Review: Ararat: In Search By Frank Westerman

REVIEW: ARARAT: IN SEARCH BY FRANK WESTERMAN

Daily Telegraph
12:01pm BST 12/09/2008
UK

Richard Francis goes in search of the mythical mountain

One of the world’s most ancient and widespread stories is of a
virtuous and practical boat-builder who enabled life to survive a
great flood. The tale is told in the Torah, the Bible, the Koran
and the epic of Gilgamesh; its hero is called Noah, or Ziusudra,
or a host of other names. One of the places where Noah is believed
to have beached his ark is on Ararat.

The mountain has great mythical and religious significance, but
also has geological, political and historical identities. There
are continental faultlines beneath, perhaps volcanic fires within,
and conflicts all around, with Turkey, Russia and Iran jostling for
position. Armenian suffering, Kurdish aspirations and Christian-Muslim
rivalry boil across the countryside.

Along with the mountain, Ararat also explores the smaller-scale
complexities of the Dutch writer Frank Westerman’s first 40 years:
his childhood and beliefs, his marriage, his parenthood. The life of
the writer is refracted through the book’s subject.

Westerman can be artful and arch, particularly in the early part of
the book. He opens with his own deluge experience, when, as a young
boy, he was playing in the middle of a river just as the water level
was raised by dam controllers. Annoyingly, he abandons the story in
full flood, returning to it some pages later, where we discover that
though he was washed along by the surge, his parents, camping nearby,
never knew he had been in danger.

Similarly, he strains to make dramatic a blow-out in the oil field
where his father worked: "That was the situation in which our
little family found itself; no more threatening than that, but no
less threatening either." He was too young at the time to remember
it. "No one was killed and no one was injured. We were all able to
save our cars," said the engineer in charge.

Not much like the great flood, then.

But describing the life he led while writing the book is fair
enough. He goes mud walking in the Waddell Shallows, apparently
to prepare his muscles for the climb up Ararat, but really to pit
himself against the threat of inundation; the experience of being in
a vast stretch of water, mud sucking at his legs and safety far in
the distance, comes over vividly.

Equally absorbing are accounts of his visits to former school
and college teachers, a formidable group that sheds light on his
intellectual development and offers reflections on the relationship
between science and faith that becomes the book’s central concern.

The confrontation with Ararat, when we get to it, is an odd combination
of planning and improvisation.

Westerman buys all sorts of gear in the best mountaineering shop in
Amsterdam but does not try out his rigid "Category D" boots until
he is on the slopes (I picture him waddling like the Tin Man). He
negotiates for months with one expedition organiser, then switches
to another at the last minute.

Such inconsistencies reflect a curious and rather endearing ambiguity
about the nature of the climb: I couldn’t work out whether this was
proper mountaineering or an adventure holiday.

Plenty of oddballs were on the mountain slopes, mostly ark-seekers
"with their moustaches and ill-fitting trousers", the latest in a long
line of fundamentalists who contradict their faith, as Westerman points
out, by needing proof that Noah really did land somewhere nearby.

The trick, he decides, is to put the stress on "seeker" rather
than "ark", thus enabling himself to have something in common with
them. This enjoyable book ends in that spirit, just shy of Ararat’s
summit.

Fried Hopes For Soonest Opening Of Armenian-Turkish Border

FRIED HOPES FOR SOONEST OPENING OF ARMENIAN-TURKISH BORDER

PanARMENIAN.Net
11.09.2008 15:53 GMT+04:00

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ "We were delighted that the president of Armenia
reached out to President Gul and invited him to Yerevan and delighted
also that President Gul accepted the invitation," assistant secretary
of state for European and Eurasian affairs Daniel Fried told the
House Foreign Affairs Committee.

He said the United States had been encouraging Armenia and neighboring
Turkey and Azerbaijan to work toward settling their differences and
that this policy would remain in place.

"I’m glad that we have an ambassador going out there soon and we’d
certainly hope to see Armenia’s relative isolation end," Fried
said. "We want its borders open and its relations improved and we’re
going to work to that end," he added, Turkish Daily News reports.

Turkey’s President Abdullah Gul was in Yerevan on Sept. 6 to watch
a World Cup qualifier between the Armenian and Turkish national
teams. Before the match, the heads of state discussed possibilities
to normalize bilateral relations.

A1+ – Television Should Make Decision On Its Own

TELEVISION SHOULD MAKE DECISION ON ITS OWN

A1+
[05:41 pm] 10 September, 2008

Today Media support Internews organization expressed its opinion On
the Amendments to the RA Law on Television and Radio.

Based on the examination of the substantiation of the RA new draft law
On Making Amendments to the RA Law on Television and Radio, presented
to the NA discussion on the initiative of the RA government, it follows
that the Draft adoption is untimely and, taking into consideration
the volume and significance of the regulation subject, needs a policy
to be worked out and passed, stipulated by the RA law On Legal Acts
(Article 27.)

Of course, working out the policy and action plan is stipulated by
the 5th point of the draft substantiation. However, it is expected
to implement it only after passing the draft, which, in our opinion,
will become not only a source of legal uncertainty but will also
endanger the introduction of new participants into the radio and
television market through licensing. Meantime, it is apparent from
the substantiation that at this moment it is not possible to assess
the technical requirements and, especially, the expected expenses of
the state, citizens and private broadcasters.

Besides, it is not reasonable to consider the license allotment
"temporary and useless" (see the 5th point of the substantiation,)
as well as the license suspension, since broadcast digitization on
behalf of licensees can be stipulated as a mandatory condition for
allotting a license. Thus, we think that entrepreneurs will have
a chance to independently decide whether it is worth applying for
a license, and whether the investment repayment and the chance to
obtain income is real possibility. The latter will emerge from the
principle of free market, without making obstacles to the natural
development of the mass media.

Finally, it should be mentioned that, based on the strategic importance
of the Draft regulation area, as well as the circumstance that the
introduction of digital communication as a sphere of cooperation
between RA and EU is specifically mentioned in the European
Neighborhood Project, in our opinion, initiating public discussions
on the issue of the above-mentioned legislative improvement and the
profound examination of its applicability on behalf of the civil
society becomes extremely necessary.

Russia Courts Old Allies, Steps Up Defiance Of The West

RUSSIA COURTS OLD ALLIES, STEPS UP DEFIANCE OF THE WEST
by Fred Weir

Christian Science Monitor
September 8, 2008, Monday

Russia is groping for fresh ways to engage with the world after its
lightning-fast summer war with Georgia chilled relations with the
West and dismayed even some of its closest regional allies.

"We are facing the beginning of a complete review of Russian foreign
policy," says Fyodor Lukyanov, editor of Russia in Global Affairs,
a leading Moscow foreign-policy journal. "Things have changed and,
based on what Russian leaders are saying, our long effort to integrate
with Western institutions, to become part of the Western system,
is over. The aim now is to be an independent power in a multipolar
world in which Russia is a major player."

Analysts here are divided over whether a "new cold war" between Russia
and the West is in the offing, but a growing sense of isolation is
leading Moscow to circle the wagons closer to home and to revive
alliances with former Soviet allies such as Syria and Cuba, and new
partners such as Venezuela.

At a State Council meeting with Russian regional leaders Saturday,
President Dmitry Medvedev announced that national security will have
to be bolstered to counteract unnamed forces "who are trying to exert
political pressure on Russia."

In a series of statements over the past week Mr. Medvedev has spelled
out what amounts to a Russian version of the Monroe Doctrine, warning
that Moscow will intervene to protect its citizens and business
interests, particularly in the "near abroad," meaning the former
Soviet Union. "The events in [Georgia’s breakaway province of South
Ossetia] showed that Russia will not allow anyone to infringe upon
the lives and dignity of its citizens, that Russia is a state to be,
from now on, reckoned with," he told the regional leaders.

The basic message to the West is "don’t even think of parking here,"
says Natalya Narochnitskaya, former deputy chair of the State Duma’s
foreign relations commission and now an executive of the Moscow-based
Institute for Democracy and Cooperation, which is funded by Russian
business interests.

After a decade that has seen NATO – a 26-nation Western military
alliance – absorb all the former USSR’s allies and move to the
borders of Russia itself, and the US move to install strategic
antimissile weapons in Poland and the Czech Republic, Moscow has had
enough. "There is a red line, where Russia cannot accept further
pressure on its borders in its traditional geopolitical arena,"
Ms. Narochnitskaya says.

Multipolar era emerging?

Russian policy-makers say the world order has shifted from the
bipolar arrangement of the four-decade-long standoff between the
US and the USSR, to a brief period of American preeminence, to an
emerging multi-polar era in which many powerful players will have to
learn to work out their differences.

"We need new mechanisms for strategic security cooperation, because
the old ones are not working," says Andrei Klimov, a member of the
State Duma’s international affairs committee. "There is a new reality
in the world, and we need to discuss it openly."

At the center of the current storm are Georgia and Ukraine, both NATO
aspirants that Vice President Dick Cheney visited last week with a
message of support that is bound to further antagonize Moscow.

Ukraine, a nation deeply divided between pro-Western and Russified
parts that is currently sliding into a renewed political crisis, could
face intense Russian pressure if it presses on with its bid for NATO
membership. "In many Western countries there are already protests
against this crazy idea of getting Georgia and Ukraine into NATO,"
says Mr. Klimov. "It’s a formula for crisis inside NATO."

Narochnitskaya, like many other Russian experts, insists that Moscow
probably wouldn’t attempt to break up or annex Ukraine if it declared
neutrality and became a kind of buffer state between East and West,
akin to Finland’s unique status during the cold war. They insist that
Moscow’s objection is to Ukraine joining a military alliance, and not
to its economic or political cooperation with the West in general. "The
majority of Ukrainians identify themselves as an independent Slavic
nation," Narochnitskaya says. "But they don’t need to build their
national identity on hostility to Russia."

Moscow has been putting out feelers to former Soviet allies, such as
Syria and Cuba, as well as emerging partners like Venezuela. A Russian
delegation led by Deputy Prime Minister Igor Sechin visited Havana
in early July to explore rebuilding Soviet-era economic and security
ties. Medvedev discussed sophisticated arms sales and the possibility
of the Russian Navy using former Soviet port facilities at Tartus,
on the Mediterranean, when Syrian President Bashar al-Assad visited
Moscow in late August. The Russian Foreign Ministry expressed "deep
satisfaction" last week when another old Soviet crony, Nicaraguan
President Daniel Ortega, became the first foreign leader to extend
diplomatic recognition to South Ossetia and the other breakaway
Georgian territory, Abkhazia.

New contacts a warning to the US

But any talk of reviving the USSR’s alliance system may be deliberate
disinformation intended to remind Washington of its own regional
sensitivities. "Russia doesn’t have any resources [to match the US
around the world], and no desire to do so anymore," says Mikhail
Delyagin, director of the independent Institute of Globalization
Problems in Moscow.

But even in its own backyard, Moscow is finding its tough new stance
a hard sell. On Friday, at a summit of the Moscow-led, seven-member
Collective Security Treaty Organization (which includes Armenia,
Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan),
Medvedev won backing for Russia’s crushing military rebuff of Georgia’s
attempt to retake South Ossetia, but found not one ally willing to
follow Moscow’s lead in establishing diplomatic ties with the tiny
pro-Moscow enclave.

Experts say Medvedev has received an even cooler response from
Russia’s traditional Asian friends, China and India. Both nations
generously supported Moscow’s decade-long effort to suppress its own
separatist challenge in Chechnya and backed its angry opposition to
Western recognition of Kosovo’s self-declared independence earlier
this year. At a summit of the influential Shanghai Cooperation
Organization last week, where China is a leading member and India
an observer, participants would only agree to a tepid statement that
expressed "support [for] Russia’s active role in facilitating peace
and cooperation" in the Caucasus region.

But being a neighbor of Russia has just gotten harder, say experts.

"Russia has demonstrated that it’s ready to use force outside its own
borders, and this means countries of the region are going to have to
take note and choose whom they listen to," on big geopolitical issues,
says Mr. Lukyanov.

"The space for maneuvering between East and West [for Russia’s
neighbors] is definitely shrinking," he says.

French President Nicolas Sarkozy travels to Moscow on Monday with
European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso and European Union
foreign-policy chief Javier Solana to encourage Medvedev to comply
with a month-old peace plan for Georgia. Meanwhile, Georgia seeks a
ruling from The Hague over its claims of human rights abuses against
ethnic Georgians in South Ossetia and Abkhazia.

Turkey beats Armenia 2-0 in World Cup qualifier

Associated Press Worldstream
September 6, 2008 Saturday 7:13 PM GMT

Turkey beats Armenia 2-0 in World Cup qualifier

YEREVAN Armenia

Tuncay Sanli and Semih Senturk scored second-half goals Saturday to
give Turkey a 2-0 win at Armenia in World Cup qualifying.

Tuncay gave the visitors the lead in the 61st minute, scoring from
close range. Senturk made it 2-0 in the 79th, capitalizing on a
defender’s mistake in the box.

Mehmet Aurelio had an early chance for Turkey but his powerful shot
from 14 meters (yards) four minutes into the game was blocked by
goalkeeper Roman Berezovsky.

Armenia replied with a chance in the 8th when Volkan Demirel saved
Gamlet Mkhitarian’s drive from 25 meters.

Neither side dominated the game before halftime, but Turkey looked
more organized.

The visitors came close midway through the first half when Emre
Delozoglu shaved the crossbar from the edge of the box in the 27th
minute. Three minutes later, Mevlut Erdins broke down the left flank
only to hit the outer side of the net.

Euro 2008 semifinalist Turkey dominated after the interval.

Arda Turan headed down a cross from the left to set up a goal for
Tuncay. Senturk stole the ball from Alexander Tatevosian in the box to
extend the lead and was close to making it 3-0 in the 81st but failed
to beat Berezovsky one-on-one.

The match was being played against the backdrop of decades of
animosity rooted in the WWI-era atrocities that began in 1915. The two
neighbors have no diplomatic ties. Turkey President Abdullah Gul
attended the match, becoming the first Turkish leader to visit Armenia
since the ex-Soviet nation declared independence in 1991.

On Wednesday, Turkey hosts Belgium and Armenia is at European champion
Spain.

Bosnia-Herzegovina and Estonia are also in Group 5.

Lineups:

Armenia: Roman Berezovsky, Sargis Hovsepian, Robert Arzumanian (Romik
Hachatrian, 40), Alexander Tatevosian, Aghvan Mkrtchian, Levon
Pachagaian, Artur Voskanian, Ararat Arakelian, Artavas Karamian,
Gamlet Mkhitarian (Robert Zebelian, 65), Edgar Manucharian (Arman
Karamian, 76).

Turkey: Volkan Demirel, Servet Cetim, Hakan Balta, Gokhan Zan, Emre
Delozoglu, Gokhan Gonul, Semih Senturk (Gokhan Unal, 83), Arda Turan,
Mehmet Aurelio, Tuncay Sanli (Ayhan Akman, 65), Mevlut Erdins (Kazim
Kazim, 56).

Turkish, Armenian presidents say they want to resolve tensions

Focus News, Bulgaria
Sept 6 2008

Turkish, Armenian presidents say they want to resolve tensions

6 September 2008 | 22:07 | FOCUS News Agency

Yerevan. The presidents of Turkey and Armenia said Saturday there now
is a "political will" to resolve decades of animosity, following
landmark talks in Yerevan, AFP reported.

"I hope that this visit will create the possiblity to improve
bilateral relations," said Gul at a joint press conference in Yerevan
with Armenian President Serzh Sarkisian.

Sarkisian declared there now is a "political will to decide the
questions between our countries, so that these problems are not passed
on to the next generation".

Sarkozy welcomes Gul’s ‘courageous, historic’ visit to Armenia

EUbusiness (press release), UK
Sept 6 2008

Sarkozy welcomes Gul’s ‘courageous, historic’ visit to Armenia

06 September 2008, 22:59 CET

(PARIS) – French President Nicolas Sarkozy on Saturday welcomed
Turkish counterpart Abdullah Gul’s visit to neighbouring Armenia as
"courageous and historic."

"While the region is in the midst of a serious crisis, (his visit) is
a courageous and historic gesture for Turkish-Armenian relations,"
Sarkozy, who currently holds the European Union’s rotating presidency,
said in a statement.

"It allows hope for progress soon in establishing normal relations
between Turkey and Armenia," he added.

Gul made his landmark visit to Turkey’s eastern neighbour — the first
by a Turkish head of state to the ex-Soviet nation — for the first of
two World Cup qualifiers between the two national teams.

The two countries — which have no diplomatic relations — have waged
an international diplomatic battle over Yerevan’s efforts to have the
1915-1917 massacre of Armenians recognised as genocide.

Sarkozy paid "tribute to the political courage of President Gul and
President (Serzh) Sarkisian" and said he was hoping that reaching out
will allow both countries to show the world that "reconciliation is
possible through openness, dialogue and the respect of others."

ANKARA: Hrant’s dream

Turkish Daily News
Sept 6 2008

Hrant’s dream

by Cengiz Ã?ANDAR

Since he was gunned down and laid down on the pavement covered in
blood, Turkey has never stopped remembering him. If archives were
scanned from from Jan. 19, 2007, from that Friday to yesterday, it
would be seen that there was not a single day that we did not remember
Hrant Dink, the slain Armenian-Turkish journalist.

If years from now we look back, the day on which Hrant was shot to be
killed, will be regarded as a turning point for so many things in
Turkey. Hrant was a man of emotion whom could be recognized for that
easily by others and was full of joy. He was extremely loyal to this
land.

And his biggest mission was the establishment of diplomatic ties
between Turkey and Armenia, opening the border gate; in short,
normalization in relations. This was his purpose of life; adding more
meaning into his life.

Gül in Yerevan:

So President Abdullah Gül will pay a visit to Armenia Saturday
and meet his counterpart Serzh Sarkisian to watch the Turkey-Armenia
football match for the World Cup qualifiers. This was exactly Hrant’s
dream. Even if for nothing else, we, as his friends and his fans,
wholeheartedly supported Gül’s visit to Armenia. It was our
voice of conscience.

Three years ago, in Nov. 2005, Hrant completed his book titled `Two
Close Nations Two Distant Neighbors’. This is the only book Hrant
wrote and I requested Gül to read this book in my article the
other day. His book was published in June by the International Hrant
Dink Foundation, since its publication was delayed by others who were
supposed to publish it. Now we have a guidebook on how to approach
Turkey-Armenia relations.

Aside from his ardent and sentimental personality you will realize how
important a man of thought he was, when you read the book.`Two Close
Nations Two Close Neighbors’ is one that can only be written by a
veteran political scientist or political sociologist.

The author of this book views the Armenian world in three parts: `The
State of Armenia and its people is on one side, the Diaspora around
the world is on the other and of course the presence of the Armenians
living in Turkey although they have very limited role as an actor.’

The Turkish Armenians, he mentions in the book, created the most
significant persona of the Armenian world. He was Hrant who was
killed; his body was laid down in blood on the pavement Jan. 19,
2007. His modesty most certainly wouldn’t have allowed us to present
him as we did here. But we all know that it is so.

But how was he, Hrant, describing himself? Let’s look at a few lines
in the first paragraph of his book:

`I have two personalities. I am aware of both. First, I am from
Turkey, a citizen of the Republic of Turkey¦ Second I am an
Armenian. Although I am part of the Armenian community in Turkey I am,
at the same time, a moral part of the Armenian Diaspora scattered
around the world and I have kinship with them.

For all these reasons, if some people want progress in the
Turkish-Armenian relations for some reason, I do have more reasons
than what they have, at least twice as much. No matter which
personality of mine is of interest to you, it doesn’t make any
difference. I, with my both personalities, see the progress in
Turkey-Armenia relations and their normalization as my indispensible
duty.’

Biggest historic truce?:

Today, Sept. 6 is the anniversary of one of the most shameful pages of
the near-past history of Turkey; Sept. 6-7, 1955. On the other side,
today will perhaps be remembered as the anniversary of the `new page’
in solution to the Armenian conflict, of the `biggest historic truce’.

In the epilogue, Hrant asks, `The real question is this: How will
Turkey resolve the Armenian conflict?’ And his short answer is as
follows:

`There is only one way to solve this problem which is exploited by the
West against Turkey. And that is finding a way to have direct dialogue
with Armenians. Channels of this dialogue should be opened from three
separate points. The first is improvement of state-to-state or
society-society relations. The second is the solution of problems
Turkish Armenians having, without needing any external imposition or
warning. The third is to gain the Diaspora Armenians who are Anatolian
descents.’

We are heading to the Armenian capital Yerevan with `Hrant’s
dream’. Every single moment we spend there will be a moment of silence
for Hrant Dink.

Armenians Of Turkey Welcome Gul’s Visit

ARMENIANS OF TURKEY WELCOME GUL’S VISIT

AZG Armenian Daily
05/09/2008

Armenia-Turkey

Turkish "Jihan" agency conducted a survey among Armenians of
Turkey connected with Gul’s visit to Yerevan and had the following
answers. For example, Hanefi Demirji said that the visit may build
a bridge of friendship between the two peoples. At the same time,
he criticized the leader of Turkish opposition People’s Republican
Party Deniz Baykal who was against the visit.

Jesur Yulduz, Shahin Payel, and also Murad Ekmeckchioghlu also welcomed
Gul’s decision to visit Yerevan underlining that it is a good occasion
for establishment and development of bilateral friendly relations.

In his turn Alen Teckbuchak mentioned that it’s time to put aside the
enmity of past. "It’s time to leave the history to the historians. In
this day and age establishment of friendly relations between the two
countries is useful from both economic and social aspects", he said.

Levon Ter-Petrosian Compares Eavesdropping On Phone Calls Of His Hea

LEVON TER-PETROSIAN COMPARES EAVESDROPPING ON PHONE CALLS OF HIS HEADQUARTERS’ HEAD TO WATERGATE CASE

Noyan Tapan

Se p 3, 2008

YEREVAN, SEPTEMBER 3, NOYAN TAPAN. During the September 2 press
conference, the leader of the opposition, first president of Armenia
Levon Ter-Petrosian made public 3 documents in his possession, which,
according to him, are "very important for exposing the nature of the
monstrous conspiracy organized by the Armenian authorities against
the opposition". He said that at the same time these documents show
"the unbridled and sad state of negligence, ingnorance, professional
inferiority and unlawfulness that reigns in the sphere of justice."

The first document is related to the decision to control all phone
conversations of Alexander Arzumanian, the head of L. Ter-Petrosian’s
central headquarters, during the presidential election. The decision
was made by Judge Vardanian of Yerevan’s Kentron and Nork-Marash
court, who allowed the National Security Service to eavesdrop on all
conversations of A. Arzumanian. In the words of L. Ter-Petrosian,
taking into account the fact that A. Arzumanian was the head of
an election headquarters, the eavesdopping on his conversations
means that on the voting day the authorities controlled all the
events taking place in the opposition headquarters, including the
information given to empowered persons, observers and reporters and
the instructions concerning appeals. L. Ter-Petrosian considered the
indicated decision as a gross violation of the Constitution, which,
in his words, would have led to a national riot and a crisis of the
government in any normal country. He said that what happened does not
differ at all from the 1972 Watergate case whose disclosure resulted
in the resignation of the U.S. president Richard Nixon.

The second document presented by L. Ter-Petrosian is related to
the decision of the chief inspector of the RA Special Investigation
Service Vahagn Harutyunian. It is said in the decision that the police
began its operation in Liberty Square at about 6 am of March 1,
2008. L. Ter-Petrosian said that all this makes needless all talks
(including the inquiries of the National Assembly ad hoc committee)
about at what hour the police operation was launched.

The third document presented by L. Ter-Petrosian has to do with the
fact that in 1998 Robert Kocharian had no resident registration in
Yerevan. It is evident from a reference received from the Republican
Bureau of Addresses.

In response to the question about why he had not presented the
reference so far, L. Ter-Petrosian replied that he obtained this
document recently.

L. Ter-Petrosian promised to submit all the documents to European
structures. He underlined that these structures pay great attention
to such facts.

http://www.nt.am/news.php?shownews=117005