogs and Fireworks," you say: "Recall the words of the
Constitution Oath that all federal employees, all federal judges,
all military personnel, all new citizens are required to take, step
back, and pay special attention to these lines: ‘support and defend
the Constitution and laws of the United States of America against
all enemies-foreign and domestic.’ Now ask yourself who is meant by
‘domestic’ enemies."

Talk about these "domestic enemies."

S.E.-The domestic enemies I refer to are the U.S. officials, whether
elected or appointed, who do not represent the interest of the American
people-whether they are national security or foreign policy-related
interests-and instead, they represent their own greed, their own
financial benefit and/or foreign interests. A good example here is
Dennis Hastert.

Less than three years after Vanity Fair ran a story about Hastert’s
covert relationship with Turkish groups, Hastert’s group announced that
it’s the registered lobbyist for the government of Turkey receiving,
$35,000 a month from the Turkish interests. How much more vindication
does the American mainstream media want? This man, for years, cashed
in while he was under oath to be loyal and represent American interests
and the

Constitution. While in Congress, this man was not only representing
foreign governments, but also foreign criminal entities. As soon as
this man got out of Congress, he came out of the closet and officially
became a representative of foreign interests. Bob Livingston [a former
Republican Congressman from Louisiana] is another example. As soon
as he got out of Congress, he registered under FARA [Foreign Agents
Registration Act] to represent foreign interests. Steven Solarz
[a former Democratic Congressman from New York] is yet another example.

Another prominent example is Mark Grossman at the State Department. For
years, he has been representing foreign entities. In fact, he’s been
violating criminal laws in the U.S. And guess what? He leaves the
State Department in 2005 and he’s immediately placed on the payroll
by a company in Turkey called Ihlas Holding, and he goes and joins
a lobby and starts representing Turkish entities’ interests.

These opportunities do not come when these people leave their
offices. In order for these people to secure these jobs and lucrative
payments, they have to serve these foreign entities while they are
in office. And they have done just that!

The victims here are the American people, their national security,
and the integrity of this government. And in many cases that I know
about, it is about our national security-related, intelligence-related
information that is being easily provided to foreign entities by
these individuals. Based on the laws we have since the beginning of
this nation, these people should be prosecuted criminally.

K.M.-I am reminded of the saying, "God protect me from my friends,
and I’ll take care of my enemies." Isn’t Turkey supposed to be an
ally of the U.S.?

S.E.-If you were to go and see our government’s own latest report,
under the espionage section, the top countries are Israel, China, with
Turkey coming third or fourth. You are looking at two ally countries
here, Israel and Turkey, penetrating and stealing our intelligence,
military, and classified technology information.

Why would your allies penetrate your State Department, Department of
Defense, and get away with it? Why would your allies want to steal
from you?

K.M.-Let’s talk about the Krikorian vs. Schmidt case. Specifically,
why did you decide to testify and what can you say about the efforts
to block your testimony?

S.E.-I was contacted by Mr. Krikorian’s attorneys, who said they
wanted to receive my sworn testimony and also depose me as a witness
on the case they had in court. I went and checked out their case,
and I saw that it involves the Turkish lobby and certain Turkish
interest groups, and also, a Representative, Jean Schmidt [R-Ohio],
who was receiving campaign donations from these groups. I saw, based
on the publicly available information from their case that there was
a pattern, and decided that my testimony would be directly relevant
and extremely important to this case, despite the fact that I did
not have any information specifically about Schmidt (I left the FBI
in 2002). So I said yes, if they were to subpoena me and officially
ask for my deposition under oath, I would provide it for them.

And then I fulfilled my obligation, as a former FBI contractor who
has signed various non-disclosure agreements, to inform the FBI
and the Department of Justice that I have been requested to provide
my testimony and I am supposed to let you know. They had a day or
so to respond. They passed the deadline. And after the deadline,
they came back with some whimsical unconstitutional warning saying
that under the non-disclose agreement, the FBI and the Department
of Justice needed 30 days to review what I was about to testify. I
had the attorneys check that and it turned out this is not legal,
because oral testimony cannot be submitted-you don’t know what is
going to be asked in court. Therefore, the warning they gave me was
unconstitutional and not legal. They didn’t have any legal grounds
to stop me from testifying, so I went and, under oath, during this
five-hour long deposition, answered all the questions, and talked
about everything I knew that had to do with Congressional corruption
cases that involved various Turkish entities.

K.M.-For years now, this has been a very frustrating issue for
you. Have you given up at this point? Is there any hope for change?

S.E.-On the micro level, I have given up. I have done everything
anybody could possibly think of, whether it’s approaching the Congress,
the court, the Inspector General’s office, the mainstream media,
or providing testimony under oath. There’s nothing left to do. It is
what it is. It’s being blocked.

On the macro level, I am a U.S. citizen and I am a mother. I have the
obligation, the responsibility, to defend the Constitution when it’s my
part, my role, to make a difference. And for that, I will never give
up. In the U.S., we are witnessing many elements of what we consider
a police state. I expect that in countries like Iran, Turkey, Egypt,
or Saudi Arabia. But we’re looking at these elements in the U.S.,
a nation that prides itself at being at the forefront of freedom,
democracy, and civil liberties. What happened to that nation?

As a mother, I want to raise my daughter in a place where she feels
free to express her opinion. She is right now in a country where her
mother has been silenced with gag orders and state secrets privilege.

I grew up with these and I don’t want my daughter to grow up with
these.

http://www.hairenik.com/weekly/2009/08/

STAR Company Successfully Finishes Business Reorganization Process

STAR COMPANY SUCCESSFULLY FINISHES BUSINESS REORGANIZATION PROCESS

ArmInfo
2009-08-20 16:48:00

Arminfo. The biggest retailer of Armenia – STAR company has
successfully finished business reorganization process, press-service
of STAR told ArmInfo.

By the end of June of the current year the net of the STAR
supermarkets announced about the large-scale reorganization of
business on the basis of international standards to ensure the new
level of development. Today this process is in its active stage:
a part of the work has been already implemented, but some global
changes should be made. Besides the inter-corporative tasks, such
as: requirements to the business-processes and their participants;
correction of the organizational structure and staff list; optimization
of the working processes and introduction of the new motivation
system for the employees; reorganization also supposes renovation
of the strategical marketing programmes. As STAR Executive Director
Vahan Kerobyan said, the new strategy of the company will be built
at the unique combination of the three important factors of trade:
low prices, optimal assortment and european level of service. The
main purpose of the new strategy will be increasing of the level
according to which purchase is in line with expectation from it,
i.e. maximum satisfaction of a consumer. "Our net has always had
a goal to give service to different social groups of population –
from the low-income consumers to the people with good income.

Enhancing of this image in the mind of the audience thanks to
the strict orientation at satisfaction of the interests of all
the categories of buyers is in the programme of the company. Every
Armenian family, irrespective of its incomes, should do shopping at
STAR supermarkets with pleasure", – Kerobyan said.

The network leadership has invited foreign consultants Hubertus Rick
and Milan Martinovic, high-skilled professionals in European retail,
for successful achievement of the goals set. H. Rick says competition
in the retail market in Armenia is weak and local companies have
enough space to act. He outlined the high level of STAR network
development achieved due to the professional leadership and literate
application of international retail standards. The centralized system
of management, the largest logistic center in Armenia, a single
price and assortment policy, regular discounts, own trade mark,
uniform of the personnel, and customer feedback system are the best
examples of a developed network, the consultant says. In addition,
he highlighted that the company operates in compliance with the law,
which has a positive impact on the country’s economy and the living
standards of the population. This means that STAR works for the
welfare of the Armenian public, he says.

H. Rick highly appreciated the efforts of the company’s leadership
and said that it is time for business to attain a new quality. This
requires foreign knowledge and up-to-date technologies which is a
standard world policy.

STAR network of supermarkets comprises 13 supermarkets (12 in Yerevan
and 1 in Hrazdan). EBRD holds a 28.3pct stake in STAR.

NAASR Expands Bookstore, Improves Headquarters

NAASR EXPANDS BOOKSTORE, IMPROVES HEADQUARTERS

09-08-18-naasr-expands-bookstore-improves-headquar ters
Tuesday August 18, 2009

Belmont, Mass. – The National Association for Armenian Studies and
Research (NAASR) Bookstore has undergone an expansion while significant
improvements have been made to the NAASR Headquarters building.

NAASR’s Bookstore, which has been in existence since the 1960s as a
distributor of books in English on Armenian and related subjects, is
the largest of its kind in the world and has long needed additional
space. A wall to an adjoining room formerly used as an office was
opened, creating a new space nearly double the previous area. A table
and chairs allow customers to sit and browse in comfort.

The increased size will allow for better display of books, including
special featured titles. For example, in September and October the
bookstore will have a display of featured titles on Armenian-American
artist Arshile Gorky, a seminal figure in Abstract Expressionist art,
in connection with major exhibitions forthcoming at the Whistler
Museum in Lowell and the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

The bookstore is open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., Monday through
Friday, as well as on nights when lectures are held at NAASR, and is
accessible online.

Throughout the summer, other improvements have been undertaken at the
NAASR Headquarters. New windows have been installed throughout the
building and updated high-efficiency lighting has been installed in the
second floor Edward and Helen Mardigian Library, with the remainder of
the building to be done before the end of summer. The new lights have
dramatically improved working and viewing conditions in the library.

New fuel-efficient gas furnaces will also be installed in the
fall. These green projects have been undertaken through the generosity
of NAASR’s members and friends, including a major grant from the
Edward & Helen Mardigian Foundation of Detroit.

The fall will continue what has been NAASR’s busiest year ever for
lectures and public programs. Through August 2009, it has sponsored
or co-sponsored more than 30 programs in four states and Canada. The
fall schedule is currently being worked out and announcements will
be forthcoming.

http://www.reporter.am/go/article/20

Iran-Israel Confrontation Over Iran’s Nuclear Program Reaches A Dead

IRAN-ISRAEL CONFRONTATION OVER IRAN’S NUCLEAR PROGRAM REACHES A DEADLOCK
Karine Ter-Sahakyan

PanARMENIAN.Net
15.08.2009 GMT+04:00

Armenia as a mediator can be used in certain delicate situations where
it is better to turn to a weak country, rather than to a powerful one.

Ambassador of Israel to Armenia Shemi Tzur had a "secret" meeting with
Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Arman Kirakosyan. However, the mystery
was not the meeting itself but the contents of the negotiations,
which, in our opinion, discussed purely regional problems. If we go
further on the predictable topic, we can assume that the negotiations
referred to Iran . Let us note, however, that diplomatic negotiations
are almost always confidential, and the best the press can count on
is the press release, which, at best, gives rather vague information
or doesn’t give at all.

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ Iran-Israel confrontation over Iran ‘s nuclear
program has reached a deadlock, which can be proved by the recent
address of Iran to the UN. "Iran has asked the United Nations to call
a meeting to consider banning attacks on nuclear installations. The
address of the Iranian leadership can be explained by the fear that
Israel might attack Iranian reactors. Earlier, Israel had said it will
not tolerate a nuclear Iran and has dropped hints about taking military
action against Iran’s enrichment facilities if diplomatic efforts fail
to halt the nuclear program," Iranian agency Fars reports. Address
of Tehran to the UN is an unprecedented phenomenon, as so far the
Iranian side has done no such thing. Experience shows that after such
addresses the probability of war between nations increases inevitably.

However, another war in the region would cause nothing but victims
and destruction, and most apparently Iran and Israel know it well. But
Tel Aviv, believing that in any case she will have the support of the
U.S. and Turkey , may do a "foolery", which is not true about Iran
that, despite the ambiguous figure of Ahmadinejad and his statements
on the intention to wipe Israel off the face of the earth, will
hardly begin to bomb Jerusalem . After the scandalous presidential
elections Mahmoud Ahmadinejad will need to, at any cost, show himself
more civilized than he really is. And in order to do it he will,
first of all, have to find common language with Israel .

Unfortunately, or maybe fortunately, Armenia is the only country which
holds normal and even friendly relations with Iran . Almost the same
can be said about the Armenian-Israeli relations, which hardly exist
but have prospects to develop. In all probability Yerevan and Tel Aviv
will agree on matters of mutual interest, especially since they do not
interfere with each other. The only negative point in this relationship
is the presence of Azerbaijan , which very painfully reacts to Armenian
diplomats’ contact with any country in the world. But, as they say,
this is the problem of Baku …

Who knows, perhaps the Israeli diplomat has brought a message to
Yerevan to be conveyed to Tehran . This position satisfies all parties:
Israel and Iran solve their problems with the help of, so to say,
Armenia . Yerevan gets some dividends from both sides. Of course,
Armenia will not get a voting right in the region, but as a mediator
she can be used in certain delicate situations where it is better to
turn to a weak country, rather than to a powerful one. A strong country
would always seek a profit in the mediation and we do not have to go
far for an example: Israel , after long and unsuccessful negotiations,
refused Turkey ‘s mediation in relations with Syria . The question is
whether the Armenian Foreign Ministry will be able to take advantage
of this situation. The sad experience, however, shows that Yerevan
often begins to act when it is already too late. But let us hope for
the best…

Meanwhile, on August 18-19, Israeli President Shimon Peres travels
to Dmitry Medvedev in Sochi . The meetings will discuss issues of
cooperation between Israel and Russia and expansion of the strategic
dialogue. No doubt, the Iranian-Israeli confrontation is going to be
one of the key topics at the meetings. In any case, next week could
outline the agreement, at which Iran and Israel will (or will not)
arrive with the mediation of Russia and possibly Armenia .

Expert: Armenia To No More Have Border With CIS

EXPERT: ARMENIA TO NO MORE HAVE BORDER WITH CIS

News.am
16:24 / 08/18/2009

"Georgia’s presence in CIS is of no vital importance for
Armenian-Georgian relations, just as its withdrawal from CIS makes no
significant change. Armenia will no more have a border with CIS state,"
Georgian affairs expert Haykazun Alvrtsyan told the journalists at
the press conference on Armenian-Georgian issues.

He considers that Georgia is ready to maintain bilateral relations with
CIS member-states and conclude a number of treaties. Seceding from
CIS, it remains a party to 75 (out of 113) multilateral agreements
within CIS framework, including those on economy, commerce, aviation
security and technical cooperation.

"Georgia is no longer significant for the West and U.S. The country
increased its instability rate and reconsidering priority programs,
tries to maintain cooperation with Armenia in economic, commerce and
communication fields," Alvrtsyan concluded.

Georgia’s Recent Step Does Not Affect Armenia’s Interests

GEORGIA’S RECENT STEP DOES NOT AFFECT ARMENIA’S INTERESTS

/PanARMENIAN.Net/
18.08.2009 15:11 GMT+04:00

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ Georgia’s withdrawing from CIS will not affect
Armenian-Georgian relations, Western Armenians’ Studies Center Director
Haykazun Alvrtsyan told today a news conference in Yerevan. Armenia
attaches so much importance to Armenian-Georgian relations that it is
not absolutely interested whether or not Georgia will be a CIS member
state, the expert said, recalling Armenia’s refusal to recognize
Abkhazia and South Ossetia’s independence.

According to him, Armenia has assumed an increasingly important role
in the region. Thus, Iran’s interest in cooperating with Yerevan
may make Armenia attractive for Georgia as well. Besides, following
Russian-Georgian war, Georgia has found itself in "miserable" state,
the speaker finds.

After Russian-Turkish rapprochement, Georgia no longer acts as a
"whimsical" child, the expert noted. "No wonder Saakashvili states
Armenia is Russia’s strategic ally, although it is not enshrined in
any document."

On August 12, 2008, Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili made
a decision on quitting CIS, as a sign of protest against Russia’s
military operation aimed at forcing peace in South Ossetia. President’s
decision was followed by relevant legal procedures which took certain
time. On August 18, Georgia officially and ultimately withdrew
from CIS.

Farewell Evening Of Second Stage Participants Of Come Home Program O

FAREWELL EVENING OF SECOND STAGE PARTICIPANTS OF COME HOME PROGRAM OF RA MINISTRY OF DIASPORA TAKES PLACE IN YEREVAN LOVERS’ PARK

Noyan Tapan
Aug 17, 2009
Yerevan

YEREVAN, AUGUST 17, NOYAN TAPAN – ARMENIANS TODAY. The farewell
evening of 65 Diasporan Armenians from 7 countries of the world, the
second stage participants of the Come Home – 2009 program of the RA
Ministry of Diaspora took place on August 14 in Yerevan Lovers’ Park.

According to the Press and Public Relations Department of the RA
Ministry of Diaspora, Yerevan Mayor Gagik Beglarian was present at
the event. A quiz game on Armenology was organized during which the
Diasporan Armenian young people performed the knowledge got during the
course on the Study on Native Land subject within the framework of the
Come Home 2009 program. The Yerevan Mayor’s Office prepared prizes for
the winners. Certificates were solemny given to the Come Home program
participants and letters of thanks to the families showed hospitality
to them. The farewell evening was closed with an entertainment program.

Members of the working group of the department implementing the Come
Home 2009 program, representatives of the administrative regions of
Yerevan and ArmenTel company were also present at the farewell evening.

The ArmenTel company is the sponsor of both first and second stages of
the program. The latter also provided the phone tie of the Diasporan
Armenian young people participating in the Come Home program with
each other and with the program organizers.

Steam Engine Chugs Down Memory Lane

STEAM ENGINE CHUGS DOWN MEMORY LANE

Kolkata Newsline
Express News Service
Aug 17, 2009 at 0502 hrs IST

Kolkata For Eastern Railways it was an occasion to relive the past
as a steam engine travelled from Howrah to Bandel, commemorating its
maiden when the first passenger train had left the Howrah station
155 years ago.

Shahenshah (WP 7200), the steam engine, recreated the romance of
that journey on a rainy Sunday afternoon with railway officials,
ministers and curious children on board.

Billowing huge columns of smoke, the train left Howrah at 11.55 am
and completed the 40 km journey to Bandel Junction reaching there
at 2.10 pm after stopping for brief intervals at Rishra, Sreerampore
and Hooghly stations.

Inside the stream engine cabinet was a driver helped by two workmen
adding coal (fuel) to the fire.

The WP class steam locomotive was built by Baldwin Locomotive Works,
Philadelphia before production started at the Chittaranjan Locomotive
Works.

The WP 7200 with a gauge of 5.6 feet and locomotive weight of 102.4
tonnes is one of the 16 prototypes that were handed over by the USA
government to the Indian ambassador to the US on August 15, 1947,
nearly 93 years after when the first train journey commenced from
the Howrah station.

On August 15, 1854 the first train of Eastern Railways was flagged
off from Howrah station with 300 passengers.

On Sunday, of the 3,000 applications, only 300 people were selected
for the first ride on the train.

Reminiscing about the past, Railway officials said in those days the
only ticket window was on the other side of the river at Armenian
Ghat, and people had to buy tickets, cross the river and trudge
through the muddy banks of the Hooghly.

Howrah station in its present avatar did not exist then– it was only
a tin shed to see through a pair of trains in a day.

Along with officials, nearly 150 children, including some
differently-disabled, boarded the 17-compartment train. The railway
authorities explained to the children the history and specification
of the train.

A philatelic exhibition was organised at the Howrah station to trace
the 155-year-old journey of the Eastern Railway.

A set of commemorative postal stamps were unveiled by Gurudas Kamat,
the Union MoS for Information and Technology to mark the occasion.

The four postal stamps unveiled carried four heritage railway stations
– Howrah, Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Delhi and Chennai. The programme
was also attended by MoS Railway E Ahmed, MoS Shipping Mukul Roy and
Deepak Krishna, the Chief General Manager of Eastern Railway.

Ankara: Constantinople And Norsin

CONSTANTINOPLE AND NORSIN
Mumtazer Turkone

Sunday’s Zaman
16.08.2009

There is a contradiction in a question posed by Devlet Bahceli to
the president, who referred to Guroymak as Norsin. "Will you also
change the signboard reading ‘Istanbul’ that you encounter on the
highway traveling from Gebze to Istanbul to ‘Constantinople’?" asked
Bahceli. Here are my questions: What will happen if we change
it? What change will this make? The answer: Only our habits will
change. Why? It is because there is nothing in the name "Istanbul"
that belongs to Turks, Turkishness or the Turkish language other than
our habits. Istanbul as a name is as alien to the Turkish language
as Constantinople; it may even be more alien.

We may discuss all aspects of the Kurdish issue. We may tolerate
Bahceli’s and Deniz Baykal’s opposition stained with rage and
political interests. In the end, diverse views will clash freely with
each other, and everyone will be held responsible for the views they
advocate. Eventually, democracy will create a common ground. Therefore,
we can tolerate all sorts of ideas and discuss all the different
opinions with maturity. But can we do so with ignorance? Who can
say that s/he is entitled to inflict unhappiness on a great nation
because of his/her ignorance?

Etymologically, Istanbul is derived from the Greek word
Constantinople. It is written and pronounced in different
forms. Stampoli is the closest one to the original. Istanbul is
the Armenian pronunciation of the Greek word that means "civic,"
"of city" and "urban." Inspired by the Armenian word "Esdanbol,"
we started to call this beautiful city Istanbul.

Many of the settlements in Turkey do not have Turkish names. All the
city names ending with "-bolu," including Gelibolu, Safranbolu,
Tirebolu and even Istanbul, are derived from the Greek word
"polis" meaning "city." Because of the same reason, we call our
civilian security organization "polis" like many countries around
the world. Iskenderun is derived from Alexander and named after
Alexander the Great, the great commander and ruler. As one can
easily guess, Kayseri comes from "Kaiser" (Caesar), the title of
Roman emperors. Diyarbakir is an Arabic word, while some Kurds prefer
to call it Amed, a name also used by Armenians. In the eastern and
southeastern provinces, many settlements still have names derived
from Armenian. There is a simple reason for this. The Turkish language
has only existed in these lands for 1,000 years, but Anatolia is the
cradle of many ancient civilizations.

Changing the names that people have been using for centuries
overnight has nothing to do with the nationalism of the dominant
nation. Changing these names is purely an attack of vandalism on
culture and history. Such an attack may come only from a mind that
is primitive, uncivilized, parvenu, wild and ill, a mind that is full
of hatred. Ignorance is another characteristic of such a person. This
untamed ignorance even went further, changing the purely Turkish names
of places after the military coup of Sept. 12, 1980. For example, the
name of the village of Dodurga near Ankara was changed, but someone
said: "What the hell are you doing? Dodurga is the name of a Turkmen
clan." So the village regained its name.

Not only our language, but our civilization also has a great mixture
of diverse wisdom. The Ottoman Empire was established in this diverse
synthesis. This synthesis accommodated the Mogul customs, the Ottoman
timar system, Sassanid (Persian) bureaucracy, Islamic law and Turkish
traditions.

"Norsin" sounds familiar to me. As "Nor" is derived from "Nur"
(light), I can assert that it is associated with proper names such as
"Nursin." I do not have to run an etymological analysis in order to
understand what "Istanbul" means.

Law No. 2932, passed by the military junta as a last-minute piece of
legislation in 1983, deprived Kurds of their language. To call Kurds
our "sisters and brothers" while at the same time defending the names
changed at that time is nothing other than a big contradiction. This
is particularly so if those who did not object to this ban and the
name changes at that time — including myself — are expected to
engage in self-criticism.

Changing the name of Istanbul to Constantinople is perfectly acceptable
from a linguistic point of view, but we have the right to be given
a reasonable explanation for refusing to call Guroymak Norsin.