Armenian Folk Ensemble Performs at HWS

Jan 15 2024
Thu, Jan 18 from 7:00pm to 9:00pm
Albright Auditorium
10 St. Clair St. Geneva, NY 14456

Cultural Exchange USA & Armenia, Thursday, January 18 at 7PM at Albright Auditorium at HWS. Donations accepted.

From the far reaches of Armenia, the ArmFolk group emerges, ready to enchant audiences with a mesmerizing presentation of Armenian culture through music and dance. Traditional instruments such as the Spiritual Duduk (wind instrument). Dhol (drum), and Qanon (string instrument) provide exotic and captivating sounds to accompany beautifully crafted musical compositions, lively dances, superb vocals and vibrant costumes. Prepare for an entertaining and authentic journey into the heart of Armenian heritage, suitable for audiences of all ages.

This cultural exchange of talented youth follows a Rotary Childrens Fund Friendship Exchange from 2022, when a team of American Rotarians visited Armenia and selected this group to be cultural ambassadors of Armenia in the US.

 

The California Courier Online, January 18, 2024

The California
Courier Online, January 18, 2024

 

1-         Israel’s
Foreign Minister Tweets the Term Armenian
Genocide: ‘Too little, Too Late’

            By Harut
Sassounian

            Publisher, California Courier

            www.TheCaliforniaCourier.com

2-         2024 Rose
Parade: ‘Armenian Melodies’ Float Wins Grand Marshal Trophy

3-         Teni
Melidonian Named Chief Oscars Officer

4-         Armenia
Artsakh Fund, American Armenian Businessmen Coalition Deliver
$483,000 of Medicines, Medical Supplies to Lebanon

 —————————————–

1-         Israel’s
Foreign Minister Tweets the Term

            Armenian
Genocide: ‘Too little, Too Late’

            By Harut
Sassounian

            Publisher, California Courier

            www.TheCaliforniaCourier.com

 

Israel’s
Foreign Minister Israel Katz reminded Pres. Recep Tayyip Erdogan of the
Armenian Genocide after the Turkish leader supported South
Africa’s complaint with the International Court of
Justice (World Court)
that Israel was committing genocide
against the Palestinians in Gaza.

Foreign Minister Katz tweeted on January 12, 2024: “The
president of Turkey Erdogan, from a country with the Armenian genocide in its
past, now boasts of targeting Israel
with unfounded claims. We remember the Armenians, the Kurds. Your history
speaks for itself. Israel
stands in defense, not destruction, against your barbarian allies.”

Within the larger context of the Israel-Hamas conflict, Israel’s reference to the Armenian Genocide to
attack Turkey
raises a number of important issues. After refusing for decades to acknowledge
the Armenian Genocide, Israel’s
Foreign Minister all of a sudden remembered the Armenian Genocide when it
suited his country’s interests. Here are my comments on his tweet:

1) Israeli Foreign Minister’s reference to the Armenian
Genocide cannot be considered a formal recognition which can only occur when
the Israeli Parliament (Knesset) adopts a resolution acknowledging the Armenian
Genocide.

2) This is not the first time that an Israeli Minister has
referred to the Armenian Genocide. Three other past Israeli Ministers had made
similar acknowledgements when they were serving in the government:

– Minister of Education Yossi Sarid stated on April 24,
2000, “I join you, members of the Armenian community, on your Memorial Day, as
you mark the 85th anniversary of your genocide. I am here, with you, as a human
being, as a Jew, as an Israeli, and as Education Minister of the State of
Israel.”

– Minister of Justice Yossi Beilin stated on April 24, 2000:
“Something happened that cannot be defined except as genocide. One-and-a-half
million people disappeared. It wasn’t negligence, it was deliberate.” Earlier,
when serving as Deputy Foreign Minister in 1994, Beilin made a similar
statement on the Armenian Genocide.

– Minister of Immigrant Absorption Yair Tsaban attended the
Memorial Day ceremonies of the Armenian community in Israel in 1995 and urged the
recognition of the Armenian Genocide.

3) Nevertheless, Israel’s Knesset attempted several
times in recent decades to adopt a resolution to recognize the Armenian
Genocide. Each time, the government of Israel
blocked the resolution to appease Turkey.

4) It is unacceptable that Israel
is using the Armenian Genocide as a bargaining chip in its problematic relations
with Turkey.
The State of Israel, as a nation of Holocaust survivors, should have been the
first country, hopefully not the last, to recognize the Armenian Genocide.

5) Equally unacceptable is the Israeli government’s excuses
for its denial of the Armenian Genocide. When relations are good between Israel and Turkey,
Israeli officials say: “We don’t wish to ruin our good relations with Turkey because
of the Armenian Genocide.” And when the relations are bad, as it is now, Israel declares: “We do not want to make our
relations with Turkey
worse by recognizing the Armenian Genocide.” Israel has thus tarnished its
reputation in the international community as a genocide denialist.

6) Contrary to the Israeli government’s denialism,
individual Jews have been some of the leading voices calling attention to the
Armenian Genocide: Henry Morgenthau, U.S. Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire
(1913-1916); Franz Werfel, Austrian Jewish novelist, author of: “The Forty Days
of Musa Dagh”; Raphael Lemkin, Polish Jewish Lawyer, who coined the term
genocide; Reuven Rivlin, former President of Israel when he was the Knesset
Chairman; Professors Israel Charny, Yair Auron, and Yehuda Bauer; and Nobel
Peace Prize Winner Elie Wiesel.

7) For years and more recently, Erdogan has used very harsh
words to insult the Israeli government and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu,
likening him to Hitler, and accusing him of being a ‘war criminal and
terrorist’ who is committing genocide against the Palestinians. However, as in
past conflicts, when the current crisis is over, Israel
and Turkey
will return to their earlier lovey-dovey relationship. Even at the height of
this existing hostile situation, the two countries have continued their
billions of dollars of trade, exchange of intelligence, and tourism.

8) Western Europe and the United States, by ignoring the
Turkish leader’s misdeeds within NATO and his warmongering in several regional
conflicts, have spoiled Erdogan to such a degree that he knows he would be able
to get away with anything he wanted to do without facing any consequences. Back
in 2010, when a Turkish humanitarian flotilla was approaching Gaza
to break Israel’s blockade, Israel’s
military attacked the Turkish ship killing 10 Turks. Thereafter, Netanyahu
issued an apology to Erdogan and paid $20 million in compensation to the
victims’ families.

9) Even if Israel
recognizes the Armenian Genocide, Armenians will not forget the billions of
dollars of lethal weapons that Israel
sold to Azerbaijan
to kill and injure thousands of Armenian soldiers during the Artsakh War.
Shockingly, even in the midst of the Israel-Gaza war, Israel has continued to sell additional
sophisticated armaments to Azerbaijan,
as several Azeri cargo planes have been seen leaving Israel loaded with such weapons.

The “Israel Hayom” newspaper published on January 14, 2024,
an article by Nadav Shragai, titled: “Recognize the Armenian genocide now.” The
author boldly wrote: “The Israeli government’s refusal to acknowledge the
Armenian genocide is a clear case of blatant moral bankruptcy.”

Back in 1989, when Netanyahu was Deputy Foreign Minister and
had not yet lost his moral compass, had said: “There are issues that go beyond
politics and diplomacy. Genocides are a clear case of this particular
category.”

 

************************************************
2-         2024 Rose Parade: ‘Armenian
Melodies’ Float Wins Grand Marshal Trophy

 

PASADENA (Combined
Sources)—“Armenian Melodies” has won the “Grand Marshal” award for Most
Outstanding Creative Concept and Float Design in the 135th Tournament of Roses,
which took place in Pasadena
on Monday, January 1, 2024.

The 55-foot-long float created by the Armenian American Rose
Float Association (AARFA) featured many aspects of Armenian culture, symbolism,
history, and current events. It’s the sixth year the association has
participated in the annual Rose Parade, whose theme this year was “Celebrating
a World of Music: The Universal Language.”

Inspired by the strength of Armenian matriarchs throughout
history, “Armenian Melodies” features dynamic Armenian mother and daughter
figures dressed in vibrant, traditional garb. Armenian birds played a
significant role on the float, with the crane, chukar, and little ringed
plover, which are indigenous to the Armenian Highlands, nestled around the
mother and daughter. Armenian instruments also featured prominently in
“Armenian Melodies,” with traditional wind instruments native to Armenia,
including the duduk, shvi, blul, and parkapzuk, and percussion instruments such
as the dhol and nagara. Along with AARFA’s tricolor logo, Armenian symbols were
placed throughout the float. A bushel of pomegranates represented good fortune
and abundance; apricots (whose scientific name is prunus Armeniaca); the
“arevakhatch” or sun cross, symbolized eternal life.

The intricate and historic patterns woven on the mother’s
dress, called a Taraz, were designed with red Christmas mums, whole
pomegranates, dried apricots, cranberry seeds and green Ti leaves. The crane
and other birds were decorated with orange lentil, blue and purple statice, red
cranberry, lima beans, kidney beans and yellow strawflower. Drums seen on the
front and back of the float were made of flax seed, blue and pink statice,
black onions, ground rice and other materials.

Float designer Johnny Kanounji, one of the founders of
AARFA, said, “The mother symbolizes everything to the Armenian community. She
is the root of all that holds the family together. Mothers show daughters what
Armenian culture, music, and everything is; passing the torch from mother to
daughter.”

Kanounji, a Pasadena
resident, said that each year’s parade entry has aimed to highlight different
aspects of Armenian culture, lifestyle, and even Los Angeles County
— home to over 500,000 Armenians.

This year’s float called for “nearly $350,000” of
fundraising, a feat Kanounji said “wasn’t easy.” But with the amount of money
used towards the project, Kanounji said he wants to make sure to design thoughtful
floats each year.

Past parade entries from the American Armenian Float
Association have also won awards — including the President’s trophy — in 2015,
2017 and 2018, respectively.

 ‐——————————–

3-         Teni Melidonian Named Chief
Oscars Officer

(Deadline)—The Academy
of Motion Pictures Arts
and Sciences (AMPAS) announced that Teni Melidonian was named to the newly
created position of Chief Oscars Officer, Deadline reported on Tuesday, January
9.

According to the entertainment news outlet, Melidonian will
lead strategy, talent relations, special events and production teams for all
awards programs and events.

This is a promotion for the longtime AMPAS executive, who as
the lead liaison with Disney/ABC—the Academy’s broadcast distribution
partner—headed Oscars ad sales, marketing, advertising and synergy strategies
supporting audience growth opportunities globally, according to Deadline.

In her new role, Melidonian will collaborate closely with
the Oscars producers and show host, Disney/ABC and Academy leadership—including
the Board of Governors and its committees—and oversee the teams involved in
developing and executing the Oscars for a global viewing audience, Deadline
reported.

The announcement was made Tuesday by Academy CEO Bill
Kramer, who also announced the promotion of MaryJane Partlow to Executive
Vice-President of Awards Production and Special Events.

“Teni is creative and forward-thinking—and her years of
Academy experience and strong knowledge of our awards are a huge asset for our
organization during this exciting and historic time. She played a critical role
in the success of last year’s show,” Kramer said in his announcement.

Melidonian was most recently Executive Vice-President of
Marketing and Oscars Strategy. She began her career at AMPAS in 2005 as a
publicist, advancing to head communications and publicity and overseeing brand
strategy and marketing before moving over to lead the Oscars Strategy team.
Prior to the Academy, Melidonian worked in Washington,
including at Armenia’s
Embassy to the United States.

———————————-

4-         Armenia Artsakh
Fund, American Armenian Businessmen Coalition Deliver
$483,000 of Medicines, Medical Supplies to Lebanon

The Armenia Artsakh Fund (AAF) in partnership with American
Armenian Businessmen Coalition (AABC) and MAP International delivered $483,000
of medicines, medical supplies and emergency aid to Beirut, Lebanon
in a 20 ft. container.

This valuable shipment included much needed medicines which
included various types of antibiotics, diabetes and blood pressure medicines,
First Aid Kits, medical supplies, thermal blankets and eyeglasses.

The medications and supplies will be distributed to
disadvantaged Armenians in Lebanon
free of charge. In the past 34 years AAF has delivered to Armenia and
Artsakh a total of over $1 billion worth of humanitarian aid on board 158
airlifts and 2,577 sea containers.

For more information, call the AAF office: (818) 241-8900;
————————
California Courier Online provides readers of the Armenian News News Service with a
few of the articles in this week's issue of The California Courier. Letters to
the editor are encouraged through our e-mail address, .
Letters are published with the author’s name and location; authors are required
to disclose their identity to the editorial staff (name, address, and/or
telephone numbers for verification purposes).
California Courier subscribers can change or modify mailing addresses by
emailing .

Anelka visits Pyunik Academy in Yerevan

 16:45, 18 January 2024

YEREVAN, JANUARY 18, ARMENPRESS. French retired football player Nicolas Anelka visited the F.C. Pyunik Academy in Yerevan on Thursday during his Armenia trip.

Anelka toured the academy and watched the training of F.C. Pyunik Yerevan II.

He then met with the young players of Pyunik and was gifted the club’s shirt with his name.

Azerbaijan obstructs process of unblocking regional infrastructures, Armenia warns EU

 10:38,

YEREVAN, JANUARY 19, ARMENPRESS. Azerbaijan is obstructing the unblocking of regional infrastructures, Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Vahan Kostanyan told Toivo Klaar, the EU Special Representative for the South Caucasus and the crisis in Georgia, during a meeting on Thursday.

In a readout, the foreign ministry said Kostanyan and Klaar “discussed the recent developments on regional security and establishment of peace.”

“In this context, the Deputy Foreign Minister drew the attention of interlocutors to the destructive statements made by the President of Azerbaijan in his recent interview, which aim to deviate from the peace agenda. Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Vahan Kostanyan stressed that the former USSR member states, including Armenia and Azerbaijan, recognize each other's borders in accordance with the Alma-Ata Declaration of December 1991, and the delimitation work should be carried out on the basis of the latest maps available at the time of the dissolution of the USSR. The Deputy Minister also emphasized the imperative of the withdrawal of the Azerbaijani armed forces from the sovereign territory of Armenia. Vahan Kostanyan noted that Azerbaijan is hindering the process of unblocking regional infrastructures, the 4 well-known principles of which — sovereignty, jurisdiction, reciprocity and equality — have been previously agreed between the parties,” the ministry said.

Central Bank of Armenia: exchange rates and prices of precious metals – 19-01-24

 16:58,

YEREVAN, 19 JANUARY, ARMENPRESS. The Central Bank of Armenia informs “Armenpress” that today, 19 January, USD exchange rate up by 0.17 drams to 405.42 drams. EUR exchange rate down by 0.38 drams to 441.10 drams. Russian Ruble exchange rate up by 0.01 drams to 4.58 drams. GBP exchange rate down by 0.11 drams to 514.07 drams.

The Central Bank has set the following prices for precious metals.

Gold price up by 29.89 drams to 26241.16 drams. Silver price down by 2.48 drams to 294.65 drams.

Croatian Foreign Minister welcomes direct contacts between Armenia and Azerbaijan

 19:28,

YEREVAN, JANUARY 19, ARMENPRESS. The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia Ararat Mirzoyan and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Croatia Gordan Grlić Radman discussed issues related to the enhancement of cooperation between the two countries.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia has issued a statement, summarizing the outcomes of the meeting between the foreign ministers of the two countries.

The Croatian Foreign Minister emphasized the importance of bilateral cooperation and expressed satisfaction with the well-established parliamentary and judicial relations. Mutual interest in strengthening economic cooperation between Croatia and Armenia was also underscored.

Minister Grlić Radman noted the increase in exports to Armenia for the second consecutive year, highlighting the existing potential in the fields of information technology, transport infrastructure, transition to green and digital technologies, the pharmaceutical industry and demining.

Minister Radman also emphasized the EU’s constant support for efforts to achieve stable and lasting peace between Armenia and Azerbaijan, based on the principles of sovereignty, inviolability of borders, and territorial integrity.

"I am pleased that Armenia recognizes the EU’s efforts at the highest level to promote the normalization of relations between Armenia and Azerbaijan. However, we need the joint efforts of all actors. In this sense, I particularly welcome the direct contacts between Armenia and Azerbaijan as steps towards achieving a peace agreement," concluded the Croatian Foreign Minister.



Ambassador of Armenia, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania discuss cooperation issues within the EU framework

 18:58,

YEREVAN, JANUARY 19, ARMENPRESS.  Ambassador of the Republic of Armenia to Romania, Tigran Galstyan on Friday was received by the Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Luminița Odobescu for the presentation of copies of his Letters of Credence.

The Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs congratulated the Ambassador on his assumption of office, wishing him success in his mission and expressing confidence that his tenure will contribute to the further strengthening of friendly relations between Armenia and Romania, the Embassy of Armenia to Romania said on social media.

It is noted that during the meeting, the potential of deepening and expanding bilateral cooperation in various fields, as well as issues related to multilateral cooperation within the framework of Armenia's partnership with the EU, were discussed. Reference was made to the regional security and humanitarian issues, emphasizing the importance of establishing stable peace.

Asbarez: AEF Welcomes ANCA-WR Donation for Displaced Artsakh Student Scholarships


The Armenian Education Foundation welcomed the news of a significant $20,000 contribution from the Armenian National Committee of America – Western Region.

This generous donation will sponsor an additional 33 displaced Artsakh students. ANCA-WR, recognized as the largest and widely recognized Armenian American grassroots advocacy organization in the Western United States, actively collaborates with a network of offices, chapters, and supporters. Together, they address a broad range of concerns within the Armenian American community, including the Armenian Cause.

The funds generously provided by ANCA-WR are earmarked to contribute to AEF’s mission of empowering and supporting the educational aspirations of Armenian youth. Specifically, these funds will be utilized to provide scholarships to displaced students from Artsakh, reflecting AEF’s commitment to addressing the challenges faced by those directly affected by the displacement crisis.

To date, AEF has taken significant actions in response to the displacement crisis in Artsakh. In a dedicated effort to alleviate the financial burdens on 133 students impacted by the displacement, AEF has pledged to grant scholarships, motivating these individuals to pursue their academic aspirations despite the obstacles they’ve encountered.

In addition to supporting displaced students, AEF has allocated a portion of its funds to award 50 scholarships for an IT certification program. Recognizing the increasing importance of technology in today’s world, these scholarships aim to equip individuals with valuable skills, creating new avenues for personal and professional growth.The objective is to provide educational tools that empower these students to seamlessly integrate into the workforce, thereby contributing to the Armenian economy.

Beyond scholarships, AEF extends its assistance by providing humanitarian aid to over 400 alumni, current scholarship recipients, and their families directly affected by the displacement.

This additional assistance underscores AEF’s commitment, not only to fostering educational development but also to addressing the immediate needs and challenges faced by these displaced families.

“We wish to express our deep appreciation to ANCA-WR for their unwavering support and significant contributions, specifically in advancing our shared objectives and initiatives,” said Serop Beylerian, AEF Board President.

This collaborative effort between AEF and ANCA-WR exemplifies the power of community solidarity in addressing the urgent needs arising from the displacement crisis. Together, we are making a meaningful impact on the lives of displaced students, providing hope and opportunities for a brighter future.

“As we reflect on our commitment to support the Armenian community and secure the future of the Armenian Nation, the ANCA Western Region commends the Armenian Educational Foundation for their exceptional work both in the diaspora and the homeland,” stated Nora Hovsepian, Esq., Chair of ANCA-WR.

“Their dedication to education and development in Armenian communities has been consistently demonstrated over their 74 years of service, now more crucial than ever as thousands of students from Artsakh, who, after being forced to leave their universities and find safety in Armenia, now face the unique challenge of completely re-envisioning their educational pathways. With the gravity of their plight in mind, we decided to donate a portion of our 2023 Gala proceeds to the AEF, joining hands with them in our shared endeavor to guarantee a brighter future for Armenian youth,” added Hovsepian.

The Armenian Educational Foundation is a non-profit organization established in 1950. Our goal is to provide financial assistance to Armenian educational institutions and support students of Armenian descent. Currently, AEF is offering over 1500 scholarships in Armenia and the Diaspora. Moreover, we have successfully renovated more than 200 village schools in Armenia, contributing to the improvement of the Armenian educational infrastructure. Our programs also encompass various initiatives catering to Diaspora students.

U.S. hopes Armenia and Azerbaijan will sign peace treaty recognizing each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity

 11:20,

YEREVAN, JANUARY 19, ARMENPRESS. The United States hopes Armenia and Azerbaijan will sign a durable peace treaty that recognizes each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller has said.

“We welcome the work towards peace between Armenia and Azerbaijan,” Miller said at a press briefing. “We support the sovereignty and territorial integrity of both countries. We hope they will sign a durable peace treaty that recognizes such sovereignty and territorial integrity, the sooner the better. The parties have made significant progress over the past year, and we encourage them to maintain momentum building on past negotiations and conclude an agreement.”

Miller declined to give details about U.S. Senior Advisor for Caucasus Negotiations Louis Bono’s meetings in Armenia last week.

PROSPECTS FOR AN ARMENIAN-AZERBAIJANI PEACE AGREEMENT AND TURKEY’S PARTICIPATION

Jan 19 2024

A rapprochement between Yerevan and Baku could go through Ankara, which is actively engaged in stabilizing the Caucasus and in reducing the Russian influence. Nevertheless, long-standing rivalries and inter-ethnic conflicts could prevent the agreement from being reached

The Azerbaijani offensive launched in September 2023 against the self-declared independent Republic of Artsakh brought the region completely under Baku’s control, causing almost the totality of the Armenian ethnicity population to flee, and all Artsakh institutions to be officially dismantled from January 1, 2024. Despite the long standing rivalry, however, the two countries could be at a potential, even if not easy to realize, turning point in their relations that would be crucial for the political stability of the area. Although tensions remain between the parts, the two Presidents – Aliyev and Pashinyan – have recently stated about the importance of building good relations and reaching a peace agreement. In this context, Turkiye, Azerbaijan’s closest ally, plays a key role.

Historical background

Baku and Ankara share historical, cultural and linguistic ties. When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Turkiye took the chance for a rapprochement with Azerbaijan, by strengthening diplomatic and military relations. Over the years, the two countries signed four agreements on military cooperation. Ankara helped Baku modernize its security apparatus and actively supported Azerbaijan in aligning with NATO’s standard by providing both military equipment and training for Azerbaijani officers. In particular, the Turkish-made “Bayraktar-2” drones enabled the Azerbaijani army to inflict heavy losses on its Armenian adversary without directly endangering its men.

On the contrary, Turkiye broke off diplomatic relations with Armenia and closed the border with Yerevan in 1993 in response to the First Nagorno-Karabakh war. Although Turkiye was the first country to recognize Armenia’s independence from the USSR, they nevertheless failed to establish relations due to two major issues; First, Turkiye’s refusal to recognize the Armenian massacre of 1915-1919 by Ottoman forces as genocide based on the 1948 UN Convention on Genocide, and second the Nagorno-Karabakh dispute, for which Ankara has always declared unconditional support for Azerbaijan’s territorial integrity.

In recent years, however, the two countries have made several attempts to normalize their relations. In 2008-2009, they signed normalization protocols in Geneva, mediated by Switzerland, which never got to a ratification and were officially canceled by Armenia in 2018. Despite the unsuccessful outcome, Ankara and Yerevan showed that rapprochement is not impossible. In 2021, following Armenian defeat in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh war, the two parts resumed diplomacy. On the 12th of March, Turkish and Armenian foreign ministers met in Antalya, talking about what they called “normalization without preconditions”.

Common interests in the region

Even though territorial disputes remain between Baku and Yerevan over some villages in southern Armenia, and over Azerbaijan’s demand for special status for the Zangezur Corridor, both countries would benefit from mutual cooperation. Azerbaijan would gain direct access to its exclave of Nakhchivan, thus reconnecting with the Nagorno Karabakh region. This would enable Baku to cut off Iran from the route, with which tensions have recently arisen. On the other hand,  Armenia would benefit from having a trading partner like Azerbaijan, which would allow the country to expand its trade routes. Considering the difficult economic situation Yerevan is going through, opening the border with its neighbors would allow Armenia to act as a strategic partner for both Baku and Ankara.

From a Turkiye’s perspective, the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh dispute between the two countries made it possible for Erdogan’s foreign policy to establish diplomatic relations with Yerevan. Normalization would bring Ankara several advantages; Firstly, it would limit Russia’s already eroded influence in the region, bringing Armenia even closer to NATO and the European Union. Shortly after the Azerbaijani attack in September 2023, French President Emmanuel Macron declared his willingness to supply Yerevan with military equipment in the event of a possible new war, and in December Brussels granted Georgia the status of “candidate country”. These two events clearly show the growing European interest in the region. Secondly, it would represent an outstanding victory for Erdogan’s foreign policy, ending a long-standing dispute and promoting Ankara’s international status as a mediator, which would even boost its EU candidacy.

Nevertheless, a greater role in the path to normalization could be played by the hatred between the populations. Opening the borders would mean that the Armenian citizens come into contact with Azerbaijanis after years of war and ethnic cleansing, eventually resulting in a dangerous situation both for the citizens themselves and for any restored diplomatic relations.

The Turkish rapprochement could also go the same way, as most of the Armenian population still demands for international recognition of the genocide. Although the agreements could formally end the dispute, they could in turn lead to an internal conflict within the Pashinyan government, which is already struggling because of the refusal to mobilize the army to defend the Republic of Artsakh and for the further refusal to grant Armenian citizenship to the refugees.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it can be said that the greatest problems for possible cooperation between the three states in the Caucasus lie in the long-standing hatred between the peoples. Even if the presidents reach an agreement on opening the respective borders and trade routes, the people will not forgive the other side so quickly. Good diplomatic relations take years, especially when it comes to inter-ethnic clashes that have resulted in massive killings.