Le sursaut des petits-enfants d’Ataturk

Le Monde, France
Juin 2 2007

Le sursaut des petits-enfants d’Atatürk

par Sophie Shihab

LE MONDE | 02.06.07 | 14h30

icolas Sarkozy a beau les confiner en Asie Mineure, quelque 2
millions de Turcs manifestent depuis avril dans le pays – y compris
sur sa rive européenne – pour montrer combien ils sont, et veulent
rester, laïques et modernes, c’est-à-dire européens. Y compris
lorsqu’ils entonnent leur slogan "Ni USA ni Union européenne", qui
les rapproche plus des altermondialistes du Vieux Continent que des
rigides nationalistes turcs, sollicités par l’armée, qui encadrent
leur mouvement. Drainant jeunes gens et jeunes filles en baskets et
cheveux au vent, ces manifestations, sans précédent par leur nature
et leur ampleur, ont fait apparaître une réalité occultée jusque-là,
du moins à l’étranger : la vive méfiance nourrie par ces Turcs du
"camp laïque" envers le parti "ex-islamiste" qui les gouverne depuis
quatre ans. L’AKP du premier ministre Tayyip Erdogan s’est converti
aux "valeurs universelles", à celles de l’UE, à l’économie globalisée
et même à l’alliance avec Israël, mais il reste soupçonné de vouloir
une islamisation rampante du pays.

Ces soupçons sont bien sûr attisés par ses rivaux politiques. Selon
beaucoup d’analystes, l’enjeu de la crise actuelle autour de la
présidence serait moins la religion que le partage du pouvoir, y
compris économique, entre les vieilles élites kémalistes et les
nouvelles, celles de l’AKP, qui domine au Parlement, tient le
gouvernement et le plus grand nombre de municipalités. Ce serait pour
préserver leur pré carré que les kémalistes, dont les militaires,
lancent des cris d’alarme sur le "danger sans précédent" qui
menacerait la République si un membre de l’AKP doté d’une épouse
voilée était élu à la présidence. Ce qui est sûr est que, dans ce
cas, l’armée perdrait le pouvoir "en dernière instance" qu’elle
détient toujours, plus en sous-main que légalement. Car c’est le
président – jusqu’ici un laïque pur et dur qui a bloqué moult
initiatives du gouvernement Erdogan – qui a le droit de nomination
aux postes-clefs de l’administration, de la magistrature, mais aussi
de l’armée. D’où l’opposition farouche de ses généraux, investis de
la charge de "garantir" le maintien de la "République laïque" depuis
qu’ils ont eux-mêmes inscrit ce devoir dans les lois qui découlent
des Constitutions rédigées dans la foulée de leurs coups d’Etat
successifs.

Mais ces cris d’alarme toucheraient peu la majorité de la population,
celle des banlieues et des provinces profondes, où les femmes sortent
la tête couverte, celle qui ne manifeste pas et attend de prendre sa
revanche dans les urnes, en pensant que l’AKP, plus à son image,
saura mieux lutter contre le chômage et la corruption. Selon le
centre d’études financé notamment par Soros Tesev, moins d’un quart
des Turcs estimaient en 2006 que la laïcité est réellement en danger
en Turquie. Les plus pauvres n’étant que 12 % à le craindre, contre
près de 40 % chez les plus riches et les plus instruits.

Nul ne sait comment va se traduire dans l’opinion la dramatisation
survenue en avril, avec l’annonce de la candidature d’Abdullah Gül,
le bras droit de Tayyip Erdogan, à la présidence, suivie du coup
d’arrêt peu démocratique porté à cette candidature par l’armée,
intervention camouflée sous celle de la justice. Les élections
législatives du 22 juillet, avancées de quatre mois pour calmer la
crise, pourraient faire perdre des voix à l’AKP, qui aurait à
composer avec un autre parti pour former le gouvernement. Le nouveau
Parlement pourrait élire un président de compromis, et la crise
serait, sinon résolue, du moins reportée. Mais si le parti d’Erdogan,
perçu comme résistant à l’arbitraire des kémalistes, devait regagner
le soutien perdu par effet d’usure, la crise pourrait repartir de
plus belle. Comment réagirait l’état-major si l’AKP réinsistait pour
porter à la présidence un des siens, doté d’une épouse à foulard, par
un vote au Parlement ou au suffrage universel ?

Selon un sondage publié par l’hebdomadaire Tempo, 39 % des Turcs
auraient approuvé l’intervention de l’armée du 27 avril, qui avait
pris la forme bénigne d’un texte publié sur son site Internet. Ce
pourcentage monterait à 52 % chez les sondés d’un niveau
universitaire. Mais, au total, 43 % s’en seraient indignés. Et les
militaires savent qu’une intervention ouverte serait non seulement
condamnée chez eux et à l’étranger, mais provoquerait une fuite de
l’"argent chaud" qui reste crucial pour l’économie turque.

TENDANCES RIVALES

Le climat s’est encore tendu, fin mai, avec l’irruption de la
récurrente crise kurde dans la campagne électorale, notamment à la
suite de l’attentat d’Ankara. Et des intellectuels honnis des
ultranationalistes sont toujours flanqués de gardes du corps depuis
l’assassinat, en janvier, du journaliste arménien Hrant Dink. Comme
prévu, l’enquête sur cette affaire est bloquée, comme sur les autres
crimes non élucidés liés à la montée du nationalisme. Et l’armée a
relancé son offensive du printemps contre la guérilla kurde à la
frontière de l’Irak, menaçant plus que jamais de la poursuivre dans
ce pays.

Parmi les analystes turcs, les pessimistes prêtent de sombres plans
aux généraux pour peu que ceux-ci estiment le pays en danger de
tomber entièrement dans l’escarcelle de l’AKP. Les optimistes se
réfèrent à la façon d’agir des militaires depuis leur premier coup
d’Etat "virtuel", sans chars dans les rues, celui de 1997 qui a
entraîné le mouvement d’aggiornamento de l’islamisme turc et la
naissance de l’AKP : n’agir que si la société ne se défend pas seule.
Or la société, moins polarisée que ses représentants et avide de
compromis, se défend de mieux en mieux.

Il est vrai que les "laïques" qui ont manifesté, et se voient comme
"une majorité silencieuse qui se réveille", sont en réalité
minoritaires. De plus, leur mouvement a été conçu et organisé par les
militaires sous couvert d’associations civiles comme celle de la
Pensée d’Atatürk, dirigée par un général putschiste à la retraite.
Mais ces manifestations ont fini par déborder d’enthousiasme
spontané, et l’AKP l’a bien senti, plaçant ses premiers meetings
préélectoraux sous la bannière du drapeau turc, signe de ralliement
des laïques.

L’AKP est formé de tendances rivales, dont l’une jouerait toujours le
jeu islamiste. Mais ses principaux dirigeants ne se laissent pas
provoquer. Ils modèrent ceux de leurs cadres locaux à la pratique
moins dégrossie, qui effraie les laïques. Nul ne le ferait mieux à
leur place, surtout pas l’armée, et sa haute hiérarchie le sait
aussi. Même si l’hypothèque militaire pèse toujours sur la démocratie
turque, c’est un compromis, unique au sein du monde musulman, qui
continuerait à mûrir dans ce pays entre "autoritarisme laïque" et
"démocratie islamique".

Sophie Shihab

Lebanese Amb: Envoy – Lebanon Maintains Neutrality In Karabakh Confl

ENVOY – LEBANON MAINTAINS NEUTRALITY IN KARABAKH CONFLICT

Mediamax News Agency, Armenia
June 1 2007

Yerevan, 1 June: Lebanon maintains neutrality in the Nagornyy Karabakh
conflict settlement, Lebanese ambassador to Armenia Jibra’il Ji’arah
told a news conference today [1 June].

Asked about the participation of Turkish servicemen in the peacekeeping
mission in Lebanon, he experssed confidence that "Turkish servicemen
are carrying out only a peacekeeping mission and do not pose a threat
to Lebanese Armenians".

He added that "not a single Armenian has suffered during the entire
period of the military operations between Lebanon and Israel".

"I have always said that God protects Lebanese Armenians," he said.

Nagorno Karabakh Is Not An Urgent Issue In Lebanon’s Foreign Policy

NAGORNO KARABAKH IS NOT AN URGENT ISSUE IN LEBANON’S FOREIGN POLICY

ArmRadio.am
01.06.2007 15:14

Lebanon remains neutral during all discussions of the Karabakh issue in
the UN and other international structures. The Ambassador Extraordinary
and Plenipotentiary of Lebanon to Armenia Gabriel Jiara said at a
press conference today that Nagorno Karabakh is not an urgent issue
in Lebanon’s foreign policy.

Gabriel Jiara reminded that both Azerbaijan and Lebanon are members
of the Islamic League.

Speaking about Armenian-Lebanese relations, the Ambassador
characterized these as warm and friendly. The economic ties are not
developing intensively because of the geographical location of the two
countries, the difficulty of transport communication. Islamic League
assured, however, that there are many Lebanese companies wishing to
make investments in Armenia’s economy.

On The Days of Dink Funeral A Hotel Was Sold in Armenia For A Song

ON THE DAYS OF FUNERAL OF DINK A HOTEL WAS SOLD IN ARMENIA FOR A SONG

Lragir.am
24-05-2007 16:46:27

The ex-prime minister of Armenia Hrant Bagratyan made a sensational
statement to reporters on May 24. He said on the days when people went
on protest in Turkey against the murder of Hrant Dink, and in Armenia
the Armenians held a mourning march to the memorial to the victims of
the Genocide, on the same day the Armenian government adopted a
decision on privatization of a hotel.

According to the draft decision extended to the government, the price
was 900 million drams but eventually the government decided to sell
the hotel for 700 million drams, Bagratyan says. `The decision was
extended to the president administration which ratifies the decisions
of government, set the price at 96 million drams. For 12 thousand
square meters,’ says Hrant Bagratyan. In answer to the question what
it has to do with Hrant Dink, Hrant Bagratyan said `it was privatized
by one of the organizers of the meeting.’

Kerkorian May Sell Casino Empire

KERKORIAN MAY SELL CASINO EMPIRE

The Calgary Herald (Alberta)
May 23, 2007 Wednesday
Final Edition

Shares of MGM Mirage rose the most ever on speculation Kirk Kerkorian
may sell his majority stake after the billionaire investor said
Tuesday he’ll consider alternatives for the investment.

Kerkorian’s Tracinda Corp. may split up MGM or turn it into a real
estate investment trust, Steven Kent, an analyst at Goldman, Sachs &
Co., told investors in a note. Shares of the world’s second-largest
casino company soared $17.03, or 27 per cent, to $79.98 on the New
York Stock Exchange.

"Everything is on the table," Kent said.

Tracinda, Kerkorian’s holding company, said Monday it intends to
negotiate the purchase of two Las Vegas Strip properties, the Bellagio
Hotel & Casino and the planned CityCenter complex. Tracinda is also
studying options including a "financial restructuring" for the rest
of the company.

"He has a history of buying and selling inside MGM Mirage, and it’s
been to everyone’s benefit," said Dan Ahrens, fund manager of Ladenburg
Thalman Gaming and Casino Fund in Dallas, which owns MGM shares. "A
lot of people have been saying that MGM was undervalued."

The 89-year-old Kerkorian, the son of an Armenian immigrant
rancher in California’s San Joaquin Valley, has bought and sold the
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. movie studio three times since 1970. He
founded the MGM Grand Inc. casino company in the 1980s and acquired
Mirage Resorts Inc. in 2000 for $6.4 billion US.

Buyout firms might be attracted to MGM’s real estate and cash flow,
analysts said. Last year, Apollo Management and TPG Inc. agreed to
buy Harrah’s Entertainment Inc. for $17.1 billion. Las Vegas real
estate prices are soaring, with one property, the New Frontier &
Hotel, selling for almost $35 million an acre last week.

MGM’s net income increased 46 per cent in 2006 to $648 million, led
by a 17 per cent jump in revenue. Its stock price has gained eight
straight years.

It has 10 casinos on the Las Vegas Strip, including the Luxor and
Mandalay Bay.

Shadows And Doubts Surround Ankara’s Suicide Bombing

SHADOWS AND DOUBTS SURROUND ANKARA’S SUICIDE BOMBING
by Mavi Zambak

Asia News, Italy
May 24 2007

Accusations against the PKK followed a little too quickly and the
terrorist vehemently group denies involvement. The attack comes after
a spate of violence which seems bent on derailing the reform process
which the country is struggling to implement.

Ankara (AsiaNews) – Gunes Akkus, a twenty eight year old from Sivas,
with a criminal record for involvement in clashes with police in
Istanbul dating to May 1996. A militant member of the illegal Turkish
communist revolutionary party (TIKB). His family believed him resident
in Holland these last nine years since his relapse from prison. This
is the suicide bomber who blew himself up on Tuesday evening in the
grand bazaar in the commercial heart of Ankara’s historic centre.

A short distance away from this five story building the defence
industries annual International Expo is underway. On the very evening
of the explosion, numerous top ranking foreign military officials
were to have taken part in an inaugurating cocktail party.

A violent explosion, shattered windows, six dead and hundreds injured,
followed by the immediate intervention of the Chief of Staff Yasar
Buyukanit who, with one glance at the devastation announces that
it was a professional job, provoked by a sophisticated devise with
high explosive potential. A few hours later the bomb squad announce
the discovery of traces of A-4 plastic explosive, commonly used by
PKK terrorists, giving rise to the first instances of suspicion that
the Kurdish Workers Party were also behind this latest violence. The
terrorist separatists headed by Ocalan – currently held in prison on
an island in the Marmara sea – has killed over 30 thousand people in
their campaign of violence which reaches back to 1984.

Yesterday, however, this party vehemently denied all involvement
in the suicide attack which targeted ordinary citizens: a young man
who was at the bazaar to buy his weeding suit, a nineteen year old
who was taking a last wander around the centre before leaving for
military service, a shop assistant who supported her family on her
wage, the owner of a watch shop…..

"We have no involvement in the Ankara attack", stated the separatist
group in a declaration published by the Firat ("Eufrate") news agency.

Is there reason to doubt this?

Thus the question pends regarding the identity of the true authors of
this vicious and cruel attack, which could have been truly ferocious
had the target been, as many believe, the International Weapons Fair
and had Gunes detonated his devise before he panicked at the sight
off a policeman coming towards him.

Who provided the explosive, what motivated this young man to such an
act, remains a mystery. What is certain is that the Kurds remain as
always the scapegoat. And today the daily Gunes published right across
its front page the title: "PKK, this is what you are" describing the
daily existence of the explosions’ victims.

While unfortunately in this country violent methods are becoming more
commonly used by all groups: the secular groups, the Islamic groups,
the PKK, the "grey wolves" and the "Hezbollah". A worrying symptom:
despite efforts towards concrete democratic reform, violent methods
have not stopped, the even seem to have taken on new forms to target
and indeed impede this very process of reform (bombs against Istanbul’s
synagogue in 2003, the murder of Christians, murder in court, murder
of journalists and threats to free thinkers).

In Turkey a social transformation is underway to modify the traditional
relationships between army, state and society. The institutional
authority is in crises and there are sectors of society which are
really losing there status and fear losing their power in a more
competitive, emancipated, freer society, thus these sectors of society
are trying to legitimatize there resistance to change by condemning
the loss of the secular states and by grabbing on to conservative
and authoritarian positions.

In recent weeks we have witnessed the military’s threats to intervene
in the face of Turkey’s political crises. Already in the past the
ranger of communism was used to legitimize armed intervention in
Turkish society, there has long been opposition to the Kurdish
separatist threat, despite the fact that the Kurds have repeatedly
sought a platform for dialogue towards a peaceful solution to the
complex "question".

The question as to who the next victims would be has long abounded:
and now we have the bitter answer, the nation’s secular sphere,
the ordinary and defenceless.

An unsettling interrogative is now being raised: if as reported by
Sabah newspaper, that threats of violence against tourist resorts,
shopping centres and buses first reached the ears of authorities
over two and a half months ago; if it is true that over the last two
months police have sequestered over 200 kilogram’s of explosives in
a series of raids on PKK; seeing that the bazaar is at such a close
proximity to the international armaments fair, thus a risk area, why
then was this attack not foreseen by security forces, as was the case
in Adana were they claim to have stopped a 31 year old women carrying
11 kilos of explosives in her bag?

All attention is now focused on the Kurdish separatists, but is
it not perhaps more opportune to turn our thoughts to the State
within the State? That labyrinth of connections between the security
establishment, nationalists and the world of organized crime dedicated
to destabilizing the nation in order to divide the government,
military and people and thus smash the delicate equilibrium brought
about under great strain by the process for democratic reform, with
terrorist violence which can reach a foreign Catholic priest or the
historic bastion of kemalist secularism, the daily "Cumhurriyet"
(Repubblic) with equal ease; which can kill a high court judge for
having confirmed a ban on the veil, explode a bomb among Kurdish
pacifists or in the beating heart of the capital, or kill an Armenian
journalist or protestant missionary. It is not by chance that these
are events which raise tension levels and insinuate doubts regarding
the governments ability to maintain the secular nature of the state,
which seem to once again legitimize the (re) militarization of Turkish
politics, in order to guarantee public security, without any attempts
to try other more democratic avenues or broader horizons.

Summer Schedule Of Yerevan’s Water Supply To Be Improved By 45%

SUMMER SCHEDULE OF YEREVAN’S WATER SUPPLY TO BE IMPROVED BY 45%

Noyan Tapan
May 23 2007

YEREVAN, MAY 23, NOYAN TAPAN. Over the past year, Yerevan Water
company has purchased materials and equipment of 470 mln drams (about
13 mln USD) with the aim of improving its services. Director general
of the company Serge Popoff said at the May 22 press conference that
in particular, two pieces of equipment have been installed to reveal
invisible water losses. Thanks to the one istalled in Kanaker-Zeytun
district, 82 water loss causing flows were found, as a result of
which 75-80 liters per second was saved.

S. Popoff noted that this year the summer schedule of water supply
in the city will be improved by 45% as compared with last year.

The company has 320 thousand users, 15% of whom have not had their
water meters installed.

Tigran Torosian To Attend PACE Meeting In Serbia

TIGRAN TOROSIAN TO ATTEND PACE MEETING IN SERBIA

ARMENPRESS
May 22 2007

YEREVAN, MAY 22, ARMENPRESS: Tigran Torosian, who is still chairman
of the Armenian parliament and head of Armenian delegation to the
parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) will be
in Belgrade, Serbia, on May 23-24 to attend a meeting of PACE’s
permanent committee.

The press office of the Armenian parliament said the permanent
committee will discuss, among other things, the unresolved conflicts
in the South Caucasus and a report by PACE on Armenian parliamentary
elections on May 12.

BAKU: Azeri Authorities May Bring Fresh Charges Against Outspoken Ed

AZERI AUTHORITIES MAY BRING FRESH CHARGES AGAINST OUTSPOKEN EDITOR – AGENCY

Turan news agency
22 May 07

Baku, 22 May: The National Security Ministry has been searching the
apartment of [jailed opposition editor] Eynulla Fatullayev and the
office of Realnyy Azerbaydzhan newspaper since 1200 [0700 gmt].

It is unclear what has prompted the search. A search warrant from a
court has been presented to employees of the newspaper.

Strangely, the search is being carried out by the National Security
Ministry, which has not been involved in Fatullayev’s case. This
leads us to conclude that the authorities are planning to bring fresh
charges against the Realnyy Azerbaydzhan editor-in-chief, who is now
in custody.

One of the previous charges leveled against Fatullayev was that he
visited Armenia several times. During the trial, he was accused of
collaborating with Armenians. To all appearances, the authorities
have decided to find "evidence" of this collaboration. Ordinary
correspondence via the Internet, chats or forums could be "proof"
of this.

Fatullayev was sentenced to 30 months in prison on 20 April 2007 for
his remarks in an Internet forum.

NKR: Meeting With Representatives Of NKR NGO’s

MEETING WITH REPRESENTATIVES OF NKR NGO’S
Evika Babayan.

Azat Artsakh Daily, Republic of Nagorno Karabakh [NKR]
21 May 07

On May 17 the German delegation visiting Stepanakert met with the
representatives of the Nagorno-Karabakh NGOs. The German delegation
included Eckhart Strattenschulte, director of the European Academy of
Berlin, member of Bundestag Marcus Gisekke, reporter of the Berliner
Zeitung Franck Gerald, reporter of Deutch Radio Hermut Jenerian,
lawyer and entrepreneur Jurgen Schmidt, Jirair Kocharian from the Open
University of Berlin, and Gayane Apinian from the Union of Friends of
Arsakh NGO. From Karabakh Robert Bagrian (Union of Azatamartiks of
Artsakh), Irina Grigorian (Resource Center of Stepanakert), Karine
Ohanian (Young Democrats), Sarasar Sarian (Union of Refugees from
Azerbaijan), Taron Hakobian (Rebirth of Homeland), Galina Somova
(Russian (Slavic) Community), Yervand Hajian (Generation of Haik),
Vera Grigorian (Union of Families of Missing Azatamartiks), Naira
Hayrumyan (Yerevan Press Club) participated.

Janna Krikorova, the secretary general of the NKR Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, said the establishment of the civil society in Karabakh is
still underway due to the national liberation movement, the war, the
consequences of the war, the unrecognized state. All these conditions
hindered collaboration between NKR and different organizations. The
development of the public sector depends on the financial support
of international organizations, but the international donors
refuse to collaborate with the organizations of an unrecognized
country. Ms. Krikorova said particularly efforts were made to
collaborate with Friedrich Ebert and Heinrich Boll foundations,
but collaboration was stopped due to the protests of the Azerbaijani
side. And this is not the first case.

Fortunately, according to Janna Krikorova, recently the
non-governmental organizations have become more active, besides,
the government launched a grant project for these organizations. The
guests mentioned in answer that they visit Karabakh to learn about the
country, people, their life, customs, and problems. They asserted that
the building of democracy depends on the development of the public
sector. The first question of the German delegation was addressed
to Galina Somova. They wanted to know about the state of the rights
of ethnic minorities in Nagorno-Karabakh. Ms. Somova, as well as the
other representatives of NGOs offered facts and arguments showing that
the rights of the ethnic minorities in Karabakh are not violated,
and they are supported by both the government and the society. The
second question of the delegation was the issue of refugees. Namely,
Eckhart Strattenshulte wanted to know about the thoughts of the NGOs
if the society is ready to accept refugees from Azerbaijan.

The representatives of the Karabakh NGOs said the question itself is
violation of human rights, particularly the rights of the Armenian
refugees. "Why do the international organizations focus on the problem
of Azerbaijani refugees and ignore the Armenian refugees? Meanwhile,
over 500 thousand Armenian refugees were displaced from Azerbaijan
and spread all over the world?" said the representatives of the
Artsakh-based NGOs. The issue of hostages and POWs, as well as the
opportunities for German and Karabakh collaboration were discussed.