Iran-Armenia, il nuovo dragomanno

Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso (Comunicati Stampa)
25 luglio 2012

Iran-Armenia, il nuovo dragomanno

Marilisa Lorusso

L’Armenia è isolata geograficamente. L’Iran è isolato politicamente.
Facendo di necessità virtù, i due Paesi stanno aumentando le relazioni
bilaterali. Lo sviluppo dello snodo armeno-iraniano nell’asse
Mosca-Yerevan-Teheran e nel contesto regionale

Nell’impero ottomano, il `dragomanno’ doveva avere le competenze di
interprete e traduttore, ma aveva un ruolo che andava ben al di là
delle funzioni linguistiche. A metà fra un mediatore culturale e un
ministro degli Esteri, il dragomanno – tradizionalmente un greco –
permetteva al Sultanato di relazionarsi con l’Europa cristiana, così
come con tutto il Medio Oriente arabo e persiano. Dall’era ottomana
tutto è cambiato, ma qualche dinamica regionale è rimasta.

Pare che la politica estera armena contemporanea abbia fatto di
necessità virtù e che a livello strategico – anche grazie alla sua
numerosa e diffusa diaspora – l’Armenia possa fungere in un certo
senso da dragomanno nel quadro geopolitico del Medio Oriente arabo e
persiano, sempre più intricato e frammentato. Soprattutto per quanto
riguarda i rapporti con l’Iran.

Fra necessità e legami storici

L’Armenia è territorialmente isolata. Legata con un patto profondo e
radicato alla Russia, non condivide con quest’ultima confini,
essendone separata dalla Georgia. E dato i tesi rapporti
russo-georgiani questa condizione geografica pesa e trasmette
periodicamente un senso di rischio e precarietà. A est ed ovest i
confini di terra sono chiusi, rispettivamente con l’Azerbaijan e con
la Turchia, per l’irrisolta questione del Nagorno-Karabakh, regione
azerbaijana secessionista sotto il controllo armeno dall’inizio degli
anni ’90. Mentre con la Turchia sono stati ripristinati almeno i voli
– una breccia, almeno aerea, nel confine – quello con l’Azerbaijan è
non solo sigillato ma pericoloso. Il cessate il fuoco del 1994 non sta
reggendo e quasi quotidianamente si registrano violazioni. Questo
quadro attribuisce una grande importanza al confine sud, quello con
l’Iran. E’ attraverso questo confine che gli approvvigionamenti di gas
raggiungono l’Armenia, per un accordo Gazprom-Iran. E’ da questo
confine che affluiscono numerosi turisti, avvengono scambi, economici
e culturali. E’ cioè il confine che permette all’Armenia di non essere
una strada senza uscita.

Ma non è solo la necessità che sta alla base dei rapporti
irano-armeni. L’Iran rimane un importante attore regionale e ha
esercitato nei secoli un’influenza culturale non trascurabile e
l’Armenia continua – nonostante le notevoli differenze sociali e
religiose – a coltivare iniziative congiunte di profilo ambientale e
culturale con il vicino, forte anche della presenza di una
significativa diaspora armena in territorio iraniano che ivi gode di
tutele e autonomia culturale. Due dei cinque seggi per le minoranze
del Mejlis iraniano – il parlamento – sono riservati agli armeni, che
anche nelle elezioni di marzo 2012 hanno dimostrato di partecipare
attivamente alla vita politica del Paese.

Gli scambi culturali sono intensi e continui: sul confine si pianifica
di creare un parco a gestione condivisa, la Galleria Nazionale Armena
ha ospitato in occasione del trentatreesimo anniversario della
Rivoluzione Islamica una mostra d’arte contemporanea iraniana,
dovrebbe nascere un’orchestra irano-armena `per l’amicizia e la pace’,
solo per menzionare le iniziative degli ultimi mesi.

Investimenti e diplomazia: un patto contro l’isolamento (e la guerra)

L’amicizia e la pace servono davvero ad ambedue i Paesi. Se l’Armenia
è isolata geograficamente, l’Iran lo è politicamente e una mano tesa è
la benvenuta, soprattutto se proviene da parte di un `amico di un
altro amico’. E così pare prendere forma quell’asse
Mosca-Yerevan-Teheran che si contrapporrebbe al
Washington-Tbilisi-Baku-Ankara. Queste geometrie (in realtà variabili:
un tempo si suggerivano anche le Mosca-Atene-Yerevan versus
Ankara-Baku-Tel Aviv) piacciono molto ai geopolitici, e sono forse
semplificazioni di processi complessi in cui ogni attore muove a
livello regionale – pragmaticamente – i propri passi.

Quello che si può registrare è che da un patto di amicizia Teheran e
Yerevan traggono mutuo beneficio. L’Iran in particolare dimostra di
voler investire in Armenia. E’ di gennaio di quest’anno la notizia che
circa 570 milioni di dollari iraniani dovrebbero essere impiegati per
sviluppare il settore energetico armeno (l’idroelettrico, che in
Caucaso ha un buon potenziale ancora largamente sottoutilizzato). Il
contratto, che seguiva la visita di Mahmoud Ahmadinejad a Yerevan, è
uno dei numerosi esempi di business che nasce dopo un’intensa attività
diplomatica. E gli scambi fra i due Paesi sono costanti e frequenti: a
febbraio il vice-ministro degli Esteri armeno si è recato a Teheran,
due mesi dopo era il turno del ministro degli Esteri Edward Nalbandyan
che oltre alla propria controparte ha incontrato il presidente e ha
visitato il parlamento. In questa occasione Nalbandyan ha espresso
apprezzamento per l’atteggiamento bilanciato dell’Iran sulla questione
del Nagorno Karabakh.

L’Iran si era posto come mediatore, all’inizio degli anni ’90,
complice anche la momentanea debolezza della Russia post-sovietica.
Nel 1992, a conflitto ancora in corso, l’allora ministro degli Esteri
Mahmud Vaezi era andato a Baku e a Yerevan nel tentativo di facilitare
un cessate il fuoco e lo scambio di prigionieri. Il tentativo era
stato poi travolto dagli eventi bellici e, come è noto, il formato
riconosciuto dalle parti in causa per negoziare la pace è in seguito
diventato il Gruppo di Minsk, presieduto da Russia, Francia e Stati
Uniti.

Ma l’Iran continua a far sentire la propria voce in merito,
esprimendosi a favore di una soluzione rigorosamente pacifica del
conflitto. Ad aprile Mohammad Bagher Bahrami, ambasciatore iraniano a
Baku ammoniva l’Azerbaijan che solo questo scenario è legittimo e
rivendicava un ruolo più attivo per gli attori regionali a fronte di
quello che definiva il fallimento negoziale del Gruppo di Minsk. Il
ministro degli Esteri Ali Akbar Salehi si esprimeva ugualmente per una
soluzione pacifica e sottolineava, durante la visita di Nalbandyan,
`il ruolo vitale’ svolto dall’Armenia nella regione. E le
dichiarazioni provenienti dal mondo diplomatico non si fermano qui:
l’ambasciatore iraniano a Yerevan parlava del ruolo centrale
dell’Armenia nel garantire stabilità nella regione e rigettava
l’ipotesi che il conflitto del Karabakh potesse avere un qualsivoglia
movente religioso, ipotesi che ovviamente rema contro la
collaborazione irano-armena. A ribadire la pacifica convivenza fra i
cristiani armeni e i musulmani iraniani si è espresso anche Aram I,
Catholicos della Chiesa di Armenia, recatosi a Teheran lo scorso
maggio in occasione della Conferenza del Dialogo fra le Civiltà.

L’Armenia da parte sua replica opponendosi strenuamente ad ogni
ipotesi di attacco all’Iran. Durante una conferenza stampa congiunta
russo-armena, Nalbandyan si è espresso inequivocabilmente a favore di
una soluzione pacifica della questione iraniana facendo eco a quanti
nel Paese temono uno scenario che a livello regionale potrebbe portare
a imprevedibile esacerbazione i conflitti latenti nell’area, in primis
quello del Nagorno Karabakh.

http://www.balcanicaucaso.org/aree/Armenia/Iran-Armenia-il-nuovo-dragomanno-119844

Syrian-Armenians’ dilemma – community preservation or migration?

Syrian-Armenians’ dilemma – community preservation or migration?

news.am
July 29, 2012 | 08:03

Armenian News-NEWS.am presents Nanore Barsoumian’s article posted on
the The Armenian Weekly with extractions.

In recent days, as violence continues in Syria, various steps have
been taken in Armenia to decide rather indefinite situation of the
Armenian community there.

The issue of immigrating to Armenia is not as simple as could have
been imagined.

Historian Ara Sanjian at the University of Michigan-Dearborn believes
Armenians worldwide must provide moral and financial support to the
Armenians in Syria.

Regarding the efforts of the Armenian Government, Sanjian believes
that officials do not understand the problems of Diaspora well.

`The Armenian Government can do very little because of the situation
in Syria, the poor economy in Armenia, and more importantly, because
there is very little hard knowledge among the government officials and
in the media about the realities of life in Diaspora,’ he added.

Freight activity of South Caucasus Railway up 10.5% for H1/2012

Freight activity of South Caucasus Railway up 10.5% for first half of 2012

arminfo
Friday, July 27, 13:48

Freight of the South Caucasus Railway CJSC was up 10.5% for first
half of 2012 versus the same period of 2011 to 1584.5 thousand tons.

In the first six months of 2012 SCR transported 216.0 thousand tons of
cargo in export, which exceeds the first half of 2011 by 11.1%.

The volume of cargo in import traffic was 598.8 thousand tons, up 2.6%
over January- June last year. In local traffic during the reporting
period of 2012 the railway transported 769.7 thousand tons of cargo,
which is 17.3 higher than in the first half of 2011.

It should be noted that in January-June this year the average weight
of a freight train increased by 5.7%, reaching 1 432 tons against last
year’s 1355 tons.
In addition, in June 2012 the volume of freight traffic increased by
18.7%. Only during the month SCR transported 340.8 thousand tons of
cargo, including 120.5 thousand tons in import, 36.7 thousand tons in
export and 183.6 thousand tons in local traffic.

The railway is gradually building up key performance indexes including
the volume of cargo. We achieved these results thanks to SCR flexible
tariff policy aimed at reducing transport costs in the price of the
goods transported.

South Caucasian Railway CJSC is the subsidiary (100%) of the Russian
Railways CJSC. The contract of concession of the Armenian Railroad
CJSC for 30 years with a 10-year renewable period was signed in
Yerevan on February 13 2008.

MoD: Baku’s aggressive statements are politically charged misinforma

Representative of RA Defense Ministry: Baku’s latest aggressive
statements are nothing but politically charged misinformation

arminfo
Sunday, July 29, 10:40

Azerbaijani Deputy Prime Minister Ali Hasanov’s statement that
“Azerbaijan prepares to liberate the occupied areas” is not a surprise
for Armenia, but one more ungrounded lie, Spokesperson of Armenian
Defense Ministry Artsrun Hovhannisyan told ArmInfo’s correspondent.
“These statements of official Baku are nothing but politically charged
misinformation”, Hovhannisyan stressed.

To note, according to the Azerbaijani mass media, Deputy Prime
Minister, Chairman of the State Committee for Work with Refugees and
IDPs Ali Hasanov said: “If Armenia continues its non-constructive
position, we will liberate our lands in near future by the order of
the Supreme Commander-in-Chief”. APA quotes Hasanov as saying:
“Armenia trains terrorist groups in the occupied areas. Azerbaijan has
repeatedly presented the facts on it to the international
organizations. These terrorist groups are sent not only to Azerbaijan,
Russia and Turkey, but at the same time to Europe, Middle East and
Asian countries. The diversionists are sent from here to Russia and
Georgia in order to stir up national hatred”.

Russia Focuses On Gas

RUSSIA FOCUSES ON GAS

Vestnik Kavkaza
July 27 2012
Russia

by Susanna Petrosyan, Yerevan. Exclusively for VK

Armenian and Russian media have been spreading rumours this month about
Gazprom (Russia) and the Armenian Ministry for Energy and Natural
Resources planning to increase prices for Russian gas supplies to
Armenia. Gazprom plans to set new gas prices on October 1. The price
for 1000 cubic meters of gas will increase from $180 to $280. It may
further increase to $320 on January 1, 2013.

Minister for Energy and Natural Resources Armen Movsisyan confirmed
the talks, but gave no details: “Negotiations will end soon. Details
will be published after their conclusion”. Commenting on the rumours
that gas prices increased to $220, the minister said that the public
would have been informed if it were true.

The Russian monopolist owns 80% of shares in the joint Armenian-Russian
enterprise ArmRosgazprom, the rest belongs to the Armenian
government. The last time the gas prices in Armenia increased was on
April 1, 2010. The price rose from 96 drams per cubic meters to 132
drams. The price for large consumers using over 10,000 cubic meters
increased from 215 drams per cubic meter to 243.13 drams.

The increasing gas prices were caused by attempts to develop and
implement new beneficial schemes of gas payments for poor families
by the Armenian government. It was usually done after April 1, not
at the upcoming winter. The prices are expected to rise twice.

Gazprom seems to have a harsh price policy. The company requested the
Russian government to make a dramatic rise of prices for Russian gas in
CIS states on October 1. It is a result of increased taxes for resource
extraction. The company lost $2 billion. Gazprom provides gas for
Europe at an average price of $415 per 1000 cubic meters. Ukraine buys
it at about the same price. Other CIS states purchase it for $200-300.

Russia warned Armenia about a new increase of prices. Russian steps
are quite reasonable, because gas has own price to be sold for all
around the world. But this reason does not explain why ArmRosgazprom
is such state. The company gasified over 90% of residential areas in
Armenia in the last 10 years. The goals of Rosgazprom are unclear,
its subsidiary has made enormous investments in gasification projects
of Armenia.

Higher prices for gas may cause the poor part of the population to
quit purchasing it. The number of poor families in the country has
increased by 35% in the last years.

Moreover, ArmRosgazprom said that it had a loss of 15.4 billion drams
($1 = 408 drams). Losses were caused by strengthening dollars. It
means that the company with deficit is making steps contrary to
expanding the range of its consumers.

“If we are strategic partners and set issues at a political level,
than the gas price should not be higher than it is in any other
Russian region, because 80% of ArmRosgazprom belong to Gazprom. If
it is a non-political issue, then we should ask why the enterprises
Armenia gave Russia within the deal of “property for debt” are still
idle? They need to open workplaces so that our citizens could pay
such high prices”, as stated by MP Artsvik Minasyan, a member of the
authorities of Dashnaktsutyun. He insists that Russia is trying to
run a “slavery policy” in Armenia.

Expert Ayk Balanyan believes that Russia uses its monopoly positions
at the gas market to achieve certain political preferences: “This
policy is not only realized in Armenia, the same happened in Belarus,
Ukraine and other neighbor states”, Balanyan explains.

Many Armenian analysts say that the gas tool has become a tested
and an efficient means of Russian influence in neighbor states. The
political context in Russia’s decision to increase gas prices for
the upcoming winter and presidential polls set for February 2013
is obvious. Electoral campaigns in Armenia always focus on social
programs. The elections in February 2013 are peculiar for President
Serzh Sargsyan’s run for the second term. Thus, the social situation
Is of great importance for the ruling party.

Such dramatic rise of prices would no doubt cause a chain reaction.

Increase of energy and transport expenses would cause higher prices
for goods and services. it would become a heavy burden for economy,
which is in grave condition. The hard social situation will be
the first target. Neither the state economy, nor the population are
ready for such boost of prices. Presidential elections put additional
pressure on the socio-economic situation. Tensions within the state
may escalate in such conditions.

Armenian authorities would most likely do their best to ease the
situation and convince Russia not to increase gas prices until the
presidential polls to avoid social grievances.

It is hard to explain why Russia wants to treat its strategic partner
that way. Some Armenian experts believe that Moscow wants to be secure
about whether the president would be reelected or not. But it is only
an assumption. The answer would most likely be given at the end of the
“dead political season”.

Armenia simplifies citizenship formalities for compatriots from Syri

ARMENIA SIMPLIFIES CITIZENSHIP FORMALITIES FOR COMPATRIOTS FROM SYRIA, LEBANON

Interfax
July 26 2012
Russia

The Armenian government has decided to simplify the process of
obtaining citizenship for compatriots from Syria and Lebanon.

Minister of Diaspora Hranush Hakobian said at a government meeting
on Thursday that although the law requires that passports can only
be issued by police departments, the government may as well decide
upon issuing passports in diplomatic missions in individual cases.

“Armenians in Syria and Lebanon may now receive Armenian passports
in consulates and embassies,” the minister said.

Azeri Soldier Taken Prisoner By Armenian Military After He Lost His

AZERI SOLDIER TAKEN PRISONER BY ARMENIAN MILITARY AFTER HE LOST HIS WAY – BAKU

Interfax
July 26 2012
Russia

Private Firuz Faradzhov of the Azeri armed forces has been taken
prisoner by the Armenian military, the Azeri Defense Ministry has
reported.

The 20 year-old private lost his way and was captured in the Tovuz
district of Azerbaijan bordering on Armenia on Thursday morning,
it said.

The Armenian side earlier reported that an Azeri soldier had
surrendered to the Armenian side. The Yerevan office of the
International Committee of he Red Cross has been informed of the
incident.

Movie On Armenian And Assyrian Massacres In Turkey To Be Released

MOVIE ON ARMENIAN AND ASSYRIAN MASSACRES IN TURKEY TO BE RELEASED

news.am
July 27, 2012 | 00:04

ANKARA. – A Turkish professor at the Batman University in Turkey has
shot a movie on Armenian and Assyrian massacres, perpetrated at the
beginning of the 20th century.

His movie will make a fuss, as he raised such a theme, Turkish Haberler
reports. The movie tells about the 1915 forced deportations of the
Armenians and sending them to the Deir al-Zour desert, as well as
the hard conditions of those times and the robbers’ attacks, due to
which great number of Armenians were murdered.

The movie testifies how then Diyarbakir Governor had ordered to
deport all the Christians. The documentary, however, deals more
with the massacres perpetrated against the Assyrians, as well as
demographic data of the Assyrians having lived in Mardin, Nusaybin,
Midyat and Bashir.

Mining Areas In Armenia Located Near Developed Tourism Centers

MINING AREAS IN ARMENIA LOCATED NEAR DEVELOPED TOURISM CENTERS

tert.am
27.07.12

Though mining in Armenia has great potentials of development, most
mines are located in developed tourism areas, according to Movses
Manukyan, the chief of the civil initiative group Healthy Hrazdan.

“Several trends of tourism development are being sketched in Armenia
today. Among them are Jermuk with, its developing resort tourism and
the millions of investments that still continue; the gorges of Aghveran
and Hankavan; Tatev with its ropeway etc.” the environmentalist said,
speaking at a news conference on Friday.

Manukyan noted that a mountain mine lying 15 km. off Jermuk now under
construction, while an iron mine in the center of Hrazdan city,
(3km.-4km. far from the Tsahkadzor resort) is due to open in the
near future.

Ruben Grigoryan, the chief of the Romea tour group, said in that
connection that tourism demands ecologically clean areas, with
ecoutourism development being a relatively new business in Armenia.

“Tourism, on a global level, is considered one of the most rapidly
developing and most profitable branches of economy. There are countries
that gain 60%-70% of their profit from tourism,” he said, adding that
they avoid taking tourists to areas situated near mines.

According to him, the opinion that mining brings larger profits than
tourism cannot be considered right.

Asked about the growing number of miners in Armenia, the chief of the
Greens’ Union, Hakob Sanasaryan, attributed the problem to tax errors.

“Anyone working in the mining industries sector normally pays the
income tax and the other minor taxes, by mining in general is excluded
from the taxation field. Only a small amount of the taxes is levied,”
he said, adding that the emission of sulfur oxide in Armenia costs
only 1,800 drams ($4.41), unlike Sweden where a similar procedure
would cost 2,405 US Dollars.

NATO General In Armenia

NATO GENERAL IN ARMENIA

Story from Lragir.am News:

Published: 14:38:46 – 27/07/2012

On July 25-27 Brigadier General Rob van der Meer, COMEDS (Committee
of the Chiefs of Military Medical Services in NATO) Chairman and
Surgeon General of the Netherlands Armed Forces was in Armenia.

On July 26, the Brigadier General met with the minister of defense of
Armenia Seyran Ohanyan. In the course of the meeting, a wide range
of issues relating to the exchange of experience, harmonization of
medical services approaches and work style to modern challenges
was discussed. The collocutors agreed the Armenian Armed Forces
military medical department and the military medical department of
the Armed Forces of Netherlands could launch effective cooperation,
joint military medical exercises and conferences.

http://www.lragir.am/engsrc/politics26979.html