Alternative Railway To Iran Is Necessity For Armenia, Member Of Arme

ALTERNATIVE RAILWAY TO IRAN IS NECESSITY FOR ARMENIA, MEMBER OF ARMENIAN PARLIAMENT THINKS

arminfo
2008-09-01 16:17:00

ArmInfo. The alternative railway to Iran is necessity for Armenia,
member of the Armenian parliament co-chair of Association of
Armenian-Georgian business cooperation Vladimir Badalyan told
journalists today.

He also added if Armenia builds a railway towards Iran, opening of the
Abkhazian sector of the railway, that connects Armenia and Georgia with
Russia, will become the next step of the republic in this direction.

‘Railway is a form of business and if railway communication with
Iran is opened with a potential of big volume cargo shipment, this
business will be also beneficial for Georgia’, – he said and added
that it is necessary to restore about 80 km of railway in Abkhazia
and this requires $250-300 mln.

UK Calls To Halt Talks On Russia’s Strategic Pact

UK CALLS TO HALT TALKS ON RUSSIA’S STRATEGIC PACT

PanARMENIAN.Net
01.09.2008 17:18 GMT+04:00

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ Britain called on the Union to suspend talks on
closer ties with Russia over the recent events in Georgia.

As European leaders gathered in Brussels for an emergency summit,
Britain, which is advocating a tough line on Russia, urged the EU to
put on hold talks on a new strategic pact.

"In light of Russia’s actions we should suspend negotiations on
a successor to the partnership and cooperation agreement," said a
spokesman for the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown.

However, imposition of sanctions against Russia is not on the
EU agenda, according to High Commissioner Javier Solana. The EU
summit will focus on three issues: economic assistance to Georgia,
possibility of increasing the number of European observers in the
conflict zone and the regional initiative by Turkey, Azerbaijan and
Armenia on establishment of peace in the Caucasus.

Each of 27 member countries will be offered a possibility to express
opinion during the 3-hour summit, siteua.org reports.

His Holiness Garegin II Congratulates Teachers And Students On Knowl

HIS HOLINESS GAREGIN II CONGRATULATES TEACHERS AND STUDENTS ON KNOWLEDGE DAY

armradio.am
01.09.2008 12:35

His Holiness Garegin II, Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All
Armenians, issued a congratulatory address on the occasion of the
Knowledge Day. The message says, in part:

"On the occasion of the Knowledge Day, from the Mother Seer of Holy
Etchmiadzin we bring our pontifical blessing and good wishes to the
workers of the sphere of education, devoted lecturers and teachers,
pupils and students.

The meaning of the Knowledge Day is bright and joyous, full of hope
for progress. The doors of hundreds of educational establishments
are opening today with this aspiration and optimism to educate our
children, to whom the future of our people, our country and Motherland
should be entrusted.

We wish a productive academic year, robust health and vigor to
the teachers and organizers of the educational process, as well as
educative spirit, bright mind and diligence to the students.

May Our Lord Jesus Christ keep you under his protection and guide
your steps, keep our Motherland and people in peace today and
forever. Amen."

Iran To Start Exporting Gas To Armenia By October 1st

IRAN TO START EXPORTING GAS TO ARMENIA BY OCTOBER 1ST

Payvand
Aug 29 2008
Iran

TEHRAN — Due to latest negotiations, Iran will start gas exports to
Armenia by Oct. 1st, head of the gas export operation office of the
National Iranian Gas Company (NIOC) said here on Wednesday.

"Last week Iran and Armenia held talks and studied the problems of
Iranian gas transfer to Armenia. During this negotiations Yerevan
declared its readiness to receive Iranian gas and export its
electricity to Iran," Rasoul Salmani added, PIN reported.

"Iran plans to annually export some 1.1 billion cubic meters of gas
to Armenia. In the first phase Iran will export less volume to Armenia
but will increase the export volume gradually," he explained.

"Iran will annually import 3.3 billion kw/h of electricity from
Armenia," Rasuli stated while adding that Armenia has not yet decided
about the export volume in the first phase.

The 100km Iranian section runs from Tabriz to the Iran-Armenia
border. The Armenian section runs from Meghri region to Sardarian.

Iran is expected to supply all of Armenia’s gas needs within the next
two years. The total outlay for the pipeline is about $28.2 million

A1+ – "Serge Sarkissian And Tigran Sarkissian Are Marionettes"

"SERZH SARKISSIAN AND TIGRAN SARKISSIAN ARE MARIONETTES"

A1+
[03:34 pm] 28 August, 2008

Today we evidenced one more protest action against state entities
in front of the Government building. It was held by residents of
Dalma gardens and "zone of alienation," young people struggling for
Teghut’s ecology system and parents of army servants who died during
military service.

Residents of disposed zone demanded to rehabilitate their property
rights, those struggling for Teghut wanted to cease deforestation
and make a new examination. The parents of dead servicemen parents
demanded to punish those guilty for their sons’ deaths.

Police officers seemed to have found a new means for getting protected
from protesters. They chained the Government building and allowed no
protester to come up to the building. Anyway, all their preventive
measures failed. Their mothers were shouting in tears: "Return our
sons, you killers". "The head of municipality buried his soul and
dignity under the Northern Avenue", "Zakharian, don’t steal, don’t
cheat us", "Two families have remained homeless for four years" These
were the main slogans on posters of disposed zone residents who were
whistling and shouting "Thief Zakharian".

By the way the court has already rejected the claim of three citizens
referring "the revocation of forcibly signed contract". One of
rejected claimers was the chairman of "Protection of Property Rights"
NGO Vachagan Hakobian.

"It was jut two months ago when President assigned Armen Gevorgian to
call for a new committee to review our cases, but since Armen Gevorgian
is a proprietor in the deal, he does nothing. Serzh Sarkissian and
Tigran Sarkissian are just marionettes. Everything is decided by
Kocharian," Vachagan Hakobian said to "A1+.

No Gold Medals For War, Occupation & Genocide

NO GOLD MEDALS FOR WAR, OCCUPATION & GENOCIDE
By Gideon Polya

MWC News

Aug 27 2008
Canada

Olympic Medal Tally Analyzed

The top dozen countries in terms of 5 or more Gold medals were the
host nation China (#1, 51 Gold medals), the US (#2, 36), Russia (#3,
23), the UK (#4; 19; the next Olympic host nation), Germany (#5,
16), Australia (#6, 14), South Korea (#7, 13), Japan (#8, 9), Italy
(#9, 8), France (#10, 7), Ukraine (#11, 7), the Netherlands (#12,
7), Jamaica (#13, 6), Spain (#14, 5) and Kenya (#15, 5).

The outcome of the Olympic Games as measured by the Olympic Medal
Tally of the marvellous athletes involved is heavily determined by
a number of major factors as briefly set out below.

1. Wealth i.e. how much countries invest in particular sports. This
is best illustrated the remarkable success of China (#1 for Gold
medals), as well as that of the US (#2), UK (#4) and Australia (#
6). China invested billions in the Olympic Games and both the UK (the
next host) and China made intelligent "investment decisions" that are
reflected in their Success. Australia did disproportionately well in
terms of population size due to its sports-mad culture and massive
investment in science-based sports training through the Australian
Institute of Sport.

2. Population i.e. the size of the genetic pool from which the athletes
are drawn. The biggest gene pools in the top dozen are those of China
(#1, 2005 population 1.3 billion), the US (#2, 300 million) and Russia
(#3, 140 million).

3. Population genetic factors. Thus West African or West
African-derived people (notably from the Caribbean and the Americas
e.g. Jamaica, #13) do very well at short-term endurance events such as
boxing and short-distance running while East African-derived people
(notably from Ethiopia and Kenya, #15) do very well at long-term
endurance events such as long distance running. However the bell-shaped
curve of "numbers" versus "attainment" for each country for particular
sports means that many other countries and regions can also deliver
athletics champions.

4. Sports culture and "cultural sport" are extremely important. Thus
Australia (#6) is sports-mad with a high level of participation. China
(#1) has stepped up participation in sports. As indicated under
population genetic factors above, particular populations go for what
they are good at (e.g. long-distance running for East Africans). While
most countries have joined the "World Game" of football (soccer),
the "top 15" at Beijing included 8 top football countries, namely
Russia (#3 in the Gold Medal Tally), the UK (#4), Germany (#5),
Italy (#9), France (#10), the Ukraine (#11), the Netherlands (#12)
and Spain (#14). Wrestling and weightlifting are major "cultural
sports" in a swathe of Middle East and Asian countries from Turkey
to Mongolia. In contrast, cricket was not an official Olympic event
but is an extremely important sport in the UK (#4) and Australia (#6)
as well as in countries not in the "top 15", notably India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, New Zealand, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka.

5. Serendipity was important in many event outcomes. Thus astonishing
baton-change failures by the Jamaican women and US men allowed lesser
competitors to gain medals. Some swimming events were decided by as
little as 0.01 second.

6. Socio-economic and geopolitical factors such as war, occupation,
devastation and genocide were extremely important. Thus of the "top
15" countries only China (#1), Jamaica (#13) and Kenya (#15) were
not involved in the invasion and occupation of other countries in the
21st century and Russia (#3) only recently invaded Georgia (and then
mostly withdrew) in response to genocidal, civilian targeting, US- and
Israeli-backed Georgian invasion of South Ossetia and destruction of
the South Ossetian capital Tskhinvali during the 2008 Beijing Olympic
Games. All 11 of the other "top 15" countries have been variously
involved in the ongoing Iraqi Genocide (post-invasion excess deaths
2 million, refugees 4.5 million) and/or the ongoing Afghan Genocide
(post-invasion excess deaths 3-6 million, 4 million refugees). In
contrast, lack of performance at the Beijing Olympics can be directly
related to colonial, neo-colonial or current devastation by imperialist
powers. Thus Occupied Afghanistan and Mauritius (which hosts the poor
people who were 100% ethnically cleansed from Diego Garcia by the UK
and the US) each won a Bronze medal but Occupied Iraq (soccer Asian Cup
winner in 2007), Occupied Haiti, Occupied Somalia, Occupied Palestine
and Pakistan (whose Waziristan villages are being bombed by the US)
gained no medals of any kind.

For a detailed breakdown of Beijing Olympics involvement by country
see here: for the latest on the Beijing Olympics medal tally –
subject to drug tests – see Yahoo.

The superb Beijing Olympics finished with China leading the World in
the Olympic medal tally (51 Gold, 100 Total) over the US (36, 110),
Russia (23, 72), the UK (19, 47), Germany (16, 41), Australia (14,
46), South Korea (13, 31), Japan (9, 25), Italy (8, 28), France (7,
40), the Ukraine (7, 27), Netherlands (7, 16), Jamaica (6, 11), Spain
(5, 18), Kenya (5, 14), Belarus (4, 19), Romania (4, 8), Ethiopia (4,
7), Canada (3, 18), Poland (3, 10), Hungary (3,10), Norway (3, 10),
Brazil (3, 15), Czech Republic (3, 6), Slovakia (3, 6), New Zealand
(3, 9), Georgia (3, 6), Cuba (2, 24), Kazakhstan (2, 13), Denmark (2,
7), Mongolia (2, 4), Thailand (2, 4), North Korea (2, 6), Argentina
(2, 6), Switzerland (2, 6), and Mexico (2, 3). I’ll call this Group
A – the group of countries that generally includes the top past
Olympics performers and all the countries we expect to score gold
medals because of national wealth and size (China, the US, the UK,
Germany, Japan, Italy, France and the Ukraine), wealth coupled with
keen sporting traditions (Australia, Netherlands, Spain, Belarus,
Romania, Canada, Poland, Hungary, Norway, Brazil, Czech Republic,
Slovakia, New Zealand, Argentina and Switzerland) and much poorer
countries with well-established track records in particular sports
that relate to the genetic predispositions of their populations
(e.g. Ethiopia and Kenya in long-distance running and Cuba and Jamaica
in short-distance running).

These successful countries were followed by a number of countries
(I’ll call this Group B) who only gained 1 gold medal, namely Turkey
(1 Gold, 8 Total), Zimbabwe (1, 4), Azerbaijan (1, 7), Uzbekistan (1,
6), Slovenia (1, 5), Bulgaria (1, 5), Indonesia (1, 5), Finland (1, 4),
Latvia (1, 3), Belgium (1, 2), Dominican Republic (1, 2), Estonia (1,
2), Portugal (1, 2), India (1, 2), and Iran (1, 2). Group B contains
many countries that don’t lead the world in general sporting prowess
but which are both very keen about and very good at particular sports
such as football (Turkey, Belgium, Portugal and Iran), weightlifting
and wrestling (Turkey and Iran) and cricket (Zimbabwe and India).

My Group C contains countries that obtained no Gold medals but which
nevertheless scored Bronze and/or Silver medals, namely Armenia (6
non-Gold medals), Sweden (5 non-Gold medals), Croatia (5), Lithuania
(5), Chinese Taipei (4), Greece (4), Nigeria (4), Austria (3), Ireland
(3), Serbia (3), Algeria (2), Bahamas (2), Trinidad and Tobago (2),
Colombia (2), Kyrgyzstan (2), Morocco (2), Tajikistan (2), Chile (1),
Ecuador, (1), Iceland (1), Malaysia (1), Netherlands Antilles (1),
Singapore (1), South Africa (1), Sudan (1), Vietnam (1), Afghanistan
(1), Egypt (1), Israel (1), Mauritius (1), Moldova (1), Venezuela
(1), and Togo (1).

Group C is similar to Group B in that it contains some countries with
well-known expertise in particular sports notably short-distance
running (Trinidad and Tobago, Nigeria, and Bahamas), long-distance
running (Algeria), tennis (Croatia, Serbia, Sweden, and Austria),
football (Sweden, Croatia, Serbia, Greece, Nigeria, Columbia),
weightlifting (Armenia), wrestling (Armenia, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan) and winter sports (Sweden and Austria).

Finally, my Group D contains countries who sent athletes to the
Beijing Olympics but which gained no medals at all, namely Albania,
American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Antigua/Barbuda, Aruba, Bangladesh,
Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei Darusallam, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African
Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cyprus,
Côte D’Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Djibouti, Dominica, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Fiji,
Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Iraq, Jordan, Kiribati, Kuwait,
Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg,
Macedonia (FYROM), Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall
Islands, Mauritania, Micronesia, Monaco, Montenegro, Mozambique,
Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Pakistan,
Palau, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Puerto Rico, Qatar, Rwanda, St Kitts/Nevis, Saint Lucia, St Vincent
and Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia,
Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Timor Leste, Tonga,
Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Vanuatu,
Virgin Islands, Yemen and Zambia.

All the Group D countries (with the exception of Peru and Saudi Arabia
and the tiny European principalities of Andorra, Liechtenstein,
Luxembourg, Monaco and San Marino) have been subject to European
colonial occupation and its horrendous consequences in the post-war
era.

For a detailed history of the US contribution to this carnage see
William Blum’s "Rogue State". For a detailed history and "body
count" of this horrendous burden of war, occupation, devastation
and genocide imposed by the "democratic Nazi" imperialist powers
since 1945 see "Body Count. Global avoidable mortality since 1905":
1990-2005 avoidable deaths (excess
deaths,deaths that should not have happened) in non-European countries
total 1.2 billion, this including a Muslim Holocaust involving 0.6
billion avoidable deaths.

It is useful to sum the 1950-2005 excess deaths in all the countries
occupied by foreign occupiers in the post-war era – country-by-country
analysis. Most of the perpetrators have been European countries and
are listed below alphabetically with both their number of Gold Medals
from the 2008 Beijing Olympics and their "body count" of 1990-2005
excess deaths in the countries they occupied as major occupiers for
some time in the post-war era (excluding Germany and Japan as occupied
countries): Australia (14 Gold, 2.1 million in Papua New Guinea and
Solomon Islands); Belgium (1 Gold, 36.0 million); Ethiopia (4 Gold,
1.8 million in Eritrea); France (7 Gold, 142.3 million); Indonesia
(1 Gold, 0.694 million in Timor Leste); Iraq (0 Gold, 0.1 million
in Kuwait); Israel (0 Gold, 23.9 million); Netherlands (7 Gold,
71.6 million); New Zealand (3 Gold, 0.04 million in Samoa); Pakistan
(0 Gold, 52.2 million in Bangladesh); Portugal (1 Gold, 23.5 million);
Russia (23 Gold, 37.1 million); South Africa (0.7 million in Namibia);
Spain (5 Gold, 8.6 million); Turkey (1 Gold, 0.05 million in Cyprus);
the UK (19 Gold, 727.4 million); and the US (36 Gold, 82.2 million).

For the record, neither China (51 Gold medals, Iran (1 Gold medal)
nor India (1 Gold medal) have occupied any other country over the
last few centuries.

If there were Gold Medals for War, Occupation and Genocide, the
leading Gold medallists scoring over 1 million on this 1990-2005 excess
mortality score would be, in descending order, the UK, France, the US,
Netherlands, Pakistan, Russia, Belgium, Israel, Portugal and Spain
… or if Gold, Silver and Bronze were given for "total body count"
the UK would get Gold, France the Silver and the US the Bronze.

Dr Gideon Polya, MWC News Chief political editor, published some
130 works in a 4 decade scientific career, most recently a huge
pharmacological reference text "Biochemical Targets of Plant Bioactive
Compounds" (CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, New York & London, 2003),
and is currently writing a book on global mortality —

–Boundary_(ID_CDW85mCTNiFvlcRK4bFrbA)–

http://mwcnews.net/content/view/24830/42
http://mwcnews.net/Gideon-Polya.

The British Embassy In Yerevan Will Fly The Olympic Handover Flag Fo

THE BRITISH EMBASSY IN YEREVAN WILL FLY THE OLYMPIC HANDOVER FLAG FOR SEVEN DAYS

arminfo
2008-08-25 19:55:00

ArmInfo. On Sunday August 24, London received the Olympic flag,
signalling the start of its reign as Olympic Host City.

The British Embassy in Yerevan report that the Olympic Handover Flag
was raised on 24th August across the UK and in its Overseas Missions
from Vancouver to Tokyo in an unprecedented gesture to celebrate the
moment when London becomes the next Summer Olympic Host City.

The British Embassy in Yerevan will fly the Olympic Handover Flag
for seven days. HMA Charles Lonsdale said:

"We congratulate the Armenian team on their achievements in winning
six medals in Beijing. This has been a fantastically successful
Olympics for British sport too. We look forward to welcoming Armenian
athletes in four years time, and wish them even more success in the
London Games."

Mayor of London Boris Johnson was symbolically handed the Olympic
flag by International Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge in
front of a worldwide audience estimated to be around 1.6 billion
at the closing ceremony of the Games in Beijing. Footballer David
Beckham, singer Leona Lewis and rock legend Jimmy Page led London’s
eight-minute performance during the closing ceremony.

In London, 40,000 people attended a celebration concert outside the
Queen’s residence, Buckingham Palace where giant screens beamed the
closing ceremony.

International Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge said:
"Athens was returning to the roots, to the country that invented the
Olympic Games.

China was the most populous country in the world. London is the
capital city of the country that has invented modern sport, that has
invented the rules of the sports, and the values of fair play. It is
a cosmopolitan, multi-ethnic and multi-religious city".

London will become the first city to stage the Olympics for a third
time.

The capital staged the Games in 1908 after Rome pulled out of hosting
the Olympics following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. In 1948, London
staged what became known as the Austerity Games following World War II.

"One Nation, One Culture" linking tool

Panorama.am
19:43 22/08/2008

`ONE NATION, ONE CULTURE’ LINKING TOOL

Today the chairwoman of the Foreign Ministry Committee on
Communication with Diaspora Hranush Hakobyan has received the artists
and the heads of different groups taking part in the third all
Armenian festival `One Nation, One Culture’, reported the press
service of the committee.

According to the source, H. Hakobyan greeted the guests and expressed
her gratitude towards their mission of growing youth abroad as
Armenians, for the mission of some kind of link between Armenia and
Diaspora. She ahs also presented the objectives and the mission of
establishing Ministry of Diaspora.

The guests have appreciated the idea of establishing such a ministry
and expressed their readiness to cooperate and find common solutions
to the problems.

Source: Panorama.am

BAKU: Soldier Of Azerbaijani Army Perished

SOLDIER OF AZERBAIJANI ARMY PERISHED

Trend News Agency
Aug 22 2008
Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan, Khachmaz, 22 August/ TrendNews, corr A. Gafarov/ The
soldier of the Azerbaijani Army perished as he was not careful while
using his service arm. Ilham Sardar oglu Ahmadov, 18, of Khudat city
of Azerbaijan serving in military unit in Goranboy region died of
the bullet wound in his eye.

Ahmadov was called up for military service by the Military Commissariat
of Khachmaz region in April 2008.

His body was brought to the morgue in Khachmaz region as his parents
were not at home.

The Defense Ministry of Azerbaijan confirmed the information. An
investigation has been launched into the fact.

Little Benefit In OSCE Mission: Georgia Minister

LITTLE BENEFIT IN OSCE MISSION: GEORGIA MINISTER
By Julian Hale

DefenseNews.com
Aug 21 2008

BRUSSELS – Georgian Foreign Minister Eka Tkeshelashvili has expressed
doubt that the immediate deployment of 20 military monitoring
officers to the areas adjacent to South Ossetia, as supported by
the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE),
will appreciably improve the environment.

"Russia was successful in restricting their mandate so that they will
have no opportunity to see what is going on in areas under Russian
control," said Tkeshelashvili to members of the European Parliament
at an extraordinary meeting of the Foreign Affairs Committee on
Aug. 20. She added that observers would therefore not have the
chance to see the destruction of villages and the ethnic cleansing
of Georgians that is being completed.

Land Warfare She said that bridges had been blown up or mined
and that there would need to be an "extensive demining operation"
after the Russians had withdrawn. Painting a bleak picture of the
humanitarian situation in areas still under Russian control, she
said that in addition to scarcities of food and medicine, looting,
destruction of property and executions were ongoing.

Tkeshelashvili indicated that Russia’s naval blockade was still
fully in place and was having an impact not just on Georgia but on
Armenia, for which Georgia is a transit state. She said that Georgia
had suffered cyberattacks on the president’s Web site before and on
other government information spaces during the Russian incursion.

"This is not just a regional issue but an issue for the whole
of Europe," said Tkeshelashvili at a press conference after the
event. "Russia is reincarnating the notion of its sphere of influence
and challenging Europe with the aggressive action it has taken."

She was confident that Georgia would have a NATO Membership Action
Plan soon if not membership in an accelerated fashion.

She also said that there was "no sign of the withdrawal of Russian
forces from Georgia" and that Russia had in fact "enlarged the
territorial scope of its military operation."

Tkeshelashvili added that EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana has
clearly stated that Russian forces cannot be peacekeepers in a Georgia
that it has invaded. She and Solana had discussed the possibility of
an EU peacekeeping mission, she said.

The chairman of the European Parliament’s Foreign Affairs Committee,
Jacek Saryusz-Wolski, said that the European Parliament was planning
a debate in plenary in Strasbourg and was drafting a resolution on
the issue. He expected members to recommend to EU states that they
first send in observation forces and then peacekeeping forces.

Tkeshelashvili also denounced the Russian talk of thousands of
civilians having died in South Ossetia as "disinformation," referring
to Human Rights Watch figures in the hundreds.