Liturgy at NYC’s St. Vartan Cathedral Launches Diocese’s 125th Anniversary Celebration

PRESS OFFICE 

Diocese of the Armenian Church of America (Eastern) 

630 Second Avenue, New York, NY 10016 

Contact: Chris Zakian 

Tel: (212) 686-0710; Fax: (212) 779-3558 

E-mail: [email protected] 

Website: www.armenianchurch.us 

 

June 5, 2023

__________________ 

 

ATTENTION EDITOR: Three photos attached with captions below. Additional photos can be downloaded from the gallery linked here (please credit Harout Barsoumian, BarsImages):

https://easterndiocese.smugmug.com/EasternDiocese/Diocese-125th-Anv-Badarak-Jul-2-2023/

 

 

HEADLINE:

“The Lord Has Done Great Things For Us…”:

 

 

New York’s St. Vartan Cathedral was the site of a special Divine Liturgy on Sunday, July 2, celebrating the 125th anniversary of the birth of the Diocese of the Armenian Church of America.

 

On that same date in 1898, Catholicos Mkrtich Khrimian (known to the ages as “Khrimian Hayrig”) issued the encyclical that officially established the very first Armenian Diocese in the New World.

 

Diocesan Primate Fr. Mesrop Parsamyan celebrated the badarak at the cathedral, joined on the altar by Cathedral Vicar Fr. Davit Karamyan, St. Nersess Seminary Dean Fr. Mardiros Chevian, senior priests Fr. Karekin Kasparian and Fr. Aved Terzian, Fr. Gomidas Zohrabian from the Western Diocese, as well as a large company of deacons.

 

Among the crowd of worshippers was a large group of young parishioners and altar servers from around the Diocese, who were attending the St. Nersess Summer Conference programs.

 

During his sermon, Fr. Mesrop read a special congratulatory message for the occasion from His Holiness Karekin II, the Catholicos of All Armenians. The message was also read in local parishes across the Eastern Diocese, as they marked the anniversary milestone.

 

“It was in the year 1898 that the Armenian Church’s Diocese of America began its history,” wrote Catholicos Karekin II in his letter. “This was a time that also saw the massacre of Armenians in Ottoman Turkey; the destruction of age-old monasteries and churches on our native soil; and the depopulation of Armenians from their ancestral lands. So it was an act of remarkable foresight when Catholicos Mkrtich Khrimian—Khrimian Hayrig, of blessed memory—had a vision that a bright, enduring future awaited the Armenian people on the soil of the United States, where so many faithful Armenians had lately taken refuge. And under that vision he established the Armenian Diocese of North America, to advance the ministry of our Holy Church in the New World.”

 

 

* “He Has Never Let Us Down…”

 

In his sermon, Fr. Parsamyan also reflected on the 125-year history of the Diocese by echoing the words of the Bible: “The Lord has done great things for us—and we are filled with joy” (Psalm 126:3).

 

“Those ancient words,” the Primate said, “ring with Truth for us today. And so we joyfully sing the praises of our Lord Jesus Christ, whose hand has been upon this Diocese from the very beginning. He has never let us down. He has never abandoned us. And He will always be leading us forward.”

 

The Primate made similar observations in a special video message, released to the public on Sunday morning. (Watch the video at the links below.)

 

A reception in the Diocesan Center’s Haik and Alice Kavookjian Auditorium allowed worshippers and other visitors to greet the Primate and receive his blessing.

 

The Diocese’s 125th Anniversary is an ongoing series of events, involving special liturgical services, cultural and social gatherings, and charitable outreach activities among our local communities. Learn more about the celebration and its upcoming events by clicking here.

 

Click the following links to:

 

·       WATCH the Primate’s special video message in English and in Armenian.

·       WATCH a recording of the anniversary badarak on Facebook.

·       VIEW a gallery of photos by photographer Harout Barsoumian.

 

—7/4/23

 

* * *

 

PHOTO CAPTION (1):

Diocesan Primate Fr. Mesrop Parsamyan celebrated the badarak at New York’s St. Vartan Cathedral on Sunday, July 2, 2023, celebrating the 125th anniversary of the birth of the Diocese of the Armenian Church of America. (Photo: Harout Barsoumian, BarsImages)

 

PHOTO CAPTION (2):

At New York’s St. Vartan Cathedral on Sunday, July 2, 2023, Diocesan Primate Fr. Mesrop Parsamyan offered a special homily on the 125th anniversary of the birth of the Diocese. “We joyfully sing the praises of our Lord Jesus Christ,” he said, “whose hand has been upon this Diocese from the very beginning. He has never let us down. He has never abandoned us. And He will always be leading us forward.” (Photo: Harout Barsoumian, BarsImages)

 

PHOTO CAPTION (3):

A reception in the Diocesan Center’s Haik and Alice Kavookjian Auditorium allowed worshippers and other visitors to greet the Primate and receive his blessing. Here is Fr. Mesrop Parsamyan greeting young altar servers from around the Diocese, who were attending the St. Nersess Seminary Summer Conference programs. (Photo: Harout Barsoumian, BarsImages)

 

* * *

 

LINKS:

 

Photo Gallery (credit Harout Barsoumian, BarsImages):

https://easterndiocese.smugmug.com/EasternDiocese/Diocese-125th-Anv-Badarak-Jul-2-2023/

 

Fr. Parsamyan’s Video Message (English):

https://youtu.be/PhUU9mG0oXQ

 

Fr. Parsamyan’s Video Message (Armenian):

https://youtu.be/0K6PEYkMYls

 

# # #




JPEG image


Diocese125 (1) Primate blessing congregation.jpeg

JPEG image


Diocese125 (2), Primate at altar.jpeg

JPEG image

4 Armenian soldiers killed in Nagorno Karabakh

It is reported that four Armenian soldiers were killed by Azerbaijani forces in Nagorno Karabakh (Artsakh).

In a Twitter statement by Karabakh’s Ministry of Defence, it was announced that Azeri forces attacked Armenian positions in Martuni and Martakert districts with artillery and drones. The statement said: “As a result of another provocation by Azerbaijan, four soldiers lost their lives.”

The statement came at a time when Washington has been hosting new talks between Armenia and Azerbaijan since Tuesday.

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken first held separate meetings with his Armenian counterpart, Ararat Mirzoyan, and his Azerbaijani counterpart, Ceyhun Bayramov. The foreign ministers later held a separate meeting. The closed-door negotiations are expected to last until Thursday.

A US State Department spokesperson said on Monday: “We continue to believe that peace is achievable, and that direct dialogue is the key to resolving issues and reaching a durable and dignified peace.”

The US brought both ministers together in Washington at the beginning of May. In recent weeks, negotiations have also taken place in Brussels and Moscow.

Last week, Russia requested Azerbaijan to restore access to Nagorno-Karabakh via Armenia.

These two former Soviet republics in the Caucasus engaged in a short-lived war for control of Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020. Azerbaijan, which received direct support from the Turkish state, occupied many regions following this war. Although a ceasefire was achieved between the parties through the mediation of Russia, conflicts keep flaring frequently on the border line.

The predominantly Armenian mountainous region broke away from Azerbaijan after the collapse of the Soviet Union. In the first war in the early 1990s, 30 thousand people lost their lives, which led to an Armenian victory.

In the last war in the autumn of 2020, 6500 people lost their lives and Azerbaijan occupied many regions.

https://anfenglish.com/news/4-armenian-soldiers-killed-in-nagorno-karabakh-68035

Russia not against int’l players mediating settlement between Baku, Yerevan — Lavrov

 TASS  
Russia – June 20 2023
“The most important thing is to ensure that this mediation is geared toward agreements reflecting the balance of interests of the Armenian and Azerbaijani peoples, the Armenian and Azerbaijani states,” the Russian Foreign Minister said

MINSK, June 20. /TASS/. Russia has no objections against mediatory efforts of international players in the normalization of relations between Azerbaijan and Armenia, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said on Tuesday.

“We are not against other international players trying themselves as mediators,” he said after a meeting of top diplomats from the member countries of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO).

“The most important thing is to ensure that this mediation is geared toward agreements reflecting the balance of interests of the Armenian and Azerbaijani peoples, the Armenian and Azerbaijani states,” he added.

https://tass.com/politics/1635503

Armenia-Azerbaijan normalization discussed during meeting of U.S. Secretary of State and Turkish FM

 16:13,

YEREVAN, JUNE 22, ARMENPRESS. Armenia-Azerbaijan normalization was among the issues discussed during United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken’s meeting with Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan in London, Turkey’s Anadolu state news agency reported.

Anadolu cited Turkish diplomatic sources as saying the duo discussed the latest situation in Ukraine, NATO’s enlargement, and normalization between Armenia and Azerbaijan in the context of developments in the South Caucasus region.

The Black Sea Grain Deal and U.S.-Turkey relations were also discussed.

Thousands of Armenian Mothers Mourn Children Killed by Azerbaijan

For the past 3 years, the indigenous Armenians of the Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh)  in the South Caucasus have undergone an aggressive war at the hands of Azerbaijan and its ally, Turkey. According to statements from Azeri state officials, this war’s purpose is to eliminate the Armenian presence in Artsakh. Azerbaijan’s President Ilham Aliyev, for instance, has repeatedly stated that Armenians in Artsakh “have two options: either they will live under Azerbaijani rule or leave.”  

The war was launched on September 27, 2020 with the support of Turkey and lasted for 44 days. It involved the carpet bombing of cities and villages, the targeting of civilian populations, the recruitment of foreign terrorists from Syria, as well as the systematic perpetration of war crimes and human rights abuses. Azerbaijan used internationally prohibited weapons, and bombed hospitals, kindergartens, and houses during the war.

This aggression has resulted in the deaths of thousands of Armenians, the forceful capture of significant parts of Artsakh territory, the forced displacement of tens of thousands of civilians, as well as the ongoing detention and torture of an unspecified number of Armenian prisoners of war (POWs).

The current official yet approximate number of Armenian prisoners of war in Azerbaijan is 35. But this number keeps rising. Siranush Sahakyan, an attorney who represents Armenia at the European Court of Human Rights, said at a press conference on May 12 that are currently 80 POWs at the hands of Azerbaijan.

Although the trilateral agreement signed on November 9, 2020 meant to suspend the war, Azerbaijan has never ended its aggression. Azerbaijani Armed Forces have continued with unprovoked attacks on Armenian territory, including opening fire on Armenian soldiers carrying out engineering works in the Tegh Community on April 11, 2023, a hostile action which killed four Armenian soldiers and wounded six. Similarly, on March 5, 2023, Azerbaijani troops attacked an Artsakh police car, killing three police officers.

In a separate instance on May 29, 2023, two Armenian soldiers were captured by Azerbaijani forces in a cross-border incursion. The soldiers, Harutiun Hovakimian and Karen Ghazarian, were ambushed and kidnapped after they had delivered water and food to Armenian army units guarding the border with Azerbaijan.

According to unofficial data, around 5000 Armenian soldiers and scores of civilians have been killed by Azerbaijan since the 2020 war. To observe the grief and struggles of Armenian mothers who lost their children due to Azeri aggression, María Luciana Minassian, a human rights lawyer based in Argentina, visited the capital of Armenia (Yerevan) twice this year in March and May.

During those trips, she visited universities, government offices, as well as the Yerablur Military Cemetery, where the Armenian servicemen who lost their lives in defense of the homeland are laid to rest. Minassian also visited the Lachin Checkpoint on the Hakari Bridge recently launched by Azerbaijan and Armenian military positions.

“That was a fact-finding mission which gave me the possibility to get acquainted with the changes Azerbaijan made on the territory,” Minassian told this author in an interview.

“I was very worried that our soldiers were only 400 meters away from the Azerbaijani military positions. Because of the work I have been doing as a lawyer since the 2020 Artsakh War, I know the dangers those soldiers are facing. I felt extremely sad to leave them so close to a barbaric enemy. I know that any of our soldiers who get captured by Azeri forces are subjected to inhuman treatment and torture. I said goodbye to them and by the time I got in the car, I was in tears, devastated.”

Luciana says that the number of Armenian soldiers killed by Azerbaijan is not certain.

“Official statements from the Armenian government placed the number of dead soldiers during Artsakh’s war over 2900; but we usually speak about 5000 casualties.”

Sadly, this number has increased since the end of the war. In September 2022, for instance, Azerbaijan launched another unprovoked assault on sovereign Armenian territory, using combat drones, artillery and large caliber firearms, reportedly resulting in the deaths of dozens of soldiers.

“We have to take into consideration the approximately 95 victims of the September 2022 Azerbaijani aggression against the Republic of Armenia. We also need to take into consideration the identification procedures that are still being processed based on DNA. In many cases, we only have bone as a remnant of an Armenian combatant, and investigations must take place to identify the victim.

“I spoke to many mothers in Yerablur Cemetery. They were very kind and also extremely devastated. The cemetery is the home of everyone who lost a son in the war. I also spoke to the brother of a deceased combatant. He visits his brother’s grave every day and every night. He drives a cab, and in the middle of his work, if he feels like visiting, he stops and spends the rest of his day inside Yerablur. I invited him for lunch, as he was so kind that had offered to get me back to the city. He was so sad the entire lunch, but he was also surprised that his case was brought to my attention.

“When I was in Yerablur, I realized a military burial ceremony was about to take place. The burial ceremony was of a soldier who was identified only by a piece of bone. So it was a controversial case for the mother of the soldier, and it had taken a while to get the information.

“In a sense, the pain and the mourning of those families who lost a loved one during the war has only just begun; parents need to be heard. They gave their most precious treasure to the Armenian Motherland: their sons. And by now they are living lonely lives; many of them don’t work (they do not have the ability to do so). I also witnessed birthday celebrations inside Yerablur. I saw people wearing t-shirts with the fallen soldier´s picture, arriving at a grave, with balloons, and a beautiful cake. This scene is truly sad, very sweet, and filled with love. You get to feel the love, and you get to feel the sadness.

“Mothers only want one thing: they want recognition of their sons’ sacrifices because their lives were lost in territories we may not be allowed to visit for a while, or maybe for a lifetime. In order to honor the lives of these soldiers and their brave efforts, their mothers only ask us not to give up. They want us to continue the freedom struggle for the 120.000 ethnic Armenians who remain under Azeri siege and can´t freely exercise their right to live in their ancestral lands. I would add they also request what in Argentina has called “the right to know the truth”. That is, they are entitled to get informed about the whereabouts and circumstances in which their loved ones perished. 

“When I think about the ongoing Azeri aggression, I also think about all the mothers who at this moment have their sons at the frontlines, at the borders. They are aware of the inhumane, atrocious way Azerbaijani forces treat kidnapped Armenians.”

It is not only Armenian men who are violently targeted by Azerbaijan. Armenian women soldiers have also been subjected to Azeri war crimes. One of the worst atrocities committed by Azerbaijan against Armenia concerns the rape, savage mutilation, and slaughter of a woman who served in the Armenian forces. The soldier was identified as Anush Apetyan, 36, a mother of three children. The Armenian Ministry of Defense confirmed that Apetyan was killed during the Azeri assaults on September 13-14, 2022 along the Armenia-Azerbaijan border.

Author Raymond Ibrahim reported on the brutal murder and torture of Apetyan:

“A video of these atrocities, apparently made by the Azeri soldiers themselves, which was emailed to me, shows piles of mutilated and decapitated Armenian soldiers, including the woman in question.  She appears naked, with both of her arms and legs cut off.  One of her eyes is clearly gouged out.  A severed finger appears sticking out of her mouth, and another appears to be sticking out of her private parts.”

Minossain said:

“We must also remember the lives of the women who served Armenia and gave their lives for the Motherland of the Armenians, some of them are also buried in Yerablur, including the ones who perished during the September 2022 attacks on the sovereign territory of the Republic of Armenia. When I was there, I paid my respects to them. I was also able to speak to one of the daughters of a killed Armenian woman soldier and she said she will host me in her house the next time I visit Armenia. I will be extremely honored to meet the relative of a brave female combatant. These heroes will remain in our hearts forever.”

Despite all international calls for de-escalation, Azerbaijan continues to flagrantly violate Armenia’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, international law, the political will and the right to self-rule of the Armenians of Artsakh, as well as the November 2020 tripartite statement signed by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Russia to end the 2020 Artsakh War. It appears that the only way to stop the killings and torture of Armenians by Azerbaijan is for the civilized world to recognize Artsakh’s right to self-determination.

Garo Ghazarian, a human rights lawyer, and expert on international law, told this author in an interview: 

“The criteria for people to have realized their right to self-determination is when they have either (a) established a sovereign and independent state, or (b) they have freely associated with another state, or (c) they have integrated with another state after having freely expressed their will to do so. 

“While one of these acts is sufficient to trigger the right of self-determination, the indigenous Armenian population of Artsakh has realized all three. 

“Therefore, if there truly is such a thing as an international community, it must not turn a blind eye to the exercise of these fundamental steps undertaken and practiced for the last three decades by the Armenians of Artsakh. 

“And, to be clear, of all nations, the United States of America must lead in this regard. 

“After all, it was U.S. President Woodrow Wilson during World War I promoted the concept of self-determination, whereby a nation made up of a group of people with similar political ambitions can indeed seek to create its own independent government and state.

“Can anyone seriously question the reality of the unjustifiable deprivation of human rights, and the plight of the Armenians of Artsakh today? I think not.” 

It is high time that the United States, the leader of the Free World, took concrete action to stop this ongoing genocide against Armenians. All United States foreign and military assistance to Azerbaijan must be immediately ceased and the government of Azerbaijan must be sanctioned until it stops its attacks on Armenia and Artsakh.  And for durable peace in the South Caucasus, the US government must recognize the right of self-determination of the people of Artsakh.

https://providencemag.com/2023/06/thousands-of-armenian-mothers-mourn-children-killed-by-azerbaijan/

Pashinyan congratulates Lukashenko on Armenia-Belarus 30th anniversary of diplomatic ties

 15:51,

YEREVAN, JUNE 13, ARMENPRESS. Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan on Tuesday congratulated President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of establishment of diplomatic relations between Armenia and Belarus.

“Accept my wholehearted congratulations on this significant day, the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Belarus,” Pashinyan said in a letter to Lukashenko. “During the last three decades, the Armenian-Belarusian interstate relations based on mutual respect and trust, were marked with progressive development of mutually beneficial and efficient cooperation in various sectors. I am sure that mutual willingness to further deepen the Armenian-Belarusian cooperation and the active high and highest-level dialogue will further contribute to strengthening and expanding the bilateral agenda, as well as productive cooperation within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union, for the benefit of the peoples of Armenia and Belarus. On this meaningful day for our nations, I wish you robust health, success and all the best, and best wishes and prosperity to the friendly people of Belarus,” the Armenian PM said.

Armenpress: Armenia eager to develop ties with UK, Speaker Simonyan tells Leader of House of Commons Penny Mordaunt

 09:52, 8 June 2023

YEREVAN, JUNE 8, ARMENPRESS. Speaker of Parliament of Armenia Alen Simonyan and his delegation have met with Penny Mordaunt, the Leader of the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

Speaker Simonyan said that his visit to the UK is a good chance to discuss issues related to cooperation between the two countries, and added that Armenia is eager to bring relations with the UK to sustainable grounds and develop ties.

The brief meeting between Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan and British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak on June 1 in Chisinau, as well as UK Minister for Europe Leo Docherty’s visit to Armenia were also discussed.

Simonyan commended the programs carried out by the UK for the strengthening of the parliament’s capacities.

Members of the delegation also discussed regional security with their British colleagues and presented the situation resulting from the Azerbaijani aggression.

Armenpress: Toivo Klaar to visit Armenia

 21:14, 5 June 2023

YEREVAN, JUNE 5, ARMENPRESS. Toivo Klaar, the Special Representative of the European Union for the South Caucasus, is coming to Armenia, ARMENPRESS reports, Klaar said in a Twitter post.

“I am leaving for Yerevan to monitor the fulfillment of EU obligations at a high level,” he wrote.

Armenpress: FM Mirzoyan, OSCE Minsk Group US Co-chair discuss normalization of Armenia-Azerbaijan relations

Save

Share

 21:13,

YEREVAN, MAY 26, ARMENPRESS. On May 26 Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia Ararat Mirzoyan met with Louis Bono, the Senior Adviser for Caucasus Negotiations, the U.S. Co-Chair of the OSCE Minsk Group, ARMENPRESS was informed from MFA Armenia.

The interlocutors discussed the normalization process between Armenia and Azerbaijan, touched upon the issues which were discussed during the latest negotiations in that direction and those that still need to be mutually agreed upon.

Ararat Mirzoyan reaffirmed the commitment of the Armenian side to establish comprehensive and lasting peace in the region. In that regard Minister Mirzoyan stressed that, among other issues, renouncing the use of force or the threat of use of force, clear definition of borders and ensuring border security, as well as addressing the rights and security issues of the people of Nagorno-Karabakh under the mechanism of internationally guaranteed dialogue are key.

Replacing the invisibility of genocide remembrance with indivisibility


Greece – May 19 2023
OPINION

Greece should advocate a new approach to genocide remembrance. Currently genocides are memorialized on a parochial basis. Different days throughout the year commemorate different genocide victims: January 27 for the Jewish holocaust, April 7 for the Tutsi genocide, April 24 for the Armenian genocide, May 19 for the Pontic Greek genocide, May 20 for the Cambodian genocide, August 2 for the Roma genocide, August 7 for the Assyrian genocide, September 14 for the Asia Minor Greek genocide, etc. These days of remembrance pass by unrecognized for the most part by anyone other than the victims’ descendants. Thus, in effect, the parochial approach promotes the “invisibility” of genocide and does little to make genocide less likely. 

Israel Charny, the renowned genocide scholar, well explained the limitations of a proprietary and parochial approach to genocide. Using poignant examples from multiple groups, he demonstrated the tendency of genocide victim groups to:

1) assert moral superiority and refuse to believe their kind could be capable of atrocities. 

2) “obscure, ignore, conceal, or at least minimize awareness of other victims who died alongside ‘their’ ‘preferred’ victim group in a given genocide.” 

3) dispute and deny well-documented cases of genocide other than their own as if doing so makes their group’s suffering less significant.

Charny argues we need to recognize “all victims of each genocidal event,” a position that seems self-evident. Yet, as he relates, there is intense resistance to such an inclusive approach. Individual scholars and advocacy groups fervently want to focus just on the suffering of their own kind. This attitude has greatly complicated widespread recognition of well-documented genocides, so much so that the world does not currently recognize genocide based on best evidence. Instead, it does so based on narrow political calculations of national advantage. 

The result is that even countries with populations that have suffered genocide often ignore the same horrors elsewhere. Armenia did not recognize the Greek and Assyrian genocides until 2015, almost a hundred years after they took place. Greece still recognizes only the Pontic Greek genocide even though authoritative scholarship demonstrates it is “incontrovertible” that Turkish leaders planned, orchestrated, and executed the genocide of all Asia Minor Christians. And, despite lobbying from Charny and others, Israel does not recognize these other genocides. Wikipedia charts “genocide recognition politics” country by country, but it all boils down to elevating marginal political interests above a common concern for genocide recognition, restitution, and prevention. 

Individual genocides vary by numbers of victims and the means of their demise, but all genocides are attempts to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group, in whole or in part. They all entail large-scale mass murder of innocents. They all unfold in a common pattern that makes them predictable. Scholars label the stages differently, but the overall process is the same. Thea Halo offers a simple formulation that is easy to remember. She emphasizes three “Ds” of genocide: dehumanization, demonization, and destruction. She notes a likely fourth “D” is denial, as most perpetrators try to avoid accountability for their deeds. 

Halo is the author of a riveting memoir (“Not Even My Name”) of her mother, Sano, and her escape from genocide. Sano’s experience speaks eloquently to the commonalities of genocides. First, she lost all the members of her Pontic Greek family. An Armenian family took her in, and they fled ongoing massacres too. Then, at age 15, she was wedded to an Assyrian Christian who also fled from genocide, and that enabled her escape to safety in the United States. Ottoman Greeks, Armenians, and Assyrians were distinctly different ethnic groups, but they all shared the common experience of being targeted for extinction because they were Christians.

Even the labels used to identify genocides help illustrate their fundamental similarities. The Nazi genocide of Jews is called “the holocaust,” which is derived from the Greek word for “conflagration.” However, as two Israeli scholars note, the annihilation of Asia Minor Christians was also called a “holocaust.” Moreover, the culminating event in the Asia Minor genocides, the destruction of Smyrna and its accompanying conflagration, was widely called “the Smyrna holocaust.” “Catastrophe” is also a shared label. Greeks refer to their Asia Minor genocides as, “the catastrophe,” and many Jews use “Shoah,” the Hebrew word for catastrophe, to describe their holocaust. “Holocaust,” “conflagration,” and “catastrophe,” whether expressed in Greek or Hebrew, all communicate the same horrific, widespread desolation, and all peoples who have suffered genocide share a common interest in ensuring it never happens again.

That day will never come unless the world resolves to punish genocide. In 1918, Theodore Roosevelt decried the Armenian genocide as “the greatest crime of the war” and argued “the failure to deal radically with the Turkish horror means that all talk of guaranteeing the future peace of the world is mischievous nonsense” and just so much “insincere claptrap.” Roosevelt was proven right. The great powers that won World War I failed to punish Turkey for committing genocide, even though it was one of their explicit wartime objectives. They were too focused on Germany and conflicted and exhausted by war to impose peace terms. The Germans watched with amazement as the Turks transformed their defeat into an unprecedented victory by continuing the war, defeating the Allied powers, forcing them to renegotiate their peace treaty, and wiping out their “internal enemies” to produce a homogenous Turkish national entity. The Nazis admired the Turks for this, and later emulated their model of genocide against Jews and other “undesirables.”

The world needs a broader consensus on the critical importance of making genocide counter-productive, and thus less likely. One hundred years ago, George Horton, an American diplomat, sacrificed his career to combat the cover up of the Asia Minor genocide of Christians. Eighty years ago, Jan Karski, a member of the Polish resistance, risked his life to reveal the Nazi genocide of Jews. Recently, a Turkish basketball player in the NBA, Enes Kanter Freedom, sacrificed his career to protest China’s ongoing genocide of Uyghur Muslims. Sadly, such heroic protests are not widespread. Activists of all stripes are more willing to protest much lesser injustices or even poor policies while ignoring the much greater evil of genocide. They prove Soviet leader Joseph Stalin right when he cynically observed: “The death of one man is a tragedy. The death of a million is a statistic.”

It is time to emphasize a different approach, one that will replace the “invisibility” of genocide with the “indivisibility” of genocide; that is, a common recognition that all genocides must be punished wherever they occur. It would help if a country showed the way forward. Why not Greece? Ancient Greeks pioneered Western civilization and the concept of individual liberties. During the Asia Minor genocides, modern Greeks gave the world a wonderful example of forbearance and generosity, as Horton noted:

“The conduct of the Greeks toward the thousands of Turks residing in Greece, while the ferocious massacres [in Asia Minor] were going on, and while Smyrna was being burned and refugees, wounded, outraged and ruined, were pouring into every port of Hellas, was one of the most inspiring and beautiful chapters in all that country’s history. There were no reprisals. The Turks living in Greece were in no wise molested, nor did any storm of hatred or revenge burst upon their heads. This is a great and beautiful victory that, in its own way, rises to the level of Marathon and Salamis…witness also its treatment of the Turkish prisoners of war, and its efforts for the thousands of refugees that have been thrown upon its soil.”

Dr Esther Lovejoy, who was also present at Smyrna, agreed. She noted Greece accepted all Asia Minor refugees – Greek and non-Greek – when other European nations would not accept any. “The Golden Age of Greece in art and literature was over two thousand years ago,” she argued, “but the Golden Age of Greece measured by the Golden Rule” was evident in the universal Greek response to “the catastrophe.” Just as Greece once accepted all the surviving Christians from Asia Minor, it should now formally recognize them all as victims of genocide. 

Greek leaders have been encouraged to do this before, but Greek diplomats worry it would irritate Turkey. That is a concern, but it is doubtful that refusing to acknowledge the Asia Minor genocides will make Greece safer. Turkey’s authoritarian president, Recep Erdogan, promotes neo-Ottoman rhetoric and makes the risible claim that his country was disadvantaged by the Lausanne treaties. If he thinks he can get away with attacking Greece, he will do so whether Greece recognizes the Asia Minor genocides or not. America, Britain, France, Germany, and Italy all played roles in helping cover up Turkish atrocities. The sooner Greek allies in Europe and the United States understand the true history of genocide in Asia Minor, the more likely they will be to punish past genocides and resist new acts of aggression, and the safer Greece and all peace-loving people will be. In that regard, taking a stand on behalf of genocide recognition is the prudent as well as the right thing to do.


Ismini Lamb is the director of Modern Greek Studies Program at Georgetown University. Her article on Europe’s role in covering up and then rewarding the Asia Minor genocides, “Europe’s Killing Fields,” was published by The New European on April 4, 2023, and her co-authored biography of George Horton, “The Gentle American,” was published in 2022.