Meet the Santa Rosa teen spearheading healing through art in war-torn Armenia

The Press Democrat
Nov 6 2021

We know Rima Makaryan primarily as a painter.

She is the founder of The Monarch Project, dedicated to humanizing the stories of immigrants, and a contributor to SCAPE, a group of artists working to elevate images of social justice leaders. She was the lead artist on the “Dreamer” mural at Montgomery High School, a piece meant to portray the beauty of the immigrant story.

The 19-year-old Montgomery graduate currently studying architectural design at Stanford University has earned plaudits and praise for her thought-provoking murals and her commitment to putting humanity, in all of its complicated, beautiful tangles, at the fore of her pieces.

But last winter, she produced something that looks and feels different. And she followed it this summer with something different still.

Using her winter break from Stanford to travel, Makaryan went to Armenia, where she was raised in the Lori Province until she was 8 and her family moved to Santa Rosa.

It wasn’t her first trip back to where she grew up, but on this visit she had a focused intention: To document the stories of Armenians displaced in the bloody conflict with its neighbor to the east, Azerbaijan.

“You could definitely feel very deeply the postwar energy,” she said. “I was there in the dead of winter and it was freezing and it just felt like the whole country was in constant mourning. The core memory I had of Armenia, none of that seemed to exist anymore. It was like a dystopian version of my country.”

She photographed a toddler in winter jump suit stoking a fire. She captured a woman delicately pouring tea. She documented an aging man crying.

She documented their lives, in many cases showing the unspeakable pain of displacement. Many spoke of feeling explosions and fleeing their houses with nothing. They wept over homes and a homeland they feared they would never see again.

Makaryan kept a notebook and wrote what she describes as online diary entries about what she saw, but she also took video and voice recordings. That was a crucial component, she said.

“A lot of projects like this include a lot of pity,” she said. “That was not what I was going for. It was empowerment. I wanted them to speak for themselves.”

She called it the “Forgotten Faces of Artsakh.”

Life in the portion of Armenia remains unsettled and unsettling.

Last month, nearly a year since the escalation of conflict, the U.N. World Court heard from officials from both Armenia and Azerbaijan. Each side claims the other has violated the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, according to Reuters.

Each side accuses the other of systematic ethnic cleansing.

The World Court, formally known as the International Court of Justice, is the U.N. court for resolving disputes between countries. It has not yet made a ruling in the case.

“There is a very long history associated with this conflict,” Makaryan said.

It was during the project during her winter break that she got a lead on yet another way to help.

She met the leader of the nonprofit Little Star Fund. The group has established training in beekeeping, agriculture and chemical-free farming — all with the intention of giving villagers the tools to stay and thrive in their own communities.

Keying in on the theme of self-determination, Makaryan was drawn to the work. She offered her help.

She started by contributing virtually. She designed a logo for the organization.

Then Makaryan agreed to return to Armenia this summer. She offered to run an arts program for kids. She lived in an apartment attached to the community center in the small village where she worked.

“That was a pretty amazing experience,” she said.

This time, she focused on the light she saw instead of the dark. It was less dystopian and more hopeful.

“When I went back this summer, there was a shift,” she said.

Makaryan wanted to build on that. But she also wanted to keep true to her feeling that Armenians don’t want pity, they want empowerment.

So created projects based on identity and focused on strength and beauty.

“Just how strong and how powerful they are as a people,” she said. “Their glorious history, just taking pride in being Armenian.”

And this time, she wanted to focus her artistic lens on kids.

“It was all about getting kid a chance of pace and making sure that they were in school and not working,” she said. “A lot of kids sell candles, which I don’t think kids should be doing when they are in elementary school.”

Through Little Star, Makaryan ran summer arts camps, teaching artistic concepts and having the young artists contribute to a 10-feet by 35-feet mural that today adorns the side of the community center.

“Kids would alternate between separate arts classes where they would learn color theory and shading. Really fundamental stuff like that,” she said. “Then we’d go outside and paint flowers on the mural itself.”

Makaryan designed the mural to incorporate butterflies and wildflowers found around the village. They represent growth.

“It’s realizing your power and seeing yourself as beautiful, as an Armenian person,” she said.

Throughout the summer, kids could see metamorphosis on the wall of the community center and, hopefully, within themselves.

“You are seeing change is possible,” Makaryan said.

“It’s a very colorful, very bright, very hopeful work of art and you did that. That was you holding the paintbrush and painting butterflies.”

Makaryan wants to grow the program. Next summer, she hopes to bring more artists from the U.S. to Armenia to reach more kids, to create more art.

It’s a program that beautifies the landscape and empowers young people. But, it is also work that fortifies Makaryan.

“I want to be an artist for as long as I can be,” she said.

“That is essential to my happiness.”

You can reach Staff Columnist Kerry Benefield at 707-526-8671 or . On Twitter @benefield.

Turkey FM finds self in awkward situation after Armenian MP’s call in country’s parliament

News.am, Armenia
Nov 5 2021

Armenian MP Garo Paylan’s call to Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu during budget debates in Turkey’s parliament has been widely covered in the Turkish press.

In his speech addressed to the Turkish FM Garo Paylan, an Armenian lawmaker from the pro-Kurdish Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP), criticized Cavusoglu for his discriminatory statements against Turkish citizens, T24 reported.

Paylan stressed that Cavusoglu should not use the phrase “dear kinsmen” in his speeches, as Turkish citizen Armenians, Kurds, Arabs, Assyrians, and other nations also have equal rights in Turkey.

The Armenian MP called on the Turkish FM to from now on use the word “countrymen” instead, and not the discriminatory word “kinsmen.”

According to the Turkish press, Mevlut Cavusoglu found himself in an awkward situation after Garo Paylan’s aforesaid remarks.

Azerbaijan’s provocative behavior has its impact on the countries of the region – Armenian FM

Azerbaijan’s provocative behavior has its impact on the countries of the region – Armenian FM

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 18:36, 3 November, 2021

YEREVAN, NOVEMBER 3, ARMENPRESS. The aggression unleashed by Azerbaijan against Artsakh had serious consequences for the Armenian people, as well as created new security and stability challenges in the region, ARMENPRESS reports Foreign Minister of Armenia Ararat Mirzoyan told Nouvelles d’Arménie.

“Although the military operations ended on November 9 by the trilateral declaration of Armenia, Russia and Azerbaijan, the situation remains fragile. This is due to the non-fulfillment of some of the commitments assumed by Azerbaijan in the above-mentioned declaration, in particular, the distortion of certain provisions, the ongoing hostage-keeping of prisoners of war and civilian detainees, as well as belligerent and expansionist rhetoric, aspirations to the sovereign territory of Armenia and renewed threats of use of force.

The provocative behavior of the Azerbaijani side has an impact not only on Armenia but also on other countries in the region, which we saw, for example, when inadmissible steps towards transit cargo were taken”, Mirzoyan said, expressing regret that the encouragement of this behavior, as well as anti-Armenian, belligerent rhetoric by third countries creates additional obstacles for the stability of the region.

The Foreign Minister stressed that Armenia continues its efforts to establish lasting stability in the region. “The Action Plan of our Government clearly states the readiness to have a contribution to the opening of an era of peaceful development for the region. I am confident that in case of _expression_ of relevant political will by other countries and implementation of constructive steps, all the necessary preconditions will be created to start active discussions on the above-mentioned agenda,” he said.

Referring to the question if Nagorno-Karabakh peace process has resumed, Mirzoyan said that despite the claims of the Azerbaijani leadership that there is no Nagorno Karabakh or Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chairs, as well as many other states, share the position of the Armenian side that the conflict remains unresolved and a comprehensive settlement is necessary in the sidelines of the Minsk Group Co-chairs’ format through peaceful negotiations.



‘Those who renounce Artsakh are traitors’: Opposition MPs voice support for Gegham Manukyan

Panorama, Armenia
Oct 26 2021

POLITICS 16:37 26/10/2021 ARMENIA

Opposition lawmakers on Tuesday launched a campaign to voice their support for Gegham Manukyan, an MP from the opposition Armenia faction, after the latter was forcibly removed from the parliament podium for the statement, “The ones who renounce Artsakh are traitors”.

“Yes, the ones who renounce Artsakh are traitors, period! No matter how many times they try to shut our mouths, we shall not remain silent. You and all your generations will answer!” Armenia faction MP Hripsime Stambulyan wrote on Facebook.

Another deputy from the same faction, Agnessa Khamoyan, said, “Renunciation of Artsakh is a betrayal!”

“Those who renounce Artsakh are traitors, period!” Armenia faction MP Elinar Vardanyan wrote.

Journalists and other users are also sharing the post on their Facebook pages.

Possibility of Armenia’s joining European Migration Network with observer status discussed in Yerevan

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 13:21,

YEREVAN, OCTOBER 25, ARMENPRESS. The staff of the Migration Service of Armenia led by head Armen Ghazaryan received today the delegation of the European Migration Network (EMN) to discuss the possibility of Armenia’s joining the Network with a status of an observer, the Migration Service said in a news release.

The purpose of the European Migration Network, which was defined by the decision of the Board in 2008, is to satisfy the information needs of migration and asylum institutions and the authorities of the member states and provide impartial, reliable, fresh information aimed at supporting the policy-makers in the European Union. The Network also serves as a source of reliable information for the broad public.

The Head of the Migration Service Armen Ghazaryan expressed readiness to share the Armenian migration experience, the information about the processes and also get information about the activity, structure and experience of the Network.

“This meeting is important both for us in order to understand the advantages of joining the European Migration Network, the features of the observer status, and also for you in order to get acquainted with the Armenian experience and to be informed about our migration and asylum system”, Mr. Ghazaryan said.

EMN representative Adolfo Sommarribas also expressed readiness to establish a direct and transparent cooperation.

“Our experience shows that the closer the contacts between the partners are, the more effective the cooperation will be. Therefore, we are ready to discuss all issues and share our experience in order to create stable working ties”, Adolfo Sommarribas said.

 

Editing and Translating by Aneta Harutyunyan

Ambassador of the Republic of Malta presents copy of his credentials to Deputy FM of Armenia

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 20:05,

YEREVAN, 20 OCTOBER, ARMENPRESS. Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia Vahe Gevorgyan received the newly appointed Ambassador of the Republic of Malta (place of residence Valletta) George A. Said Zammit on October 20 on the occasion of presenting the copy of credentials.

As ARMENPRESS was informed from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, congratulating the Ambassador on the occasion of appointment, the deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia wished fruitful and productive work.

Thanking for reception and good wishes, the Ambassador noted that he will try to maximum promote the deepening and strengthening of the relations between the two countries.

The interlocutors discussed a broad scope of issues related to Armenian-Maltese relations, including prospects of agenda-setting in bilateral political, economic, scientific and cultural fields.

Deciphering Azerbaijani president’s provocations against Iran

Tehran Times, Iran
Oct 17 2021
  1. Politics
– 20:40

TEHRAN – Is Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev sleepwalking into a conflict beyond his country’s capacity? Observers in the region gave intriguing answers to this question.

Ever since the sudden eruption of tensions between Tehran and Baku, many pundits and officials in Iran warned about the malign influence of foreigners on the Republic of Azerbaijan.

 In the beginning, it was “third-parties” but as Azeri officials went further in their hostile statements against Iran, it became clear what third-parties exactly means. Initially, Iranian officials sought to defuse tensions with Baku through diplomatic channels, the favorite way of Iran in addressing misunderstandings with Azerbaijan. 

To this end, Iranian Ambassador to Azerbaijan Seyed Abbas Mousavi held several rounds of talks with Azeri officials in Baku in a bid to de-escalate tensions. But the Azeris took a step further and brought the spat to the media. In the meantime, several Azeri lawmakers made provocative remarks against Iran. 

Again, Iranian officialdom avoided a war of words. Instead, some Iranian lawmakers responded to their Azeri counterparts.
 
But when Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev jumped in, Iran found itself in a position to respond to Azeri provocations. But even when Iran decided to respond, it did so quite diplomatically.

Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir Abdollahian spoke over the phone with his Azerbaijani counterpart Jeyhun Bayramov. During the conversation, the chief Iranian diplomat underlined the need for mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of countries and stressed that Iran and Azerbaijan must prevent misunderstandings in their relations and it is worthwhile to continue their ties in the right and growing direction quickly.

Meanwhile, many Iranian commentators and officials politely warned that tensions between Baku and Tehran could only serve the interests of Israel, which seeks to turn Azerbaijan into a forward base for its malign activities against Iran. 

In fact, some Iranians blame the whole episode on Israel’s provocations. Abdollahian told Bayramov that Tehran and Baku have enemies and the two sides should not give the enemies the opportunity to disrupt relations between the two countries.

Aliyev continued to make controversial remarks against Iran despite Iranian warnings that Israel stands behind the tensions. Tragically, the Azeri president even moved to vindicate Israel while continuing his hostile remarks against Iran. 

In the lasted move, he accused Iran of collaborating with Armenia in drug trafficking via Nagorno-Karabakh territories when they were under Armenian occupation, an accusation that drew a strong response from Iran.

Iran’s Foreign Ministry spokesman Saeed Khatibzadeh strongly rejected the “astonishing” new allegations made by Aliyev against Iran at the summit of the Commonwealth of Independent States, calling them fabricated.

Again, Iran warned of an Israeli role in the drama. Khatibzadeh said such media accusations are only in the interests of the Zionist regime to affect the brotherly relations between the two nations of Iran and Azerbaijan.

Secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council Ali Shamkhani implicitly reiterated the same warning. Writing on Twitter, Shamkhani described as “false” Aliyev’s allegation on Iran’s involvement in drug trafficking. 

“Ignoring the neighborhood principles & making false statements can’t be a sign of a tact. Accusation against a country that the world recognizes as a hero in the fight against drugs has no effect other than invalidating the speaker’s words. Beware of the devil’s costly traps,” he tweeted. 

So far, Iran has sought to brotherly resolve the dispute which lasted more than expected. But it seems that there are invisible hands prodding Aliyev into prolonging his war of words against Iran. But why?

A Russian expert says Baku is escalating tensions with Iran in a bid to ramp up pressure on it as part of the West’s pressure campaign on Tehran to resume the stalled Vienna nuclear talks over the 2015 nuclear deal, officially known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).

The expert, Dmitry Solonnikov, who is the director of the Institute of Contemporary Development in Russia, put the Baku-Tehran tensions into the broader context of the current state of play between Iran and the West. 

“If there was no statement that Iran is about to build an atomic bomb…, then this confrontation between Azerbaijan and Iran would not have taken place now,” he told Asharq Al-Awsat newspaper. 

If true, this assessment proves that Aliyev is dragging his country into an ill-advised confrontation that will cost his country dearly.

Azerbaijan’s Emerging Arsenal Of Deterrent

By Stijn Mitzer and Joost Oliemans
 
Tensions have increased between Iran and Azerbaijan over road tax imposed on Iranian truck drivers that want to enter Armenia through Azerbaijan, over Azerbaijani ties to Israel and plans for a corridor linking Azerbaijan’s Nakhchivan exclave with mainland Azerbaijan. The latter’s occurence could see Tehran lose its connection to Armenia altogether, hindering its access to the regional market. While current tensions between Tehran and Baku have so far been confined to diplomatic tensions and military exercises along their respective borders, some fear that mounting tensions between the two countries could one day escalate into an all-out regional conflict.
 
In early October, Tehran launched a number of exercise along its northern border with Azerbaijan. Although presumably aimed at sending a strong message to Baku, the 1960s-era Chieftain MBTs, BMP-1 IFVs, M577 APCs and M109 SPGs covered by ZSU-23 SPAAGs did little to impress international spectators. However, later footage also revealed the deployment of short-range ballistic missiles, and the unimpressive equipment does not accurately represent the scores of newly-developed loitering munitions and ballistic missiles that have entered service with Iran’s armed forces in recent years.
While Iran’s extensive arsenal of missiles and drones has received plenty of attention, Azerbaijan also maintains an emerging arsenal of deterrent. In addition to being one of the most modern and capable in the region – combining modern equipment from sources like Israel, Turkey and Belarus – it is also one of the fastest-growing. In recent years, Azerbaijan has also initiated the development of several guided armament types, so far including the design and production of a number of guided missiles and bombs. This list aims to catalogue these armament types currently in Azerbaijani service.
(Click on the equipment to get a picture of them in Azerbaijani service)

  •  9K111 Fagot [Range: 2.5km]
  •  9M113 Konkurs [Range: 4km]
  •  9K114 Shturm [Range: 5km] (For use by Mi-24V/P attack helicopters)
  •  Spike-LR [Range: 4km] Two launch configurations: (2)
  •  Skif [Range: 5km]
  •  R-2 Baryer ”Barrier” [Range: 5km] (For use by Mi-24G attack helicopters)
  •  9M133 Kornet [Range: 5.5km]
  •  9P157-2 “Khrizantema-S” [Range: 6km]
  •  9M120 Ataka [Range: 6km] (For use by Mi-35M attack helicopters)
  •  Spike-ER [Range: 8km] Three launch configurations: (2) (3) (Also for use by Shaldag Mk V patrol vessels)
  •  Spike-NLOS [Range: 25km] Two launch configurations: (2) (For use by Mi-17 attack helicopters and Sa’ar 62 patrol vessels)
  •  Experimental Tactical Missile (ETR-M) [Range: 60+km]
  •  STM Kargu [Range: 10km] [1.3kg warhead]
  •  Orbiter-1K [Range: 100km] [3kg warhead] (In service with the State Border Service)
  •  Zarba-K [Range: 100km] [3kg warhead] (In service with the State Border Service. Azerbaijani-manufactured version of the Orbiter-1K)
  •  SkyStriker Early [Range: 100km] [5 or 10kg warhead] (In service with the State Border Service)
  •  SkyStriker Late [Range: 100km] [5 or 10kg warhead] (In service with the State Border Service)
  •  IAI Harop [Range: 1000km] [23kg warhead] (In service with the State Border Service)
  •  85mm divisional gun D-44 [Range: 15.6km]
  •  122mm (D-30) howitzer 2A18 [Range: 15.4 km or 21.9 km when using RAPs]
  •  130mm (M-46) field gun M-1954 [Range: 27.5 km or 38 km when using RAPs]
  •  152mm 2A36 Giatsint-B field-gun [Range: 15.2km or 21.9km when using RAPs]
 
  •  100mm T-55 (Used as an indirect-fire platform)
  •  120mm Cardom [Range: 8km]
  •  120mm Spear Mk2 [Range: 10km]
  •  120mm 2S31 Vena [Range: 18km]
  •  122mm 2S1 Gvozdika [Range: 15.2km or 21.9km when using RAPs]
  •  152mm 2S3 Akatsiya [Range: 18.5km or 24km when using RAPs]
  •  152mm SpGH DANA [Range: 20km]
  •  152mm 2S19 Msta [Range: 25km or 28.9km when using RAPs]
  •  203mm 2S7 Pion [Range: 37.5km or 55.5km when using RAPs]
  •  155mm ATMOS 2000 [Range: 24.5km or 41km when using RAPs] (Documented by a few sources. Not yet seen)
  •  220mm TOS-1A [Range: 6km]
  •  107mm T-107 ‘Boran’ [Range: 11km]
  •  107mm MRLS-107 [Range: 11km]
  •  128mm RAK-12 [Range: 13km]
  •  122mm BM-21 ‘Grad’ [Range: 40km]
  •  122mm RM-70 [Range: 40km]
  •  122mm KRL 122 [Range: 40km]
  •  122mm T-122 ‘Sakarya’ [Range: 40km]
  •  122mm Grad ‘Lynx’ [Range: 40km]
  •  160mm LAR-160 ‘Lynx’ [Range: 45km]
  •  300mm BM-30 ‘Smerch’ [Range: 90km]
  •  230mm TRLG-230 [Range: 70km] [CEP: 2m] (Used in conjuction with Bayraktar TB2 UCAVs)
  •  300mm TRG-300 Kasirga [Range: 120km] [CEP: 10m]
  •  306mm Extra [Range: 150km] [CEP: 10m]
  •  300mm Polonez [Range: 200km] [CEP: 30m]
  •  300mm Polonez-M [Range: 290km] [CEP: 45m]
  •  OTR-21 Tochka-U [Range: 120km] [CEP: 95m]
  •  LORA [Range: 430km] [CEP: 10m]
 
  •  SOM-B1 [2021] [Range: 250+km] (For use by Su-25 attack aircraft)
 
  •  QFAB-50-ISAB [Range: Up to 65km] (For use by Su-25 attack aircraft)
  •  QFAB-100-SAB [Range: Up to 65km] (For use by Su-25 attack aircraft)
  •  QFAB-250-LG [Range: 12+km] (Aselsan LGK laser guidance kit integrated on an Azerbaijani-produced QFAB-250 bomb. For use by Su-25 attack aircraft)
  •  QFAB-250-KAB [Range: ?] (For use by Su-25 attack aircraft)
  •  FAB-50-KAB [Range: 25km or 50km with a rocket booster] (For use by Su-25 attack aircraft)
  •  FAB-75-KAB [Range: 30+km or 60+km with a rocket booster] (For use by Su-25 attack aircraft)
  •  Konteyner-250/10 gliding cluster bomb (For use by Su-25 attack aircraft)
  •  Unknown Guided Bomb (1) [Range: ?] (For use by Su-25 attack aircraft)
  •  Unknown Guided Bomb (2) [Range: ?] (For use by Su-25 attack aircraft)
  •  MAM-L [Range: ~15km] (For use by Bayraktar TB2 UCAVs)
  •  Groza R-934UM2 [Range: Up to 65km] (For use by Su-25 attack aircraft)
  •  Koral (Documented by a few sources, not yet seen)

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Construction noise replaces sounds of fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh

EurasiaNet.org
Oct 14 2021
Gevorg Mnatsakanyan Oct 14, 2021
An image of new construction posted to Facebook in July by Karabakh’s de facto president, Arayik Harutyunyan.

In post-war Nagorno-Karabakh, perhaps no problem is as acute as housing.

The 44-day war saw Armenians lose control of about three-quarters of the land they had gained in the first war with Azerbaijan in the 1990s. As a result, about 35,000 of the territory’s roughly 150,000 people were displaced from their homes.

With the region’s housing stock depleted, thousands have been struggling to secure accommodation in the remaining territories under Armenian control, as well as in neighboring Armenia.

Housing is “the most pressing humanitarian issue today in Artsakh,” said Gegham Stepanyan, Karabakh’s human rights ombudsman, using an alternate Armenian name for the territory. Of the 200 or so complaints received by his office since the beginning of the year, the lion’s share has been from displaced people seeking shelter, he told Eurasianet.

A recent report on the humanitarian consequences of the conflict produced for the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe voiced similar concerns and called on its ministerial committee “to pay particular attention to the needs and rights of displaced persons and issues surrounding their return” when drafting its action plans for Armenia and Azerbaijan.

The housing shortage has resulted in a rental boom, with landlords raising rent by as much as double in the de facto capital of Stepanakert, where many of those displaced from other parts of Karabakh have tried to resettle.

In an interview with Armenia’s state television on September 23, Minister of State Artak Beglaryan condemned the practice, vowing to crack down on unfair leasing. The authorities also are subsidizing rent for the neediest, paying more than $5 million since December 2020, Beglaryan said.

In the longer-term, the de facto government of Nagorno-Karabakh, with aid from Armenia and the global Armenian diaspora, is funding a three-year, 118-billion-dram (more than $240 million) effort to resettle those displaced.

As part of that effort, the de facto Karabakh leader, Arayik Harutyunyan, signed a government decree in July to renovate 10,000 residences abandoned or damaged by fighting both in the 1990s and in 2020, as well as to erect 6,000 new homes for the latest war stricken. The Ministry of Urban Development says a total of 195 construction companies have been involved in the works. Armenian charities like the Tufenkian Foundation are donating millions more in support.

Later that month, Harutyunyan also ordered the creation of a Housing Committee under the Minister of State and budgeted up to 5 million Armenian drams (over $10,000) in state assistance to any young family from the region willing to build a home for themselves there.

Beglaryan estimated that of the 35,000 displaced, more than two-thirds – about 25,000 – are outside Karabakh. He went so far as to stake the stability and what he called “the Armenian future” of Nagorno-Karabakh on the return of the displaced from Yerevan and other parts of Armenia.

One project currently underway is the construction of a 240-apartment complex on the northern edge of the Karabakh capital of Stepanakert, aimed at those forced to flee from the southern city of Hadrut, which is now under the control of Azerbaijan as a result of the war. 

Set to be completed by the end of 2022, all 15 buildings are financed by the diaspora-backed Hayastan All Armenia Fund and will be fitted with underground shelters – as are all new buildings being constructed now in Karabakh – the territory’s Minister of Urban Development, Aram Sargsyan, told Eurasianet.

Beyond its housing initiatives, the government is spending millions more on paving inter-city highways and local roads both old and new, and on renovating vital infrastructure including schools and hospitals damaged in the war. Social welfare programs and compensation packages for the displaced and others affected by the fighting are also in the pipeline, according to state authorities.

Providing materials for the construction will be a new cement plant near Askeran, opened in August after its construction was interrupted by last year’s war. The $2 million Savva Cement Factory is a project of the Artsakh Investment Fund, a government-affiliated entity for state-sponsored business development and housing projects, and local businessman Samvel Hakobyan.

It will produce up to 65,000 tons of cement annually, along with bricks and other construction materials, and “could be crucial to the development of the domestic economy,” said Harutyunyan in a statement after visiting the plant on September 19.

On the other side of the new line of control, meanwhile, even more ambitious construction – with estimates running to the tens of billions of dollars – is also underway.

In late August, Azerbaijan President Ilham Aliyev lay the foundation for the first of 25 buildings in a new residential district in the center of Shusha (which Armenians spell Shushi), set to house 2,020 people; the number of future residents symbolically reflecting the year of Azerbaijan’s victory.

That new development, and other housing in the region, is being supported by other major infrastructure projects that include the recently inaugurated international airport in the southern Fuzuli region.

On both sides of the line, the construction is being facilitated by the 2,000-strong Russian peacekeeping force. Azerbaijanis rely on occasional Russian military escorts to deliver construction supplies deep into their newly retaken territories, while the Russians provide a round-the-clock watch over the Lachin corridor that connects Karabakh with Armenia, the source of most of the territory’s building materials.

In the immediate aftermath of the war, the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations had shipped over 1,500 tons of humanitarian aid, including construction materials intended to “to restore the social infrastructure and housing stock” in the region, the ministry said. Later in the year, authorities in Karabakh had applied to the Russian government for 8,000 prefabricated homes, a number that has since been reduced to 1,000 and is pending approval from Moscow, Urban Development Minister Sargsyan told the Russian newspaper Kommersant in July.

For Lianna Petrosyan, 35, a theater teacher and editor of a local newspaper in Hadrut who fled to Yerevan after the city was taken by Azerbaijani forces, the construction of new housing is a welcome development.

Renting a small, 590-square-foot apartment in northeastern Yerevan, 75 percent of which was until recently subsidized by the Armenian government as part of hosting program for the displaced, Petrosyan told Eurasianet she is excited by the prospect of returning to Karabakh. “The first thing for us now is overcoming the psychological toll of knowing that some things will never be the same,” she said.

 

Gevorg Mnatsakanyan is a journalist based in Yerevan.