Book Review: An Armenian Sketchbook Full Of Endearing Vignettes

BOOK REVIEW: AN ARMENIAN SKETCHBOOK FULL OF ENDEARING VIGNETTES

The National, UAE
Aug 3 2013

Noori Passela
Aug 3, 2013

An Armenian Sketchbook
Vasily Grossman
Translated by Robert and Elizabeth Chandler
MacLehose Press

The year 1961 finds the Soviet writer and journalist Vasily Grossman
on a train to Yerevan, Armenia. Mentally and spiritually exhausted
from the KGB’s seizure of his novel Life and Fate, Grossman spends
two months editing a Russian translation of a long Armenian novel,
glad of the opportunity to travel to the country.

However, as seen through the series of vignettes which form the whole
of An Armenian Sketchbook, Grossman is a writer who takes detours
parallel to the work of translating a scene from one culture to
another. His first day in Yerevan is spent wandering about in dazed
panic through the many colourful courtyards that form the maze of
the city’s inner sanctum. As he gradually adjusts to the sights and
sensations of a simpler life, its effects linger on in the warmth
with which he later recalls them.

There is many a poignant tale to be told in Grossman’s brief sojourn.

Like the characters that fill its pages, An Armenian Sketchbook is
enigmatic and endearing.

http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/books/book-review-an-armenian-sketchbook-full-of-endearing-vignettes

Reports Show Minorities In Turkey Tagged By ‘Race Codes,’ Official D

REPORTS SHOW MINORITIES IN TURKEY TAGGED BY ‘RACE CODES,’ OFFICIAL DOCUMENT REVEALS

Balkans.com Business News
Aug 2 2013

Balkans.com Business News Correspondent – 02.08.2013

An official document penned by the Istanbul Provincial Education
Directorate has surfaced, revealing that Turkey’s population
administration system has been recording citizens who have Armenian,
Jewish or Anatolian Greek (Rum) origins with secret “race codes.”

The Armenian-Turkish weekly newspaper Agos published as its headline
story on Aug. 1 a report on an official document that openly states
“citizens with Armenian origin are coded with ‘2.’” The implementation
is reported to have been in place since 1923, the foundation year of
the Turkish Republic.

A Turkish citizen’s mother whose origin is Armenian requested to
register her child at an Armenian kindergarden, but the school
responded by asking her to prove she had the “2 code” in order to
check that she had not changed religion, according to the document. In
Turkey, only minority communities’ members can register their children
at minority schools, according to the education law.

The document, sent from the Istanbul Provincial Education Directorate
to the Å~^iÅ~_li District National Education office, stated that “since
1923, the secret code of Armenians is ‘2’ on identity registration
certificates,” according to the Agos report.

“Since 1923, identity registration certificates have a secret ‘race
code,'” the document added.

The family’s lawyer, İsmail Cem Halavurt, said the struggle to
register children at the Armenian kindergarden was still continuing.

“We are now waiting for an official document saying, ‘Yes, your race
code is 2, you can register at an Armenian school,'” Halavurt told
the Agos.

Interior Ministry officials were not available for comment when
approached by the Hurriyet Daily News, and referred reporters to the
Directorate General for Population and Citizenship Affairs, which is
a body working under their own ministry.

An official from the population administration told daily Radikal
that the practice was being conducted “to allow minority groups use
their rights stemming the Lausanne Treaty,” signed between Turkey
and Western countries, which led to the establishment of the modern
Turkish Republic.

As part of the practice, Greeks were coded 1, Armenians were coded
2, and Jews were coded 3. Other minorities or groups are not coded,
the official told daily Radikal.

While there was no immediate official response to the report,
opposition parties’ lawmakers harshly criticized the alleged document.

“If this is true, it is fatal. It must be examined. I will bring this
onto Parliament’s agenda,” Sezgin Tanrıkulu, deputy head of the
main opposition Republican People’s Party (CHP), told the Hurriyet
Daily News.

Altan Tan, a deputy of the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), stated
that there had long been such allegations, but they were always denied
by the authorities. Tan urged Interior Minister Muammer Guler to make
a statement on the issue.

“If there is such a thing going on, it is a big disaster. The state
illegally profiling its own citizens based on ethnicity and religion,
and doing this secretly, is a big catastrophe,” Tan said.

http://www.balkans.com/open-news.php?uniquenumber=179713

ANKARA: Turkey Sends Note To Armenia Condemning Shooting Of Shepherd

TURKEY SENDS NOTE TO ARMENIA CONDEMNING SHOOTING OF SHEPHERD

Hurriyet Daily News, Turkey
Aug 2 2013

ANKARA – Hurriyet Daily News
Sevil Kucukkoþum Erkuþ

The Turkish Foreign Ministry has sent a diplomatic note to Yerevan
condemning Armenia for using “disproportionate force” after a shepherd
was shot dead by soldiers patrolling the sealed border.

The note, sent through Turkey’s embassy in Tbilisi as Ankara has no
diplomatic ties with Armenia, explained how and why the Turkish
national had illegally crossed into Armenia, and demanded an
explanation for why “disproportionate force” was used to kill him.

The 35-year-old shepherd, Mustafa Ulker, crossed over to the Armenian
side of the border to retrieve a lost sheep and was shot dead by
Armenian soldiers patrolling the border, Kars Governor Eyup Tepe said
on Aug. 1.

Turkey closed its border with Armenia in 1993 in solidarity
with Azerbaijan, after Armenia occupied Azerbaijani lands in the
Nagorno-Karabakh War.

August/02/2013

http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-sends-note-to-armenia-condemning-shooting-of-shepherd-.aspx?pageID=238&nID=51888&NewsCatID=338

Consul General Of Azerbaijan In Los Angeles Confronted For His Misre

CONSUL GENERAL OF AZERBAIJAN IN LOS ANGELES CONFRONTED FOR HIS MISREPRESENTATIONS ON ARMENIA AND ARTSAKH

– AUGUST 1, 2013
By Appo K. Jabarian
Executive Publisher / Managing Editor
USA Armenian Life Magazine

August 1, 2013

During the last few years the Republic of Azerbaijan and its
diplomatic corps around the world have been intensifying their
misleading information campaign on Armenia, Armenians and Artsakh
(Karabakh) as well as other pressing issues such as the mistreatment
of minorities and opposition forces in Azerbaijan. Baku has also been
attempting to counter the political pressure mounted by increasingly
effective Armenian Diaspora.

Dictatorial Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev and his regime have
also resorted to carrying political propaganda under the cover of
a “cultural” program. During one such event the Consul General of
Azerbaijan in Los Angeles Mr. Nasimi Aghayev addressed an audience at
the Levantine Cultural Center in West Los Angeles, last Thursday. To
his and his facilitators’ dismay the Azerbaijani political objective
failed.

Devoted Armenian American and other American activists succeeded in not
letting the Azerbaijani official get away with his erroneous statements
on Armenia and Artsakh and other important issues. (Watch Video at:
!/photo.php?v=10200991795830136)

When representatives of the main organizers the International Visitors
Council of Los Angeles and Levantine Cultural Center of Los Angeles
interrupted and cut short a pre-announced 15-minute question and
answer session, audience members as well as this writer criticized
them for obstructing freedom of speech and normal dialog.

Upon completion of his Power Point presentation on his country, Mr.

Aghayev welcomed questions from the audience. I raised my hand and
became the first – and sadly the last person to ask a question. The
question was in two parts: “Hon. Consul General, you have talked about
the exclave and the enclave inside Azerbaijan and according to the
map (shown on the giant screen) you could see the exclave as being
– as you called it ‘Nakhichevan’ and the enclave that you called
‘Karabakh’ and Armenians call it ‘Artsakh.’ Armenians too call the
exclave ‘Nakhichevan’ which in Armenian, “Nakh-Itchevan” – I found
out, means “Primary Settlement.” (According to en.wikipedia.org, in
Armenian literally means “the place of descent”, a Biblical reference
to the descent of Noah’s Ark on the adjacent Mount Ararat.)

I added: “And I made some research in Azerbaijani language and I
found out that the word Nakhichevan has no meaning at all. It doesn’t
have roots. So I did further studies and I found that the 1918 free
and independent Republic of Azerbaijan did not include the exclave
of Nakhichevan and the enclave of Artsakh or Karabakh. I also found
out that in 1921 Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin – in order to appease
Azerbaijan, forcibly carved the exclave of Nakhichevan and enclave
of Artsakh out of the Armenian Republic. So how do you reconcile your
misrepresentations on the historic facts?”

In the second part of my question I asked: “Could you also elaborate
on the repressive treatment by the Republic of Azerbaijan of its Lezgi,
Talysh, Iranian, Kurdish and Yezidi minorities?”

Consul General Aghayev said: “So let’s start with your second
question. I am very much impressed that you are very concerned about
the situation of Lezgis, Kurds in Azerbaijan.” Abruptly changing the
topic he asked a totally unrelated question: “But let me ask you,
‘have you been to Armenia?'”

I answered: “Yes I have.” He asked another diversionary question:
“Have you seen anyone except for Armenians in Armenia?” I underlined:
“I have!”

Then directing his remarks to the audience Mr. Aghayev claimed:
“Armenia is one of the rare countries in the world where the 99%
of the population are Armenians.”

I rebutted: “That’s not true. There are sizable Jewish (and other
ethnic, namely Yezidi, Assyrian and Kurdish) population(s) in Armenia.”

At that moment Mr. Aghayev blurted “Oh really! So there is a sizable
Jewish community in Armenia!” and sat down refusing to further continue
the discussion.

At that moment a lady representing co-organizer the International
Visitors Council of Los Angeles jumped in and declared “I know there
is a lot of political concerns that are going on here but that’s not
what we’re here for tonight so that’ll be the end of the discussion.

The Consulate staff members applauded very hard with a sigh of relief.

She was backed by a male representative of the second organizer the
Levantine Cultural Center “advising” to stay clear of politics.

In response, I stressed: “But before inviting them you might want
to give your guests clear guidelines not to present packs of lies
to unsuspecting Los Angelinos.” A great number of audience members
applauded in a strong sign of approval.

Consul General Aghayev stood up again to deny Azerbaijan’s mistreatment
of its minorities. He also denied Soviet dictator Stalin’s forcible
carving of Nakhichevan and Artsakh (out of 1918-1920 Republic of
Armenia.

And then toning down his remarks he sounded reconciliatory saying:
“Again, Armenians and Azerbaijanis have lived peacefully for
centuries. Believe me, we could do it again. We can reestablish this
dialogue. … We should try to find moments that unite us. And you,
Armenians are not going to go away – unless the government there,
through its policies, depopulates Armenia … It can happen which I
don’t wish. … Armenians are not going to leave the region. We’re
not going to leave the region. We’ll stay there. And we have to find
a common language how to solve our problems.”

In an effort to cancel the 15 minute question and answer session
lady organizer said “I think there is going to be no point to these
questions and we have something much more enjoyable to present,”
moving to start the last segment of the program – presentation of
folkloric music and Mediterranean food.

At that moment an Armenian activist Irena Varjabedian interjected
criticizing the abrupt cancellation of the 15-minute question and
answers session. Also participating were Bedros Hajian of Armenian
Media Group of America and Harout Bronozian of Veratarts TV along
with others.

A visitor of Levantine Cultural Center’s webpage featuring the event
may have an impression that this is merely a cultural event. But
further scrutiny would reveal the real political agenda hidden in a
maze of cultural literature and portraits of musicians.

There were barely 40 people present with at least 5 being Azerbaijan
consulate staffers. To the surprise of the organizers, around 15
were pro-Armenian activists who had come prepared to ask questions
touching upon such issues as:

– Azerbaijan’s Dismal human rights record reflecting dictatorial
President Ilham Aliyev and his regime’s repressive behavior against
own citizens;

– State-organized suppression of the identity of various minorities
in Azerbaijan, such as Armenians, Lezgis, Iranians, Udis, Georgians
(Ingiloys); Talyshs, Assyrians, Kurds, and Yezidis;

– Continued occupation of Armenian lands in Nakhichevan, and Northern
Artsakh’s Shahumian region;

– Azerbaijan’s belligerence against the self-determined population
of Armenian Republic of Artsakh (Karabagh);

Even though the question and answer session was cut short, Armenian
Americans have numerous coming opportunities to press ahead with
their questions.

Activists have enough human resources to confront Azerbaijani officials
on their misrepresentations of facts affecting their country and
the Caucasus region; and to mount a rapid response task force to
counter Baku’s ongoing campaign to spread false information on all
fronts – public events; the print and electronic media; legislatures
and academia.

https://www.facebook.com/bedros.hajian?ref=tn_tnmn#
http://www.armenianlife.com/2013/08/01/consul-general-of-azerbaijan-in-los-angeles-confronted-for-his-misrepresentations-on-armenia-and-artsakh/

Armenia’s Foreign Ministry Expresses Regret Over Border Incident Wit

ARMENIA’S FOREIGN MINISTRY EXPRESSES REGRET OVER BORDER INCIDENT WITH TURKISH SHEPHERD’S DEATH

YEREVAN, August 2. /ARKA/. Armenia’s foreign ministry expressed
today regret over the border incident, in which a Turkish shepherd,
Mustafa Ulker, 35, had been killed, according to the report posed at
the ministry’s official page in Facebook.

Earlier, Turkish media reported that on Wednesday, the shepherd,
following its herd, lost his way and crossed Turkey’s border with
Armenia from the eastern province of Kars was shot dead by Armenian
soldiers patrolling the border.

On Friday, a source from Russian troops on Armenia-Turkey border told
RIA Novosti that the shepherd had opened fired at Russian border
guards and that they had opened a return fire. Mustafa Ulker was
wounded and later died.

In its message to Turkish side, the Armenian foreign ministry also
expressed hope that such incidents will never happen in the future.

The Soviet-era system of guarding Armenia’s border with Turkey (330
kilometers) and with Iran (45 kilometers) remains unchanged. Armenia’s
leadership attaches great importance to the presence of Russian
troops here and considers it as a significant component of the
country’s security.

The Russian troops’ presence here is based on an interstate agreement
signed in Yerevan on September 30, 1992. —0—–

– See more at:

http://arka.am/en/news/politics/armenia_s_foreign_ministry_expresses_regret_over_border_incident_with_turkish_shepherd_s_death/#sthash.xCY1P6FE.dpuf

Peter Balakian to teach Fall 2013 course at Columbia

Peter Balakian to teach Fall 2013 course at Columbia

Published: Saturday August 03, 2013

Peter Balakian.

NEW YORK – Prize-winning writer and scholar Peter Balakian has been
appointed the Nikit and Eleanora Ordjanian Visiting Professor in the
Department of Middle East, South Asian and African Studies at Columbia
University for the Fall of 2013. He is the Donald M. and Constance H.
Rebar Professor of the Humanities in the department of English at
Colgate University, where he has taught since 1980. Professor Balakian
was also the first Director of Colgate’s Center for Ethics and World
Societies. Balakian’s nine books include Black Dog of Fate, which won
the PEN/Albrand Prize for memoir, and The Burning Tigris:The Armenian
Genocide and America’s Response, which won the Raphael lemkin Prize
and was a New York Times best seller.

The pioneering scholar, in English, who opened up in Anglo-American
literature the field of Armenian genocide trauma and memory studies,
Professor Balakian will be teaching a course entitled THE ARMENIAN
GENOCIDE & THE HOLOCAUST: MEMORY & REPRESENTATION. This course has
been approved to satisfy Columbia University’s Global Core requirement
– a first for any courses offered through the Ordjanian Visiting
Professorship Program. The seminar style course (G4326, Call # 86035)
will be taught on Thursdays from 2:10 – 4:00 pm and is open to
auditors as well as matriculating students. Registration is from
August 26 – 30 and classes begin September 5. Tuition for auditors
will be $2,500 and for Lifelong Learners (people over the age of 65)
will be $800 . Registration may be done online at
or by calling (212) 854-9666.

This course will be an investigation of the impact of genocide on the
self and the imagination’s representations in literature, film, and
video testimony. Primary texts will include poetry, memoir, video
testimony, film and visual art. The course will concern itself with
the aftermath of two twentieth century genocides – that of the
Armenians in Turkey during World War I and that of the Jews in Europe
during World War II – both seminal events of the twentieth century
that, in various ways, became models for ensuing genocides.

The Visiting Professorship program at Columbia is made possible by an
endowment established by the late Dr. Nikit and Eleanora Ordjanian in
1998. Previous Visiting Professors have included Levon Abrahamian,
Vardan Azatyan, Melissa Bilal, Beorge Bournoutian, Seta Dadoyan, Helen
Evans, Roberta Ervine, Rachel Goshgarian, Arman Grigoryan, Robert
Hewsen, Ara Sarafian and Khachig Tololyan.

The Fall 2013 Ordjanian Visiting Professorship received additional
support from a generous grant from the Armenian General Benevolent
Union (AGBU).

The Visiting Professorship is one of several programs of the Armenian
Center at Columbia, the organization that raised the initial funds to
establish a Chair of Armenian Studies at Columbia in 1979 and which
continues to provide funds for scholarships, library acquisitions,
academic publications, lectures, conferences and symposia.

For more information about the Armenian Center at Columbia, please
call Karen Bedrosian Richardson at (212) 949-1995. For more
information about the upcoming course being taught by Professor Peter
Balakian, please contact him at [email protected] or (917)
743-9005.

http://www.reporter.am/go/article/2013-08-03-peter-balakian-to-teach-fall-2013-course-at-columbia
www.ce.columbia.edu/auditing

Star chain: Pernod Ricard Armenia forces us into bankruptcy

Star chain: Pernod Ricard Armenia forces us into bankruptcy

Saturday,
August 03

It was reported yesterday that Star supermarket chain would soon file
for bankruptcy due to its unpaid debts to numerous suppliers. Aysor.am
made an attempt to clarify that information from the company itself.

In response to our inquiry, Star Divide CJSC that the company did not
start the bankruptcy process on its own initiative, moreover, it will
dispute its bankruptcy in all courts.

The company sent the following response to the inquiry of Aysor.am:

`In response to your written inquiry of August 2, 2013, we inform you
that Star Divide CJSC did not start the bankruptcy process on its own
initiative, but it was started based on Pernod Ricard Armenia CJSC’s
lawsuit to declare Star Divide CJSC bankrupt.

The company will dispute – in the order prescribed by law – its
bankruptcy in all courts, having clear-cut plans to overcome its
problems and continue developing’.

TODAY, 14:15
Aysor.am

Hraparak: Those Attacking PAP MP’s Son Discovered

HRAPARAK: THOSE ATTACKING PAP MP’S SON DISCOVERED

11:35 02/08/2013 ” DAILY PRESS

Those who attacked the son of Prosperous Armenia MP Aragats Akhoyan
have apparently been discovered, and the respective bodies are waiting
for the end of the investigation to make the information public,
Hraparak says.

The paper reminds that the son of Prosperous Armenia MP Aragats
Akhoyan, Hayk Akhoyan, 19, was attacked by masked men in April 2013.

The assaulters used stun gun and stole his mobile phone and house keys.

Source: Panorama.am

Emigrated Armenians Lose Desire To Visit Homeland – Newspaper

EMIGRATED ARMENIANS LOSE DESIRE TO VISIT HOMELAND – NEWSPAPER

August 02, 2013 | 08:53

YEREVAN. – The official data on the demographic situation in Armenia
make it clear that those people that had left Armenia but regularly
visit the homeland are reducing in number, Haykakan Zhamanak daily
reports.

“According to official statistics, the number of US citizens that
arrived in Armenia in the first half of this year is 9,500, in the
case when this was 14,700 last year. The French citizens made up 6,800
this year, against the 11,000 in the year past; 1,700 from Holland,
against 3,400 last year; 146,000 from Russia, against 182,000 in the
year past, etc.

“It is apparent that we are dealing with not solely a growing
emigration, but we are the eyewitnesses to a phenomenon when our
emigrated compatriots are losing the desire to be in the homeland at
least temporarily,” Haykakan Zhamanak writes.

http://news.am/eng/news/165225.html

Turquie/Islamiser L’espace : Taksim Et Bodrum, Deux Essais Avortes

TURQUIE/ISLAMISER L’ESPACE : TAKSIM ET BODRUM, DEUX ESSAIS AVORTéS

Publié le : 02-08-2013

Info Collectif VAN – – Le Collectif VAN vous
propose cette analyse d’Etienne Copeaux publiée sur son blog
susam-sokak.fr le 29 juillet 2013.

Légende photo : Le vis-a-vis jugé indécent de la mosquée et du
monument de la république : Sabah présente le projet de mosquée,
15 juillet 1996. Remarquer le cordon de policiers le long du mur du
château d’eau, a gauche, et les policiers en faction tout autour du
monument. La date du cliché n’est pas précisée.

susam-sokak

Esquisse n°41 – Islamiser l’espace : Taksim et Bodrum, deux essais
avortés (1996-1997)

Lundi 29 juillet 2013

En 1996, le parti islamiste Refah marque son arrivée au pouvoir par
l’annonce de la construction d’une mosquée sur la place de Taksim.

C’est un processus d’islamisation de l’espace. Erbakan et Erdogan
veulent “parachever la conquête d’Istanbul”, réalisée en 1453 et
par les élections municipales de 1994. Puis, c’est le tour d’une
chapelle médiévale de la citadelle de Bodrum. Les deux projets
avortent, mais aujourd’hui la même menace se réalise a Sainte-Sophie
de Trabzon… A quand le tour de Sainte-Sophie de Constantinople ?

Taksim n’est pas une véritable place comme en comptent les belles
villes anciennes, un espace vide bordé d’immeubles cossus, de grands
bâtiments publics, de palais. Taksim n’est pas la place Bellecour,
la place des Vosges, la place Stanislas, un lieu de repos, calme,
où l’on peut s’extraire de la ville, échapper au bruit et a la
puanteur automobiles. Taksim est avant tout un carrefour routier
dont la traversée est pénible. A part la rue piétonne Istiklal,
aucune des voies qui y mènent n’est agréable.

L’espace y est immense mais fragmenté. En venant d’Istiklal, a
peine dépassé le consulat de France, avec a main droite la grande
église orthodoxe Hagia Triada et ses deux clochers, on pénètre
d’abord sur le terre-plein du monument de la République ; a gauche,
l’ancien château d’eau qui a donné son nom a la place (Taksim, ”
séparation ” ou ” partage ”), bordé d’un long mur de pierre et,
toujours, d’un détachement de policiers. Le monument lui-même,
Å”uvre de Pietro Canonica (1928), n’est ni beau ni laid ni grandiose
1 ; mais, après le mausolée d’Ataturk a Ankara, c’est le second lieu
sacré de la république. C’est la que se font les actions de grâce,
les cérémonies réparatrices du culte républicain, c’est la que
se terminent, par un dépôt de gerbe, toutes les manifestations
autorisées. Mais pour y accéder, il faut être de ceux qui ”
jouent le jeu ” du pouvoir : partis de gouvernement, associations
kémalistes. Les autres n’y ont pas accès, et leurs tentatives peuvent
être réprimées avec la dernière brutalité. Ceci donne la mesure de
la transgression qu’a été l’occupation de cette place en juin 2013.

Passé ce square, on tombe sur l’axe qui débouche du boulevard de
Tarlabası et qui permet de répartir le flux de circulation venant
de la partie sud-ouest d’Istanbul vers les quartiers du Bosphore
d’une part, et les élégants quartiers nord de l’autre. C’est un
enfer de bruit. Après avoir traversé l’avenue, avant qu’il n’y ait
la une station de métro, on accédait a un espace rectangulaire
et irrespirable, une importante station d’autobus municipaux qui
attendaient la, tous moteurs tournant. A droite, l’hôtel Marmara,
tour quelconque qui domine la ville. Devant soi, le Centre culturel
Ataturk (AKM), médiocrité architecturale inaugurée en 1969. Enfin
a gauche, une volée de marches donne accès a ce fameux Gezi Parkı
(c’est-a-dire ” Parc de la Promenade ”), effectivement seul espace
vert du centre d’Istanbul, mais tellement étriqué, tellement
assiégé par le bruit et la puanteur, que nous allions rarement dans
cet endroit trop petit pour oublier la ville.

Place sans forme, place sans contour. Elle n’est bordée d’aucun
ensemble architectural qui la limiterait nettement. Et bien que tout
proche du Bosphore et a un point sommital, elle n’offre aucun point
de vue. On apercoit seulement la partie haute de quelques gratte-ciel
qui enlaidissent encore le lieu, comme l’immeuble dit Gökkafes,
un scandale urbanistique des années 1990.

D’ailleurs Istanbul, étrangement, est une grande ville sans place
digne de ce nom, a part la place de Beyazit, dans la ville historique,
bordée par l’Université d’Istanbul, la magnifique mosquée de Beyazit
et l’enclos des bouquinistes. Cette place-la, oui, a du caractère,
elle est conviviale, et il faisait bon y prendre un thé, le matin,
a l’ombre des grands platanes, et les samedis et dimanches s’y tenait
un immense marché informel.

Il me paraît normal que la place de Taksim ait fait l’objet de
projets de restructuration, mais il ne fallait pas faire pire que
ce qui existait. Elle était, en tant que centre convergent de la
circulation et des lignes de bus, puis de métro et du funiculaire de
Kabatas, elle a toujours été, elle est de plus en plus grouillante
de monde, un lieu d’afflux, de rendez-vous, un lieu de mélange où
l’on peut voir de tout. Le gouvernement de l’AKP a voulu en faire un
lieu de commerce pour riches, et l’aménager de sorte a rendre les
manifestations mieux contrôlables sinon impossibles.

En raison des événements, on commence a entendre parler, hors de
Turquie, des questions d’urbanisme a Istanbul. Par sympathie pour
le mouvement de juin 2013, on a idéalisé la place. Pour ceux qui
l’ont connue a cette occasion, il faut dire qu’il y a de quoi :
elle a été, certainement pour la première fois depuis l’explosion
du trafic automobile, un lieu calme, convivial, un lieu de partage,
de réflexion et d’amitié.

En outre le nom de Taksim a été chargé d’affectivité depuis des
décennies. C’était le lieu des manifestations du Premier-mai, de la
manifestation du 1er mai 1977, qui s’est terminée de facon tragique.

Un lieu mythique, un lieu de gauche d’où la gauche a été exclue
après 1977, sous prétexte de sécurité. Bien plus tard, en 2010,
la manifestation a pu se dérouler normalement sur la place, sans
incident, et de nouveau en 2011 et 2012. Puis, en 2013, elle a été
a nouveau interdite sous prétexte du chantier de rénovation, et
les tentatives de rassemblement sévèrement réprimés. C’est la
l’événement-origine du mouvement de Gezi : Taksim, lieu de gauche
interdit, est devenu un lieu a reconquérir.

Jusque dans les années soixante, la place était le centre d’un
quartier où l’on ne parlait guère turc, un quartier arméno-grec,
comportant de nombreuses églises dont la triomphale Hagia Triada. Les
parages immédiats de la place ne comptent encore aujourd’hui que
deux mosquées, toutes deux sur la rue Istiklal, dont une, entre le
consulat de France et la place, est minuscule.

C’est dire que Taksim porte des caractères qui la situent bien loin
des modes de penser de l’islam politique – ou plus généralement du
nationalisme turco-islamique. Quartier jusqu’a une époque récente peu
turc, peu musulman, parsemé d’églises, quartier plutôt de gauche,
centre républicain kémaliste par son monument, et lieu culturel ”
moderne ” par la présence de l’AKM avec ses concerts de musique
classique, et de la bibliothèque Ataturk, juste derrière. On peut
ajouter a cet inventaire le salon de thé de l’hôtel Marmara, un
endroit chic où aime se retrouver l’intelligentsia stambouliote, et
cible d’un attentat islamiste en décembre 1994 2. Après l’expulsion
des orthodoxes entre 1955 et 1965, le quartier de Beyoglu est devenu
un gigantesque squat, et tout Tarlabası s’est peuplé de migrants
kurdes. Mais aujourd’hui encore, tout l’oppose a la ville historique
et ses minarets, par-dela la Corne d’or.

En 1994, lors des élections municipales, le parti islamiste Refah
avait triomphé dans de nombreuses grandes villes, et, a Istanbul,
cette victoire avait été célébrée comme une nouvelle Fetih. Mais
celle-ci était encore incomplète : il fallait, du point de vue des
conservateurs, islamiser Taksim. Voici pourquoi la place de Taksim est
un point si sensible, a reconquérir par la gauche, et a conquérir
par l’islamisme national.

La mosquée de Taksim

De nos jours, parmi les grands projets du gouvernement de l’AKP
concernant le quartier, figure la construction d’une mosquée. Il
s’agit évidemment du moyen le plus efficace et le plus voyant pour
islamiser un lieu. Le projet n’est pas étonnant ; ce qui l’est, c’est
le caractère très tardif de l’entreprise, plus de dix ans après
l’arrivée au pouvoir de l’AKP. En effet, lorsque le parti islamiste
Refah arrive au pouvoir en juin 1996, c’est dès le 15 juillet 1996
que le projet de mosquée a Taksim est proposé ; ce devait être
le ” premier sceau ” apposé par le parti islamiste sur la ville
3. La presse laïciste s’alarme immédiatement. Hurriyet publie un
photomontage de la place avec, en silhouette, la future mosquée.

Lire la suite sur susam-sokak le blog d’Etienne Copeaux

Retour a la rubrique

Source/Lien : susam-sokak

http://www.collectifvan.org/article.php?r=0&id=74759
www.collectifvan.org