Patriarche Manougian Au Catholicos Karekine II

PATRIARCHE MANOUGIAN AU CATHOLICOS KAREKINE II

RELIGION

Nourhan Archbishop Manougian

Patriarche Armenien de Jerusalem

Votre Saintete,

Soyez assure que je ne couche ces lignes sur le papier qu’a
contrecoeur, dès lors qu’il y a peu, j’ai ete informe que vous
reprochiez a certains de vos eveques leur passivite pour avoir omis
de repondre aux nombreuses critiques qui s’elevaient a votre encontre
sur les sites internet.

On y disait que le ” silence est un signe d’acquiescement “.

En septembre, au cours d’une seance photo de la reunion des
representants a Saint Etchmiadzine vous avez encore une fois aborde
le sujet de la retrogradation du Patriarcat Armenien Apostolique de
Jerusalem en une ” sorte de diocèse “, un sujet que vous aviez evoque
dès les premières annees de l’exercice de votre charge au cours d’une
reunion similaire. Selon l’adage, ” le fruit ne tombe jamais loin de
l’arbre “, et cette annee, un certain nombre d’eveques dechaînes…

Hovnan, Mikayel, Haygazoun et Hovaguim… pour des raisons et
motivations que l’on peut comprendre – (moins pour proteger leur siège
et leur position – et plus pour ne pas avoir a puiser dans leurs poches
– mesure avouee comme etant votre but et unique preoccupation) ont ”
heroïquement ” demande que le Patriarcat Armenien de Jerusalem soit
deplace d’urgence sous la juridiction d’Etchmiadzine.

Parmi les eveques – l’eveque Hovnan (Derderian) – a exprime le desir,
il y a quelques annees, de rejoindre la Fraternite de Saint Jacques,
en compagnie de son frère d’armes l’eveque Pagrad qui etait enchante
par la perspective d’un futur plus brillant. Au lieu de s’inquieter
de la menace imminente d’un nombre croissant de membres de sectes
et de catholiques dans son diocèse, l’eveque Mikayel passe son temps
sur des questions qui depassent ses capacites intellectuelles. Tandis
que l’eveque materialiste Haïgazoun qui a dû attendre très longtemps
avant de se voir reconnaître le merite du rang d’eveque, a cette
fois transforme son anti ” comptine karekinienne ” en hymne ” seul
Karekine “. Je souhaite ne rien dire a propos de l’affligeant eveque
Hovaguim, qui a l’instar de quelques-uns des eveques de la Fraternite
d’Etchmiadzine visitant Jerusalem ne tarissait pas de plaintes envers
votre regime despotique. Je m’en tiendrais a ces mots simples pour
decrire votre attitude envers la Fraternite dans son ensemble.

Tous ces membres de la Fraternite d’Etchmiadzine, qui ont apprecie
la chaude hospitalite de ce Saint Siège, semblent etre les otages
des reflexes lies a leur fonction et n’ont pas voulu voir ce combat
permanent que chaque membre de la Fraternite de Saint Jacques
a engage pour proteger et preserver le doit national du peuple
armenien. Comme si nos problèmes et difficultes avec les autres
confessions chretiennes, comme si le conflit constant avec les Juifs et
l’Islam, ne suffisaient pas, voila a present que la Fraternite du Saint
Siège que vous personnifiez lance une croisade contre le Patriarche de
Jerusalem, intoxique par votre quete debridee de l’autorite absolue…

le fruit ne tombe pas loin de l’arbre. Votre Saintete, il n’y a pas
si longtemps, a tente de neutraliser les Patriarcats Armeniens de
Jerusalem et de Constantinople, et elle a echoue. N’essayez pas une
autre fois. N’oubliez jamais un fait… que les etrangers ont fait
connaissance avec l’Eglise Armenienne en la personne du Patriarcat
Armenien de Jerusalem et grâce a lui.

Cette sainte institution a survecu a travers les âges malgre tous
les desastres humains et naturels, vos predecesseurs – toute une
generation de catholicos – ont reconnu et respecte l’independance et
la Constitution de la hierarchie patriarcale, et où prenez- vous cette
autorite pour encourager vos larbins a prendre une telle position
negative envers la Fraternite ?

Vous croyez-vous plus sage que vos predecesseurs ? Le sens des affaires
commerciales n’est pas une manifestation de sagesse. Vous pouvez
acheter ou rejeter les hommes mais N’AVEZ PAS LE POUVOIR D’USURPER
ET DE VOUS APPROPRIER LA SAINTETE.

Au cours de la seconde guerre mondiale, Winston Churchill avait averti
les dirigeants allemands : ” ceux qui sèment le vent recoltent la
tempete “. Et tout au long de decennies d’exercice de votre charge,
vous avez seme le vent ; preparez-vous a affronter la tempete. Les
annees ont passe depuis la chute de l’Union Sovietique, depuis les
jours où des laïcs au passe incertain, et meme des clercs vicieux,
avaient ete engages pour creer des institutions comme l’ ” Eglise
Libre “. Il est penible, de nos jours, de voir le meme esprit maladif
s’installer dans notre Patrie, où fleurissent et se developpent
de nouvelles sectes, sous votre ‘ regard bienveillant et tolerant
‘. Vous qui avez ete appele pour etre le chef de notre Eglise, main
dans la main avec des responsables politiques anti – religieux et de
peu de foi, vous vous efforcez, avec votre esprit bradeur et pueril,
avec vos decisions capricieuses tendant a deraciner le chene plusieurs
fois centenaire de notre Eglise Armenienne, parce qu’en depit de votre
âge, vous n’avez point encore atteint la maturite. Tout au long de
votre vie, vous avez manque de bon sens, de cette combinaison de foi
et de clairvoyance qui est l’une des plus grandes vertus qu’un homme
ait pu recevoir.

Tout comme vos raisonnements sophistes, votre expression et vos
decisions sont irresponsables. L’eglise Apostolique Armenienne,
tout au long de ses siècles d’existence, n’a pas eu peur des
dangers venus de l’exterieur, et il en est de meme pour vos actes
insenses et destructeurs que votre Saintete – un fils issu du sein
de cette meme Eglise – emploie dans une guerre, en elle-meme et
contre elle. Priver l’Eglise de ses qualites particulières revient a
compter le cordon ombilical qui la relie a son passe a un moment où
le renforcement de la religion et de son influence, le miracle de ce
siècle, contribue a affirmer notre image. Ceux qui se sont donnes par
eux-memes l’autorite de veiller a l’interet general et a sa sauvegarde
doivent sûrement savoir qu’une etincelle ne peut allumer un feu que
si elle est provoquee et qu’un abcès ne peut se vider que s’il a
ete perce. Nous ecrivons ces lignes, pensant que constater un mal et
rester indifferent equivaut a etre complice du mal. Une fois encore en
liaison avec notre demande pour que le Frère Baret soit ordonne eveque,
vous avez montre la meme propension immature, cedant aux rumeurs et
rancunes de certains individus, qui ayant coupe le cordon ombilical
avec leur peuple, s’efforcent avec quelques dollars d’attirer sur
eux les faveurs-refusant toujours de voir la verite qu’est dans ce
cas la decision du Synode de la Fraternite de Saint-Jacques, Jerusalem.

Vous blâmez sans raisons des personnes, incapable de distinguer les
faits de la fiction, vous etes celui qui selon les aptitudes qui
sont les siennes en apparence, ou par l’effet de ses verres colores,
voyez la realite. En d’autres termes, votre Saintete, vous etes
de ceux qui mettent la charrue avant les boeufs. Le temps est venu
d’arreter de pretendre que vous vous efforcez, resident du paradis,
de recouvrir votre nudite morale avec des feuilles de vigne.

De nos jours, notre Eglise se trouve confrontee a une situation
desesperee qui laisse planer le doute sur le futur, lorsqu’on imagine,
pendant un instant, toutes les vertus dont notre nation a herite et
dont elle pourrait etre encore digne. Soyez assure que la force et la
grandeur d’une nation ne se trouvent pas dans ses succès materiels,
parce que les gens ne meurent pas des blessures physiques qu’ils
recoivent mais des blessures spirituelles. Les blessures infligees a
son peuple sont plus le resultat d’actes irresponsables et egoïstes ;
elles peuvent etre considerees comme la mort naturelle d’une nation.

Le temps est venu pour votre Saintete de redecouvrir nos valeurs
spirituelles, si vous en avez jamais eues vous-meme. Dans le cas
contraire, vous pourriez vous declarer vous-meme defroque et eviter
a notre Mère l’Eglise la destruction absolue.

L’eglise Armenienne a toujours ete le foyer des aspirations
intellectuelles, spirituelles et morales de notre peuple. Il a ete
par excellence le bateau de sauvetage de notre foi. Notre Eglise,
cette estimable institution religieuse- nationale, a survecu a toutes
sortes de situations historiques et politiques adverses, elle a pris
forme et vous, comme ” Père de Tous “, vous etes force d’agir sans
esprit de vengeance, avec generosite et avant tout, gracieusement. Les
griefs que vous evoquez, fondes ou infondes la plupart du temps,
mais en reconnaissant vos erreurs, vous serez considere comme vertueux.

Votre Saintete, peut etre certaine que le Saint Siège d’Etchmiadzine
est pour nous et restera toujours la source de notre inspiration et
espoir. Mais vous…

Signe Archeveque Nourhan Manoukian, Patriarche Armenien de Jerusalem

PS Ayant observe votre manque de courtoisie elementaire, n’ayant pas
repondu a une precedente lettre du Patriarcat, nous avons opte pour
l’envoi de ce present courrier via le site internet.

Note du Traducteur [de l’armenien a l’anglais] :

L’Eveque Mikayel Adjapahian est le Primat de Shirak et de Gumri-Armenie

L’Eveque Hovaguim Manoukian est le Primat d’Arthik, Thalin- Armenie

L’Archeveque Archbishop Hovnan Derderian est le Primat du Diocèse
d’Amerique, Los Angeles

L’Eveque Haygazoun Nadjarian est le Primat d’Australie et
d’Extreme-Orient

L’Eveque Pagrad Galstanian etait precedemment Primat du Canada.

Baret Dzayrakouyn Vartaped Yeretsian (ne en 1946, ordonne en 1966)
a ete designe par le Synode de la Fraternite de St Jacques doit etre
eleve au rang d’Eveque. L’honneur de cette ordination est reserve au
Catholicos de Tous les Armeniens. Dans cette attente, Sa Saintete a
refuse d’acceder a la decision unanime de la Fraternite.

Traduction Gilbert Beguian

vendredi 12 decembre 2014, Stephane (c)armenews.com

http://www.keghart.com/Patriarch-N-Manoukian-Letter

Prime Minister Of Georgia: We Give High Priority To Maintenance Of T

PRIME MINISTER OF GEORGIA: WE GIVE HIGH PRIORITY TO MAINTENANCE OF THE CURRENT TRADE REGIME WITH ARMENIA

by David Stepanyan

ARMINFO
Friday, December 12, 00:36

We give high priority to maintenance of the current trade regime
with Armenia and further development of economic relations, Georgian
Prime Minister Irakli Gharibashvili told journalists on December 11,
following negotiations with the Armenian governmental delegation
headed by Armenian PM Hovik Abrahamyan.

“Today’s meeting has once again demonstrated that both countries
want to deepen their mutually beneficial relations. In this light,
the year 2014 has proved to be quite dynamical for Armenia and Georgia
given my official visit to Armenia in August. Though Armenia becomes
a member of the Eurasian Economic Union in January 2015 and Georgia
has signed an Association Agreement with the EU, these arrangements
will by no means affect our relations. Moreover, we will use them in
our countries’ interests”, he stressed.

Hovik Abrahamyan, in turn, reconfirmed the friendly relations between
Armenia and Georgia and pointed out the big unused potential. He also
singled out a number of fields negotiated on in Tbilisi. Abrahamyan
also pointed out the arrangement concerning the upcoming construction
of a Bridge of Friendship at Bagratashen-Sadakhlo checkpoint

Festival International Du Film Des Droits De L’homme : La Turquie A

FESTIVAL INTERNATIONAL DU FILM DES DROITS DE L’HOMME : LA TURQUIE A L’HONNEUR EN 2015.

FRANCE

A l’occasion du 10 decembre, Journee internationale des Droits de
l’Homme, le Festival International du Film des Droits de l’Homme
(FIFDH) de Paris devoile ses projets pour sa 13ème edition.

Celle-ci se tiendra du 7 au 15 avril 2015 au cinema Luminor Hôtel de
Ville, puis du 16 au 21 avril en itinerance dans plusieurs salles de
Paris et d’ÃŽle-de-France.

Fidèle a son choix de proposer une programmation variee sur les
droits humains dans son acception large, le Festival 2015 presentera
une selection d’une vingtaine de documentaires de creation, pour la
plupart inedits en France.

Selon le communique “Le documentaire demeure l’outil de predilection
pour le cinema des droits humains, sans etre pour autant une formule
miracle. Le cinema dans son ensemble, tous formats confondus, a
desormais une place a part entière dans la programmation de notre
festival. La programmation accueillera de la fiction, de l’animation
ainsi que des courts-metrages photographiques et sonores. Au-dela
des eclairages singuliers qu’ils apportent, ces nouveaux formats
s’inscrivent dans une demarche d’ouverture du festival au plus
grand nombre, en particulier aux plus jeunes. Le cinema des droits de
l’Homme n’est pas un divertissement pesant : il est un levier puissant
d’education politique. La programmation complète sera devoilee a la
mi-janvier 2015”.

Comme les editions precedentes, un jury officiel compose de
journalistes, realisateurs ou membres d’associations decernera un
Grand prix et une mention speciale. Un jury > sera constitue avec les Cinemas Independants
Parisiens. Pour la troisième annee consecutive, un jury compose de
personnes detenues (hommes et femmes) et de personnel penitentiaire
sera forme au sein de la maison d’arret de Fleury-Merogis.

Comme chaque annee, des realisateurs venus du monde entier presenteront
leurs films. Après chaque projection, des acteurs de la societe civile
apporteront un eclairage et transmettront leur experience au public
present. Chercheurs, journalistes, professionnels du cinema et acteurs
associatifs dialogueront ensemble et avec les spectateurs pour faire
de ces projections bien plus que de simples seances de cinema.

L’edition 2015 du Festival mettra a l’honneur la Turquie en accueillant
les programmateurs du festival 1001 Documentary d’Istanbul. A
l’occasion du centenaire du genocide armenien et a la lumière des
recents evènements de la place Taksim, le FIFDH de Paris proposera une
selection d’oeuvres traitant de la memoire collective et de l’histoire
de ce pays.

Le Festival nourrit l’ambition de mobiliser toujours plus les jeunes
franciliens (collegiens, lyceens et etudiants). Pour y parvenir,
les dispositifs scolaires et les accompagnements pedagogiques ont ete
repenses et seront mis a disposition des enseignants en janvier 2015.

Un atelier video, des rencontres avec des professionnels du
cinema et des seances speciales seront organises avec l’association
Starting-Block a destination de jeunes des quartiers prioritaires de
la ville et en situation de handicap.

Grâce a de nouveaux partenariats, le Festival proposera une
itinerance dans des cinemas d’art et d’essai et des lieux associatifs
d’ÃŽle-de-France pour la plupart nouvellement sollicites.

jeudi 11 decembre 2014, Stephane (c)armenews.com

Ralph Yirikian: By Preliminary Data, VivaCell-MTS Company’s Investme

RALPH YIRIKIAN: BY PRELIMINARY DATA, VIVACELL-MTS COMPANY’S INVESTMENTS IN 2014 WILL TOTAL NEARLY 11 BILLION DRAMS

by Alexandr Avanesov

ARMINFO
Thursday, December 11, 10:54

VivaCell-MTS Telecommunications Company’s investments in 2014 will
total nearly 11 billion drams, by preliminary data, Ralph Yirikian,
VivaCell-MTS General Manager, told ArmInfo.

He recommended converting the amount of investments into U.S. dollars
basing on the exchange rate for late 2013, not the present-day
realities.

“So far, it is early to speak of the final results of investments. It
is necessary to wait until the end of the year. The results for the
passed year are usually summed up in mid-January. We have invested
mainly in modernization of the network and installation of new base
transmission stations,” Yirikian said.

He said the work will be continued also in 2015. “We will continue
installing base stations and implementing our social responsibility
program. It is of utmost importance for us to retain our positions
in the market – 60%. We have much work to do and many projects to
implement to that end. From commercial reasons, I cannot unveil these
projects,” VivaCell-MTS General Manager said.

VivaCell-MTS (K-Telecom CJSC) is Armenia’s leading mobile operator,
having the widest 2G/3.75G/4G network reach and spreading a wide
range of Voice and Data services all across Armenia. Having the best
of the Armenian people interest at heart since its launch on 1st July
2005 and in a short period of time VivaCell-MTS has managed to build
a nationwide network and a considerable customer base. VivaCell-MTS
drives innovation and aims at always being at the forefront of any
development serving the Armenian mobile communications market. The
company follows the guidance provided by ISO 26000 (International
Standard of Social Responsibility). OJSC Mobile telesystems holds an
80pct stake in VivaCell-MTS CJSC, with the remaining 20pct belonging
to Fattouch Group. Lebanon. (The exchange rate for 10 Dec 2013 –
457.31 ASMD/$1USD).

Nairit : Les Travailleurs De L’usine Chimique Posent A Nouveau Leurs

NAIRIT : LES TRAVAILLEURS DE L’USINE CHIMIQUE POSENT A NOUVEAU LEURS PREOCCUPATIONS

ARMENIE

Plusieurs centaines de travailleurs d’une usine de produits chimiques
qui marche au ralenti a Erevan se sont a nouveau rassembles près du
palais presidentiel pour reclamer leurs arrieres de salaires et plus
de certitude quant a l’avenir de leur entreprise.

Les manifestants ont dit aux medias que l’usine leur doit des salaires
depuis 18 mois. Une autre preoccupation des travailleurs est qu’ils
seront demis de leurs emplois en Fevrier dans le cadre d’un > pour l’usine.

Selon les rapports, les nouveaux contrats seront signes seulement avec
un tiers environ des 1 500 travailleurs qui sont en conge partiellement
paye depuis quatre ans.

Ce ne est pas la première fois que les travailleurs de l’usine Nairit
manifestent a proximite des bureaux du gouvernement, mais l’avenir
de l’unique producteur de caoutchouc chloroprène dans tout l’espace
post-sovietique reste encore incertain.

jeudi 11 decembre 2014, Stephane (c)armenews.com

Klopp Backs Mkhitaryan To Regain Scoring Touch

KLOPP BACKS MKHITARYAN TO REGAIN SCORING TOUCH

15:01, 11 Dec 2014

On a day of comebacks Borussia Dortmund ensured they finished top
of Group D in the UEFA Champions League and are now eagerly awaiting
the draw for the last 16 which takes place in Nyon, Switzerland, on
Monday. Before that, however, there is the small matter of a match
in Berlin. In the hunt for Bundesliga points, Jurgen Klopp has seen
more than just good preparations.

He was “very happy with large parts of the game”, the coach said as
part of his post-match analysis. The only criticism he had for his
team, and which has been a problem for several weeks now, is their
inability to convert their chances. Only one goal was scored from
eleven chances.

After a subdued first half in which Dortmund created three chances and
the visitors had two golden opportunities to put the ball in the back
of the net, a BVB side which contained six changes came out for the
first 25 minutes of the second half like a freight train. They took
the lead during this period with a strong move by Ciro Immobile, who
delayed his shot to wrongfoot Deschacht and slot home. They failed,
however, to add to their lead. Henrikh Mkhitaryan in particular held
his hands to his head. The Armenian did so many things right and was at
times outstanding but lacked that little bit of luck in front of goal.

“I’m completely satisfied with his performance,” said the coach,
adding: “Miki is an incredibly important player for us. It’s through
his play that he ends up in situations where he can score goals. It’s
just not quite coming off for him right now.” Klopp is advising his
highly talented but sensitive player to “stay cool and not alter his
game. There’ll come a day when he’ll score not just once but two or
three times.”

http://www.armradio.am/en/2014/12/11/klopp-backs-mkhitaryan-to-regain-scoring-touch/

LA City Council Allocates Funds For Armenian Genocide Commemoration

LA CITY COUNCIL ALLOCATES FUNDS FOR ARMENIAN GENOCIDE COMMEMORATION

December 11, 2014 – 13:56 AMT

PanARMENIAN.Net – The Los Angeles City Council approved a plan
Wednesday, Dec 10, to spend $1.7 million on arts projects throughout
the city, and adopted guidelines designed to free up millions of
dollars sitting unused in a special arts fund, MyNewsLA reports.

Developers who want to build in Los Angeles put money in an Arts
Development Fee Trust Fund, but the money has been frozen since the
city attorney determined in 2007 that it could only be used within
a block of the developments. The council action allows the money to
be used on projects beyond a one-block radius.

About $10 million is in the trust fund, but some of it may need
to be returned because the deadline for using it has passed, city
officials said.

The council approved the use of about $1.7 million that was due
to expire Dec 31. It will be used for projects including mural
restoration, public art in Little Armenia commemorating the 100th
anniversary of the Armenian Genocide and art installations along
Central Avenue in South Los Angeles, where an annual jazz festival
is held.

“I’m thrilled to be able to provide the city with a way forward,”
Councilman Mitch O’Farrell said. “If we claim to be a world-class city,
we also need a world-class arts presence.”

Cultural Affairs Department General Manager Danielle Brazell said
with the funding made available through the council’s action, there
will be an “increased activation of arts throughout the city.”

Councilman Jose Huizar said the city “is the creative capital of the
world — home to a diverse, dynamic and incredibly talented artistic
community.”

An arts project in his district will receive $131,768 for the
restoration of up to 10 murals.

“Along with our mural ordinance, and additional mural-related funds
that we recently approved, this adjustment to the arts development
free will not only free up millions of dollars, it will free up our
artistic community to share their incredible talents and beautify
our communities,” he said. “This is a great day for art in the city
of Los Angeles.”

http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/185953/
http://mynewsla.com/government/2014/12/10/l-city-council-approves-1-7-million-spending-arts-projects/

World Press On Armenian-Russian Relations And Eurasian Economic Unio

WORLD PRESS ON ARMENIAN-RUSSIAN RELATIONS AND EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION (DECEMBER 9-10, 2014)

Vestnik Kavkaza, Russia
Dec 10 2014

10 December 2014 – 8:09pm

World press on the Armenian-Russian relations and the Eurasian Economic
Union (December 10, 2014) Russia’s lower house of Parliament voted
unanimously on Wednesday to approve a treaty allowing Armenia to join
the Eurasian Economic Union.

“Armenia Wins Backing to Join Trade Bloc Championed by Putin” reads
the title of the article by David Hershenzon published by the New
York Times.

Describing the Eurasian Economic Union the article says: “Tensions
have emerged in recent months, however, as Russia has come under
economic pressure as a result of sanctions imposed by the West over the
Kremlin’s intervention in Ukraine. Russia’s mounting economic worries,
including a steep decline in the ruble and a simultaneous slide in
global oil prices, have weighed on its closest trading partners,
particularly Belarus”.

“Armenia, like Ukraine, had been working toward closer political and
economic relations with the European Union, including steps toward
a new free-trade accord. That all changed abruptly in September 2013
as Russia stepped up efforts to thwart a European Union program aimed
at strengthening ties with former Soviet republics. After a meeting
in Moscow that September with Mr. Putin, the Armenian president,
Serzh Sargsyan, announced that he was abandoning the European talks
and that his country would join Russia’s economic bloc instead”,
reads the article.

“His decision set off some protests in Yerevan, the Armenian capital,
but the country ultimately had little choice as it is heavily dependent
on Russia for economic and security assistance. The value to Armenia
of joining the trade bloc has been questioned, in part because the
country shares no common border with any of the other member countries.

The European Union has been Armenia’s main trading partner. Its economy
is severely hamstrung because borders with two of its neighbors, Turkey
and Azerbaijan, are sealed as a result of longstanding conflicts,
” writes the New York Times.

Russia’s lower house of Parliament voted unanimously on Wednesday to
approve a treaty allowing Armenia to join the Eurasian Economic Union.

“Armenia Wins Backing to Join Trade Bloc Championed by Putin” reads
the title of the article by David Hershenzon published by the New
York Times.

Describing the Eurasian Economic Union the article says: “Tensions
have emerged in recent months, however, as Russia has come under
economic pressure as a result of sanctions imposed by the West over the
Kremlin’s intervention in Ukraine. Russia’s mounting economic worries,
including a steep decline in the ruble and a simultaneous slide in
global oil prices, have weighed on its closest trading partners,
particularly Belarus”.

“Armenia, like Ukraine, had been working toward closer political and
economic relations with the European Union, including steps toward
a new free-trade accord. That all changed abruptly in September 2013
as Russia stepped up efforts to thwart a European Union program aimed
at strengthening ties with former Soviet republics. After a meeting
in Moscow that September with Mr. Putin, the Armenian president,
Serzh Sargsyan, announced that he was abandoning the European talks
and that his country would join Russia’s economic bloc instead”,
reads the article.

“His decision set off some protests in Yerevan, the Armenian capital,
but the country ultimately had little choice as it is heavily dependent
on Russia for economic and security assistance. The value to Armenia of
joining the trade bloc has been questioned, in part because the country
shares no common border with any of the other member countries. The
European Union has been Armenia’s main trading partner.

Its economy is severely hamstrung because borders with two of
its neighbors, Turkey and Azerbaijan, are sealed as a result of
longstanding conflicts, ” writes the New York Times.

http://vestnikkavkaza.net/world-press-review/politics/63177.html

ANKARA: Perincek Vs Switzerland Is Post-Colonialism Vs Post 9/11-Ism

PERINCEK VS SWITZERLAND IS POST-COLONIALISM VS POST-9/11-ISM

Daily Sabah, Turkey
Dec 10 2014

Tal Buenos

Freedom of expression has already won the day in Perincek versus
Switzerland thanks to the decision of the European Court of Human
Rights (ECtHR) to reverse the Swiss criminalization of Dogu Perincek’s
expressed view of the past and in particular his characterization of
the events of 1915 and 1916. Article 10 of the European Convention
on Human Rights was held high.Being that the characterization of the
events has been a political matter, involving both historical and
legal aspects, Perincek did not abuse rights, but rather exercised the
freedom to express himself on an accusation regarding which Turks,
Muslims and Turkish Muslims in Western societies cannot be expected
to remain silent.

The honorable judges of the ECHR articulated that the idea of there
being a “general consensus” in Western societies – especially in the
Western academic community – about the characterization of the events
is vague and has no legal merit. However, while it was clearly stated
that this idea of a general consensus does not equate to established
facts and did not present a pressing social need to convict Perincek,
an actual pressing social need was not mentioned at all: The fact that
Perincek’s freedom of expression was denied in Switzerland reflects
a prejudice against a non-Western historiography.

This prejudice conveys an air of hostility that has a negative
effect on the civic integration of citizens of non-Western heritage
in Western societies. There is a failure among the leadership of
these Western liberal states to recognize that the biased view of
history that is taught in schools and controls the language used
by the media must be addressed in keeping with the changing social
makeup of these societies. It is important to ask why Perincek was
convicted in the first place. What aspects of historiography have
not been reconciled between those who colonized and those who were
affected by the colonizing efforts? How has this split been covered up?

In the Armenian case, which was put under a rare legal examination in
the Perincek case, the split is monumental. In certain Western states,
the desire to suppress shameful aspects of the colonial period, and
the political purpose served by controlling the discourse on genocide
and putting pressure on Turkey, has led to an institutionalized
campaign to disseminate a narrative according to which the Ottoman
state intended to cause Armenian suffering during World War I.

Conversely, a study of the events that is not affected by imperialist
bias, shows that Armenians had been used by the British as colonialist
pawns since the 1870s, which explains both the change of attitude
among Ottoman Armenians after centuries of coexistence with Muslims
and the catastrophe that took place during World War I when the
Armenian leadership was incentivized to assist the Entente in the
mission to destroy the Ottoman Empire. It also explains why the
current administrations of the Western governments that set up the
Armenians for this easily anticipated tragedy are still in denial of
doing so via the promotion of a convenient narrative that feeds on
anti-Turkish and anti-Muslim prejudice.

Post-colonialism provided a good measure of faith in the ability to
harmonize historiographical views. Starting from the 1970s, before
the advent of genocide as a field in academia, the colonialist
experience began to be analyzed to a greater extent in Western
academia. It was understood that the language used by imperialists to
describe historical events was informed by colonizing perspectives and
interests that were presented as universal and objective. Furthermore,
scholars began to demonstrate how the treatment of the colonized and
semi-colonized was justified through the belief that the race and
culture of the colonizer was superior. The field of post-colonialist
study established a clear distinction between the modern-day Western
sensibility and the old Western consciousness of the imperialist
conqueror. The physical arrival of the “otherized” on Western
university campuses played a major role in developing a new and
exciting brand of academic inquiry and Western reflexivity.

In congruence with the rise in number of non-Western immigrants in
Western societies and the rise in the popularity of post-colonialism,
multiculturalism became increasingly accepted as a state policy
toward civic integration. Multiculturalism is based on the view that
cultural diversity in Western societies is a fact, and it supports
recognizing and respecting the heritage of the formerly colonized
and semi-colonized peoples who are now citizens with equal rights in
Western states. “Post-9/11-ism,” however, seems to be descriptive
of the current era. It has halted the historiographical progress
that was introduced through post-colonialism. The shocking events of
9/11 politicized the discussion on multiculturalism, and popularized
pre-post-colonialist generalizations for Muslims as unchangeable
“others” who cannot meet the standards of Western liberalism. Consider
that statements such as “in the aftermath of 9/11,” “in response
to 9/11,” and “in the wake of 9/11,” with which many articles and
speeches begin their narrative nowadays, have supplanted “in light
of post-colonialism.”

For instance, even among Westerners who criticized the U.S.-led
invasion of Iraq in 2003, the criticism was done within a post-9/11
frame of discourse. Most critics in the U.S. did not say that this was
imperialist behavior, but rather that it was not the right reaction to
9/11. The post-colonialist sensitivity in recognition of a long history
of aggressive Western domination has been replaced by a terror-centric
narrative in which the West is depicted as a victim of exploitation
and attacks. According to this frame of thinking, if the West appears
to be actively aggressive in its attitude toward formerly colonized
peoples and countries, it is only because it is reacting after having
been tolerant and passive for too long. In other words, colonialism
has reached a dialectical height in the form of “de-post-colonialism.”

In “post-9/11-ism,” single acts of aggression by a Muslim are
magnified and manipulated into fitting within a narrative of
international terrorism and acts of Muslim firmness are interpreted
as aggression. Also in “post-9/11-ism,” every Turkish appeal for
historiographical fairness concerning the Ottoman Empire, which is
viewed in British historiography as a prototypical Muslim entity
that was run by an inferior race of uncivilized brutes, is readily
rejected because of prejudice.

David Cameron, in his first speech as prime minister of the U.K. at a
security conference in Munich in February 2011, ceremoniously turned
a post-colonialist question of Muslim integration in Western societies
into a matter of national security. He related – in post-9/11 fashion
– the existence of “Islamist extremism” to multiculturalism. Cameron
stated that “the doctrine of state multiculturalism” had “encouraged
different cultures to live separate lives.” This, he claimed was done
instead of giving people “a clear sense of shared national identity
that is open to everyone.” By making it seem as if the problem is
that Muslims abuse the “passive tolerance” of Western societies,
Cameron failed to recognize that British national identity is not
shareable as long as the anti-Muslim aspect of British historiography
is not addressed in a post-colonialist discourse.

It must be recognized that James Bryce, who masterminded both Armenian
rebellion and Armenian victimhood during World War I, is the same
person who already in 1878 announced the Ottoman Empire’s death and
described the territory for an independent Armenian state on Ottoman
land. It must be recognized that this same Bryce, who held various
prestigious positions in the British government, stated in the Romans
Lecture in 1902 at Oxford that there are “cases in which the exclusion
of the Backward race seems justified, in the interests of humanity
at large,” and asked to “[c]onceive what a difference it might make
if Islam were within two centuries to disappear from the earth!”

It must be recognized as a problem that William E. Gladstone, the
four-time British prime minister and a staple in Britain’s modern
history, whose mastery of the Bulgarian agitation in 1876 inspired
Bryce’s raising of the Armenian question, stated: “… from the black
day when they [Turks] first entered Europe, the one great anti-human
specimen of humanity.” What really makes this a problem is that British
historiography still characterizes Gladstone as having had a foreign
policy that was guided by moral fortitude, and this still serves as the
basis for a false anti-Turkish narrative on the Armenian issue. Why not
begin to solve this problem by recognizing that the false premise of
the anti-Ottoman, anti-Muslim and anti-Turkish claims to this day is
rooted in the outdated British portrayal of “the White Man’s Burden”
as genuine morality?

Without the restoration of a post-colonialist mindset, this problem
will linger. As the Grand Chamber is about to present a final and
decisive judgment on the Perincek case following the Swiss referral,
there is a chance that the honorable judges might identify that the
case is significantly reflective of a national identity crisis for
people of non-Western heritage within certain states of the EU. They
might find that the crisis is to be explained by “post-9/11-ism” and
the historiographical bias that directed Swiss injustice in this case.

* M.A. in Theological Studies from Harvard Divinity School, and is
currently a Ph.D. candidate in Political Science at the University
of Utah

http://www.dailysabah.com/opinion/2014/12/10/perincek-vs-switzerland-is-postcolonialism-vs-post911ism

Serzh Sargsyan’s Desperate Call To Nazarbayev

SERZH SARGSYAN’S DESPERATE CALL TO NAZARBAYEV

Lragir.am
Comments – 10 December 2014, 22:11

On December 10 Serzh Sargsyan telephoned the president of Kazakhstan
Nursultan Nazarbayev. A few days earlier he had telephoned
the president of Belarus Lukashenko. The focus of the telephone
conversations was apparently ratification of the agreement on Armenia’s
membership to the Eurasian Union in the parliaments of those countries.

On December 10 the agreement on Armenia’s membership was ratified by
the Russian Duma. Serzh Sargsyan is anxious to have the agreement
on Armenia’s membership ratified by the parliaments of Belarus and
Kazakhstan by January 1.

Otherwise, after January 1 the membership of Armenia will continue
to hang up in the air as it was over the past one year and a half.

The deputy minister of foreign affairs of Armenia Shavarsh Kocharyan
has confessed on one occasion that Belarus and Kazakhstan are not happy
with the membership of Armenia to the Eurasian Union. In addition,
both Belarus and Kazakhstan have explained their reluctance by the
issue of Artsakh, not wishing to upset Ilham Aliyev.

With their comments for every stage of membership of Armenia Minsk
and Astana actually resolved their problems with Russia. It is not
ruled out that they will try to do the same now, especially that
the economic conjuncture among the three founding members of the
Eurasian Economic Union is too bad, trade relations between Russia,
Belarus and Kazakhstan are tense. Moscow accuses Minsk and Astana
for transit of sanctioned EU products.

Recently the president of Belarus Lukashenko has announced about his
decision to restore BCPs at the border with Russia and to check cargo.

Hence, Minsk and Astana may again trade Armenia’s membership for
their problems with Russia.

Besides, Serzh Sargsyan could have another important reason to
telephone Nursultan Nazarbayev. The point is that besides the
ratification of the membership agreement by the Russian Duma
the Russian foreign minister Lavrov made a dangerous statement on
December 10. He said the issue of joining of EEU members to Russia’s
countersanctions against Russia may occur in the future.

It is possible that Serzh Sargsyan asked Nazabayev’s thoughts on this.

This is very important for Armenia because Armenia lacks the necessary
level of sovereignty and may only rely on Nazarbayev’s and Lukashenko’s
resistance in tackling with Russia’s requirement.

http://www.lragir.am/index/eng/0/comments/view/33310#sthash.7jHUNoYS.dpuf