New York Times, NY
Jan 6 2006
At Armenian Churches, a Distinct Observance Today
By PETER STEINFELS
Published: January 6, 2007
Today the Armenian Church, one of the most ancient branches of
Christianity, celebrates the birth of Jesus. One wonders, admittedly
a bit fancifully, if there is a lesson in the Armenian practice for
the many Christians who desperately wish that the religious meaning
of Jesus’ birth could be rescued from angry culture wars and
commercial frenzy.
For the Armenian Church, today’s holy day is the Feast of the
Theophany. Other Christians will also be celebrating Theophany as a
major religious feast today or, in some of the Western churches,
where the day is commonly known as Epiphany, tomorrow. But over the
centuries the focus of the day has come to differ within the
different strands of Christianity.
What is common to all of them in its celebration is captured in the
derivation of the feast’s name from Greek, combining `theos,’ or
`god,’ with `phainein,’ meaning `to show forth.’ Thus `Theophany’
means `divine manifestation.’ (`Epiphany’ is simply `manifestation.’)
In the East, the Orthodox churches, which do not include the
Armenian, place their focus on the manifestation of Jesus as God’s
son when, as related in three of the four Gospels, he was baptized by
John the Baptist in the Jordan River. In the West, the focus has come
to be the manifestation of Jesus to the Gentiles symbolized by the
visit of the gift-bearing Magi.
In the early centuries of Christianity, the many manifestations of
Jesus – from the Annunciation to Mary right through his first
miracle, at the wedding feast in Cana, and of course including his
birth – were celebrated together, at least in some parts of the East,
and especially on Jan. 6. In the absence of any scriptural basis for
precisely dating these events, that day emerged for symbolic reasons,
probably related to the Egyptian calendar that placed the winter
solstice at this time.
In the fourth century, however, the birth of Jesus was increasingly
celebrated separately on Dec. 25, first in Rome and later in the
East. Again, most scholars attribute this to a Christian effort
either to appropriate or to supplant the religious themes of the
imperial Roman cult of the sun, which was in turn related to the
dating of the solstice by the Roman, or Julian, calendar.
Only the Armenians, who were not part of the Roman Empire and
therefore not faced with a competing imperial cult, never accepted
Dec. 25 or in fact any separate date for celebrating Jesus’ birth.
Instead, the Armenian Church maintained in the one Feast of Theophany
the linkage of Jesus’ birth, which will be emphasized in today’s
services, and his baptism, to be emphasized tomorrow, when a cross
will be immersed in water. Indeed, the liturgy retains echoes of the
whole series of `theophanies,’ or divine manifestations.
(Warning: The story of dates for celebrating Jesus’ birth is further
confused by the fact that some parts of Eastern Orthodox Christianity
still follow the Julian calendar in their church life rather than the
16th-century reformed Gregorian calendar. By the Julian calendar,
Dec. 25 falls on the modern calendar’s Jan. 7 and its eve on Jan. 6,
while Theophany comes 12 days later, on the modern Jan. 19. In any
event, these Orthodox churches celebrate the two feasts, marking
birth and baptism, on separate days.)
Do Armenian Christians in the United States celebrate the Dec. 25
holiday with gifts, Christmas trees and all the rest? Yes, they do,
especially those here for generations, said the Very Rev. Vahan
Hovhanessian, pastor of Holy Martyrs Armenian Church in Bayside,
Queens, although there is also a custom, carried over from the Middle
East, of exchanging gifts on New Year’s Eve.
But Armenians maintain a clear mental distinction between the
American culture’s Christmas, Father Vahan said, and the Armenian
Church’s religious celebration of Christ’s birth on Theophany.
Armenians churches will be packed today, he said; people will be
lined up on the sidewalk outside Holy Martyrs.
Other Christian leaders may observe this distinction with a degree of
envy. Many say that they feel trapped and wearied not only by the
commercialization of Christmas but also by the culture warriors who
are eager to embrace that commercialization in a strangely conceived
campaign to keep the culture Christian or, as Stephen Colbert might
say, `Christianish.’
`Instead of putting the Christ back in Christmas, maybe we should
just take him out,’ the Rev. James Martin, a Jesuit priest and
author, wrote in The Philadelphia Inquirer before Christmas. `In the
battle between the Christians and the marketers,’ he wrote, `the
marketers have won – decisively.’
Father Martin’s `modest proposal’ was to `give Christmas to the
corporations’ and find a new date for a `New Christmas’ – `a nice,
quiet, shopping-free, religiously grounded holiday.’ His suggestion?
`Around, say, June,’ when Flag Day would be its only serious
competition.
But maybe the Armenian celebration of Theophany is more promising.
Tied as the feast is to the whole panoply of what Christians hold as
divine manifestations, it might prove easier to keep the `theos’ in
Theophany than to keep Christ in Christmas.
Not that anyone should ever underestimate the power of the marketers.
How long would it be, after all, before advertisements began
appearing on Jan. 7: `Only 364 shopping days till Theophany’?