BAKU: European bank funds companies operating in Karabakh

Azeri paper says European bank funds companies operating in Karabakh
Ekho, Baku
10 Aug 04
The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development is still
financing companies engaged in the development of gold and copper
mines in Nagornyy Karabakh, Azerbaijani newspaper Ekho has said. In
2003 the bank issued an official denial that it was involved in
funding economic projects on separatist territory, saying that it
ensured that its funds were spent only on projects in Armenia. The
following is an excerpt from N. Quliyeva and N. Aliyev’s report in
Azerbaijani newspaper Ekho on 10 August headlined ” European Bank
gives economic support to separatists” and subheaded “Armenian
companies use EBRD money to drain natural resources from Nagornyy
Karabakh”; subheadings have been inserted editorially:
The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development continues
financing companies engaged in the development of copper fields in
Nagornyy Karabakh. The EBRD is the main creditor of the Vallex group
of companies, which has operated in Armenia for seven-and-a-half years
and invested 20m dollars in the economy. Members of the group – the
open-type joint-stock company Base Metals, Vallex Mining and the
closed-type joint-stock company Mining and Metallurgy Institute – are
engaged in the development of copper and gold deposits in Armenia and
Nagornyy Karabakh.
Thus, the first company is developing the Drmbon copper-gold mine in
Karabakh, the second is carrying out geological exploration on the
gold-pyrite-ore mine in Tandzut, while the third is engaged in
scientific research, projecting and geological exploration
work. Judging by Armenian press reports, the company’s operations were
boosted after it got an EBRD loan and the bank “expects the company to
embark on new projects”.
The president of Vallex, Valeriy Medzhlumyan, is still describing the
business environment and the legal framework for such extensive
investment activities in Armenia as unfavourable.
“Namely, the legal framework is well ahead of the views and the
perceptions of those it is actually supposed to serve. Suffice it to
mention that the state does not refund excess VAT payments to
exporters,” he said.
Meanwhile, Vallex has managed to win licences for the development of a
number of mines to date. Among these are the already mentioned Drmbon
(Karabakh) and Tandzut mines, as well as Tekhut, Kashen (Karabakh),
Aykadzor and the temporarily frozen Alaverdi mines.
As for the Kashen mine located in the village the Armenians call
Tsakhkashen in Karabakh, Vallex is at the project stage. However, if
the economic viability of the project is confirmed, the company
intends to construct an enterprise there within one-and-a-half years,
build roads, set up living quarters, run electricity lines, establish
waste storage, etc. In other words, it hopes to do what, according to
the Armenian mass media, has already been done in Drmbon. It is the
very village where the Azerbaijani mine Qizil Bulaq is located.
Exploration by Azerbaijani geologists
As Ekho already reported, back in the Soviet times Azerbaijani
geologists did a lot of work to explore the mine. They prepared the
feasibility study to develop it, proved its reserves to a state
commission in Moscow and were preparing to build a mining enterprise
there. At the same time, the scientists were aware that the project
would not be profitable, but were trying to secure its implementation
in order to ensure employment of the local population which was
predominantly Armenian.
Incidentally, the Armenian mass media, which tend to react negatively
to Ekho publications, did not leave those publications unanswered. For
them, Qizil Bulaq is not an Azerbaijani but a Turkic name of the
mine. They acknowledge the fact that in the 1980s Azerbaijan started
geological exploration work on the mine which was completed in 1990.
At the same time, Armenian newspaper Golos Armenii said: “It was
supposed that it would only be worth commissioning the copper and gold
deposits once the Armenian population had been banished during the
war. It was precisely for this reason that the documentation on the
gold reserves at Qizil Bulaq (13.5 t) was presented to the USSR state
commission for mineral reserves and protected in 1991, which was a
most difficult year for the people of Nagornyy Karabakh. Here one
should remember that the authorities of Soviet Azerbaijan, who had no
doubts about the swift deportation of the Armenians, insisted on a
return for the use of the mine and the foundation there of a dressing
combine in disregard of the position of the state commission which
claimed that there was already a similar factory in the region in
Ararat, and there was no need for another one.”
Passage omitted: details of how the commission eventually arrived at
the decision
EBRD’s 3m-dollar loan
The Armenian press says that the situation was rectified by Base
Metals which received a loan from the EBRD. The money helped the
company implement the project and this, in turn, gave the opportunity
to improve the economic situation in the village. It is reported that
630 people currently live in the village, half of whom are mining
specialists invited from Armenia.
“The economic development of Drmbon, of course, annoys Azerbaijan. In
particular, the head of the National geological surveying service of
the Azerbaijani Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, Saxbaddin
Musayev, has said more than once that Armenians should be grateful to
Azerbaijan for carrying out the geological survey work in the Soviet
period and the idea of creating the plant’. At the same time, of
course, he forgets to name the true reasons for Baku’s jealousy
regarding the start of the project at the beginning of the 1990s. He
also draws attention to the scandalous ecological situation in the
region, which is the consequence of using cheap technology’. A
different view is held by specialists, including specialists from
abroad visiting the mine, who are not afraid of telling Baku that the
technology of the Drmbon mine meets all modern criteria,” this is also
a quote from the Armenian press posted on Golos Armenii newspaper’s
web site on 27 July .
Therefore, the EBRD-funded project economically supports
separatists. Ekho warned about this in early 2003, when information
that the bank was involved in this kind of activity and had signed a
loan covenant with the Armenian Copper Programme (ACP) to the tune of
3m dollars for two years had just emerged.
Then the EBRD issued a statement denying any involvement in financing
any operations in Nagornyy Karabakh.
“The bank has issued a 3m-dollar loan to the closed-type joint-stock
company Armenian Copper Programme which was founded and is functioning
in Armenia. It is owned by an entrepreneur from Yerevan, Valeriy
Medzhlumyan, who has different commercial interests in Armenia and
Russia. He is also the owner of another company based on the territory
of Nagornyy Karabakh with which the EBRD has no business. In addition,
the EBRD is making sure that the loan allocated under this project is
not used to finance any operations on the territory of Nagornyy
Karabakh,” the bank’s statement said.
Passage omitted: minor details
EBRD knows where its money goes
“It is known that the EBRD thoroughly examines all projects before
allocating loans and, of course, it knows for sure what the money will
be spent on,” economist Qubad Ibadoglu has told Ekho. According to
him, it is ruled out that the bank may be unaware that the loan is
used in Karabakh.
At the same time, the EBRD is important for the Azerbaijani economy as
well.
“We should not forget that the bank has financed a number of
strategically important projects in Azerbaijan: the supply of Baku
with drinking water, construction and reconstruction of power
stations, restoration of the Baku seaport, railways. Finally, the EBRD
is one of the main creditors for the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan project,” the
economist said.
Passage omitted: minor details of other EBRD projects in Azerbaijan
“However, all these do not mean that Azerbaijan is dependent on this
institution in any way. On the contrary, cooperation within these
projects allows us to influence the bank as well, especially since our
cooperation programme is designed to last till 2015-20,” Ibadoglu
said. He said that it is necessary to stop the bank from issuing loans
to projects in Nagornyy Karabakh.
MP Mikhail Zabelin has told Ekho that he is outraged by reports of
cooperation between international bodies, including the EBRD, and
separatists.
“We sometimes seem strangely helpless. It is not the first time this
kind of information has reached us. I think that both the Foreign
Ministry and the Milli Maclis parliament have to be more active and
raise these issues with international organizations,” Zabelin said.

Soccer: Kanatlarovski picks World Cup party

UEFA.com
August 9, 2004
Kanatlarovski picks World Cup party
F.Y.R. Macedonia national team coach Dragan Kanatlarovski has
announced an 18-man party for his side’s opening 2006 FIFA World Cup
qualifying game against Armenia.
Third meeting
The Group 1 fixture marks the third time that Kanatlarovski’s side
have met the Armenians in qualification matches, having drawn 2-2
away in Yerevan before losing 2-1 at home in qualification for EURO
’96’.
Tough section
UEFA EURO 2004′ semi-finalists the Netherlands and the Czech Republic
are the favourites to qualify from the section, which also includes
Romania, Finland and Andorra.
F.Y.R. Macedonia squad
Milosevski, Nikoloski, I Mitreski, Sedloski, Stavrevski, Bozinovski,
Kumbev, Vasovski, Popov, A Mitreski, Krstev, Sumulikoski, Sakiri,
Jancevski, Trajanov, Toleski, Pandev, Dimitrovski.
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Developpement Elections municipales au Nagorny Karabakh

Schweizerische Depeschenagentur AG (SDA)
SDA – Service de base francais
8 août 2004
Développement Elections municipales au Nagorny Karabakh
Erevan (ats/afp) Les habitants de la république auto-proclamée du
Nagorny Karabakh ont voté dimanche pour les élections municipales
pour la troisième fois depuis 1991. Ce scrutin a suscité des
critiques du Conseil de l’Europe et de l’Azerbaïdjan qui revendique
son autorité sur l’enclave.
“Les élections se sont déroulées dans le calme sur tout le territoire
du Nagorny Karabakh, et la situation est également restée calme aux
frontières avec l’Azerbaïdjan”, a déclaré l’un des responsables de la
Commission électorale, le “vice-ministre” des Affaires étrangères
Massis Maïlian.
Enclave à population majoritairement arménienne en Azerbaïdjan, le
Nagorny Karabakh a été le thétre d’un conflit sanglant au début des
années 90 au moment de la désintégration de l’Union soviétique. Il
reste depuis un cessez-le-feu en 1994 sous le contrôle des Arméniens,
qui l’avaient emporté sur le terrain.
Les quelque 87 000 électeurs avaient à leur disposition 260 bureaux
de vote dans les huit régions du Nagorny Karabakh. Ils devaient
désigner le maire de la “capitale” Stepanakert et les autres
responsables des pouvoirs locaux. La participation devrait dépasser
60% des inscrits, selon des données préliminaires.
Le scrutin a été critiqué par le ministère azerbaïdjanais des
Affaires étrangères et par le Conseil de l’Europe. Répondant à ce
dernier, le “ministère des Affaires étrangères” du Nagorny Karabakh a
déclaré que “la tenue d’élections pour former les organes du pouvoir
à tous les niveaux constitue un pas très important vers la création
de la société civile”.
“Le développement et le renforcement des processus démocratiques au
Nagorny Karabakh et dans tous les pays voisins permettront à coup sûr
d’instaurer une paix durable et la stabilité dans la région”, ajoute
la déclaration du “ministère”.

BAKU: NATO field exercises due in Baku in September

Azer Tag, Azerbaijan State Info Agency
Aug 5 2004
NATO FIELD EXERCISES DUE IN BAKU IN SEPTEMBER
[August 05, 2004, 11:55:59]
On August 4, Minister of Defense of the Azerbaijan Republic,
colonel-general Safar Abiyev has met the assistant to the commander
of the Northeast Alliance staff of the NATO general – major Henry
Hans Mammon.
As was informed to AzerTAj from the press-service of the Ministry of
Defense, having welcomed the visitor, the minister has told:
`Azerbaijan closely cooperates with the NATO within the framework of
the Program `Partnership For Peace’. During visit to Brussels in May
of this year the President of the Azerbaijan Republic Ilham Aliyev
has presented the Secretary General of the NATO the `Operating plan
of Individual Partnership’. In September, the field exercises
“Cooperative Society Best Effort-04” will be carried out in Baku.
Similar actions even more pull together Azerbaijan with the NATO.
Having thanked colonel-general S. Abiyev for reception, general –
major G.G. Mammon informed, that he has arrived in Baku in connection
with the `Seminar of military terminology for staff officers’. Then,
he has informed Minister of Defense of Azerbaijan on the measures
which have been carried out by the NATO in various regions of Europe.
Colonel-general S. Abiyev has exchanged with the visitor opinions on
present military-political situation in the region of Southern
Caucasus, the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict, its consequences,
participation of our country in large economic projects, about
development of our Armed Forces, participation of peace-making
divisions in hot points, system of military education, bases of
conscription, etc.
In conclusion, colonel-general S. Abiyev has thanked general – major
G.G. Mammon for the seminar carried out in Baku within the framework
of the PfP Program of the NATO and has wished him successes in
military service.

Padre Announcer Vasgersian to Lead Olympics Baseball Softball Covrg.

The San Diego Tribune, August 3, 2004
Don’t adjust your set. Padres telecasts will have a different sound for
the next four weeks.

Matt Vasgersian, the team’s play-by-play voice on Channel 4 San Diego
for the last 2½ seasons, won’t call his next game until Aug. 31 in St.
Louis. But he has a good excuse.
He’s leaving tomorrow for Athens, where he will work the Summer Olympics
for NBC as the lead announcer on baseball and softball.
And, while he’s been eagerly awaiting the experience for several months,
Vasgersian leaves with a slight sense of regret, thanks to the success
the Padres have enjoyed this season.
“I kind of wish the Olympics had been in the summer of ’02 or the summer
of ’03,” Vasgersian said. “We all would have looked forward to missing
out on a month of that. But this year has been so much fun . . . For the
first time since I’ve been here, we’re thinking about right now instead
of, ‘This is going to be an OK player down the line.’ ”
Still, it’s not as if he thought about calling NBC and asking out of the
Olympics. He’s expecting an unforgettable experience and plans to keep
up with the games he’s going to miss via the Internet.
“It’s a great opportunity for Matt, and I wanted to be supportive of
him,” said Dan Novak, Channel 4 vice president of programming and
executive producer. “I’m confident we’ll still put a great telecast on
the air. I think it’s a good chance for Mark (Grant) to really refine
his skills as well.”
With Vasgersian gone for 22 telecasts starting with tonight’s home game
against Philadelphia, Grant will shift into the play-by-play role, one
he has filled occasionally the last few years. Rick Sutcliffe will be
the analyst for the next three weeks before former Padres player and
coach Tim Flannery takes over the week of Aug. 23.
“As much as I love to talk, I’m not going to talk too much,” Grant said.
“I’m looking forward to working with Sut and Flan; it will be a couple
of ballplayers just talking about the game. It’s going to be fun.
“Play-by-play is a totally different monster. I’ve learned some stuff
from Matt, but I’m not going to be Matt and I’m not going to be Vin
Scully or Jon Miller. I’ll try to be myself. I’m sure I’ll make a few
mistakes, maybe more. But having a long stretch like this hopefully will
enable me to get into a groove.”
Vasgersian has worked previously for NBC, most notably during the 2001
disaster known as the XFL. But he made a good impression, according to
David Neal, executive vice president, NBC Olympics.
“Through everything that he did with us with the XFL and other things,
he’s never been anything but an absolute pro,” Neal said. “He’s always
been loyal to us, and we try to keep people within the family.”
Vasgersian also has written one column for and said
he might file more from Athens, time permitting. He’s also expected to
do some satellite reports for the Padres’ pregame show on Channel 4.

www.NBCOlympics.com

ARKA News Agency – 08/02/2004

ARKA News Agency
Aug 2 2004
Republic of Komi ready to cooperate with Armenian companies
RA Minister of Defense receives the head of Republic of Komi
Exchange rate of AMD to USD increased in value by 0.25% in the period
of July 23-29
RA Minister of Defense receives German Ambassador to Armenia
The French Bernard Kazone to be new head coach of Armenian National
football team
*********************************************************************
REPUBLIC OF KOMI READY TO COOPERATE WITH ARMENIAN COMPANIES
YEREVAN, August 2. /ARKA/. Republic of Komi is ready to cooperate
with Armenian companies, RA NA told ARKA with reference to the Head
of Republic of Komi Vladimir Torlopov at his meeting with RA NA Vice
Speaker Tigran Torosian. In accordance to that Torlopov noted
presence of rich oil, gas, coal and other natural resources’ storages
in Komi. Torosian in his turn paid attention to development of
interregional relations and noted that for Armenia development of
trade-economic relations with Komi is very perspective. He expressed
hope that the parties will achieve certain agreements in the frames
of the visit. At this the parties noted the necessity of restoration
of railway communication, which will become a stimulus for
development of economy of South Caucasus republics. L.D. –0–
*********************************************************************
RA MINISTER OF DEFENSE RECEIVES THE HEAD OF REPUBLIC OF KOMI
YEREVAN, August 2. /ARKA/. RA Minister of Defense and Co-Chairman of
Armenian-Russian Interstate Commission on Cooperation Serge Sargsian
received the Head of Republic of Komi Vladimir Torlopov, RA Ministry
of Defense told ARKA. During the meeting the parties discussed issues
of mutual interest. Representing wide field of Armenian-Russian
strategic cooperation, Sargsian paid attention to cooperation of
Armenia with separate subjects of Russian Federation. Torlopov in his
turn noted that Armenia and Komi have big potential for cooperation
that must be fruitfully used. L.D. –0–
*********************************************************************
EXCHANGE RATE OF AMD TO USD INCREASED IN VALUE BY 0.25% IN THE PERIOD
OF JULY 23-29
YEREVAN, August 2. /ARKA/. In the period July 23-29, exchange rate of
AMD to USD increased in value by 0.25%, that is from 521,87 AMD to
520,57 AMD, according to the press-release, provided to ARKA by CBA
press office.
The volume of foreign exchange sale/purchase made $46,633 million, at
the average rate of 523,61 AMD for one US dollar last week. L.D. –0 –
*********************************************************************
RA MINISTER OF DEFENSE RECEIVES GERMAN AMBASSADOR TO ARMENIA
YEREVAN, August 2. /ARKA/. RA Minister of Defense received German
Ambassador to Armenia Hans Wolf Bartels on the occasion of completion
of his diplomatic mission, RA Ministry of Defense told ARKA. Sargsian
thanked the Ambassador for fruitful activity and highly estimated his
contribution in development and strengthening of Armenian-German
multilateral relations.
The parties also discussed the expansion of bilateral military
cooperation. L.D. –0–
*********************************************************************
THE FRENCH BERNARD KAZONE TO BE NEW HEAD COACH OF ARMENIAN NATIONAL
FOOTBALL TEAM
YEREVAN, August 2. /ARKA/. The French Bernard Kazone will become new
head coach of Armenian National football team, Press Secretary of RA
Football Federation Araik Manukian stated today. It is planned that
42-year old specialist will sign one-year contract and first game of
the team will be played on August 18 against Macedonia.
Earlier Kazone trained French Olympic and Kan. L.D. –0–

Three Davidashen Dept of Realty Employees Arrested Taking Bribes

THREE EMPLOYEES OF DAVIDASHEN DEPARTMENT OF REALTY CADASTRE ARRESTED
WHILE TAKING BRIBE
YEREVAN, August 2 (Noyan Tapan). A dweller of the village of Armavir
of the Armavir region came to the RA Police Department on Struggle
against Organized Crime on July 29 and reported that Hrant Hakobian,
Head of the Registration Division of the Davidashen District
Department of Realty Cadastre, and Gagik Sharoyan, Head of the
subdivision, demanded 400 dollars from him for the registration and
giving of the certificate on property of two lands in the first and
second blocks of Davidashen bought by him through an auction.
H. Hakobian and G. Sharoyan, as well as Norair Hambartsumian,
specialist of the first category of the same division, were arrested
at the moment of taking the bribe owing to the joint efficient actions
of the Department of Struggle against Organized Crime and the Yerevan
Police Department. According to the Information and Public Relations
Department of the Police, the sum of the bribe was confiscated and the
materials on the fact were brought to the Yerevan Municipal
Prosecutor’s Office.

Special Troops Sent to Armenian-Populated Village in Georgia

SPECIAL TROOPS SENT TO ARMENIAN-POPULATED VILLAGE IN GEORGIA
30.07.2004 13:28
/PanARMENIAN.Net/ The other day special troops were sent to
Tapatskhuri village of Borjomi region of Georgia. The Ministry of
Internal Affairs of Georgia explains the step by the intention of the
residents of the mostly Armenian-populated village to impede the
construction works of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline. As
reported by A-Info news agency, the villagers are displeased that they
have not been paid the compensation, assigned by the Borjomi regional
court due to the building of the pipeline. According to the source, no
incidents were registered between the military and the residents.
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress

Fifty Years of Riffs

Moscow Times, Russia
July 30, 2004
Fifty Years of Riffs
British and Russian bands honor a legendary guitar at a free festival
By Sergey Chernov
The Fender Stratocaster — the guitar of choice for all
self-respecting rock stars — celebrates its half-century this year.
And to mark the anniversary, over 20 bands from Britain and St.
Petersburg will take the stage in the Miller Fender Fest, a large
open-air event on Saturday.
The free event on Bolotnaya Ploshchad is one of an international
series of concerts held to mark the guitar’s 50th birthday, and will
showcase four British bands — King Adora, Mystery Juice, Gold Blade,
and Kaiser Chiefs — as well as top Russian acts on a total of five
stages.
The legendary electric guitar was designed by American inventor Leo
Fender in 1954. He was later quoted as saying that it was his attempt
to “design the best instrument in the world, once and for all.” Since
then it has been played by musicians including Eric Clapton, Buddy
Holly, Hank Marvin and Bob Dylan.

For John Robb, singer and guitarist of Manchester punk band Gold
Blade, who will perform on the main stage, the instrument is
associated with one star. “I think of Jimi Hendrix and it makes me
feel really good,” he wrote in an e-mail last week. “He was the
genius who made the Fender Strat great.” Robb chooses a Telecaster
himself, but the band uses Strats on some of their songs.
Meanwhile, another participant, Sergei Voronov of Moscow-based
blues-rock band Crossroadz, strums a guitar once owned by Keith
Richards of the Rolling Stones. While on tour in New York in 1988, a
session drummer introduced Voronov to Richards, according to
Crossroadz’s official biography. The rhythm guitarist invited him to
join him in the studio, and then gave him the 1959 instrument.
While celebrating the famous instrument, the festival does not lay
down a hard-and-fast rule about playing only Fender Stratocasters,
and the music will not focus on the classic rock that is primarily
associated with the Strat, instead ranging from ska to psychobilly
and electronic.
The British participants bring their own highly distinctive sounds.
Mystery Juice, from Edinburgh, plays a psychedelic mixture of blues,
hip-hop and Gaelic fiddle, while Birmingham’s King Adora performs
updated glam rock, complete with the dramatic makeup. The indie-rock
band Kaiser Chiefs, from Leeds, has drawn comparisons with Britain’s
recent music sensation Franz Ferdinand.
The Russian bands, most of whom hail from St. Petersburg, are even
more diverse in style. Markscheider Kunst performs Afro-Cuban style
with Russian lyrics, while Billy’s Band took its original inspiration
from Tom Waits, but has adapted his cabaret rock for domestic
consumption. Deadushki combines electronica and punk, and
Moscow-based Deti Picasso blends rock with Armenian folk.
“The main idea was to represent different acts that use a guitar one
way or another,” the festival’s co-promoter Dmitry Sidorov said last
week. “That may be music of different styles, including those using
electronic and ethnic elements.”
The Miller Fender Fest starts on Saturday at 1 p.m. on Bolotnaya
Ploshchad. Metro Tretyakovskaya. Info at

www.millertime.ru

Gardner is ready for another gold – minus one toe

Deutsche Presse-Agentur
July 28, 2004, Wednesday
PREVIEW: Gardner is ready for another gold – minus one toe
Athens
Rulon Gardner, who scored one of the biggest upsets in Olympic
history by beating Russian wrestling icon Alexander Karelin for
super-heavyweight gold at Sydney 2000, will be back in Athens – minus
one toe. Gardner suffered serious frostbite when left stranded in
freezing temperatures for 17 hours in a snowmobile during a blizzard
in 2002. Doctors feared that he would lose all his toes but managed
to save nine of them. The 2001 world champion Gardner returned to the
greco-roman version of his sport and managed to qualify for the
American Olympic team earlier this year despite further injury
setbacks such as a dislocated wrist and shoulder problems. “It is a
miracle that I am here again. I thank the Lord for allowing me
another chance to follow my dream. I am proud to represent my country
and all it stands for,” he said. Gardner gained worldwide fame four
years ago with a 1-0 victory over Karelin, who had won gold at the
previous three Games and had not lost a fight in 13 years since 1987.
In other events, Armen Nazaryan of Bulgaria looks to become the fifth
three-time gold medallist in the sport’s Olympic history after
claiming the 1996 (for Armenia) and 2000 titles in the greco-roman
60kg division. Russia hope for freestyle gold from 2000 champion
David Musulbes (130kg) and the 1996 winner and five-time world
champion Buvaisa Saitiyev (74kg). The Athens field also features Ali
Salman, one of a few Iraqi athletes. Other strong teams are Turkey
and Iran, and the women make their wrestling debut in Athens a mere
2780 years after the sport first appeared in Olympic competition at
the ancient Games in Olympia. Recognized as the world’s oldest
competition sport, with records of bouts dating back as far as 3000
BC, wrestling was a highlight of the ancient Olympic Games which
started in 776 BC. While valued then as a form of military exercise
without weapons, it remained a main event when the modern Games began
in 1896. Greco-Roman wrestling was resurrected from ancient Greek and
Roman styles, with opponents only allowed to use their arms and upper
bodies to attack and grapple. Freestyle wrestling was added to the
Games in 1904, allowing wrestlers to use their legs for pushing,
lifting and tripping, and holding opponents above and below the
waist. The 18 events will take place at the Ano Liossia Olympic Hall
from August 22 to August 29. dpa jb gb ct