Author: Emma Nadirian
NUS academic called in for questioning after police report filed on his Facebook posting in July
I just came from jurong police hq at their invitation to be interviewed following a report made to the police following my FB discussion with a Azhari Ali.
This was after i posted on FB a picture of the Genocide Memorial i visited in Armenia recently. I reported what i saw and learnt of the 1,500,000 Armenian Christians exterminated by the Ottoman Turks in 1911. It was a case of convert or die. Azhari objected. He felt that i unfairly singled out islam though i had no such i…ntention. I was merely reporting what i saw.
Someone made a police report on what transpired on FB and i was called up to explain my motives. I explained to the police that my role on FB is educational and i explained what i said that seemed to have upset Azhari Ali. I dont know who made the police report and i am not suggesting that Azhari did. I just dont know.
I had said in my intelocution with Azhari Ali that no sacred text of whatever religion can be taken literally. Because once such text is rendered in human language the denotations and therefore connotations of language cannot be avoided and therefore texts have to be interpreted in context and meaning.
For example marrying a 9year old girl child was ok in times past but not ok today.
To go by literal interpretation fails to recognise that times and social practices have changed and therefore readings of texts have also to take into account new conditions.
In my statement to the police i urge the Chief of Police and the Minister of Home Affairs to together establish guidelines to ascertain what should be appropriate responses to complaints made by the public as to their import. If a complaint is substantive, meaning that the issue complain ed about is of such importance which might lead to violence and major social unrest then action is called for not otherwise.
In cases which represent only some irritation felt by an individual then such reports can politely be set aside. Otherwise as in my case so much time and inconvenience is wasted for so many people just because someone is intolerant of views that dont accord with their own
Worse, the complainant has used the police as a weapon against people whose views dont agree with them. Lets not allow the law to be weaponise against academic discussants just to satisfy an individual’s ruffled feelings. Modern Singapore i hope has matured enough to accept robust, sincere and polite discourse.
I should conclude that my police interlocuter acquitted herself very professionally and courteously which made the encounter with the law rather pleasant to my relief!
Mr Tay also expressed his disappointment against the complainant, who he believes “has used the police as a weapon against people whose views don’t agree with them”, and hoped that “modern Singapore has matured enough to accept robust, sincere and polite discourse”.
Germany is a very important partner for Armenia. Armen Sargsyan
- 24.08.2018
- Armenia:
- arm
The meeting of President Armen Sarkissian and Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Angela Merkel, who is on an official visit to Armenia, took place today at the residence of the President of the Republic, in which the delegations of both countries took part.
Welcoming Chancellor Angela Merkel and the German delegation, President Armen Sarkissian expressed confidence that this historic visit will open new horizons for the development of Armenian-German relations. This is Chancellor Merkel’s first official visit to Armenia, but she has been to our country before.
“I want to note with satisfaction that the relations between Armenia and Germany are based on mutual understanding and deep trust. Germany is a very important partner for Armenia, but our cooperation has the opportunity to expand much more in different areas. And, of course, I cannot but express my satisfaction for your country’s recognition of the Armenian Genocide and also for the political support we feel during our cooperation with the European Union, because Armenia-European Union relations are very important for us,” said President Sargsyan.
Chancellor Angela Merkel expressed her satisfaction and gratitude for being hosted in Armenia. “Dear Mr. Sargsyan. I am glad to be hosted in your country and I am glad for our meeting. Last year, our countries celebrated the 25th anniversary of diplomatic relations, and today we can already conclude that our relations are positive. I agree with you in the sense that our relations have unused potential, and it should be used both in the political and economic, as well as in the fields of scientific research and technology. We want to take part in the reforms announced by Armenia, we are carefully following the changes and processes that took place in your country in the spring. We are ready to continue cooperating on this perhaps difficult but important path.”
At the meeting, the interlocutors referred to Armenia-EU cooperation, as well as the opportunities to deepen bilateral relations in different cultural, educational and scientific directions.
What Would Happen If an Armenian Diplomat Questions the term Holocaust while in Israel?
Israel’s Deputy Foreign Minister Alexander Ben-Zvi places a flower at the Dzidzernagapert Genocide Memorial on Tuesday
ARA KHACHATOURIAN
“The tragedy of the Armenian nation has never been questioned. There is a historical question of what to call it, but what has happened is a fact that everyone accepts. It’s not a matter of political discussion. Let historians decide what to call the tragedy.” This is what Israel’s Deputy Foreign Minister Alexander Ben-Zvi said on Tuesday when visiting the Dzidzernagapert Armenian Genocide Memorial Complex.
Upon reading this I thought what would happen if one of Armenia’s deputy foreign ministers visited Yad Vashem, The World Holocaust Remembrance Center in Jerusalem, and paid tribute to the victims of Nazi Germany’s systematic annihilation of Jews and pussyfooted around using the word Holocaust.
Most likely, all hell would break loose.
I envision Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu decreeing the immediate expulsion of the said diplomat from Israel and freezing the already cool diplomatic ties with Yerevan. World leaders would then chime in with their condemnation of Armenia’s insensitive and tone deaf approach to the Holocaust, while Jewish organizations, some of which just recently decided to call the events of 1915 “Genocide,” would be in an uproar renewing their lobbying to discredit efforts to pass a Genocide recognition bill in Congress. More important, the Israeli press would quickly pick up on the diplomatic gaffe and would mold Israeli public opinion against Armenia and Armenians. Not to mention the Israeli academicians, such as Israel Charny and Yair Auron to name a few,
Instead, according to the foreign ministry’s press office Foreign Minister Zohrab Mnatsakanyan “presented Armenia’s ongoing initiatives directed at prevention of genocides and crimes against humanity, noting that the third Global Counterterrorism Forum will be held in Yerevan on December 9 [and will be] dedicated to the role of education in the prevention of genocides. Referring to the process of international recognition and condemnation of the Armenian Genocide, the Foreign Minister mentioned that it is a moral responsibility and a tribute to the memory of innocent victims, while at the same time it is an important contribution to international efforts to prevent genocide and crimes against humanity.”
Yet Ben-Zvi stands on the grounds of the Armenian Genocide Memorial Complex and spits on the memory of the 1.5 million victims of the Genocide with no recourse or admonishment and walks away with the continued pledges of improving ties between Armenia and Israel.
And let’s look at those so-called “improving” ties.
Netanyahu, once again, halted the debate of a bill to recognize the Genocide in the Knesset in June, after the Israeli political apparatus, once again, decided to play the Genocide card when Turkey threated Tel Aviv after Israel attacked a Palestinian settlement in Gaza in May. The fact that the Genocide issue comes into play in Israeli politics only during spats with Turkey is proof enough that Israel does not necessarily want to become “a partner” with Armenia.
Then there’s that pesky issue of the estimated $5 billion in arms sales to Azerbaijan, whose army commanders urged a military contractor to “live test” an armed suicide drone directed at Artsakh military targets. While that military contract was allegedly suspended, again there has been no firm posturing from Armenia. Mnatsakanyan told Ben-Zvi that “our partners should abstain from all actions that could potentially result in arms race, as well as provoke instability in the region.”
Mnatsakanyan’s statements signal a more resolute tone toward Israel in comparison to his predecessor, Edward Nalbandian, who met with Netanyahu last fall with nary a mention of these thorny and contentious issues blocking normal ties with the Jewish State.
I am not suggesting that Mnatsakanyan should have started a diplomatic row with Israel, but he and other officials should consider what Israel would do if the situation were reversed and say Armenia were supplying arms to the Palestinians and disrespecting the Holocaust all at the same time.
75 ans après l’Affiche rouge, la mort de son dernier survivant Arsène Tchakarian vient rapppeler l’épopée des FTP-MOI
[article initialement publié le 21 février 2014, à l’occasion des 70 ans de l’exécution du groupe Manoukian]
“Dans quelques heures, je ne serai plus de ce monde. On va être fusillés » (…) Aujourd’hui, il y a du soleil. C’est en regardant au soleil et à la belle nature que j’ai tant aimée que je dirai adieu à la vie et à vous tous, ma bien chère femme et mes bien chers amis.(…) Bonheur à ceux qui vont nous survivre et goûter la douceur de la Liberté et de la Paix de demain(…) Au moment de mourir, je proclame que je n’ai aucune haine contre le peuple allemand”.
Beaucoup s’en vont, – plusieurs ultimes lettres l’attestent -, en disant leur attachement à la France, qui les reconnaîtra pour siens. Victoires posthumes : avant de devenir légende, leur fin clôt sous les balles nazies une épopée qui, si elle n’a pas changé le cours de la guerre, a contribué au sens de la Résistance et interpelle aujourd’hui encore la nation française. C’est aussi l’histoire d’une vaste opération policière réussie devenue un échec de propagande.
Les FTP (Francs tireurs partisans), eux, sont l’organisation de résistance créée fin 1941 – à la rupture du pacte germano-soviétique – par le Parti communiste français. Née dans le même temps, sa branche FTP-MOI procède des deux. Elle est en contact direct avec Jacques Duclos qui représente de fait le Komintern (Internationale communiste).
Comme ceux de la MOI, ses effectifs sont formés principalement de réfugiés de multiples pays d’Europe. Beaucoup sont très jeunes ; d’autres ont déjà une expérience du combat, acquise pour certains dans les brigades internationales espagnoles. Leur motivation est d’autant plus grande que le sort fait aux étrangers par les lois de Vichy comme la traque allemande ne leur laisse nul espoir de paix et que les échos des camps d’extermination commencent à parvenir.
Persécutions et rafles contribueront à renforcer leur détermination dans une atmosphère de précarité (“Chez nous, on a trois mois de survie au mieux“, dit un responsable à ses recrues). Formés aux armes et à la lutte clandestine, ils se distinguent dans la Résistance par leur courage et leur efficacité malgré leur petit nombre (guère plus d’une soixantaine de combattants simultanément opérationnels à Paris) et une répression croissante. Sabotages, attentats individuels : 229 actions leur seront imputées au total en moins de deux ans.
A Paris, les FTP-MOI sont d’abord dirigées en 1942 par Boris Holban (34 ans), de son vrai nom Bruhman. Issu d’une famille juive qui a fui la Russie pour la Bessarabie, puis la France, Boris Holban s’était engagé en 1939 dans un régiment de volontaires étrangers. Fait prisonnier, il avait pu s’évader grâce au réseau d’une religieuse de Metz, soeur Hélène (François Mitterrand bénéficiera du même réseau).
Missak Manouchian ne rejoint lui-même le groupe combattant qu’en février 1943. Né en 1906 dans une famille qui sera victime du génocide arménien, il a émigré en France dans les années 1920. Ouvrier par nécessité, c’est aussi un intellectuel féru de littérature et un poète. Communiste, il avait été arrêté au début de la guerre, mais libéré faute de charge et vivait depuis dans la clandestinité, responsable notamment au Parti de la branche arménienne de la MOI.
Le coût humain du combat des FTP-MOI, dans l’ensemble, est élevé mais le but politique visé par la direction communiste est atteint : l'”insécurisation” de l’occupant harcelé par des attentats quasi quotidiens. Paris ne peut plus être un camp de repos pour guerriers et nazis méritants.
Redoublant de zèle, les services français de la Préfecture de Police, – qui y emploient près de 130 inspecteurs, renseignements généraux en tête – accentuent leur traque. Le 16 novembre 1943, une trahison arrachée sous la torture [voir ci-dessous] leur permet, après de longues filatures, d’arrêter Manouchian avec plusieurs de ses amis, à Évry Petit-Bourg, sur les berges de la Seine.
Sa compagne Mélinée parvient à s’échapper, mais une soixantaine d’autres arrestations sont opérées. Manouchian et vingt-deux de ses camarades sont livrés aux Allemands. Ceux-ci vont tenter, avec la collaboration vichyssoise, de pousser leur succès dans une opération de propagande qui se veut éclatante.
La sentence sans surprise – la mort pour tous, en fait déjà décidée – est « prononcée » le 21 février et exécutée le jour même. Plus que le simulacre de justice ou le châtiment sinistrement banal – une quarantaine d’autres combattants des FTP-MOI seront fusillés plus discrètement dans les semaines suivantes – , c’est pourtant une affiche qui se trouve au cœur de la mise en scène.Imprimée, selon des estimations, à près de 15 000 exemplaires – et aussi reproduite dans des tracts – elle sera largement diffusée à Paris et dans plusieurs grandes villes.
« Des libérateurs ? », interroge t-elle avec la présentation, sur les vingt-trois condamnés, de dix visages choisis notamment pour la consonance rugueuse du nom qui leur est associé. Réponse en forme de slogan : « la libération par l’armée du crime ! ». La teinte sanglante de l’affiche doit accroître l’effroi. Ses diagonales parodient le V de la victoire.
Après la nouvelle de leur mise à mort, des inscription griffonnées, voire des fleurs , viennent un peu partout rendre hommage aux suppliciés : « morts pour la France », « des martyrs »… L’horreur née de l’affiche n’est pas celle qu’avaient prévue les nazis et leurs collaborateurs, ni d’avantage sa postérité. Si le martyr des vingt-trois combattants s’efface un peu dans le tumulte de la Libération et de l’immédiat après-guerre – où s’édifie la légende d’une résistance d’abord voulue tricolore -, il ne sera pas oublié.
La médaille de la Résistance leur est décernée en 1947. Aragon, surtout, leur consacre un poème en 1955 : « l’Affiche rouge », composé à partir de la lettre de Manouchian à sa « petite orpheline », sa femme Mélinée, au matin du dernier jour. Mis en musique et interprété par Léo Ferré, il sera repris par d’innombrables artistes, perpétuant durablement le souvenir des vingt-trois mais aussi des autres, plus anonymes encore, dont le destin continue de résonner.
Vingt et trois étrangers et nos frères pourtant
Vingt et trois amoureux de vivre à en mourir
Vingt et trois qui criaient la France en s´abattant »
Que puis-je t’écrire, tout est confus en moi et bien claire en même temps. Je m’étais engagé dans l’armée de la Liberation en soldat volontaire et je meurs à deux doigts de la victoire et de but. Bonheur ! à ceux qui vont nous survivre et goutter la douceur de la liberté et de la Paix de demain. J’en suis sûre que le peuple français et tous les combattants de la Liberté sauront honorer notre mémoir dignement.
Au moment de mourir je proclame que je n’ai aucune haine contre le peuple allemand et contre qui que ce soit. Chacun aura ce qu’il méritera comme chatiment et comme récompense. Le peuple Allemand et tous les autres peuples vivront en paix et en fraternité après la guerre qui ne durera plus longtemps. Bonheur ! à tous ! —
J’ai un regret profond de ne t’avoir pas rendu heureuse. j’aurais bien voulu avoir un enfant de toi comme tu le voulais toujours. Je te prie donc de te marier après la guerre sans faute et avoir un enfant pour mon honneur et pour accomplir ma dernière volonté. Marie-toi avec quelqu’un qui puisse te rendre heureuse. Tous mes biens et toutes mes affaires je lègue à toi et à ta sœur et pour mes neveux. Après la guerre tu pourra faire valoir ton droit de pension de guerre en temps que ma femme, car je meurs en soldat regulier de l’Armée française de la Liberation.
Avec l’aide des amis qui voudront bien m’honorer, tu feras éditer mes poèmes et mes ecris qui valent d’être lus. Tu apportera mes souvenirs si possibles, à mes parents en Arménie. Je mourrai avec mes 23 camarades toute à l’heure avec courage et serénité d’un homme qui a la conscience bien tranquille, car personnellement, je n’ai fais mal à personne et si je l’ai fais, je l’ai fais sans haine.
Aujourd’hui il y a du soleil. C’est en regardant au soleil et à la belle nature que jai tant aimé que je dirai Adieu ! à la vie et à vous tous ma bien chère femme et mes bien chers amis. Je pardonne à tous ceux qui m’ont fait du mal où qui ont voulu me faire du mal sauf à celui qui nous à trahis pour racheter sa peau et ceux qui nous ont vendu. Je t’embrasse bien bien fort ainsi que ta sœur et tous les amis qui me connaisse de loin ou de près, je vous serre tous sur mon cœur. Adieu. Ton ami Ton camarade Ton mari Manouchian Michel (djanigt).
P.S. Jai quinze mille francs dans la valise de la Rue de Plaisance. Si tu peus les prendre rends mes dettes et donne le reste à Armène. M.M.
L’Histoire : Avant d’être fusillé, Manouchian, dans sa dernière lettre, pardonne à tous, « sauf à celui qui nous a trahis pour racheter sa peau et ceux qui nous ont vendus ». Qui est le traître ?
Adam Rayski
: Dans l’esprit de Manouchian il s’agissait de Joseph Davidovitch, commissaire politique des FTP-MOI1 depuis juin 1943. Manouchian était son subordonné et ne l’a accepté qu’à contrecœur. En octobre, Davidovitch disparaît. Par une fuite de la préfecture, nous avons appris qu’un résistant dont le signalement correspondait à celui de Davidovitch avait craqué, était passé aux aveux. Il sillonnait Paris en voiture avec les policiers français pour piéger les camarades sur leurs lieux de rendez-vous. A la suite d’une évasion simulée, il devait infiltrer la MOI et remonter jusqu’à la direction clandestine du Parti. Après les coups de filet de mars 1943 – 140 camarades arrêtés –, la police s’était déjà bien infiltrée. En janvier 1944, ce sont deux adjoints de Duclos qui tombent. Davidovitch a contribué à mieux cerner l’organigramme clandestin. Sa trahison ne fait plus aucun doute.L’Histoire : Et quels sont ceux qui ont vendu ?
Adam Rayski : Une certitude : Manouchian ne pouvait soupçonner les communistes. Pour Mélinée, sa veuve, il est mort communiste. « Vendre » est le mot de la terminologie résistante et de la presse clandestine pour désigner la Collaboration et Vichy, surtout après Montoire. A son procès, quand Manouchian déclare : « Vous avez vendu votre conscience et votre âme à l’ennemi », il s’adresse avec mépris à un parterre de gestapistes français et de journalistes collaborateurs. (…)
L’Histoire : Que pensez-vous de la thèse de la « tricolorisation » du Parti ? Certains historiens prétendent que le PC, soucieux de redorer son blason cocardier, aurait sacrifié délibérément les combattants « Manouchian » aux noms trop juifs et à l’accent yiddish si peu national…
Adam Rayski :Le groupe Manouchian n’était pas comme ça. suspendu en l’air. Il était en interconnexion avec tous les rouages du Parti. On ne pouvait livrer sélectivement Manouchian sans mettre en danger toutes les organisations dans la mouvance du Parti. Dans l’hécatombe de mars 1943, il y avait beaucoup de Français de pure souche. Il n’y a qu’à lire le rapport de police du 3 décembre 1943, établi après la chute de Manouchian : « 67 arrestations, 14 Français aryens, 4 Français juifs, 19 étrangers aryens, 30 étrangers juifs. ».
L’Histoire : y a-t-il une responsabilité du PCF dans la chute du groupe Manouchian ?
Adam Rayski : En mai 1943, devant le bilan des pertes des organisations juives, j’ai demandé le repli. le transfert de notre direction dans la zone Sud. Le Parti a refusé, qualifiant cette attitude de « capitu1arde ». Le PC voulait continuer à frapper dans la capitale, avec ce qui restait son unique bras séculier : les FTP-MOI. Stratégiquement, la direction, pour affirmer sa suprématie vis-à-vis de Londres et du Conseil national de la Résistance, désirait capitaliser les actions d’éclat de la MOI. La direction nationale juive est partie in extremis pour Lyon, mais les FTP ont continué à lutter sur place avec acharnement. Le Parti a sous-estimé l’impératif de la guérilla urbaine – savoir décrocher – et a tiré un rendement politique maximum des coups d’éclat de la MOI. A terme, c’était donc bien une grave erreur politique. La part de responsabilité du PC dans les arrestations de résistants – dont les 23 de l’Affiche rouge – est indiscutable. Mais ne parlons pas à propos du Parti de trahison ; ne parlons pas non plus d’abandon et encore moins de sacrifice prémédité.
(Propos recueillis par Alain Rubens.) Lire l’entretien complet
Ni l’orgue ni la prière aux agonisants
Onze ans déjà que cela passe vite onze ans
Vous vous étiez servis simplement de vos armes
La mort n’éblouit pas les yeux des Partisans
Vous aviez vos portraits sur les murs de nos villes
Noirs de barbe et de nuit hirsutes menaçants
L’affiche qui semblait une tache de sang
Parce qu’à prononcer vos noms sont difficiles
Y cherchait un effet de peur sur les passants
Nul ne semblait vous voir Français de préférence
Les gens allaient sans yeux pour vous le jour durant
Mais à l’heure du couvre-feu des doigts errants
Avaient écrit sous vos photos MORTS POUR LA FRANCE
Et les mornes matins en étaient différents
Tout avait la couleur uniforme du givre
A la fin février pour vos derniers moments
Et c’est alors que l’un de vous dit calmement
Bonheur à tous Bonheur à ceux qui vont survivre
Je meurs sans haine en moi pour le peuple allemand
Adieu la peine et le plaisir Adieu les roses
Adieu la vie adieu la lumière et le vent
Marie-toi sois heureuse et pense à moi souvent
Toi qui vas demeurer dans la beauté des choses
Quand tout sera fini plus tard en Erivan
Un grand soleil d’hiver éclaire la colline
Que la nature est belle et que le coeur me fend
La justice viendra sur nos pas triomphants
Ma Mélinée ô mon amour mon orpheline
Et je te dis de vivre et d’avoir un enfant
Ils étaient vingt et trois quand les fusils fleurirent
Vingt et trois qui donnaient le coeur avant le temps
Vingt et trois étrangers et nos frères pourtant
Vingt et trois amoureux de vivre à en mourir
Vingt et trois qui criaient la France en s’abattant
Parmi les publications récentes, noter ce site très complet et régulièrement alimenté. Le quotidien “l’humanité” consacre également cette année un “hors série” dédié à “l’affiche rouge”. Voir aussi ce document de la mairie d’Ivry sur Seine – où reposent les fusillés – et , très complet, d’Adam
Azerbaijani Press: MP: Armenian ex-president to answer for crimes against Azerbaijanis
Azerbaijan would like to believe that Robert Kocharyan and Yuri Khachaturov will answer for the crimes they have committed against the Azerbaijanis, MP Aydin Mirzazade told Trend July 31.
“Everybody in Azerbaijan knows Robert Kocharyan and Yuri Khachaturov,” he said. “Kocharyan was the president of Armenia for 10 years, while Khachaturov was the head of the General Staff of the Armenian armed forces for 10 years.”
“But we know them not for their positions they held once, but for a special role in the occupation of Azerbaijani territories, the expulsion of our compatriots from their native lands and murdering them, the Khojaly genocide,” Mirzazade said. “Unfortunately, they have not yet been punished for these crimes, but I would like to believe they will answer for them.”
He stressed that Kocharyan has already been arrested, while Khachaturov is expected to be arrested.
“They are accused of forcibly overthrowing the constitutional order in Armenia in 2008,” Mirzazade said. “Nothing is mentioned about the crimes committed in the Nagorno-Karabakh region, but the issue related to Kocharyan and Khachaturov shows that those who have committed crimes against other people will never be able to bring happiness to their own people.”
“A criminal always remains a criminal,” he said. “History once again proved that those who committed crimes against humanity do not go unpunished.”
Book: Armenian version of ‘The Gambler’, a book about Kirk Kerkorian, to be presented in Gyumri
The presentation of the Armenian version of “The Gambler”, a book about American-Armenian businessman, billionaire, philanthropist, Executive Director of Tracinda Corporation and National Hero of Armenia Kirk Kerkorian is set to be held in Armenia’s second largest city of Gyumri.
The Edit Print publishing house in cooperation with the Gyumri community administration will organize the book presentation on 4 August in the area close to the statue of Kirk Kerkorian, the publishing house told Panorama.am.
Authored by William C. Rempel, “The Gambler” was released in the United States and has already become a bestseller. The book has been translated into Armenian by Alina and Anna Mirzoyans.
“Kirk Kerkorian was a very closed person, who would rarely give interviews or address public. He placed the protection of his own life above everything else. Kerkorian’s advisers and partners believed that even after his death, it was necessary to keep his isolation, but Rempel managed to find exceptions,” Alina Mirzoyan said.
“The Gambler: How Penniless Dropout Kirk Kerkorian Became the Greatest Deal Maker in Capitalist History Hardcover” was released on 23 January 2018.
The author states that this is an inspiring story of the 98-year life of Kirk Kerkorian, a boy who would run barefoot on the soft and fertile land of the San Joaquin Valley until his family’s financial crisis turned him into a city boy who was forced to fight for finding his place on the dirty sidewalks of Los Angeles.
He was a tough boy who would cry during funerals, a modest person who would secretly take pride in his achievements, a business genius who would ignore the MBA’s advisors, a brave pilot and movie magnate, a gambler in casinos and in Wall Street and a person who would place bets on the most probable outcome with a supernatural skill and minimum risks.
This is factually a documental book, since all the citations and descriptive scenes are based on eyewitness accounts or previously published stories.
Italy’s President Sergio Mattarella to arrive in Armenia on state visit
President of Italy Sergio Mattarella will arrive in Armenia on a two-day state visit on July 30 together with his daughter Laura Mattarella at the invitation of Armenian President Armen Sarkissian.
The Italian President’s delegation includes minister of foreign affairs and international cooperation Enzo Moavero Milanesi, as well as other officials.
On the same day an official welcoming ceremony for the Italian President will be held at the Armenian Presidential Palace which will be followed by the private meeting of Presidents Armen Sarkissian and Sergio Mattarella. Thereafter, an extended format meeting will be held with the participation of the delegations of the two countries. The two Presidents will hold a joint press conference.
During the visit the President of Italy will meet with Armenia’s top leadership and will be hosted by His Holiness Garegin II, Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians.
The Italian delegation will also visit the Armenian Genocide Memorial.
The opening ceremony of the center for protection of the Armenian-Italian cultural heritage will take place which will be attended by the Armenian and Italian Presidents.
RFE/RL Armenian Report – 07/26/2018
Thursday,
Armenia Not Eligible For U.S. Aid Scheme
• Nane Sahakian
Armenia - First Deputy Prime Minister Ararat Mirzoyan speaks at a cabinet
meeting in Yerevan, 22 May 2018.
Armenia can no longer qualify for a multimillion-dollar U.S. aid program
because of what the World Bank regards as growth in living standards in the
country, according to First Deputy Prime Minister Ararat Mirzoyan.
The administration of former U.S. President George W. Bush launched the
Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) program in 2006 in an effort to reward
developing nations committed to major reforms. Shortly afterwards Armenia
received $177 million in MCA funding for the rehabilitation of its rural
irrigation networks.
The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), a U.S. government agency running
the aid scheme, also planned to allocate $60 million for the reconstruction of
the country’s rural roads. But it scrapped that allocation shortly after a
disputed 2008 presidential election that was followed by a government crackdown
on the Armenian opposition.
Former President Serzh Sarkisian’s government tried unsuccessfully to get the
MCA to unfreeze aid to Armenia. U.S. officials said, among other things, that
it is not doing enough to combat widespread corruption.
The United States signaled its readiness to boost its economic assistance to
Armenia following a democratic revolution that swept Nikol Pashinian and his
allies to power in early May. U.S. Ambassador Richard Mills said in late May
that Washington is now exploring possibilities of doing that, including the MCA.
Mirzoyan discussed the issue with U.S. officials when he visited Washington
last week. He said he was told that Armenia is not eligible for MCA funding
anymore because the World Bank recently upgraded its status from a “lower
middle income” to an “upper middle income” country.
Mirzoyan said he suggested that the U.S. government consider other channels of
financial support for the new authorities in Yerevan. “If we no longer meet MCA
criteria, then I think it’s definitely possible to think about a new mechanism
whereby the U.S. would provide assistance to democracy in Armenia,” he told
RFE/RL’s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am).
Ambassador Mills said last week that Washington is still considering increasing
assistance to Armenia. “We are looking at what is possible, including changes
in levels of our funding through the USAID and other U.S. government agencies,”
he told reporters.
Suren Sargsian, an Armenian political analyst, was skeptical about the
Pashinian government’s chances of securing greater U.S. aid. “I consider that
unlikely at least at this stage, under the Trump administration, because the
Trump administration’s [international] priorities are a bit different,” he said.
Sargsian suggested that the situation might change if the Democratic Party
gains control over the U.S. Congress in the November mid-term elections.
Democratic lawmakers have traditionally been more supportive of causes
championed by the Armenian-American lobby groups than their Republican
colleagues.
Kocharian Questioned Over 2008 Crackdown
• Artak Hambardzumian
Armenia -- Former president Robert Kocharian gives an interview to RFE/RL,
Yerevan, 5Sep2015
Investigators interrogated former President Robert Kocharian on Thursday in
connection with a deadly 2008 crackdown on opposition protesters in Yerevan
which he ordered during the final weeks of his rule.
Armenia’s Special Investigative Service (SIR) had for years avoided questioning
Kocharian or his successor Serzh Sarkisian amid opposition allegations of a
cover-up of the use of lethal force against supporters of Levon Ter-Petrosian,
the main opposition candidate in the February 2008 presidential election.
Ter-Petrosian staged nonstop demonstrations against what he regarded as
fraudulent results of the vote that gave victory to Sarkisian. Eight protesters
and two police servicemen were killed as security forces quelled the protests
on the night from March 1-2, 2008. Nobody has been prosecuted in connection
with those deaths so far.
Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian, who was a key backer of Ter-Petrosian in 2008,
told the SIS to finally solve the killings when he appointed a new head of the
law-enforcement agency, Sasun Khachatrian, on June 12. Shortly afterwards, the
SIS decided to question Kocharian as a witness in the case.
The SIS gave no details of the interrogation which apparently lasted for
between two and three hours. Khachatrian told reporters earlier in the day that
it will be videotaped. He made clear that the video will not be made public.
Journalists waiting outside the main entrance to the SIS headquarters in
Yerevan did not see Kocharian. The 63-year-old ex-president, who governed
Armenia from 1998-2008,made his way into the building through another entrance.
Kocharian has repeatedly defended the post-election crackdown in the past,
saying that it prevented a violent of seizure of power by the Ter-Petrosian-led
opposition. Earlier this year, he blamed Pashinian for the post-election
bloodshed. Pashinian was the main speaker at the anti-government protest broken
up on that night.
Early this month, the SIS issued an arrest warrant for retired General Mikael
Harutiunian, who served as defense minister during the 2008 unrest. It charged
Harutiunian with illegally using the armed forces against the protesters,
saying that amounted to an “overthrow of constitutional order.”
Kocharian declared a state of emergency and ordered army units into downtown
Yerevan late on March 1, 2008 amid vicious clashes between protesters and
security forces trying to disperse them. According to the SIS, Harutiunian
started “illegally” deploying troops in the Armenian capital a week before the
unrest.
On July 9, a spokesman for Kocharian denounced the accusations levelled against
the fugitive ex-general as a “mockery of the law”
Kocharian Charged Over 2008 Crackdown
• Artak Hambardzumian
Armenia -- Former president Robert Kocharian gives an interview to RFE/RL,
Yerevan, 5Sep2015
Investigators moved to arrest Armenia’s former President Robert Kocharian on
Thursday after filing criminal charges against him stemming from a deadly 2008
crackdown on opposition protesters in Yerevan which was ordered by him.
The Special Investigative Service (SIR) charged Kocharian with “overthrowing
constitutional order of Armenia” during the final weeks of his rule. The SIS
asked a Yerevan court to remand him in pre-trial custody.
The extraordinary move followed Kocharian’s first-ever interrogation by SIS
officials investigating the use of lethal force against supporters of Levon
Ter-Petrosian, the main opposition candidate in the February 2008 presidential
election.
Ter-Petrosian staged nonstop demonstrations against what he regarded as
fraudulent results of the vote that gave victory to Serzh Sarkisian,
Kocharian's preferred successor. Eight protesters and two police servicemen
were killed as security forces quelled the protests on the night from March
1-2, 2008. Nobody has been prosecuted in connection with those deaths so far.
Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian, who was a key backer of Ter-Petrosian in 2008,
told the SIS to finally solve the killings when he appointed a new head of the
law-enforcement agency, Sasun Khachatrian, on June 12. Shortly afterwards, the
SIS decided to question Kocharian as a witness in the case.
The SIS gave no details of the interrogation which apparently lasted for
between two and three hours. Khachatrian told reporters earlier in the day that
it will be videotaped. He made clear that the video will not be made public.
Journalists waiting outside the main entrance to the SIS headquarters in
Yerevan did not see Kocharian. The 63-year-old ex-president, who governed
Armenia from 1998-2008,made his way into the building through another entrance.
Kocharian has repeatedly defended the post-election crackdown in the past,
saying that it prevented a violent of seizure of power by the Ter-Petrosian-led
opposition. Earlier this year, he blamed Pashinian for the post-election
bloodshed. Pashinian was the main speaker at the anti-government protest broken
up on that night.
Early this month, the SIS issued an arrest warrant for retired General Mikael
Harutiunian, who served as defense minister during the 2008 unrest. It charged
Harutiunian with illegally using the armed forces against the protesters,
saying that amounted to an “overthrow of constitutional order.”
Kocharian declared a state of emergency and ordered army units into downtown
Yerevan late on March 1, 2008 amid vicious clashes between protesters and
security forces trying to disperse them. According to the SIS, Harutiunian
started “illegally” deploying troops in the Armenian capital a week before the
unrest.
On July 9, a spokesman for Kocharian denounced the accusations levelled against
the fugitive ex-genera l as a “mockery of the law”
Defiant Kocharian Decries ‘Political Vendetta’
Armenia - Former President Robert Kocharian is interviewed in his office,
Yerevan, 8Apr2015. (Photo courtesty of 2rd.am)
Former President Robert Kocharian on Thursday rejected as baseless and
politically motivated coup charges levelled against him by an Armenian
law-enforcement body investigating the 2008 post-election violence in Yerevan.
“This is an absolutely fabricated accusation,” Kocharian told the Yerkir Media
TV channel in an interview.
“This is clear political persecution, a vendetta by the ‘velvet revolution,”’
he said, adding that Armenia’s new government wants to “neutralize” him ahead
of parliamentary elections expected in the coming months.
The Special Investigative Service (SIS) charged Kocharian with “overthrowing
constitutional order” in the wake of a February 2008 presidential election
official results of which gave victory to his preferred successor, Serzh
Sarkisian. The main opposition presidential candidate, Levon Ter-Petrosian,
rejected those results as fraudulent and held nonstop demonstrations in the
Armenian capital, demanding a rerun of the disputed ballot.
Security forces broke up those protests on March 1-2, 2008. Eight protesters
and two police servicemen died as a result.
Kocharian said that the coup charges brought against him ran counter to the
decisions of Armenia’s Central Election Commission and the Constitutional Court
that validated the official election outcome. He insisted that Ter-Petrosian
garnered only 21.5 percent of the vote.
“As incumbent head of state, I was the carrier and guarantor of constitutional
order. Did I overthrow myself in some strange way?” he said.
The SIS announced its decision to prosecute the ex-president and ask a Yerevan
court to allow his arrest just hours after interrogating him in connection with
the March 2008 unrest. It had summoned him to testify as a witness in the case.
Kocharian said SIS investigators told him right at the beginning of the
interrogation that they now consider him a criminal suspect. “As soon as they
changed my status I decided not to give testimony because when I read that
indictment I was stunned,” he said.
The ex-president also made clear that he will not try to flee the country to
avoid arrest. “I will go to jail and will fight till the end,” he said. “Where
would I flee?”
Press Review
“Zhoghovurd” sees a serious toughening of Armenia’s official rhetoric in the
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The paper says that Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian
has repeatedly stated that the existence of an “atmosphere conducive to peace”
is essential for making progress towards the conflict’s resolution. “It is
evident that Pashinian’s statements are primarily addressed to the
international community, namely the world powers and the co-chairs of the OSCE
Minsk Group,” it says. “After all, it is the international community which must
be consistent in reining in Azerbaijan.”
“Zhamanak” reports that a radical opposition group whose armed members seized a
police station in Yerevan in July 2016 plans to participate in snap
parliamentary elections which are due to be held in Armenia later this year or
in the first half of 2019.“Many believe that this force will be playing an
unconstructive role and, having no big political prospects and being conscious
of that, will heighten tensions,” writes the paper. It says it is too early to
say whether the movement led by Zhirary Sefilian will revert to armed struggle
in case of faring poorly in the elections.
“Aravot” questions the need for pre-term municipal elections in Yerevan, saying
that former Mayor Taron Markarian or one of his allies could have continued to
run the city under the new central government. “The main thing is for
law-enforcement authorities to closely monitor things and prevent corrupt
practices,” the paper writes in an editorial.
“We need reforms and other changes badly,” writes “Hraparak.” “The swap that
was formed in Armenia over the decades is anathema to any progress and
development. There is no doubt that our country needed fresh air brought by
Nikol Pashinian and the public. It is only natural that people took to the
streets in hopes of seeing positive change and is now patient. This is another
reason why our young rulers are in a hurry. That haste is fraught with many
dangers. One thing is clear: Nikol Pashinian’s government has hit various
sectors and individuals and has moved many things at a time. It therefore runs
the risk of failure.”
(Tigran Avetisian)
Reprinted on ANN/Armenian News with permission from RFE/RL
Copyright (c) 2018 Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, Inc.
1201 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20036.
www.rferl.org
Renowned composer Aram Khachaturian’s Gayane ballet performed in Moscow after 60-year break
YEREVAN, JULY 24, ARMENPRESS. Renowned composer Aram Khachaturian’s Gayane ballet was performed at Moscow’s Bolshoi Theatre on July 24 after a 60-year break, reports Armenpress.
The performance is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the First Republic of Armenia, the 2800th anniversary of Yerevan and 115th birthday anniversary of the renowned composer.
Armenian Prime Minister’s spouse Anna Hakobyan, Director of the National Security Service Artur Vanetsyan and Culture Minister Lilit Makunts attended the performance.
Before the start of the ballet, Armenia’s Ambassador to Russia Vardan Toghanyan, Russian culture minister Vladimir Medinsky and artistic director of the Alexander Spendiaryan Opera and Ballet National Academic Theater Konstantin Orbelyan delivered remarks.
Edited and translated by Aneta Harutyunyan