The Saroyans, Chance Encounters and a Briefcase of Coffee

Over a year ago, I uncovered a relatively forgotten story on the transfer of William Saroyan’s ashes from the United States to Yerevan, Armenia, where they were subsequently buried at the Komitas Pantheon. My report was based on research I conducted using online and print sources. This was when I discovered that my great-grandfather, Armenian playwright Aramashot Papayan, had been a part of this historic transfer and was one of the leaders and members of the Yerevan delegation that went to Moscow, Russia to greet the U.S. delegation tasked with bringing the urn to the homeland.

At the time, I did not know that I would, over a year later, have the unexpected chance to personally speak with a key figure of the U.S. delegation who brought Saroyan’s urn from the United States to Armenia. 

William Saroyan with the Jendian family: Allan Jendian and his wife Rosemary Jendian with their children Matthew and Megan (Micah not pictured). Witnessing William Saroyan’s will being signed. April 11, 1981. Fresno, CA. Photo captured by Penny Console.

Just a few weeks ago, as I sat celebrating my birthday at a Lebanese-Armenian restaurant, I received an excited text from Dr. Tony Saroyan, a distant relation of William Saroyan and a doctor of psychology, someone I had interviewed in the past about his family’s history and relation to William Saroyan. “Allan Jendian,” the text read as my phone lit up. “I met him right now. He was in charge of transporting William Saroyan’s ashes. He has amazing stories.”

“What are the chances?” I thought to myself. I immediately asked Dr. Saroyan to ask Jendian if he had any memories of my papik. “He said in a briefcase [Papayan] had a burner and coffee,” was Dr. Saroyan’s reply. “Yep,” I thought, smiling to myself. “That was definitely my papik.”

A few days later I got in touch with Jendian, who was gracious enough to lend me his time and shared a more revealing perspective of this historic moment. Jendian was born in Boston and raised in Watertown, Massachusetts. He graduated from Fresno State University in 1967 with a degree in accounting and worked as a Revenue Agent for the IRS until his retirement. 

Jendian has been, and still is, very active within the Armenian community. He is an ordained deacon and has been involved with organizations such as AGBU, the Armenian Assembly, ACYO Central Council, Knights of Vartan and many more. 

As a Fresno resident, his path crossed William Saroyan’s on several occasions. Jendian first met Saroyan at a laundromat, where Jendian approached him to hand him a booklet on the writer himself, one that had been created during his time at the United Armenian Commemorative Committee, on which he served as chairman for 15 years. 

They subsequently had coffee, and their relationship sparked from there. Years later, Saroyan asked Jendian to witness the signing of his will. This was the last signing of Saroyan’s will, which took place on April 11, 1981, a month before his death. Saroyan called Jendian and personally asked him to be present at the signing, insisting that he not forget to be there.

“I can’t forget, because April 11 is my daughter’s birthday,” said Jendian.

Jendian arrived at the signing with his wife and two of his three children. Saroyan had a book prepared and signed for Jendian’s daughter, Megan, in honor of her birthday.

After Saroyan passed away, a tribute committee was created by community members, of which Jendian was the acting chairman. The tribute was held in Fresno, California and attended by Vardges Petrosyan, president of the Writers Union of Armenia, and Lusine Zakaryan, beloved Armenian lyrical soprano, both of whom had hoped to return to Armenia with Saroyan’s ashes.

U.S. and Yerevan delegation arrive at Yerevan airport with William Saroyan’s urn. From left: Aramashot Papayan, Vardges Petrosyan, Vardges Hamazaspyan (chairman of Spurk), Robert Demir, Allan Jendian and Dr. Dickran Kouymdjian. 1982.

Due to the time pressure of the Armenian Orthodox tradition of conducting a requiem at the one-year mark of a person’s death, the organization agreed to create a delegation to transfer the ashes to Armenia. 

The delegation consisted of Jendian, William Saroyan’s attorney Robert Demir and Dr. Dickran Kouymdjian, former director of the Armenian Studies program at California State University, Fresno. Later, the Committee for Cultural Relations Abroad (Spurk) chose Osheen Keshishian, former editor of the Armenian Observer, to join the delegation in representation of their organization. The four of them garnered the endearing nickname, “Saroyan Quartet.”

Members of the Writers Union greet the arriving U.S. and Yerevan delegations. From left: Mkrtich Sargsyan, Vardges Petrosyan, Razmik Davoyan, Aramashot Papayan, Robert Demir and Allan Jendian. Yerevan airport. 1982.

When the U.S. delegation arrived at an airport in Moscow, a delegation from Yerevan was waiting to greet them. The Yerevan delegation consisted of Papayan, Petrosyan from the Writers Union, Perch Zeytuntsyan, Karlen Mikaelyan, Robert Galustyan, Albert Gasparyan and Garo Atoyan. 

The urn was revealed at the foot of the plane, and members of the Yerevan delegation took turns holding it. Following their arrival, the two delegations had dinner at the Budapest Hotel, which went on for hours as the writers took turns eulogizing William Saroyan. 

“You could see that Saroyan meant so much to them,” said Jendian. “They were all very somber. [Papayan] more so because they both had the same make-up as individuals. There was a lot of likeness. For them, being Bitlisian meant the world.”

Yet the urn was not officially transferred to the possession of the Writers Union until the group reached Yerevan and an event took place for the transfer. Until then, Jendian was primarily tasked with protecting the urn.

Writers Union event of William Saroyan’s urn transfer. Vardges Petrosyan and Vardges Hamazaspyan carry William Saroyan’s urn. Allan Jendian stands in the center. Yerevan, Armenia. 1982.

Early the next morning the delegations boarded the plane for Yerevan and were taken to Armenia Hotel, now known as Armenia Marriott Hotel Yerevan. Later, at an official event, the urn was transferred to the Writers Union. 

Over the course of the next few days, the Yerevan and U.S. delegations explored the city together and attended many events. They went around the city in free taxi rides, this being a luxury bestowed particularly upon the Saroyan Quartet on behalf of the generosity of the taxi drivers. Every time Papayan visited their hotel, he pulled out his briefcase, stuffed to the brim with ingredients and tools for coffee, and made everyone cups of coffee.

William Saroyan’s urn is presented to the Writers Union at the official event. Photo includes Vahagn Davtyan, Allan Jendian, Robert Demir, Dr. Dickran Kouymdjian, Vardges Petrosyan, Hrachya Hovhannisyan, Vardges Hamazaspyan and others. Yerevan, Armenia. 1982.

A day after watching one of Papayan’s plays at a theater, the group decided to visit one of the writer’s homes. There happened to be no taxis out at this time, so Papayan hailed a bus instead and earnestly explained who they were and the unfortunate predicament that had left them with no transportation. “The bus driver, then knowing this was the Saroyan Quartet, went off the route and took us,” said Jendian.

Several days later, on May 29, 1982, the burial of the urn took place at Yerevan’s Komitas Pantheon. The observance lasted two hours and consisted of numerous speeches. Jendian stood on the dignitaries platform along with the Writers Union Members, First Secretary of the Armenia SSR Karen Demerdjian, and other dignitaries, alongside thousands of admirers who came to honor Saroyan’s life and cultural contributions. 

The burial of William Saroyan’s ashes at Komitas Pantheon. The dignitaries’ platform. Vardges Petrosyan and Vardges Hamazaspyan stand behind the microphones, alongside First Secretary of the Armenia SSR, Karen Demerdjian (left). May 29, 1982. Yerevan, Armenia.

Jendian visited Armenia several more times after this event. In 1995, Jendian returned to Armenia as a delegate representing the National Ecclesiastical Assembly for the election of the Catholicos of All Armenians. At this event, 13 years after the burial of Saroyan’s urn, when Jendian entered the Cathedral of Holy Etchmiadzin during a procession, his eyes met Papayan’s. 

The burial of William Saroyan’s ashes at Komitas Pantheon. The dignitaries’ platform, including the U.S. and Yerevan delegations, Writers Union members, Armenian government officials and other dignitaries.

Life has a way about it sometimes, as it delicately weaves the past and present together into images of unforgettable people.

“It took me back to when I first met him,” said Jendian. “Many years later, neither of us forgot each other. [Papayan] was a really nice man. Very bubbly. Somewhat reminds me of Bill.”

William Saroyan was the reason Jendian and Papayan met. Dr. Tony Saroyan was the reason Jendian met me, Papayan’s great-granddaughter. Life has a way about it sometimes, as it delicately weaves the past and present together into images of unforgettable people. Jendian and I are a snapshot of such moments. When worlds collide and memories revive, they help us breathe life into the photos in our possession. Through his own memories, Jendian helped me gain a clearer understanding of my great-grandfather.

“He was a warm, very gentle person. With his white wavy hair and all, you can’t miss him. Even today while we are talking,” said Jendian, “I could just picture him.”

Dignitaries and citizens gather around in Komitas Pantheon to mourn William Saroyan.

Jane Partizpanyan is the Development Assistant for the Armenian American Museum and Cultural Center of California, a historic world-class project currently under construction. She is also a regular contributor to The Armenian Weekly and a published poet, having been featured in several literary journals and magazines. She holds a bachelor's degree in journalism and public relations from California State University, Northridge, where she graduated magna cum laude.


Negotiations underway for the construction of nuclear power units in Armenia: Overchuk

 15:31,

YEREVAN, DECEMBER 15, ARMENPRESS. The Armenian and Russian parties are currently negotiating regarding the construction of new nuclear power units in Armenia, Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Alexey Overchuk said on December 15 at the intergovernmental session on economic cooperation between the Republic of Armenia and the Russian Federation. 

The Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation emphasized that cooperation in the field of peaceful uses of nuclear energy is an extremely important topic in relations between Russia and Armenia.

"We are grateful that the decision has been made to extend the term of operation of the Armenian NPP, and the Russian company has been appointed as the executor," Overchuk said.

“As for the new nuclear power units, negotiations are also underway," concluded Russian Deputy Prime Minister.

Prime Minister Pashinyan meets UN Under-Secretary-General Rabab Fatima

 19:28,

YEREVAN, DECEMBER 14, ARMENPRESS.  Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan received Rabab Fatima, UN Under-Secretary-General and High Representative for LDCs.

The Prime Minister emphasized the holding of the Ministerial Meeting of Landlocked Developing Countries in Yerevan and expressed confidence that the discussions would be productive, the Prime Minister's Office said in a readout.

The Prime Minister emphasized the importance of implementing programs aimed at the development and cooperation of landlocked countries. In this context, the Prime Minister touched upon the possibilities of opening communication channels in the region and the steps of the Armenian government in that direction.

Rabab Fatima noted that the meeting held in Yerevan on the theme “promoting equitable, affordable and inclusive transport connectivity for sustainable and resilient economies ” is an official thematic meeting ahead of the Third Landlocked Developing Countries Conference (LLDC), which will be held in Kigali in June 2024.

The UN Deputy Secretary-General, on behalf of the UN Secretary-General, invited Prime Minister Pashinyan to participate in the event in Kigali.
UN Under-Secretary-General on behalf of the UN Secretary General invited Prime Minister Pashinyan to take part in the event in Kigali.



Statement: Azerbaijan releases 32 Armenian military servicemen

 21:06, 7 December 2023

YEREVAN, DECEMBER 7, ARMENPRESS.  The staff of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia and the administration of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan  has issued a joint statement, the office of the Prime Minister of Armenia said.

The statement reads as follows:

"The Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan share the view that there is a historical chance to achieve a long-awaited peace in the region. Two countries reconfirm their intention to normalize relations and to reach the peace treaty on the basis of respect for the principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity.

Following the talks between the Office of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia and the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Azerbaijan, an agreement has been reached on taking tangible steps towards building confidence between two countries.

Driven by the values of humanism and as a gesture of goodwill, the Republic of Azerbaijan releases 32 Armenian military servicemen.

In its turn, driven by the values of humanism and as a gesture of goodwill, the Republic of Armenia releases 2 Azerbaijani military servicemen.

As a sign of good gesture, the Republic of Armenia supports the bid of the Republic of Azerbaijan to host the 29th Session of the Conference of Parties (COP29) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, by withdrawing its own candidacy. The Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan do hope that the other countries within the Eastern European Group will also support Azerbaijan’s bid to host. As a sign of good gesture, the Republic of Azerbaijan supports the Armenian candidature for Eastern European Group COP Bureau membership.

The Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan will continue their discussions regarding the implementation of more confidence building measures, effective in the near future and call on the international community to support their efforts that will contribute to building mutual trust between two countries and will positively impact the entire South Caucasus region."

RFE/RL Armenian Service – 12/07/2023

                                        Thursday, December 7, 2023


Yerevan, Baku Announce Prisoner Deal


Armenia - A French military plane with eight Armenian prisoners of war freed by 
Azerbaijan on board is seen at Yerevan airport, February 7, 2022.


Azerbaijan will free 32 Armenian prisoners of war in exchange for the release of 
two Azerbaijani soldiers detained in Armenia and Yerevan’s support for Baku’s 
bid to host the COP29 climate summit, the two sides announced late on Thursday.

In a joint statement, the offices of Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev and 
Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian said the deal is the result of 
negotiations held by them. They pledged to discuss “more confidence-building 
measures in the near future.”

“The two states reaffirm their intention to normalize relations and negotiate a 
peace treaty based on respect for the principles of sovereignty and territorial 
integrity,” said the statement.

Baku did not immediately identify the Armenian POWs that will be repatriated by 
it. A similar number of Armenian soldiers as well as eight current and former 
leaders of Nagorno-Karabakh will remain in Azerbaijani captivity.

The Azerbaijani servicemen to be freed by Yerevan are apparently the conscripts 
who were detained in April after crossing into Armenia’s Syunik province from 
Azerbaijan’s Nakhichevan exclave. One of them was charged with murdering a 
Syunik resident one day before his detention. Armenia’s Court of Appeals 
sentenced him to life in prison earlier this week.

The latest prisoner deal followed U.S. Assistant Secretary of State James 
O’Brien’s visit to Baku. O’Brien’s discussed with Aliyev U.S. efforts to 
kick-start talks on the Armenian-Azerbaijani peace treaty. In what may have been 
a related development, a U.S. special envoy for the Armenia-Azerbaijan peace 
talks, Louis Bono, met with Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan in Yerevan on 
Thursday.




Head Of Armenian Anti-Graft Watchdog Removed From Office

        • Astghik Bedevian

Armenia - Haykuhi Harutiunian, head of Commission on Prevention of Corruption, 
speaks at a seminar in Yerevan, February 8, 2023.


The Armenian parliament effectively fired on Thursday the head of a state 
anti-corruption body who has investigated many pro-government lawmakers 
suspected of illicit enrichment, conflict of interest or other corrupt practices.

Haykuhi Harutiunian was elected by the previous National Assembly as chairwoman 
of the Commission on Prevention of Corruption for a four-year term in November 
2019. Armenia’s government and ruling Civil Contract party were expected to back 
her reelection until recently.

However, Armenian media reported last month that during a meeting with 
Harutiunian held behind the closed doors some parliamentarians affiliated with 
Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian’s party complained about the commission’s actions 
taken against them, their relatives or friends.

Speaking in the parliament on Wednesday, Harutiunian said that “up to 25” Civil 
Contract deputies have been investigated for possible conflict of interest or 
inaccurate asset declarations submitted to the commission.

Many pro-government deputies openly attacked Harutiunian during a two-day heated 
debate on her candidacy. Some of them claimed that members of her own family did 
not file such declarations for two years, while another said Harutiunian 
arranged for her sister to hold a “seminar” for the anti-graft watchdog’s 
members and staffers.

“My sister has never participated in any activity financed by the commission,” a 
visibly angry Harutiunian insisted on Thursday.

Armenia - Deputies from the ruling Civil Contract party talk on the parliament 
floor, Yerevan, March 1, 2023.

She was also attacked by Arsen Torosian, another Pashinian ally who was 
investigated in 2020 in his then capacity as health minister. Harutiunian 
accused Torosian at the time of conflict of interest stemming from a lucrative 
procurement contract awarded by him to a company owned by his wife. Other 
commission members disagreed with her at the time.

Torosian claimed on Thursday that the probe was politically motivated. “Ms. 
Harutiunian, if that campaign continues -- and it appears to be continuing -- 
please look for other heroes,” he said.

“You are not my hero,” shot back the anti-corruption official. “I’m afraid you 
can never become one.”

Meanwhile, opposition lawmakers defended Harutiunian. One of them, Artsvik 
Minasian, praised her “political will” to fight against corruption and accused 
the authorities of seeking to “usurp” the body scrutinizing the declared assets 
of the country’s leading state officials.

Not surprisingly, the parliament’s pro-government majority blocked Harutiunian’s 
re-appointment by boycotting an ensuing vote.

Several Armenian civic organizations expressed serious concern over such a 
prospect earlier this week. In a joint statement, they urged Civil Contract’s 
parliamentary group not to “succumb to the desires of a few members driven by 
self-interest” and to delay the vote.

Pashinian has repeatedly claimed to have eliminated “systemic corruption” in 
Armenia. However, members of his entourage are increasingly accused by media 
outlets of enriching themselves or their cronies and breaking their 
anti-corruption promises given during the 2018 “velvet revolution.” There are 
also growing questions about integrity in public procurement administered by the 
current government.




European Court Rules Against Ousted Armenian Judges

        • Naira Bulghadarian

France - A view of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, Janury 26, 
2023.


The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has dismissed an appeal filed more 
than three years ago by the former chairman and three other members of Armenia’s 
Constitutional Court against their dismissal engineered by Prime Minister Nikol 
Pashinian.

The judges came under strong government pressure to resign in 2019, with 
Pashinian accusing them of maintaining close ties to Armenia’s former government 
and impeding his “judicial reforms.” They did not bow to the pressure, leading 
Pashinian’s administration to enact controversial constitutional amendments a 
year later.

The amendments extended a 12-year term limit to all nine members of the 
Constitutional Court, thereby mandating the immediate dismissal of three court 
justices who had taken the bench in the 1990s. They also required Hrayr 
Tovmasian to quit as court chairman while allowing him to remain a judge.

Tovmasian and the three ousted judges -- Alvina Gyulumian, Felix Tokhian and 
Hrant Nazarian -- said the amendments are null and void because they were not 
sent to the Constitutional Court for examination prior to their passage. The 
Armenian opposition also accused Pashinian’s political team of violating this 
legal requirement.

Armenia -- Constitutional Court Chairman Hrayr Tovmasian reads out a court 
ruling, Yerevan, March 17, 2020.

Tovmasian, Gyulumian, Tokhian and Nazarian went on to appeal to the ECHR, saying 
that they were forced out in violation of several articles of the European 
Convention on Human Rights. One of those articles guarantees their “access to 
court.”

In its long-awaited ruling made public on Thursday, the Strasbourg-based court 
refused to invalidate or challenge in any away their ouster, saying that it 
resulted from the constitutional changes “not directed against them 
specifically.” It claimed to have found no “evidence of the authorities singling 
out any of the applicants with negative remarks about their professional 
performance, personality or moral values.”

Pashinian and his political allies never made secret of the fact that the 
amendments are designed to help them get rid of Constitutional Court members 
installed during former Presidents Serzh Sarkisian’s and Robert Kocharian’s 
rule. The prime minister stated in 2019 that they must resign because they do 
not “represent the people.”

The ECHR ruling also cited statements on the issue made by the Venice Commission 
of the Council of Europe in 2020. While largely backing the constitutional 
amendments, the commission criticized the Pashinian administration’s refusal to 
introduce a transitional period that would “allow for a gradual change in the 
composition of the court in order to avoid any abrupt and immediate change 
endangering the independence of this institution.”

Tovmasian and his sacked colleagues did not immediately react to the ruling. 
Siranush Sahakian, a lawyer representing them, told RFE/RL’s Armenian Service 
that she is now examining the text and will comment later.

Armenia -- Supporters of Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian block the entrance to 
the Constitutional Court building in Yerevan, May 20, 2019.

As a result of the 2020 amendments, two more Constitutional Court members 
resigned in the following years. The vast majority of the court’s current judges 
have been handpicked by Armenia’s current political leadership and confirmed by 
the parliament loyal to it.

The Pashinian government has also installed virtually all members of the Supreme 
Judicial Council (SJC), a powerful body overseeing Armenian courts. The judicial 
watchdog is now headed by Karen Andreasian, Pashinian’s former justice minister 
who was affiliated with the ruling Civil Contract party until September 2022.

Over the past year, the SJC has fired a number of respected judges and launched 
disciplinary proceedings against others, stoking opposition allegations that 
Pashinian is seeking to further curb judicial independence in Armenia under the 
guise of Western-backed “judicial reforms.” Opposition leaders have accused the 
West of turning a blind eye to this for geopolitical reasons.




Armenia, Azerbaijan ‘Not Discussing’ New Date For U.S.-Mediated Talks

        • Shoghik Galstian

U.S. - U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken hosts talks between Foreign 
Minsters Ararat Mirzoyan of Armenia and Jeyhun Bayramov of Azerbaijan in 
Arlington, May 4, 2023.


Armenia and Azerbaijan have not yet agreed on a new date for fresh talks between 
their foreign ministers in Washington, Armenian parliament speaker Alen Simonian 
said on Thursday.

U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken was scheduled to host the talks on 
November 20. However, Baku cancelled them in protest against what it called 
pro-Armenian statements made by James O’Brien, the U.S. assistant secretary of 
state for Europe and Eurasia.

Speaking during a congressional hearing in Washington on November 15, O’Brien 
condemned Azerbaijan’s September 19-20 military offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh 
and warned Baku against attacking Armenia to open a land corridor to its 
Nakhichevan exclave.

Blinken telephoned Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian and Azerbaijani 
President Ilham Aliyev before sending O’Brien to Baku this week. The latter 
described his talks with Aliyev and Azerbaijani Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov 
as “positive and constructive.”

“As I told President Aliyev … Secretary Blinken looks forward to hosting foreign 
ministers Bayramov and Mirzoyan in Washington soon for peace negotiations,” the 
U.S. diplomat tweeted early on Thursday.

Simonian insisted that Yerevan and Baku are not even discussing yet possible 
time frames for those negotiations.

“We have said that we are not refusing any meetings,” he told reporters. “The 
Azerbaijani side has declined at least three invitations [from Western 
mediators.] We hope that it will become more constructive.”

Aliyev twice cancelled meetings with Pashinian which the European Union planned 
to organize in October. The two leaders were due to try to bridge their 
remaining differences on an Armenian-Azerbaijani peace treaty.

Aliyev cautioned on Wednesday that the treaty alone would not guarantee a 
lasting peace between the two South Caucasus nations. He said he wants to secure 
safeguards against Armenian “revanchism.”

“In order to prevent revanchism, he should form a peace agenda together with 
us,” countered Simonian. “There is no other way.”



Reposted on ANN/Armenian News with permission from RFE/RL
Copyright (c) 2023 Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, Inc.
1201 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20036.

 

Pashinyan’s statement expressing support for Georgia’s unity has stirred outrage in Abkhazia

Nov 27 2023

Pashinyan angered Abkhazia

Prime minister Nikol Pashinyan recently stated, “In my public statements, I have reiterated multiple times that we fully and unequivocally support the unity and statehood of Georgia.” His remarks faced criticism from several ethnic Armenian members of the Abkhazian parliament, as they issued a statement expressing disapproval of the Armenian Prime Minister’s words.


Pashinyan answers Armenian citizens’ questions for eight hours: main points
“Guarantee of equal rights, including to property”: How to solve the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict, VIDEO


“After the tragedy in Artsakh, where the current Armenian leadership condemned 120,000 of its own citizens living in Nagorno-Karabakh to eviction, one might have chosen to leave Pashinyan’s recent speech uncommented. However, the assertion of supporting the territorial integrity of Georgia appeared too cynical.

Cynical not because the Republic of Abkhazia is an independent state with no affiliation to sovereign Georgia, but because just a couple of years ago, Yerevan was vehemently asserting that Artsakh is Armenia and would not permit any Azerbaijani encroachment on Karabakh’s territory,” stated MPs Galust Trapizonian, Levon Galustian, Ashot Minasyan, and Eric Rshtuni.

Abkhazian president Aslan Bzhania remarked that “Pashinyan’s endorsement of Georgia’s “unity, sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence, and democracy” fundamentally conflicts with Abkhazia’s sovereignty.”

He further noted that the Armenian community in Abkhazia is present across various aspects of life, encompassing politics to culture.

“Armenians in Abkhazia have everything that Nikol Pashinyan could not ensure for the Armenians of Karabakh, who, due to his policies, experienced the tragedy of statehood collapse and a mass exodus from their homeland. Furthermore, a consequence of Nikol Pashinyan’s policies was the breach of the territorial integrity of the Republic of Armenia itself.”

Originally, Bzhania’s statement contained a paragraph asserting that “Abkhazia, unlike Armenia and Georgia, controls its entire territory.” This stance did not find favor with the opposition RESPUBLICA Telegram channel.

“Georgia regards Abkhazia and South Ossetia as part of its territory, a perspective we do not share. However, given that Aslan Bzhania acknowledges the existence of ‘his’ uncontrolled territories within Georgia, it implies recognition of their presence. We anticipate clarifications from the Presidential Administration,” states RESPUBLICA.

No clarification was provided, but the paragraph mentioned earlier disappeared from Bzhania’s statement.


Toponyms, terminology, views and opinions expressed by the author are theirs alone and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of JAMnews or any employees thereof. JAMnews reserves the right to delete comments it considers to be offensive, inflammatory, threatening or otherwise unacceptable


Carnet de Passages en Douane: travel facilitated for Armenians driving to Iran

Tehran Times, Iran
Nov 22 2023
  1. Tourism
– 17:33

TEHRAN – Arrival in Iran has been facilitated for Armenians willing to visit the neighboring country in their own cars.

Based on the recent agreement that the Touring & Automobile Club of Iran inked with its Armenian counterpart, they agreed to facilitate land traffic with personal and commercial vehicles for passport holders of the landlocked country. 

The agreement relies on the Carnet de Passages en Douane, or CPD, which is the international customs document covering the temporary admission of motor vehicles.

Such assistance has previously been provided for Turkish and Iraqi drivers willing to visit the Islamic Republic. 

Pursuing a border-easing scheme, the Iranian government mulls abolishing visa requirements for passport holders from 68 countries. The country seeks to encourage overseas travelers, though available evidence suggests it will not be finalized shortly.

Asghar Shalbafian, the deputy tourism minister, says the visa waiver incentive will mostly be granted to neighboring countries as well as those considered emerging markets with considerable population and per capita income.

The tentative list includes Argentina, South Africa, Indonesia, Jordan, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Estonia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ecuador, Algeria, UAE, Bahrain, Bolivia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Brazil, Belarus, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Paraguay, Peru, Tanzania, Tajikistan, Thailand, and Turkmenistan.

Tunisia, Czech Republic, Russia, Romania, Japan, Ivory Coast, Singapore, Senegal, Sudan, Seychelles, Chile, Serbia, Saudi Arabia, Ghana, Finland, Cyprus, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Qatar, Cameroon, Croatia, South Korea, Colombia, Comoros, Kuwait, Guinea, Poland, Luxembourg, Libya, Lithuania, Malaysia, Maldives, Hungary, Macedonia, Mexico, Mauritius, Mali, Madagascar, Niger, Vietnam, Yemen, Greece, and India constitute other states whose nationals may be granted visa-free access.

According to available data, foreign arrivals to Iran during the first seven months of the current Iranian year (started March 21) were up 40% compared to the same period last year, the deputy tourism minister said. “In the first seven months of this year, the arrival of overseas tourists to the country increased by 40% compared to the same period last year,” Ali- said.

The number of tourist arrivals is estimated to reach six million by the end of the current year (March 19, 2024), Shalbafian said last month. “With the [steady] increase in the arrival of foreign tourists, it is expected that the number of international arrivals will reach about 6 million by year-end.”

AFM

https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/491711/Carnet-de-Passages-en-Douane-travel-facilitated-for-Armenians

Erdogan urges Armenia to work with Turkey, Azerbaijan, warns on relying on west

Iran Front Post
Nov 21 2023

Armenia should work with Turkey and Azerbaijan to build peace instead of looking to the West for weapons and training, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has said, in thinly veiled criticism of the US and France.

Some Western powers have yet to realize that the Karabakh War has changed the Caucasus and the entire region, Erdogan said in a press conference on Monday after a lengthy cabinet meeting in Ankara. He was referring to last month’s epilogue to the 2020 conflict, which saw Azerbaijan reclaim the disputed territory of Nagorno-Karabakh, followed by the exodus of local ethnic Armenians.

“Those who incited Armenia for years and collected profit from the pain, troubles and conflicts of all the people living in this region actually inflicted the greatest damage on the Armenians,” Erdogan stated. While he did not name any names, the most prominent supporters of Yerevan in the West have been Paris and Washington.

“They abused Armenians, used them, and condemned them to insecurity by fueling unrealistic dreams. Armenia now needs to see and accept this fact,” Erdogan added.

“It is better for the Armenian people and rulers to seek security in peace and cooperation with their neighbors, not thousands of kilometers away.”

“No weapons and ammunition sent by Western countries can replace the peace that a permanent peace environment will provide,” Erdogan continued, urging Armenia to “accept the hand of peace extended by our Azerbaijani brothers.”

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan has sought to forge closer ties with NATO in the aftermath of the Karabakh conflict, whose outcome he tried to blame on treaty ally Russia. Both Moscow and Yerevan are members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO).

Earlier this month, Armenian deputy defense minister and chief of the general staff, Lieutenant-General Edvard Asryan, visited the US European Command HQ in Stuttgart, Germany. The visit was a “milestone” as the US and Armenia sought to “deliberately and incrementally develop our defense relationship,” EUCOM said in a statement afterward.

Yerevan has also reached out to Paris, making a deal last month to purchase unspecified new weapons systems from France. This has prompted Azerbaijan’s president Ilham Aliyev to declare that France would be responsible for any new conflict in the region. Aliyev also pulled out of the EU-hosted peace summit in Grenada in early October, accusing the bloc of hostility towards Baku.

Moscow has protested Armenia’s “hostile” actions and argued that there was nothing it could do to intervene in Nagorno Karabakh, not after Pashinyan himself explicitly and repeatedly recognized Azeri sovereignty over the disputed region.

France, the Caucasus, and Nagorno-Karabakh – Richard Giragosian

rfi
France – Nov 18 2023
By David Coffey – RFI
In this edition of Paris Perspective, we look at the recent conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the ethnic cleansing of the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave and France's influence in the Caucasus.

At the beginning of November, Germany insisted that European mediation was the best option for Armenia and Azerbaijan to reach a lasting peace agreement.

The Caucasus neighbours have been locked in a decades-long conflict for control of Azerbaijan's Armenian-populated region of Nagorno-Karabakh, which Baku reclaimed in a lightning offensive in September.

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan and Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev have held several rounds of peace talks under EU mediation and both leaders have said a peace treaty could be signed in the coming months.

However, last month, Aliyev refused to attend a round of peace talks with Pashinyan in the Spanish city of Granada, over what he said was France's "biased position".

French President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz had been scheduled to join European Council President Charles Michel as mediators at those talks.

So far, there has been no visible progress in EU efforts to organise a fresh round of negotiations.

From a brutal war in 1988 to the 2020 conflict in which over 6,000 people were killed in 6 weeks of fighting what lies behind the animosity between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave?

For Richard Giragosian, director of the Regional Studies Center think-tank based in the Armenian capital Yerevan, the hostile reationship between Yerevan and Baku is very much a construct of Soviet-era political machinations.

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"Nagorno-Karabakh has historically been an Armenian populated region that has been very much used as a pawn by Moscow. It was used by the Soviet Union to actually divide and rule in terms of keeping-up a contentious potential conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan," he explains.

After seven decades of Soviet rule, there was an eruption of violence even before the implosion of the USSR.

"The outbreak of violence was largely due to the onset of Gorbachev's reforms – Glasnost, Perestroika, the new degree of openness and examining taboos.

"What we saw was the eruption of nationalism that occurred between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh conflict," says Giragosian.

The conflict was also unique at the time, as it was the first to erupt within the borders of the Soviet Union.

"During the Gorbachev period," he explains, "it was especially significant because the conflict tended to distort the development of independent Armenia and Azerbaijan, in terms of conflict economics and the fact that [they] were already locked in war upon gaining independence."

Fast-forward to November 2020, and the two countries agreed to end a spike in hostilities that killed thousands over a six week period, signing a Russian-brokered peace agreement where Armenia – the loser – agreed to give up control of over 20 percent of territory captured by Azerbaijan.

Two thousand Russian peacekeepers were then deployed to Nagorno-Karabakh, but the most recent Azeri offensive against Armenian separatists in the enclave revealed the failure of Russia's mission to the region. 

"The war of 2020 was especially significant for several reasons," Giragosian explains. "First, it marked the emergence of a genuine military capacity by Azerbaijan to not only defend itself but to retake lost territory. It was also significant because it marked an end to years of Armenian arrogance and complacency."

Giragosian blames both sides for too many missed opportunities for compromise.

"Armenia, in many ways, was overly self-confident. But the most important casualty from 2020 was not the loss of territory, nor the loss of life, it was the demise of deterrence," he states.

"This ushered in a new period of insecurity on the ground, but for the Russian position, the Russians drafted and imposed their own ceasefire on both countries, and then failed to be able to uphold the terms. This is why Azerbaijan imposed a nine month blockade [on the enclave] and effectively seized control of Nagorno-Karabakh."

But for the think-tank director, it's the humiliation and weakness of the Russian peacekeepers that's most interesting – "Azerbaijan has become very good at challenging and defying the Kremlin," he tells Paris Perspective. 

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Recent images coming out of Nagorno-Karabakh drew many comparisons with the 1915 Armenian genocide, bringing to the fore the question of national identity as residents of the enclave are defacto Azerbaijani citizens.

Baku maintains that the people of “Artsakh” or the Armenian population of Karabakh have the same rights as Azeris, but what is the reality on the ground?

"First of all, even prior to the most recent escalation, there was little faith and no confidence in Azerbaijani promises, largely because of the historical record.

"During the Gorbachev period through to the 90s, there were a number of anti-Armenian massacres and egregious human rights violations. The situation has only gotten worse in recent years," Giragosian underlines. 

What was remarkable about the September 2023 conflict was the speed and success of the Azerbaijani military offensive and how easy it was for them to drive out the Armenian population. 

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So, was Azerbaijan's military objective to purge the enclave of all Armenians? 

"Yes," says Giragosian, "but what was interesting is their real objective was to have a protracted period [of conflict] for domestic political dividends within Azerbaijan."

Baku essentially expected a longer, protracted campaign "to maintain power that has a lack of legitimacy".

One could almost say that, politically, they were the victim of their own success, but "with dangerously high expectations," Giragosian adds. 

But what he finds interesting about the exodus from Nagorno-Karabakh – where the Armenian population was forced to leave with little more than they could pack into their cars – is that the refugees aren't looking to rebuild their lives in their ethnic homeland.

"Coming to Armenia, the core population of the last remnants of 100,000 Armenians are not necessarily keen to stay in Armenia. Many are now looking to go to Russia or European countries, because many of the Armenians from Karabakh have never lived in Armenia," Giragosian points out.

"I moved to Armenia over 15 years ago, and I'm as alien or foreign to the local Armenian experience as they are. And that's something we failed to understand," he underlines.

There is a massive Armenian diaspora in France, and Paris recently marked the 20th anniversary of its recognition of the genocide committed by the “Young Turk” administration in 1915. But in light of the recent conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, has France done enough to support Armenia and counter its isolation in the region?

Giragosian believes Paris has stepped up to the mark. 

"To be fair, French engagement has actually exceeded expectations. But at the same time, it's the EU's engagement that's both more significant and more effective than simple French actions."

He outlines that while President Macron's commitment to Armenia is important, a wider European context is necessary for sustaining the resilience of Armenia.

"The French will be announcing a package of military assistance to Armenia in the coming weeks, designed to provide a defensive capacity for Armenia. But it's the EU's engagement [that is important] because they're not trying to mediate the conflict, they are simply trying to facilitate a negotiated peace treaty.

"My worry is the day after and what is in store to ensure a lasting durable peace. That remains an open question and one in which France – within the EU – can actually work toward," Giragosian says.

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So when the peace talks really do get in motion, what will work in Armenia's favour and what kind of end game will create a lasting peace?

"Let me be provocative," Giragosian quips. "I think the real challenge now is less the peace treaty, and more Russia, for Armenia.

"If we look at the peace treaty – the specific elements – Nagorno-Karabakh is no longer an issue," he says.

Border demarcation, the restoration of trade and transport, the opening of road and railway links are all significant aspects of a bilateral peace agreement – which are positive in terms of moving beyond conflict – but the real challenge is Russia.

"In terms of Armenia now seeking greater room to manoeuvre, we're not seeking to replace Russia [as an ally], but we're seeking to offset Russia. For Armenia, Russia has emerged as a more serious challenge as an unreliable, so-called partner," Giragosian concludes.

Watch the full video here.

Written, produced and presented by David Coffey.

Recorded by Cécile Pompeani and Nicolas Doreau 

Edited by Erwan Rome

FULL INTERVIEW: Paris Perspective #41: France, the Caucasus and ethnic cleansing in Nagorno-Karabakh – Richard Giragosian

Listen to the interview at 

https://www.rfi.fr/en/podcasts/paris-perspective/20231118-paris-perspective-41-france-the-caucasus-and-the-ethnic-cleansing-of-nogorno-karabakh-%E2%80%93-richard-giragosiank

U.S. Congressman Adam Schiff’s resolution seeks sanctions against Azerbaijan for illegally holding Armenian prisoners

 11:15,

YEREVAN, NOVEMBER 10, ARMENPRESS. United States Congressman Adam Schiff (D-CA) has introduced legislation demanding Azerbaijan’s immediate release of Armenian prisoners of war, captured civilians, and political prisoners, including Nagorno-Karabakh government officials illegally detained during Azerbaijan’s ethnic cleansing last month, reported the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA).

The resolution specifically calls on the Biden Administration to impose sanctions under the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act on Azerbaijani government officials responsible for the illegal detention, torture, and extrajudicial killing of Armenian POWs. It also reiterates Congressional calls for the enforcement of Section 907 restrictions on U.S. military and security assistance to Azerbaijan.

“Azerbaijan is already guilty of grave atrocities committed during the recent war, and the continued illegal detention of Armenians compounds the problem. Azerbaijan’s treatment of these prisoners, including torture and killings, is heartbreaking and a direct threat to international law and order,” said Rep. Schiff. “My resolution urges the American government and international community to stand up to these gross human rights violations being perpetuated against the Armenian community by the Aliyev regime and return these prisoners back to their families.”

The resolution condemns Azerbaijan’s illegal detention of Nagorno-Karabakh civilian and military officials held as political prisoners: former Nagorno-Karabakh presidents Arkadi Ghukasyan, Bako Sahakyan, and Arayik Harutyunyan, former Nagorno-Karabakh Foreign Minister David Babayan, Speaker of Nagorno-Karabakh Parliament Davit Ishkhanyan, former Nagorno-Karabakh State Minister Ruben Vardanyan, and former Nagorno-Karabakh military commanders Levon Mnatsakanyan and David Manukyan.

Rep. Schiff’s resolution builds on similar legislation he and the Congressional Armenian Caucus led in 2021 (H.Res.240), which garnered broad bi-partisan support. The resolution’s call for U.S. sanctions on Azerbaijani leaders and enforcement of Section 907 restrictions on U.S. aid to Azerbaijan echoes bipartisan legislation (H.Res.108 / H.R.5683) and multiple Congressional letters to the Biden Administration which has garnered the support of over 100 Congressional leaders.