The Settlement of the Karabakh Conflict Boosts Azerbaijan’s Strategic Value for the United States

The National Interest
Nov 15 2021

Baku has gained more strategic autonomy and could play a crucial role in U.S. policy toward Eurasia.

by Vasif Huseynov

The Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict over the formerly occupied territories of Azerbaijan was a byproduct of the collapse of the Soviet Union, although it had roots from before then. Seizing the opportunity created by the political turbulence in and around the South Caucasus in the early 1990s, Armenia occupied up to twenty percent of Azerbaijan’s internationally recognized territories and succeeded in keeping them under its control until last year’s forty-four-day Karabakh War.  

The conflict was a source of frequent armed escalations and constant tension between the two countries; it hampered the economic progress of the entire South Caucasus region and shaped the foreign policies of both countries. While Armenia eagerly joined the Russia-led regional political and military structures in hopes of counterbalancing Azerbaijan and its strategic ally Turkey, Azerbaijan succeeded in pursuing a more independent foreign policy. Notwithstanding the threats from and pressure by parts of its territories that remained under Armenian control, Azerbaijan initiated or participated in various Western economic and geopolitical projects, proving to be a reliable ally.

Given that the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict is relegated to history, and Azerbaijan has restored its territorial integrity, Baku has gained more strategic autonomy and could play a crucial role in U.S. policy toward Eurasia. The emergence of new security threats in the region, like the recent tensions between Baku and Tehran, necessitates the quick and substantial engagement of the United States. The lack of such engagement risks undesired consequences not only for Azerbaijan–U.S. relations but also for U.S. policy toward the entire region.

Azerbaijan-U.S. Cooperation

The post-Soviet foreign policies of the Republic of Azerbaijan have mostly belonged to a “balanced approach,” denoting the country’s cordial relations with all major geopolitical forces. For the Azerbaijani government, this policy, which it presents as multilateralism, allows it to effectively pursue national interests and act as a bridge between rival great powers.  

The Azerbaijani presidential aide on foreign policy Hikmet Hajiyev has aptly characterized this approach as the “4 Ms,” which stands for multi-vectorism, multilateralism, multi-regionalism, and multiculturalism. According to Hajiyev, the geopolitical realities of the region where Azerbaijan is located give Baku no choice but to develop partnerships with various regional and global players, rather than allying with a geopolitical pole at the expense of relations with other actors.

This political course of action has been made possible thanks to the policies of Azerbaijan’s leaders and the support of its Western partners—primarily the United States. Relations between Azerbaijan and the United States developed through bilateral and multilateral cooperation in energy security; counter-terrorism; joint economic projects; and trade, political, and humanitarian initiatives.  

Azerbaijan was one of the first countries to declare unwavering support to the United States after 9/11 and sent troops to Afghanistan and, later, Iraq. While other countries reduced their troop presence in Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, as the only Muslim-majority partner of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the mission, increased boots on the ground from ninety-four to 120 in early 2018, reaffirming its support of its Western allies.

Azerbaijan has also provided critical transportation passage for NATO; approximately forty percent of cargo destined for NATO troops in Afghanistan passed through the country. Azerbaijan’s support for the Afghanistan mission continued even after the Taliban announced it would take full control of the country. A 120-man peacekeeping unit from the Azerbaijan Army, together with Turkish troops, ensured the security of Kabul International Airport until the end of August, providing the necessary security for the safe evacuation of civilians and troops.

Azerbaijan has been also a reliable U.S. partner in critical geopolitical issues, including the energy security of the European Union (EU) and the national security of Israel. Azerbaijani oil and gas exports provide the EU with an important alternative for reducing its energy dependency on Russia. The inauguration of the 3,500-kilometer-long Southern Gas Corridor with an investment volume of about $40 billion created the necessary infrastructure to carry Caspian gas reserves to the European market for the first time.

Against the background of Europe’s recent energy crisis due to skyrocketing gas prices, Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev rightly said at the VIII Global Baku Forum from November 4 to 6: “In those countries where Azerbaijan’s gas is delivered, there is no gas crisis, there is no price crisis, and there is no freezing. So, this demonstrates that the Southern Gas Corridor is a project of energy security of Europe.”   

In fact, this pipeline provides more than just European energy security—it is also of great importance for the Western geopolitical agenda. For example, the Southern Gas Corridor will provide a window of opportunity for Turkmenistan to reduce its dependency on China after it starts to export its natural gas to Europe via the pipeline.

Azerbaijan’s close relations with Israel have proved to be critically important for the national security of both countries. As a Muslim-majority country that is a secular state, Azerbaijan has prioritized these relations despite all the challenges and threats posed by the country’s southern neighbor Iran. The Azerbaijani city of Qirmizi Qasaba is thought to be the world’s only all-Jewish city outside of Israel. During a recent visit to Qirmizi Qasaba, the U.S. Ambassador to Azerbaijan, celebrating the coexistence of synagogues and mosques in the city, called Azerbaijan “a special place.” Azerbaijan has also been one of the top buyers of Israeli military technology, which has empowered the country against regional security threats. Azerbaijan also provides Israel with forty percent of its oil requirements.

Azerbaijan’s Post-Karabakh Conflict Future

The multilayered relations between Azerbaijan and the United States have persisted despite opposition inside and outside the United States. Pro-Armenian legislators like Senator Bob Menendez (D-NJ) and Congressman Adam Schiff (D-CA) consistently promote anti-Azerbaijani views within the United States and call upon the country’s leaders to oppose Azerbaijan’s policies that concern its conflict with Armenia. Media campaigns also do not shy away from calling Azerbaijan a “strategic liability” for the United States, thereby disregarding all the contributions that Azerbaijan has made to the national security of the United States and its allies.

But American administrations rarely buy into the propaganda. Despite efforts by the pro-Armenian lobby and Armenian diaspora organizations, the Joe Biden administration waived the provisions of Section 907 of the Freedom Support Act in April and enabled U.S. assistance to Azerbaijan. This action took place during a critical period for Azerbaijan-U.S. relations as it happened less than six months after the end Second Karabakh War that reclaimed Azerbaijan’s territorial integrity.

The post-war period necessitates more robust support for Azerbaijan, as the country faces new security threats. The recent tensions in Baku-Tehran relations taken alongside Armenia’s alignment with Iran challenge Azerbaijan’s national security. Both Yerevan and Tehran are concerned about Azerbaijan’s deep relations with Israel and the strategic autonomy that the country regained after its occupied territories were liberated. Both are interested in disrupting the post-war regional status quo as well as Baku’s ties with its Western partners.

At a meeting with Azerbaijan’s new ambassador amid strained tensions on September 30, Iran’s foreign minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian said, “We do not tolerate the presence and activity against our national security of the Zionist regime next to our borders and will take any necessary action in this regard.”

Against this backdrop, U.S. support for Azerbaijan is beneficial for both parties. Azerbaijan’s thirty years of post-Soviet era contributions to—among other things, counterterrorism efforts, European energy security, and Middle Eastern peace and stability—demonstrate that Azerbaijan is a reliable partner of the United States.

Dr. Vasif Huseynov is a senior advisor at the Center of Analysis of International Relations in Baku, Azerbaijan. 

Israel, UK lawmakers consider recognizing Armenian genocide

Nov 19 2021



Bills introduced in Israel and the United Kingdom may recognize the Armenian genocide that exterminated about 3.75 million Christians in the 19th and 20th centuries, according to reports from the relief organization Barnabas Fund.

A bill to recognize the genocide was introduced Nov. 9 in Israel’s Knesset (parliament). Barnabas Fund notes that the measure seeks to establish an annual memorial day on April 24, which several countries observe as Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day.

Also on Nov. 9, a bill to establish an annual remembrance and incorporate instruction on the genocide into the national curriculum received its first reading in the United Kingdom House of Commons, states Barnabas Fund.

The United States and 30 other countries have recognized the genocide, the reports say.

In presenting the UK bill, Tim Loughton MP, chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Armenia, said the threat to Armenians continues. “The recent invasion of Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijan, forcing 90,000 Armenians to flee their homes due to the threat of ethnic cleansing, serves as a warning that Armenians remain vulnerable today,” he said, according to the report.

Between 1893 and 1923, about 1.5 million Armenians were killed in the Ottoman Empire in an attempt to annihilate Christian minorities, the reports say. An additional 2.25 million Assyrian, Greek and Syriac Christians were killed in the territories between 1914 and 1923.

Armenia and Azerbaijan agree to talks in Brussels to overcome tensions, EU says

Reuters
Nov 19 2021

Reuters

Nov 19 (Reuters) – The leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan will meet in Brussels in mid-December to discuss tensions that have led to border clashes with several troops, the European Union said on Friday.

“Leaders have agreed to meet in Brussels to discuss the regional situation and ways of overcoming tensions for a prosperous and stable South Caucasus, which the EU supports,” a spokesman for Charles Michel, the president of the European Council representing EU member states, said in a statement.

The meeting is to take place in the margins of the EU’s Eastern Partnership Summit in Brussels on Dec. 15.

The announcement came after talks between Michel and Azerbaijan’s President Ilham Aliyev as well as Armenia’s Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan on Friday.

“During the phone calls, the Armenian and Azerbaijani leaders have also agreed to establish a direct communication line, at the level of respective Ministers of Defence, to serve as an incident prevention mechanism”, the EU said.

The European Union had urged both countries on Wednesday to disengage their troops and respect the ceasefire agreed the previous day, after reports that seven Azerbaijani soldiers were killed in border clashes.

On Tuesday, Armenia and Azerbaijan agreed to a ceasefire at their border after Russia urged them to step back from confrontation following the deadliest clash since a war last year over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave that killed at least 6,500 people.

https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/armenia-azerbaijan-agree-talks-brussels-overcome-tensions-eu-says-2021-11-19/


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Turkish press: Key piece of Karabakh pact on Zangezur corridor still awaits implementation

Ruslan Rehimov   |10.11.2021

BAKU, Azerbaijan

It has been a year since the signing of a tripartite declaration between Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Russia ending the war over Nagorno-Karabakh, yet its section on a corridor connecting western Armenia to the exclave of Nakhchivan has yet to be implemented due to Armenia’s uncompromising stance.

A year ago today, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, and Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a declaration declaring the end of the conflict in Karabakh, also known as Upper Karabakh, following a nearly three-decade occupation by Armenian forces.

In its first year, some articles of the declaration were applied, while some articles remained on paper due to Armenian intransigence.

The parts on the Zangezur corridor are among those that have not yet been put into force.

Articles 2 and 6, which envisage the withdrawal of Armenian forces from the provinces of Agdam, Kelbajar, and Lachin, were applied long ago. By the end of last November, the Armenian army had left the three occupied provinces, and the Azerbaijani army had settled there.

According to Article 3, Russian elements were placed in the Armenian-populated areas of Karabakh and in the Lachin corridor. A total of 1,960 lightly armed Russian soldiers and 90 armored personnel carriers were deployed to the region. Their term of duty was set at five years, but that could be extended if all parties agree.

In Article 4, which stipulates that “Russian forces are deployed in parallel with the withdrawal of Armenian forces” has not been fully implemented. The Armenian army has withdrawn, but the fact that there are still armed Armenian groups in the region is one of the issues vexing the Azerbaijani side.

Article 5, which provides for the “establishment of an observation center to improve the efficiency of monitoring the compliance of the parties to the cease-fire,” was implemented, and a Joint Turkish-Russian Observation Center was established in Agdam, Karabakh this January.

The issue of return of refugees under the control of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) specified in Article 7 has also not yet been implemented due to how the settlements were completely destroyed by Armenians during the occupation period and also for security reasons.

Article 8 on the issue of the exchange of prisoners and the dead was also applied. Azerbaijan has handed over to the opposite side the bodies of more than 1,700 Armenian soldiers which had remained on the battlefields.

The last article, which Azerbaijan has been focusing on with great importance and which provides for the connection of the country’s contiguous territory and the Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan – its exclave – via land and rail routes through Armenia, has not yet been implemented.

Azerbaijan has started work on this issue, and construction of the part of this line called the Zangezur corridor up to the Armenian border is underway.

Although Armenia tried to resist, Prime Minister Pashinyan made positive statements about the opening of transport between the western provinces of Azerbaijan and Nakhchivan.

Aliyev, Pashinyan, and Putin are expected to meet once again soon and sign a more detailed statement on the determination of transport lines and the borders of the two countries.

Armenia will not take positive steps of its own accord

Ferid Shefiyev, chairman of the Azerbaijan Center of Analysis of International Relations, based in the capital Baku, told Anadolu Agency in a statement that Azerbaijan, which won the war, should put diplomatic pressure on Armenia from now on.

“History shows that Armenia will not take positive steps of its own accord,” he said.

“On Jan. 11, 2021, another declaration on transport lines was signed. Although months have passed since then, Armenia has been sitting out the process.

“Due to pressure from Azerbaijan and the influence of Russia, the Yerevan administration has now responded positively to this issue,” he added.

“Unfortunately, there are still armed Armenian forces in the region controlled by Russian elements,” Shefiyev stressed, referring to the non-implemented articles of the trilateral declaration.

“There are also problems in the Lachin corridor. We have to enforce control there sooner or later.

“Foreign citizens still use this corridor. Compared to the beginning of 2021, the rate of visits by foreigners has fallen. As far as I know, Russia also doesn’t want problems with this matter.”

Shefiyev said that 4,000 Azerbaijanis were missing in the first Karabakh conflict of the early 1990s, but that Armenia has not yet responded on the fate of these people.

Conflict between Azerbaijan, Armenia

Relations between Azerbaijan and Armenia have been tense since 1991, when the Armenian military occupied Nagorno-Karabakh, also known as Upper Karabakh, a territory internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, and seven adjacent regions.

New clashes erupted on Sept. 27 last year, with the Armenian army attacking civilians and Azerbaijani forces and violating several humanitarian cease-fire agreements.

During the 44-day military conflict, Azerbaijan liberated several cities and some 300 settlements and villages that were occupied by Armenia for almost 30 years.

Prior to this, about 20% of Azerbaijan’s territory was under illegal occupation.

The two countries signed a Russian-brokered agreement on Nov. 10 to end the fighting and work toward a comprehensive resolution.

The cease-fire was seen as a victory for Azerbaijan and a defeat for Armenia, whose forces withdrew in line with the agreement.

This Jan. 11, the leaders of Russia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia signed a pact to develop economic ties and infrastructure to benefit the entire region. The deal also included the establishment of a Turkish-Russian monitoring center.

*Writing by Merve Berker


Armenian envoy: Peace an option if Baku ends atmosphere of impunity

PanArmenian, Armenia
Nov 12 2021

PanARMENIAN.Net – Armenia’s ambassador to the Netherlands Tigran Balayan believes that true reconciliation and peaceful coexistence between Armenians and Azerbaijanis will only be possible with the elimination of Armenophobia and the atmosphere of impunity in Azeri President Ilham Aliyev’s regime.

In an article published on Nederlands Dagblad newspaper to mark the first anniversary of the end of Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression against Nagorno-Karabakh, Babayan said that no no independent investigation into Azerbaijan’s war crimes has been carried out to date.

“Unfortunately, the European Union in general and the Netherlands in particular didn’t act sufficiently to prevent this tragedy and address its consequences including sanctioning those responsible for the atrocities until they are held accountable,” Babayan wrote.

“After the Trilateral statement on ceasefire, the corrupt and authoritarian Aliyev regime of Azerbaijan, inspired by the impunity and double standard approach, refuses to fulfill its commitments by periodically violating the ceasefire regime and shelling civilian settlements, invading Armenia, continuously erasing centuries-old Armenian heritage on the territories it currently occupies, dehumanizing Armenians through racist statements, rejecting to repatriate about many dozens Armenian PoWs. Amidst all these challenges Armenia held another free and transparent elections in June, and the Government declared the establishment of regional peace and cooperation as Armenia’s strategic goal.”

The ambassador said the Armenian side fully realizes that the path is very difficult and long, and the prerequisite is the peaceful resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, “which will lead to a new era in the region and beyond.”

“We believe that the use of force and its consequences cannot be interpreted as a way to reconciliation. On the contrary, this is a very dangerous manner of thinking,” he said.

Healthcare ministry’s budget increased by nearly 27 billion drams during 2021 mostly connected with COVID-19 fight

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 10:30, 8 November, 2021

YEREVAN, NOVEMBER 8, ARMENPRESS. The budget of the Armenian ministry of healthcare has increased by nearly 27 billion drams in 2021, against compared to the budget that was confirmed at the beginning of the year, Minister of Finance Tigran Khachatryan said during the parliamentary standing committees’ debate of the 2022 state budget draft.

“According to the 2022 state budget it is envisaged that nearly 120 billion drams must be spent with the programs being carried out by the healthcare ministry, against the 114 billion 500 million drams approved for 2021. This is an increase of 4.7% against the budget confirmed for 2021”, the minister said.

He, however, informed that the ministry’s budget has been regularly revised during the year and additional allocations have been made connected with the fight against COVID-19. If we look at the budget only as of November 8, 2021, it is about 142.2 billion drams. It means that we have made nearly 27 billion AMD allocations during the year. And 18 billion AMD of this is connected with the fight against coronavirus or measures aimed at preventing its consequences”, he added.

Minister Khachatryan assured that in all cases when there are obvious actions to be taken in 2022, they will make respective decisions about financial allocations.

 

Editing and Translating by Aneta Harutyunyan

Armenia to require unvaccinated employed citizens to get tested every seven days instead of 14

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 12:57, 4 November, 2021

YEREVAN, NOVEMBER 4, ARMENPRESS. The Armenian health authorities are recommending the government to require all unvaccinated employed citizens in the country to get tested every 7 days instead of 14.

Health Minister Anahit Avanesyan said that they are formally introducing the recommendation into circulation today.

If adopted, the regulation will come into effect December 1. 

Employed citizens who haven’t been vaccinated will be required to produce a negative PCR test result for COVID-19 every seven days. The presently active regulation, which came into effect October 1, requires them to do so every 14 days otherwise face termination.

Editing and Translating by Stepan Kocharyan

Armenia, Russia discussing ways to normalize Yerevan’s relations with Ankara — official

TASS, Russia
Oct 28 2021
Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan has said on numerous occasions that his team is willing to bring relations with Turkey to normal, reopen borders and unblock communication routes

YEREVAN, October 28. /TASS/. Armenia is ready to normalize relations with Turkey and is in talks with Russia on the matter, Armenian Security Council Secretary Armen Grigoryan said on Thursday following a Security Council meeting.

“We have repeatedly said that we are ready to normalize relations with Turkey. We are in consultations with our Russian colleagues on ways to move forward on the matter. Like Turkey, we have stated that there are some positive signs and we can start normalizing relations,” he pointed out.

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan has said on numerous occasions that his team is willing to bring relations with Turkey to normal, reopen borders and unblock communication routes. According to Pashinyan, the move will bring peace and stability to the region.

Although Armenia and Turkey share a common border, they don’t have diplomatic relations. In 2009 in Zurich, the two countries’ foreign ministers signed protocols on the establishment of diplomatic ties and the principles of relations but neither of the parties ratified those documents. On March 1, 2018, Armenia rescinded the protocols. The Armenian authorities have repeatedly said that Turkey provided assistance to Azerbaijan during military activities in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone in the fall of 2020. Yerevan also claimed that Ankara had transferred militants from the Middle East to the Nagorno-Karabakh region.

Armenpress: Representatives of 3 extra-parliamentary forces to be involved in Commission of Inquiry into the 44 day war

Representatives of 3 extra-parliamentary forces to be involved in Commission of Inquiry into the 44 day war

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 16:54,

YEREVAN, OCTOBER 30, ARMENPRESS. Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan took part in the regular sitting of the Consultative Assembly on Cooperation with Extra-Parliamentary Political Forces.

As ARMENPRESS was informed from the Offic eof the Prime Minister, the meeting was attended by Republic Party chairman Aram Sargsyan, Liberal Party chairman Samvel Babayan, representative of Alliance Progressive Centrist Party chairman Tigran Arzakantsyan, Fair Armenia Party chairman Norair Norikyan, Sovereign Armenia Party chairman David Sanasaryan, Armenia’s European Party chairman Tigran Khzmalyan, Christian-Democratic Party chairman Levon Shirinyan, United Motherland Party chairman Mher Terteryan, Conservative Party leader Mikayel Hayrapetyan, Social Democrat Hunchakian Party Armenia Office Head Sedrak Achemian.

Nikol Pashinyan welcomed the participants of the meeting and said, “This is our fourth meeting in this format, I think at the moment we can say that we attach importance to it as a platform for conversation. And the fact that we are here today is the proof of that, our next task should be to make this platform more effective, the activities of which will give concrete results. To what extent we will succeed, depends on us. Of course, there are no guarantees, but that is our goal.

And at the moment we have a very concrete decision, according to which three representatives of this format should be involved in the Commission of Inquiry into the circumstances of the 44-day war’’, PM Pashinyan said, emphasizing that at present solutions are being sought to organize it de jure. Nikol Pashinyan added that the work of the Commission of Inquiry will start only after the preparatory works are completed.

Afterwards, the participants of the sitting proceeded to the discussion of the agenda issues.

Here’s Why Armenia Is Emerging As The Next Food And Wine Travel Destination

Forbes Magazine

Oct 29 2021

Ann Abel, Senior Contributor
Travel

Noravenk, the “new monastery” in Armenia DAVID EGUI

“My life is different because of Armenia,” said Veronica Joy Rogov as she welcomed guests to the final dinner of an audacious project at an audacious restaurant in Armenia. We had flown from all over the world to this small mountain village an hour outside the capital, Yerevan, to discover something new, to let ourselves be surprised and perhaps to be part of the beginning of something wonderful.

Rogov, a hospitality and wine consultant for Michelin-star restaurants, had flown in from the U.S., along with chef Mads Refslund—a cofounder of the original, wildly influential Noma in Copenhagen—and a team of other restaurant geniuses. They immersed themselves in all things Armenian for a month, learning traditional recipes and meeting purveyors, and then worked with the staff at the new Tsaghkunk Restaurant to create and serve a series of unforgettable dinners.

Their mission—along with providing a whole lot of pleasure to diners who made the journey—was to help one of the oldest countries in the world develop its future contemporary culinary language. That meant a thorough exploration of this unique but forgotten (or misunderstood) land at the crossroads between Europe, Asia and the Middle East, and then a deep sharing of knowledge.


Mount Ararat above Armenian vineyards DAVID EGUI

The project was a collaboration between Hrachya Aghajanyan, the former Armenian ambassador to Denmark and Norway, and his friend Kristian Brask Thomson of Bon Vivant Communications, whom he used to introduce as the Ambassador of Pleasure because of his work organizing dining extravaganzas that connect people from around the world. (Food being the most enjoyable kind of diplomacy.) That’s what they’re doing here, not just with the Refslund collaboration but with the restaurant (whose resident chef, Susanna Guckasyan, and team were fantastic even before they gained inspiration and know-how from the foreigners), and with a spotlight trained on Armenian food and culture in general.

They rightly believe Armenia deserves some of the attention that its neighbor Georgia gets as a destination for food and wine. Culinary tourism has a way of attracting high-value, low-impact travelers, who redirect their wealth into local economies.

But as Rogov said, Armenia makes an impact on anyone who visits. (It was country number 100 for me, and it still managed to leave me struggling to find comparisons.) There is, as she also said, a certain heaviness to it, thanks to sheer weight of its millennia of history.

Sharing laughs and wine at Trinity Canyon[+]DAVID EGUI

Some of that history is quite awful (and the reason that are more than twice as many Armenians in the diaspora than in the country itself). I won’t dwell on it. Because aside from talking about it with our hosts and guides, I didn’t think about it. I especially didn’t feel it, particularly in Yerevan, with its European-ish vibe and lively nightlife.

First there’s the kindness and generosity. I felt that at Yerevan’s sprawling GUM Food Market, where vendors were impossibly generous with free samples of dried fruits, candied almonds, pickled cucumbers and (entire heads of) garlic, and salty underground-fermented cheese. (I mean, we already had our hands full of snacks.)

And I felt it at the boutique Van Ardi Estate winery, where owner Varuzhan Mouradian pouring refills of whichever wine we liked best as the sun set over the ancient winemaking region of Aragatsotn. And at every single meal, where the hospitality is so abundant that food ends up being placed (on stands) on top of other food, and everything is shared by a big group of people gathered around the table. As Armenian minister of economy Vahan Kerobyan said, “Love to guests is in our genes.”

The ancient monastery above Sevan Lake DAVID EGUI

Then there’s the smiles and the joy. I felt that at Trinity Canyon Vineyards in the southern highlands (near the world’s oldest wine producing site, which dates back some 6,100 years), where executive director Hovakim Saghatelyan broke into an easy laugh as he clinked his glass with his visitors and later played for us a song he wrote “when I fell in love the 56th time.” And I felt it at Lavash restaurant in Yerevan, where an exuberant server coaxed me out of my chair to dance as he presented roasted pumpkins stuffed with rice, dried fruit and sometimes lamb (delicious) to the table.

And then there’s the intellectualism. I felt that in so many of my conversations. Chess is a national sport. Gregory the Illuminator is known for establishing Christianity in Armenia, in the year 301, making it the first Christian country in the world. But “illumination” in its more modern meaning continues to be a value. Displayed in the museum complex of the Matenadaran are old printed books, precious bindings, manuscripts, colorful book illustrations and miniatures from the organization’s collection of 23,000 manuscripts. It says a lot about the Armenians that during the genocide perpetrated against them by the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century, they chose to protect their beautiful books.

Now, the new generation is trying to position education, the illumination of knowledge and technology as exports. (The app Pixel was an Armenian unicorn.) The United World College in the northern town of Dilijan attracts students from all over the globe—and sends them home with some uniquely Armenian enlightenment.

Ani Harutyunyan at Armenian Food Lab DAVID EGUI

Dilijan is also home to a new endeavor that combines knowledge and understanding with food. The Armenian Food Lab is a project of art historian Ani Harutyunyan. In it she explores the ingredients, traditional culinary techniques and nutrition culture in Armenia. She also welcomes guests with plenty of consumable (and visual) aids, on another table laden with fresh and foraged products, from bitter herbs to black walnuts.

Like any cuisine, Armenian food is varied, but a few patterns emerged. There are lots of fresh herbs and pomegranate seeds, rather than spices. Lamb, eggplant, yogurt and various fresh and salty cheeses are recurrent. There are always copious amounts of lavash, the flash-baked flatbread that’s such an integral part of Armenian culture that it’s on UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list. There’s often aveluk, an indigenous wild sorrel, which is delicious. Sometimes there’s lake trout.

Refreshingly, there are no tourist restaurants (too few tourists). Nor is there Starbucks or McDonald’s. Rather, there are places like Imtoon, also in Dilijan, a stylish mountain restaurant and guesthouse, and like Vostan, a heritage restaurant with honest cooking and traditional wooden interiors, in Yerevan.

An Armenian baker making lavash DAVID EGUI

There is also the strangest cooking technique I’ve seen anywhere in the world. It appeared on my itinerary as “satellite trout.” The fish is placed in a glass baking dish with apricots and fresh walnuts, and then the whole thing is suspended above an enormous mirrored structure that looks like a satellite dish. The mirrors reflect the sun’s rays into the baking dish, where their heat evenly cooks the fish.

It sounds like a gimmick, but it’s the opposite. Engineers donated their time to design the structures, which were set in the garden at Machanents House, a tourism and art social enterprise in the holy capital of Ejmiatsin. It’s an experiment in sustainable cooking, as it doesn’t require electricity, any other fuel or cooking oil. There are hopes of making it scalable, building more and set them up in remote mountain villages. The idea left me a bit in awe.

That wasn’t the only time. I felt awe at the history of the Orthodox (called Apostolic) churches that have stood for centuries upon centuries, from the 9th-century monastery complex of Sevanavank in the north to the 13th-century Noravank (“new church”) in the south. The most moving of all is Etchmiadzin, outside Yerevan, built in 303AD and often considered the Vatican of the Armenian Apostolic Church. (The world’s most famous Armenian, Kim Kardashian West, apparently felt that same awe.)

There was plenty of awe at the natural landscapes too. Some 80% of the country is mountainous. There is beauty everywhere, especially the high-altitude Lake Sevan and the rugged and wild terrain of the south (including stretches of the actual Silk Road). Indiana Jones and James Bond comparisons flew as we rode over a long, bumpy road to the mountains of the Syunik Province, high up with hostile land on both sides.

Satellite trout DAVID EGUI

There, the Wings of Tatev, the longest double-track cable car in the world, takes visitors on a stunning, five-kilometer ride over mountainous terrain to the Tatev Monestery, whose restoration is in progress. It’s another project to develop the right kind of tourism and create new jobs in the area.

Because Brask Thomsen organized the trip, the cable car was stopped midway across, some 1,000 feet above a deep gorge, sparkling wine was popped, and sweet snacks were prepared by an Armenian celebrity chef. (It’s a big car.) And after the return, a few of boarded an Airbus H130 flown by Armenian Helicopters for a dazzling ride back to Yerevan as the sun was setting. Along with 100 countries, I’ve also been in more than my share of helicopters, and that one was something else.

Granted, those experiences aren’t available to everyone. Nor were the dinners with Refslund, which are over now anyway. But they show the level of investment that some dreamers are making in Armenia—and that the country is ready for the attention.


Ann Abel
I’ve been an award-winning travel writer and editor for 19 years – including several as a senior editor at ForbesLife