BAKU: Turkey, Armenia Discuss Karabakh – Russian Foreign Ministry

TURKEY, ARMENIA DISCUSS KARABAKH – RUSSIAN FOREIGN MINISTRY

news.az
Nov 18 2009
Azerbaijan

Andrey Nesterenko Moscow thinks that the Karabakh conflict has come up
in talks between Ankara and Yerevan on normalizing bilateral relations,
Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman Andrey Nesterenko said on Tuesday.

He was asked at a regular Foreign Ministry press briefing to comment on
Armenian-Turkish rapprochement and to what extent it was linked to the
settlement of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh.

"The normalization of relations between Armenia and Turkey has its
autonomous significance in the sense that this is the normalization
of relations between two countries that have experienced difficult
times in their relations," Nesterenko said.

"As far as we know, questions about Nagorno-Karabakh have also been
raised during the talks process on the Yerevan-Ankara axis. It looks
as though the process is also taking into account this package of
issues. We shall hope that this will all be resolved in accordance
with existing decisions and through international organizations and
will meet the hopes of all the countries of the region."

ArmenTel Implements ADSL 2+ Standard

ARMENTEL IMPLEMENTS ADSL 2+ STANDARD

PanARMENIAN.Net
17.11.2009 16:58 GMT+04:00

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ ArmenTel CJSC (Beeline trademark) implemented a new
ADSL 2+ standard within new "Hi-Line Unlimited" campaign, ArmenTel
Director General Igor Klimko told a news conference in Yerevan. "The
new standard will allow for data transfer speed of up to 24Mbps,
promoting further expansion of services offered," he stated.

ArmenTel Director General briefed the journalists on half-year
preparatory works and major investments contributed, adding that the
new action will allow further customer demand stimulation.

ArmenTel CJSC (Beeline trademark) is subsidiary of VimpelCom Group,
mobile network operator providing voice and data services through a
range of wireless, fixed and broadband technologies.

EuroVision Song Contest: Dejan Kukric Reviews Armenia

DEJAN KUKRIC (BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA) REVIEWS ARMENIA

Oikotimes.com
/index.php?file=articles&id=6842
Nov 17 2009

After Russia, Armenia went on stage next, with Luara Hayrapetyan and
the song "Barcelona". A very nice start and a strong choreography
for the Armenian song, with dark colours for the background and a
strong voice coming off of Luara’s microphone. Black clothes with
white stripes and white shoes for the main singer and the accompanying
dancers. The song itself is not of anything special, despite the strong
rhythm of it and the similarly dynamic dance routine. The singer’s
voice had some tuning problems at some moments. So, the final show is
"losing" some of it’s interest. It might go well because of the strong
children voices on stage and the dynamic presentation. I don’t think
the balls will "offer" some points, but it’s a nice moment in the
song presentation. No pyros on this one too, at the moment…

The song might fail to reach a top-five place though, because there
are songs better than this one, I’m afraid… But, who knows?

Eurovision is full of surprises!!

http://www.oikotimes.com/v2

A Bomb Found Close To Armenian NPP

A BOMB FOUND CLOSE TO ARMENIAN NPP

Aysor
Nov 16 2009
Armenia

Armenia’s Rescue Service said a bomb was found close to Nuclear
Power Plant Sunday. According to report, the Rescue Team, police,
representatives of Defense Ministry and National Security Services
immediately took control of the stated territory (300 meters around
Plant).

"Combat engineers of Armenia’s Defense Ministry transported the bomb to
a separate area and neutralized it," Rescue Services’ spokesman said.

BAKU: Visa-Free Travel Between Azerbaijan, Turkey Is Natural: Azerba

VISA-FREE TRAVEL BETWEEN AZERBAIJAN, TURKEY IS NATURAL: AZERBAIJANI POLITICAL EXPERT

Today
467.html
Nov 13 2009
Azerbaijan

Day.Az interview with renowned Azerbaijani political expert Rasim
Musabayov.

Day.Az: What are your view regarding the current talks between
Azerbaijan and Turkey to lift visa requirements between the two
countries? Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan recently stated
that the countries have almost agreed to establish visa-free travel.

Rasim Musabayov: Visa requirements for short-term travel have long
been lifted. It suffices to show Azerbaijani passport in Turkish
airports and border to be able to travel and stay in the country
freely for a month.

Turkish nationals are required to obtain a visa which is not cheap
at all. Apparently, they plan to extend term of visa-free stay for
Azerbaijanis while expecting Azerbaijan to respond by a similar step.

I believe that the visa-free regime between Azerbaijan and Turkey
would be natural and make life and business of large numbers of
people easier.

Q: Do you mean one should not think Turkey’s move is somehow related
to Iran’s recent step to unilaterally cancel visa requirements with
Azerbaijan?

A: There were much talks long ago that it is appropriate to establish
visa-free travel between Turkey and Azerbaijan. Practical steps in
this respect have already been taken.

Iran has persistently proposed to introduce a visa-free regime and most
likely unilaterally canceled visa regulations for Azerbaijan nationals
to facilitate the process expecting a follow up actions by Azerbaijan.

But the question is not simple given the complex relationship of
Tehran with the world and the availability of visa-free regime for
CIS member states.

Q: How will Turkey-Iran rapprochement benefit Azerbaijan?

A: There is no need to exaggerate Turkish-Iranian rapprochement. These
relationships do not go beyond what should be the norm for neighboring
states. Thank God, they have no sharp contradictions and unresolved
problems. Azerbaijan will only benefit from normal relations and
cooperation between Turkey and Iran.

Q: How do you assess current state of Azerbaijan-Iran relations? What
is the reason for recently intensified visits by Iranian senior
officials to Azerbaijan?

A: I do not think visits by senior Iranian officials to Azerbaijan have
become frequent. Such visits take place very often as Azerbaijan and
Iran are neighboring states. So, there is nothing surprising about
regular visits of Iranian officials.

Lack of such visits between neighboring states is not normal. As
for general state of the Azerbaijani-Iranian relations, then I would
describe them as reserved. For example, Iran has openly stated that it
disapproves Azerbaijan’s building relations with NATO and Israel. In
turn, Azerbaijan voices its concern over Iran’s nuclear program and the
response by major powers to this. Azerbaijan is not either satisfied
with Iran’s stance on the Armenian-Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh
conflict, in particular, warm relations between Tehran and Yerevan.

Q: What are your views about Armenian media reports that an "Orange
Revolution" led by former President Levon Ter-Petrosyan is planned
in the country?

A: I see no signs of preparations for "Orange Revolution" in Armenia.

On the contrary, the oposition forces grouped around former President
Levon Ter-Petrosyan in the Armenian National Congress have behaved
very discreetly. No demonstrations are held any more.

On one hand, LevonTer-Petrosyan is critics of Serzh Sargsyan and on
the other hand claims that the current president actually followed the
path in settlement of relations with Turkey and the Karabakh conflict
that Levon Akopovic was trying to implement at the end of the 90’s,
but was overthrown by Kocharyan and radical military.

In his current statements Ter-Petrosyan hints that he is ready to
support Serzh Sargsyan if he finally breaks away from Robert Kocharyan
and Dashnaktsutun ARF.

http://www.today.az/news/politics/57

Head Office Of Ameriabank Opens In Yerevan

HEAD OFFICE OF AMERIABANK OPENS IN YEREVAN

NOYAN TAPAN
NOVEMBER 12, 2009
YEREVAN

The opening ceremony of Ameriabank’s head office equipped with modern
equipment took place in Yerevan on November 12. Armenian President
Serzh Sargsyan attended the opening ceremony. The bank plans to open
another three branches in 2010.

Chairman of the Central Bank of Armenia Arthur Javadian stated that
during many years of its work, notably over the past two years, the
bank has made a significant contribution to the development of the
Armenian banking system. According to him, the bank is in first place
in the banking system by its authorized capital, and 24% in the 10%
overall growth of credit investments is ensured at the expense of
Ameriabank’s credit resources. Its assets grew sixfold, while its
liabilities – sevenfold, which is a serious index under conditions
of the financial and economic crisis, A. Javadian underlined.

Director General of Ameriabank CJSC Artak Hanesian told reporters that
the bank expects an annual profit of 1.4 billion drams by the end of
2009. He said the bank will provide various services, with the stress
being laid on the expansion of services to corporate customers and the
provision of loans to small and medium business and the energy sector.

NBC: Andre Agassi Discusses His New Book, "Open"

ANDRE AGASSI DISCUSSES HIS NEW BOOK, "OPEN"

NBC News Transcripts
November 11, 2009 Wednesday
SHOW: Today 7:00 AM EST NBC

ANCHORS: MEREDITH VIEIRAEnhanced Coverage LinkingMEREDITH VIEIRA
-Search using: Biographies Plus News News, Most Recent 60 Days

LENGTH: 2292 words

MEREDITH VIEIRA, Enhanced Coverage LinkingMEREDITH VIEIRA, -Search
using: Biographies Plus News News, Most Recent 60 Days co-host:

Back now at 8:11 with tennis legend Andre Agassi. Following a 21-year
career filled with ups and downs, he made a memorable and emotional
exit from the professional stage in 2006 following a defeat at the
US Open. Since then, he has devoted most of his time to his family,
raising two children with wife and fellow tennis star Steffi Graf.

He’s also busy with the Andre Agassi College Prep Academy, a school
he started in his hometown of Las Vegas. And he is out with "Open:
An Autobiography," a new book about his life that contains some
shocking revelations.

Andre, good morning to you. Thanks for joining us.

Mr. ANDRE AGASSI: Good morning. It’s great to be here and see you.

VIEIRA: Shocking revelations for sure, beginning with your admission
that you hate tennis and almost always have. You talk about in this
book the pressure that your dad put on you from the time you were a
little boy to excel at this sport.

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah.

VIEIRA: You talk about your failed marriage to actress Brooke Shields.

You also talk about what was probably the lowest point in your life,
one of the lowest, and that’s the one that a lot of people are talking
about, your use of crystal meth.

Mr. AGASSI: Sure.

VIEIRA: We are going to touch on all of those. But first, you know,
you’re retired now. You’re not in the–in the public eye the same way
you used to be. You didn’t have to reveal all of this about your life.

Why did you make the decision to be so open?

Mr. AGASSI: Well, first of all, if you–if I were to do a book, I
wouldn’t do it halfway. It would be something that I feel somebody
can learn from or get inspired by as it relates to my story. But,
you know, I just–I found myself at a time in my life where I wanted
to take my story, find the story, the narrative in my life, and offer
that to people to help them. I think, you know, there’s millions of
people out there that wake up in a life that they didn’t choose for
themselves. And that’s what I found in my life. I never chose tennis.

I didn’t choose it until I was 27 years old. And, you know, what
do you do at that point, you know? And so I think–I think this can
be–have some real power.

VIEIRA: Your dad, Mike, is the one who chose tennis for you…

Mr. AGASSI: Hm. Yeah.

VIEIRA: …when you were little. You write about it extensively in the
book about, you know, standing on that tennis court and he’s created
sort of a jerry-rigged ball machine that fires balls at you. You
called it the monster, at 110 miles an hour. He didn’t want you to
just play tennis. He wanted you to be a champion. Why was he so hell
bent on that?

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah. I called it the dragon. But, you know, my father…

VIEIRA: The dragon, I’m sorry.

Mr. AGASSI: …my father had his own demons, if you will. You know,
he’s a man who grew up in Tehran, Iran, and he was a Christian
Armenian in a Muslim Tehran. His mom used to sort of make him wear
hand-me-down girls clothes to school, so from a young age, he was
getting in a lot of fights on the street and he’s a very driven man,
but he’s a fighter by nature. Came to America not speaking English,
put himself through school, raised four kids. Was very, very hard on
himself, very disciplined, but that sort of rage that he used to keep,
you know, he directed it at tennis. And I always felt he loved us,
it wasn’t an issue of that…

VIEIRA: Mm-hmm.

Mr. AGASSI: …it wasn’t an abusive thing, but it was an intensity
that if you didn’t play well, it changed the meal that night at your
house and, you know, for a seven-year-old, that leaves an impression.

VIEIRA: There’s a picture of you on the–actually on the back of the
book. I don’t know whether you’re six or seven at that point.

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah.

VIEIRA: When you look at that picture of you, who do you see? Who
was this little boy?

Mr. AGASSI: A pretty scared little guy, you know. I mean, I
internalized a lot, you know, and a lot of my pains my parents didn’t
see. But, you know, I watched three other siblings that I have, that
are older than me, go through, you know, a lot of the same emotions in
different ways. But I internalized, and I see somebody that’s scared,
somebody that doesn’t want to play the game.

VIEIRA: But you play it anyway.

Mr. AGASSI: But I played anyway. And that contradiction between what
I want to do and what I choose to do felt like core of my life.

VIEIRA: And you dad–sort of to give an indication to the readers of
just how much he wanted this for you, and how driven he was to see
you succeed…

Mr. AGASSI: Hm.

VIEIRA: …you tell a story about him giving you a little white pill
that turned out to be speed.

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah.

VIEIRA: You’re 11 years old…

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah.

VIEIRA: …and your brother had even warned you that this might happen.

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah, yeah. My father used to give me Excedrin before I
played matches for that caffeine. He thought it would help me, and
the Excedrin actually did help me. But then he got this one pill that
somebody told him was kind of a souped up Excedrin and he wanted to
give that a go. Anything to get me to achieve the American dream. And
that’s the thing I also point out in that particular scenario with
my father, which he would give me that, but the second I told him it
didn’t make me feel good or something was wrong, he would turn on a
dime. My father could deal with your pain and change if he knew your
pain, but a lot of times, he wasn’t aware of it.

VIEIRA: So at 14 you drop out of school. By 16 you’ve turned pro. By
20, you’re the darling on the tennis court. You’re known for–with the
rock star looks and that long hair. Comes 1990, the French Open. What
people don’t know is when they see the pictures of you–we’re going
to put it up–what they don’t know is that that hair wasn’t even
yours at that point. It was a weave. And on that day it was falling
out. You had it held together with bobby pins.

Mr. AGASSI: I did. The night before the finals of the French Open,
I used the wrong conditioner and it–my hair started to pull out of
it and it was about 80 percent off my head.

VIEIRA: So that’s another lie you were living. Why was that hair so
important to you?

Mr. AGASSI: I watched my brother lose his hair. It was very emotional
for him. That left an impression on me. Plus, it was so connected
to my image. It was so connected to what people said about me. And,
you know, I didn’t know myself, and when you don’t know yourself,
you’re not–you’re not comfortable in your own skin.

VIEIRA: Yeah.

Mr. AGASSI: And losing my hair was something I struggled with. I
actually had a lot of fun, though, writing about it, you know,
reflecting back on just how important it seemed.

VIEIRA: Yeah, to remember when, especially now that you have none. And
it was really your girlfriend at the time, Brooke Shields…

Mr. AGASSI: Hm.

VIEIRA: …who convinced you a few years later, said, `Look, just
shave your head.’

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah.

VIEIRA: And you went on to marry her, but in the book you say you
knew that it was wrong. You talk about at your wedding there was a
look-alike of her sort of to fend of the paparazzi, to throw them off.

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah.

VIEIRA: And you write the following in the book. "As I see the Brooke
look-alike leaving, I have a thought no man should have on his wedding
day: I wish I were leaving, too. I wish I had a decoy groom to take
my place." That was more than just jitters, wasn’t it?

Mr. AGASSI: It was. I think at that time of my life, I couldn’t have
been married to anybody. You know, I think timing is really important.

You need a marriage, two people that understand themselves before
you can start to figure out how life’s going to work together, and
I certainly didn’t understand myself.

VIEIRA: So why, Andre, did you go down that path, do you think now?

Mr. AGASSI: You know, it was so familiar to me. I mean, I played
tennis, something I didn’t want to do, and it was never–I was very
familiar with the feeling of doing something that I just don’t want to
do. I just never had a choice and I didn’t use–I didn’t make a good
decision. But it was a familiar feeling. I said, well, why not? I
mean, it’s–I’ve always given up on relationships and had two-year
blocks in my life historically. And here’s this two-year block and
it’s like maybe I could just figure it out.

VIEIRA: Speaking of why not, you said why not in 1997 when you married
Brooke Shields, and in 1997 you said why not to crystal meth.

Mr. AGASSI: Hm.

VIEIRA: A low point in your life. You are–you are–I don’t know,
who–Slim, your assistant at the time…

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah.

VIEIRA: …offered it to you and you said, and I’m quoting you now,
you said after you took it, "to get an undeniable satisfaction from
harming myself and shortening my career." That’s why you tried it.

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah. Well, I was depressed is really the big reason. I
mean, I found myself in a life I didn’t want to be in. I was doing
something that I hated, that I hadn’t chosen for myself. I was in a
marriage I didn’t want to be in and, you know, I was depressed. No
energy, pulling out of tournaments. And here somebody comes along and
offers me an escape and I took it and, you know, like most mistakes
that people make, they lead to more and more mistakes.

VIEIRA: Were you hoping that it would destroy your career?

Mr. AGASSI: I think in some sort of odd way. I was–I thought about
quitting many times and it was just hard for–hard for me. I never
quite had the strength to quit. I never–I wanted to continue in some
way. I had this conflict. And I just knew that maybe this will just
remove the choice for me. You know, it’s like–it’s like wishing
yourself injury on the court, which used to–I used to get that
feeling a lot, too. If I just fell over and broke my ankle, I mean,
gosh, I wouldn’t have to do this.

VIEIRA: And then there was the phone call that came that changed
everything.

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah.

VIEIRA: We’re going to come back and talk about that.

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah.

VIEIRA: Andre Agassi. And we’ll be back with more right after this.

***

VIEIRA: We are back talking to tennis legend Andre Agassi about his
new autobiography "Open."

Andre, thank you for sticking around.

Mr. AGASSI: Sure.

VIEIRA: We left off 1997. You start taking crystal meth with your
assistant. Towards the end of that year, you made a decision you want
to stop this and you want to start taking tennis seriously again,
because you’ve been losing consistently.

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah.

VIEIRA: And right about then you get a phone call from a member of
the tennis association, an official with USTA, actually…

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah.

VIEIRA: …saying that they’ve got a urine test on you and you’ve
tested positive for crystal meth. You have been caught.

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah, yeah.

VIEIRA: And you find yourself in yet again a lie. You write them a
letter and what do you say?

Mr. AGASSI: In the letter, I lie. I didn’t know what to do. I had
nowhere to turn. I was–I was…

VIEIRA: Because they want an explanation.

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah. I was ashamed of it, I was scared, I was panicked. I
had nobody to turn to because nobody knew in my life, and I wrote a
letter that was filled with lies. I said my assistant had a spiked
drink. It’s how he used to ingest the drug. He’s a known drug user,
and I took a sip of his–of his drink. And that came–that came on the
heels of me making a decision to not walk away from tennis. I was 141
in the world in Stuttgart when my coach said to me, you know, `Andre,
you’re too good for this. We’ve got to start over or we got to quit.’
And I remember looking out over traffic saying how many people go on
to lives that they–that they don’t want, lives they didn’t choose,
but they find reason to do it. And I committed that day to a life
that I’m going to choose. I can walk away from tennis. And it was
that moment when I chose tennis that a lot started to change. And
then that phone call came. Just…

VIEIRA: And then that phone call. But they bought your excuse. They
bought it. And then you realized now I really have a second chance.

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah.

VIEIRA: Every day is going to be a day of atonement, and you began to
turn your life around. The tennis improved, so did your personal life.

Mr. AGASSI: Well, I think that atonement is a great word and I think
this book, to be quite honest, is an atonement, because I, you know,
I had a lot more to lose in doing this than gain, you know? And–but
if a hit on my perception, it’s not–might not be what people perceive
of me, but it is the truth of me. And I think there’s a lot to be
gained from it.

VIEIRA: And as I said, your personal life also turned around.

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah.

VIEIRA: You–I mean, talk about the–some of the battles you’ve been
in. The toughest one was probably getting Steffi Graf’s attention,
your wife, right? You’d been trying for a long time and she just blew
you off time and time again. Finally, the two of you hit it off and
you got married and…

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah. Well, I had a phone call with her, you know, and
I was–and she had a boyfriend of six years and I think I had one of
the best lines ever in this conversation, because she was giving me no
inroads at all and I just–there was a pause on the phone and I just
said, `Six years is a long time.’ And there’s another pause and she
went, `Yes, it is.’ And I went, `Ah, I saw a little weakness there.’

VIEIRA: And you moved in for the kill, and the two of you got married.

You have two beautiful children now, Jaden and Jaz. You’re wearing
actually something that Jaden made for you. It says "Daddy Rocks."

Mr. AGASSI: Yeah. "Daddy Rocks." I haven’t taken it off in four years.

VIEIRA: All right. Thank you so much, so much I could talk to you
about. Andre Agassi…

Mr. AGASSI: Thank you.

VIEIRA: …thank you. The autobiography is called "Open." We’ll be
right back after your local news.

U.S. Government Provides Additional $15 Million To Rehabilitate Main

U.S. GOVERNMENT PROVIDES ADDITIONAL $15 MILLION TO REHABILITATE MAIN CANALS

armradio.am
11.11.2009 17:12

On November 11, 2009 the Millennium Challenge Account – Armenia
(MCA-Armenia) SNCO signed a contract with a consortium consisting of
Arpa-Sevan OJSC (Armenia) and Sade (France) to rehabilitate/repair 35,4
kilometers of sections on the Arzni-Shamiram, Lower Hrazdan, Artashat
and Shirak main canals and about 70 hydro-technical structures in
Arzni-Shamiram and Shirak main canals. Together with the work under
the first package of main canals, a total of 39.6 kilometers of canals
will be rehabilitated and more than 20 million dollars invested in
the improvement of the canal infrastructure in Armenia. More than
110, 000 beneficiaries in around 200 communities will be able to have
access to more reliable water in Ararat, Aragatsotn, Armavir, Kotayk,
and Shirak marzes.

The value of the contract is 14,618,601 dollars and the term of the
contract 18 months. The scope of the rehabilitation works includes
cleaning of the canals, rehabilitation of outlets and gates, and
utilization of monolith concrete, reinforced concrete and such advanced
technologies as shotcrete.

Additional works under MCA-Armenia’s Irrigation Infrastructure will
involve the rehabilitation of 17 pumping stations, construction of up
to six gravity schemes, upgrading of tertiary irrigation systems in
over 70 communities and improvements to the Ararat valley drainage
system. Total investment into the MCA-Armenia Program should amount
to about 180,000, 000 dollars by the time the program ends in 2011

The Current Turkish-Armenian Protocols

THE CURRENT TURKISH-ARMENIAN PROTOCOLS
By Prof. Vahakn Dadrian

AZG DAILY
12-11-2009

Armenia-Turkey

There are three elements in the new Turkish initiative calling for
Attention:

1. The protocol on establishing diplomatic relations stipulates
"commitment…for the principles of…territorial integrity and
inviolability of frontiers." It also requires "the mutual recognition
of the existing border between the two countries as defined by
the relevant treaties of international law." In other words the
stipulation is based on the latter part of the paragraph whose basis
is a misconstrued, if not faulty, interpretation of a definition of
what it calls "relevant treaties of international law."

The fact is, however, that "international law" was seriously encroached
upon by the signing of these "relevant treaties." Involved are here:
1. The Treaty of Moscow, signed in Moscow on March 16, 1921 between
RSFSR (Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic) on the one hand,
and (Kemalist) Turkey, on the other. The other, no. 2, the Treaty
of Kars, was signed some seven months later, i.e., on October 13,
1921, between (Kemalist) Turkey, on the one hand, and the three
Soviet Republics of Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan, on the other,
with the participation of RSFSR. The cardinal fact is that Ankara’s
Kemalist Turkey, the signatory of these twin Treaties, at that time,
was not a legitimate, functioning government; rather, it was a rebel,
improvised governmental set-up in contest with a then legitimately
functioning government in Istanbul, then the official capital of the
Empire, and ruled by a legitimate Sultan.

Consistent with this fact, in a series of governmental as well as
court-martial decisions, this legitimate authority on May 24, 1920,
issued a death verdict against Mustafa Kemal (Takyimi Vekay-i no.

3864), and 12 days later, June 6, 1920, six of the latter’s cohorts,
including Ismet (Inonu), were likewise court-martialed in absentia
and were condemned to death. Whether or not Sultan’s government was
popular, or its policies were deemed prudent or wise at the time, are
issues that are irrelevant here. What is paramount and incontestable,
however, is the fact that the Sultan was then the sole legitimate
and superordinate authority of the Ottoman Empire – in contrast to
the rebel character of the Kemalist government. Accordingly, any
agreement, convention or treaty signed with such a government is
under international law illegitimate, hence invalid.

Thus, from the vantage point of "international law," the Treaties
of Moscow and Kars are bereft of legality and can, therefore, not
be treated as legitimate instruments of negotiations. Moreover,
the Moscow Treaty is additionally illegitimate by any standard of
international law, for the reason that the RSFSR (Soviet Russia)
was then not recognized by any nation-state, it then had almost the
same status as the revolutionary, rebellious Kemalist regime. (It was
only in 1922 when Germany, as the first nation-state, granted de-jure
recognition of the Union at Prapallo). As if these legal deficiencies
were not enough, Soviet Armenia, on the insistence of the Ankara
government’s representatives, was excluded from the negotiations in
Moscow that culminated in the Treaty of Moscow on March 16, 1921,
these Turkish representatives had adamantly objected to inclusion in
these negotiations of any Armenian representative. As a result, the
lack of evidence of Armenian participation is one of the most signal
features in the protocols of this Treaty. It should be noted in this
connection that one of the three Turkish delegates, who prevailed in
Moscow for the final drafting of this Treaty, was Colonel, later in
the Turkish Republic, Major-General, Sevket Seyfi (Duzgoreu).

One of the foremost organizers of the Armenian Genocide, Seyfi
distinguished himself in the task of recruitment, mobilization
and deployment in the provinces of Special Organization’s killer
bands, mostly convicted criminals especially selected and released
from the empire’s prisons for this task, they played a major role
in the implementation of the genocidal scheme. As to the ensuing
Treaty of Kars, again it was the leaders of RSFSR, which assumed
responsibility for prevailing upon the three Transcaucasian Soviet
Republics to accommodate the Turks, their feeble efforts of some
opposition notwithstanding. That treaty in fact materialized as an
extension and reconfirmation of the preceding Moscow Treaty thanks to
the exertions of the dominant Bolsheviks. It is painful to point out
once more the rather treacherous conduct of a certain Budu Mdivani,
a Georgian, serving as a communist mediator between the military
defeated agonizing Armenians who had welcomed him, and the arrogant,
victorious Turks. Instead of serving the interests of his Russian
masters in Moscow, he secretly tried to collude with the Turks, urging
Kazim Karabekir, their military commander, not to be satisfied with
the Arax River as a new frontier between Armenia and Turkey, but rather
to push beyond that river deep into Armenia. (Kazim Karabekir, ISTIKAL
Harbimiz, the 1969 edition. Istanbul, Turkiye Publishers, p. 952)

2. The protocol no. 2 dealing with the theme of "Development of
Relations between Armenian and Turkey" seductively starts as item no.

1 with a promise to "open the common border within 2 months after the
entry into force of this Protocol." Then, under items no. 2 and no. 3
come the two most critical issues preventing the bulk of the Armenian
people from considering reconciliation. Through them, the unrepentant
heirs of the Great Crime of 1915 are once more seeking to railroad
the central issue by way of indirection, covert language and resort
to alluring, seductive techniques. The Armenian government should
declare unequivocally, if not emphatically, that there is nothing to
"examine scientifically" with respect to the matter that covertly
but allegorically is called "the historical records." These records"
have been subjected to criminal investigation by a Turkish military
Tribunal in the pre-Kemalist, postwar Turkey, 1919-1921. Relying on
a vast corpus of authenticated, official Turkish wartime documents,
this Tribunal, demonstrated that these "records" were nothing
but a repository of incontestable evidence of a gigantic crime,
a centrally organized mass murder enacted against the bulk of the
Ottoman Empire’s own Armenian citizens. The bill of charges, the
key indictment, replete with specific documentary material that
constituted the Tribunal’s evidence-inchief renders the resulting
series of Verdicts an irrevocable evidence of the comprehensive scale
of the wartime extermination. The prosecutors were Turks, the judges
were Turks, and equally, if not most important, most of the witnesses
were Turks, including the high-ranking military officers. Likewise,
the court-martial proceedings were based on Ottoman Turkish domestic
penal laws.

One would think that a government driven by a sense of Justice would
above all tackle these court proceedings in its quest for truth
and justice. But, remarkably, there is not only silence about them,
but complete silence about the disappearance of the respective trial
records following the capture of Istanbul by the Kemalists in the Fall
of 1922. The proposal of enlisting commissions to "study" the problem
and "formulate recommendations," has all the sly elements of purposive
procrastination, of a gimmick to inject uncertainty, ambivalence,
and above all pressure for, ultimate compromise. We see here the
use of standards of a "give and take" culture that often determines
the outcome of such "commissions" and "sub-commissions," presumably
consisting of people knowledgeable about the Ottoman language. Perhaps
the most unusual and, therefore, in a sense, bizarre aspect of this
whole protocol, a feature of decades-long official Turkish posture,
is the idea that, the Turks, identified with the perpetrator camp,
would visit a vis-a-vis those representing the victim of population,
and negotiate as co-equals. Underlying this vagary of sheer power
play is the fact that Turkey, whether officially or unofficially,
is still irrevocably committed to a posture of denial as far as the
key element of the crime is concerned, namely, a state-sponsored and
state-organized mass murder against her Armenian citizens.

Indeed, Articles 300, 309, but especially 301, of Turkey’s current
Penal Code, will as long as they are in effect, continue to legitimize
and even extol this posture.

3. Given the track record of the Turkish politicians, the heirs of
an established and centuries-old Ottoman tradition, it is difficult
to resist the temptation to label this entire initiative a clever
stratagem to lure the Armenian government into a trap. There is
not only a scheme of prolongation of the diplomatic traffic in an
atmosphere of continuous uncertainty, as far as a final outcome is
concerned (Abdul Hamid skilfully used this tactic when confronting
the European Powers, which were pressuring him to finally implement
the so-called Armenian Reforms – in Turkish it is called Ovalamak),
but also an underlying design to promptly wrest from the government
of Armenia, a long-cherished concession: the formal recognition of
the existing borders between Armenia and Turkey. Secondly, there is
Turkey’s looming goal of joining the European Union. Turkey needs
to preserve the appropriate facade of conciliatoriness that is but
expected of a candidate worthy of becoming an integral part of a
civilized Europe. When reinforced by the possession of significant
strategic assets and the leverage of distinct military power, however,
such facades can prove very functional.

The situation becomes even more enigmatic, if not outright deceptive,
when taking into account the pervasive current linkages between
the republics of Turkey and Azerbaijan. Knowing the intensity of
the latter’s frustrations if not fury, in relation to Armenia, and
Turkey’s significant dependence of Azeri oil, not to speak of other
kinship ties, are we to believe that the Turkish Republic earnestly
and honestly is prepared to cement new ties with Armenia that by
definition are bound to hemorrhage its relationship with Azerbaijan?

Even though Armenia is, and for the foreseeable future, will remain,
more or less isolated, and in some respects even economically
handicapped, there is such a thing as the principle of essential
national priorities and, consequently, the eternal need for
circumspection and exigent vigilance.

Professor Dadrian is the director of Genocide research at the Zoryan
Institute.

Ratification Of Armenia-Turkey Protocols In The Interests Of Azerbai

RATIFICATION OF ARMENIA-TURKEY PROTOCOLS IN THE INTERESTS OF AZERBAIJAN AS WELL

PanARMENIAN.Net
10.11.2009 12:42 GMT+04:00

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ It’s gratifying to see Armenian-Turkish talks
getting off the ground, EU Envoy for the South Caucasus said.

"Opening of the Armenian Turkish border will be the first step to
change the abnormal situation in the region where three of the longest
borders are closed," Peter Semneby said.

Commenting on ratification of Armenia-Turkey protocols, he said,
"Ratification is advantageous for both states. Moreover, it’s in the
interests of Azerbaijan as well. The war in Georgia proved that South
Caucasian countries are vulnerable. Consolidation is possible through
resolution of the persisting problems only."

Mr. Semneby emphasized that Armenia is not interested in status quo.

"Uncertainty can’t last eternally," he said.

He also remarked that Russia’s recognition of South Ossetia and
Abkhazia complicated resolution of Karabakh problem, Kommersant
Daily reported.