Newropeans Magazine
June 7 2005
Turkey legalizes the Denial of the Armenian Genocide – 2nd Part –
Written by Houry Mayissian
Tuesday, 07 June 2005
90 years have passed since Ottoman Turkey committed genocide against
its Christian Armenian subjects in 1915. Although several parliaments
have recognized the Armenian Genocide and many historians have
established that it is a historical fact, the Turkish government
still refuses to acknowledge it. It has, in the past 90 years,
implemented several methods to deny the genocide ever happened. The
latest of these measures was the recent criminalization of the
acknowledgement of the Armenian Genocide in the new Turkish Penal
Code, which took effect on June 1.
One of many Turkish Efforts to Deny the Genocide
Article 305 is one of the most recent moves in a campaign the Turkish
government has embarked upon to deny the Armenian Genocide. A
prominent historian on the Armenian Genocide, Richard Hovannisian,
has argued that during the years that followed the Armenian Genocide,
the strategy of the perpetrators of the Genocide and their successor,
the Turkish Republic, was `to avoid public discussion of the genocide
believing that in the course of time the survivors would pass from
the scene, their children would become acculturated and assimilated
in the Diaspora, and the issue would be forgotten.'(1) Hovannisian
has analyzed Turkish denial strategies and pointed out that one
often-used method is denial under the guise of historical debate. The
historian has examined in detail how the Turkish government attempts
to present a distorted version of historical realities.
Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erodgan’s proposal to Armenia for
setting up a joint committee of Armenian and Turkish historians, to
examine the issue, might be considered as the latest such effort. The
proposal was rejected by the Armenian government based on the premise
that historians have already made their statements on the Armenian
Genocide. Instead, Armenian president Robert Kocharian proposed steps
towards establishing diplomatic relations between the two
countries(2).
Another historian, Rouben Adalian, has talked about three lines of
arguments advanced by disputers of the Armenian Genocide: The denial
thesis `reverses the course of history and depict the victims as the
victimizers’, the revisionist thesis does not deny the fact, but
tries to explain them in a way as to dispute that genocide occurred,
the justification thesis defends `the policy of genocide by regarding
the policy as an acceptable solution to a political problem.’ (3)
Article 305 of the Turkish Penal Code is only one example of the
denialist policy of the Turkish Government. Its significance,
however, lies in the fact that it `legalizes’ such denial and
sanctions punishments against those who affirm the fact.
Reactions to article 305
The reactions to the article have not been many. Moreover, no
justification has been given by any Turkish official or the
government for the adoption of the article. The only explanation for
it is included in the article itself, which considers affirmation of
the Armenian Genocide to be against `national interests’.
First news about the existence of the article broke before the
adoption of the Penal Code, when the European Armenian Federation for
Justice and Democracy (EAFJD), a Brussels based lobby group, issued a
press release, warning that the new Turkish Penal Code would
criminalize affirmation of the Armenian Genocide and calling on the
`European Commission to end its silence in the face of Turkey’s
denial campaign.'(4) The federation warned that the article is
`fundamentally incompatible with the European values of free
expression and called on political parties, governments and human
rights organizations across Europe to urge the European Commission to
demand justice for the Armenian Genocide.
Nevertheless, the Penal Code was adopted and with it the article.
Press releases issued by the EAFJD, the Armenian National Committee
of America (ANCA), a US based lobby group, and a couple of
non-governmental organizations condemning the article, attested to
its adoption.
In early October 2004, the EAFJD issued a press release informing
that it has submitted to the European Commission a detailed report
about the strategy of the Turkish Government vis-à-vis Armenian
issues. The report had a `special focus on the recent adoption of
article 305 which criminalizes the affirmation of the Armenian
Genocide.'(5) The executive director of the federation warned in the
press release that `this attack on liberty clearly contradicts
accepted international laws dealing with freedom of speech,
specifically articles 10, 11 and 14 of the European Charter of
Fundamental Rights’.
(1) Hovannisian, R. G. (1999). Introduction. In R. G. Hovhannisian
(ed), Remembrance and Denial: The Case of the Armenian Genocide
(13-29). Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
(2) Danyelyan, E. and Melkumian, H. Kocharian rejects Turkish offer
of joint Genocide study. Retrieved 06-06-2005.
(3) Adalian, R. (1992). The Armenian Genocide: Revisionism and
Denial. In M.N. Dobkowski and I. Wallimann (ed), Genocide in Our
Time: An Annotated Bibliography with Analytical Introductions
(85-105). Michigan: The Pierian Press.
(4) The new Turkish Penal Code would criminalize recognition of the
Armenian Genocide. Retrieved 01-01-2005.
(5) EAFJD delivers report on Turkey to the European Commission.
Retrieved 06-10-2004.