New Chinese-Made Buses To Start Serving Yerevan Commuters On Saturda

NEW CHINESE-MADE BUSES TO START SERVING YEREVAN COMMUTERS ON SATURDAY

news.am
March 23, 2012 | 15:20

YEREVAN. – Armenian capital Yerevan’s Mayor Taron Margaryan on Friday
met with vice president Xuan Shu-Ping of China’s Hayer-Bus Automotive
Plant and the delegation led by him.

The Mayor thanked the Chinese Government for the 249 urban buses,
which it has donated, and some of which will start their operations
in Yerevan on Saturday, City Hall informed Armenian News-NEWS.am.

“We have envisioned that the [Yerevan] private passenger transport
companies will gradually pass to services with large- and medium-size
buses,” Taron Margaryan noted.

The parties also discussed bus operation and maintenance issues.

In his turn, Xuan Shu-Ping noted they are ready to discuss and offer
relevant proposals on all matters the Mayor has raised.

“As the world’s biggest bus production company, we will do everything
possible so that the buses are operated appropriately and they may
serve Yerevan for long years,” Xuan Shu-Ping stressed.

The interlocutors also examined the signing of a memorandum of
understanding, and the possible future.

From: Baghdasarian

La 9Ame Circonscription Ne Tient Aucun Compte De La Convention Sur L

LA 9AME CIRCONSCRIPTION NE TIENT AUCUN COMPTE DE LA CONVENTION SUR LE GENOCIDE
Jean Eckian

armenews.com
vendredi 23 mars 2012

Le juriste revient sur cette decision surrealiste d’une formation
plenière de la cour d’Appel federale. Les USA, comme d’ailleurs 142
pays signataires, en adherant a cette Convention, s’obligent a en
appliquer toutes les dispositions. Stan Goldman tire du texte de
la Convention une conclusion lumineuse : la decision du parlement
de l’etat de Californie de repousser la date limite des demandes en
justice concernant les assurances sur la vie des victimes armeniennes
etait parfaitement legale. D’après Stan Goldman, il ne fait aucun doute
que le Genocide Armenien est une partie integrante et incontestable
des crimes que la Convention envisage de reprimer et de prevenir. Il
place sur un meme niveau, dans la pleine lumière, le Genocide Armenien
commis par les Turcs et le Genocide des Juifs commis par les Allemands.

Il ya decidement dans cette decision en appel devant la formation
plenière des juges federaux americains et le rejet par le Conseil
Constitutionnel de notre loi Valerie Boyer, des similitudes troublantes
: on taille dans le droit, on le tire dans tous les sens, on alambique
des raisonnements pour arriver a une decision complaisante envers
la Turquie. Stan Goldman donne ici une lecon de droit de haute tenue
aux refoules et pourfendeurs de lois memorielles.

MM. Badinter et Debre seraient bien inspires de la lire…

GB

AFFAIRE MOVSESIAN v. VICTORIA VERSICHERUNG AG

Argumente et soumis le 8 decembre 2008 – 10 decembre 2010

Cour d’Appel, 9ème circonscription

En l’an 2000 la legislature de Californie a promulgue le projet de loi
1915 du Senat qui a modifie le Code de Procedure civile de Californie
procurant aux Cours de Californie competence sur certaines categories
de revendications decoulant de polices d’assurance detenues par ”
les victimes du genocide armenien”.

Toute personne victime du genocide armenien, ou l’heritier ou le
beneficiaire de la victime du genocide armenien, qui reside dans cet
etat et dispose d’une reclamation decoulant d’une police d’assurance
ou polices souscrites ou en vigueur en Europe ou en Asie entre 1875
et 1923 auprès d’un assureur vise a l’alinea (2) de la subdivision
(a), peut intenter une action judiciaire ou poursuivre une action
judiciaire en cours pour recuperer de cette revendication devant un
tribunal de juridiction competente dans cet etat.

Le commentateur juridique Stan Goldman de la Faculte de Droit Loyola,
Los Angeles, affirme que la loi federale autorise d’ores et deja les
etats a poursuivre penalement les auteurs de crimes de genocide, et
que le mecontentement de la Turquie n’est pas une base legitime pour
invalider une demarche au civil contre ceux qui sont responsables du
Genocide des Armeniens…

La Cour d’Appel Federale pour la Neuvième Circonscription, siegeant en
seance plenière, dans l’affaire Movsesian c/ Victoria Verscherung AG
semble ne pas avoir pris en consideration la portee de la Convention
des Nations Unies sur la Prevention et la Punition et la Repression
du Crime de Genocide lorsqu’elle a declare inconstitutionnelle
une decision de l’etat de Californie qui donnait aux descendants
des victimes des massacres de 1915-1921 dans l’empire ottoman,
le droit d’engager des procès dans l’etat pour le non paiement
d’assurances. La loi avait specifiquement indique que les poursuites
seraient recevables dans le cas de polices qui avaient ete souscrites
a des “victimes du Genocide des Armeniens”, dans la mesure où les
assureurs etaient en activite en Californie. La loi avait egalement
ecarte tout delai de prescription qu’on aurait pu mettre a ces
procès. La cour en seance plenière a soutenu que cette decision de
l’etat de Californie constituait une ingerence dans le domaine du
pouvoir exclusif du gouvernement federal pour conduire et contrôler
les affaires etrangères.

La cour a conclu qu’ayant qualifie les massacres de “genocide” et
en ayant tire une consequence, l’Etat de Californie s’est introduit
dans un domaine politiquement charge, ce qui equivalait a etablir
une politique etrangère particulière a cet etat. En autorisant que
les tribunaux de l’etat de Californie soient un forum pour de telles
actions, un message politique etait envoye qui pourraient avoir
un impact direct sur les relations internationales et pourraient
malencontreusement affecter le pouvoir du gouvernement federal
pour s’occuper de ces problèmes. L’opinion de la cour a reconnu que
les preoccupations du gouvernement turc ont pris une part dans la
decision. Etait ce juste ; ou la Neuvième Circonscription a-t-elle
omis de tirer les consequences du fait que les USA sont signataires
de la Convention sur le Genocide ? Les USA ayant signe la convention,
des consequences vis-a-vis du genocide en general et du Genocide des
Armeniens en particulier en decoulent.

D’abord, envers le concept general de genocide, il faut se souvenir que
la convention internationale a laquelle les USA ont adhere n’oblige
pas seulement tous les signataires a intervenir lorsque des actes de
genocide se produisent, elle leur donne aussi le droit de poursuite
independamment du lieu où ils se sont produits. D’après les lois
federales, ce droit de poursuite peut etre applique aux USA auprès des
tribunaux federaux ou ceux des etats. Par consequent, aussi longtemps
que la competence juridique de l’etat est applicable a un justiciable,
fut-il defendeur dans le procès envisage, le droit federal a concede
aux etat le droit et le pouvoir d’engager des poursuites penales
contre l’auteur d’un genocide commis n’importe où et n’importe quand
par le passe.

Si les massacres du debut du vingtième siècle des Armeniens par les
Turcs, au sens de la definition du droit international, sont definis
comme ayant ete un “genocide”, alors si l’u quelconque des auteurs
etait encore en vie aujourd’hui, la Californie serait investie de
l’autorite federale de le poursuivre en depit des objections du
gouvernement turc. En d’autres termes, supposant que nous soyons
devant un genocide, la decision de la Neuvième Circonscription a
cree l’anomalie selon laquelle l’Etat de Californie peut poursuivre
penalement les coupables de genocides passes mais ne peut pas
autoriser que des mesures civiles soient prises contre eux. Comment
peut-on dire que des poursuites contre un assureur (qui peut ne pas
etre une compagnie turque) exercant son activite en Californie,
qu’elles ont plus d’impact sur les relations internationales, en
affectant malencontreusement la puissance du gouvernement federal,
que les poursuites penales engagees dans un tribunal de l’etat de
Californie, contre un soldat turc pour des crimes de genocide ?

Nous en sommes donc a la question preliminaire : y a-t-il eu en fait
un “genocide” commis par l’Empire Ottoman (l’etat predecesseur de la
Turquie d’aujourd’hui) contre les Armeniens ? Pour comprendre a quel
point il est clair et evident que le massacre des Armeniens est dans
la definition internationale du genocide, tout ce que nous avons a
faire est regarder l’histoire de la Convention du Genocide elle-meme.

Cette histoire a commence en realite en 1944 quand Raphaël Lemkin,
un Juif Polonais survivant de l’Holocaust professeur de droit,
s’efforcait de lier entre eux ce qu’il pensait etre les plus grands
crimes du vingtième siècle : la destruction des Juifs d’Europe et
les massacres de 1915-1921 d’Armenie. Il crea le mot “genocide” pour
decrire et lier ces deux inconcevables tragedies dans ses travaux
approfondis, la domination de l’Axe en Europe occupee. Il combina le
nom grec “genos” de la famille ou de la tribu, avec le mot latin “cide”
qui signifie meurtre. Ses ecrits devinrent rapidement une ressource
pour les accusations au Tribunal de Nuremberg. En 1948, grâce a ses
efforts incessants, l’Assemblee Generale des Nations-Unies approuva
la première etape necessaire a ajouter le genocide a la liste des
crimes internationaux. Lemkin passa alors les trois ans qui suivirent,
passant d’un pays a l’autre pour obtenir d’eux leur engagement sur la
ratification de la Convention sur le Genocide qui prit effet en 1951.

Aujourd’hui, les procureurs charges des poursuites et les defenseurs
de ceux qui sont accuses de crimes de genocide, scrutent les ecrits
du professeur Lemkin recherchant ses intentions juridiques pour
soutenir leur position quelle qu’elle soit. Son autorite dans ce
domaine de droit est telle est si indiscutable jusqu’a ce jour,
que des commentateurs aussi divers que Samantha Powers, directrice
principale pour les affaires multilaterales au Conseil National
de Securite de l’administration Obama, et que la correspondante
internationale Christiane Amanpour, en referent au traite sur le
genocide simplement par l’expression “loi de Lemkin”. Lorsque les
USA adoptèrent la convention comme loi de la terre, ils adoptèrent
en meme temps une histoire legislative qui comporte la definition et
l’origine du “genocide”.

Il est toujours possible a la limite de s’engager dans l’exercice
vain qui consiste a dire de certaines autres tentatives humaines
d’annihilation (tels que les meurtres de masse en Bosnie, au Rwanda,
ou au Darfur) si elles constituent un genocide au sens juridique. Il ne
peut y avoir aucun debat dans aucun cadre conventionnel international
pour les massacres des Armeniens et l’Holocauste des Juifs. Pretendre
que l’un ou l’autre ne sont pas des genocides au sens juridique serait
comme si on disait que l’esclavage n’est pas regi par le Trentième
Amendement. On ne peut pas ecarter de la definition d’un terme la
chose meme pour laquelle le mot a ete cree pour la decrire.

Ainsi, l’auteur du texte de la convention sur le genocide auquel
adhèrent les USA est le meme homme qui a cree le mot “genocide” en
reference specifique au massacre des Armeniens commis par l’Empire
Ottoman et au massacre des Juifs commis par les Nazis et ses allies.

Si l’un des auteurs de ces massacres etait encore en vie et present
en Californie, il pourrait etre poursuivi penalement dans un tribunal
de l’etat de Californie. Que dire alors des consequences civiles
potentielles issues d’un tel genocide juridiquement caracterise ?

Considerons les actions civiles impliquant des Juifs victimes de
l’Holocauste. Supposons que le Registre des Oeuvres d’Art Perdus
decouvre qu’une grande et influente societe autrichienne detienne
dans l’un de ses bureaux americains une peinture de valeur que les
Nazis auraient pille dans la maison de Sigmund Freud, parce que
le vieux psychiatre s’etait enfui de Vienne en 1936. Les heritiers
legaux de Freud nes aux Etats-Unis auraient intente un procès civil
dans un tribunal des Etats-Unis pour se reapproprier l’~uvre d’art
volee. Le gouvernement autrichien, cependant, soutient que cela
serait embarrassant pour l’une de ses plus importantes societes et
que les relations exterieures des USA pourraient etre affectees si on
laissait le procès se poursuivre. Sommes nous a present sur le point
de conclure que l’objection de l’Autriche a des poursuites engagees
contre l’une des societes privees de ce pays retire aux tribunaux
des USA le pouvoir de proteger la propriete en depit de toutes les
lois americaines qui stipulent le contraire ?

Bien qu’il faille admettre que les administrations les plus recentes
aient ete bien hesitantes, a plusieurs reprises, a parler des atrocites
contre les Armeniens comme d’un genocide, cela n’enlève rien au fait
que la reconnaissance du genocide des Armeniens constitue une partie
intrinsèque de notre adhesion a la Convention sur le Genocide, comme il
en est de meme avec la reconnaissance de l’Holocauste commis par les
Allemands sur les Juifs. Le droit federal autorise deja la poursuite
des auteurs, meme s’ils ne sont pas des citoyens americains, pour les
crimes de genocide. Cela resterait vrai meme s’il y avait des soldats
ou officiers ottomans encore vivants et captures sur le territoire
de Californie. Comment alors le l’objection et le mecontentement de
la Turquie pourraient-ils etayer la suppression d’une mesure civile
contre des compagnies privees dans le but d’obtenir une forme minimale
de restitution pour des indemnites encore dues liees a ce genocide
? Malgre cela, selon la Neuvième Circonscription, il ne saurait y
avoir aucune mesure civile.

Beaucoup de choses ont change au cours du siècle passe depuis le
massacre des Armeniens. Comme il en est d’Istanbul qui n’est plus
Constantinople, l’Empire Ottoman s’est metamorphose en la moderne
Republique de Turquie il y a quelques temps . L’histoire, cependant,
est immuable. Bien que les vrais auteurs de ces crimes du debut du
vingtième siècle contre l’humanite ne puisse se retrouver devant une
juridiction criminelle des Conventions sur Le Genocide, les demandes en
justice civiles restent insatisfaites. Est le rôle des courts federales
des USA d’ajouter inutilement des obstacles a la voie empruntee par
les victimes pour obtenir une modeste partie de ce qui doit leur etre
rendu depuis si longtemps ? Cela ne peut avoir ete l’intention des
Etats-Unis lorsqu’ils ont signe la Convention sur le Genocide.

Stan Goldman est professeur de droit a la Faculte de Droit de Loyola,
Los Angeles, où il dirige du Centre pour l’Etude du Droit et du
Genocide. Il a remis un avis juridique dans l’affaire Movsessian de
la part des demandeurs, et il a siege comme deuxième president a un
groupe de la Neuvième Circonscription qui a examine l’affaire.

Forum Juriste, 14 mars 2012,

From: Baghdasarian

Gala Event To Preserve Genocide Survivors’ Voices

GALA EVENT TO PRESERVE GENOCIDE SURVIVORS’ VOICES

Tert.am
23.03.12

The University of South Carolina’s (USC) Institute of Armenian
Studies will host on April 15 an annual event aimed at preserving
the recollections of Armenian Genocide survivors.

“Don’t Let Their Voices Be Forgotten” is the message of this year’s
gala banquet that will honor the USC Shoah Foundation Institute’s
efforts to digitalize the stories of genocide survivors.

The J. Michael Hagopian/Armenian Film Foundation archive of nearly
400 filmed survivor and eyewitness testimonies will be the first
collection in the Armenian Genocide Digitization Project, according
to US Armenian Life.

The Foundation was established by Steven Spielberg in 1994. Its
primary mission was to preserve the memories of the Jews who survived
the Holocaust.

The goal of the USC Institute of Armenian Studies’ Leadership Council
is to bring together digital copies of all of the collections
of interviews with Armenian Genocide survivors and eyewitnesses,
essentially creating what may become the largest archive of Armenian
Genocide eyewitness interviews.

From: Baghdasarian

Armenia’s Future Belongs To Online News Media – Opinion Poll

ARMENIA’S FUTURE BELONGS TO ONLINE NEWS MEDIA – OPINION POLL

news.am
March 22, 2012 | 13:31

YEREVAN. – As a result of a survey conducted in Armenia’s capital
Yerevan and in 57 other settlements, it was found out that, by and
large, the people are informed about politics via Internet, and the
future belongs to online news media. This was stated by the European
Friends of Armenia (EuFoA) organization’s Secretary General, Michael
Kambeck, during a press conference on Thursday.

As per Kambeck, this survey on political awareness demonstrates that
the future belongs to the Internet, and that the youth gradually
prefer the Internet over television for receiving information.

With respect to the survey’s query on the level of awareness as
compared with five years ago, 42 percent of the respondents noted that
Armenia’s overall situation has partly improved; as per 24 percent,
the situation has considerably deteriorated; 20 percent thinks the
situation has partly deteriorated; 8 percent believes the situation
has considerably improved; and according to 6 percent, everything
has remained the same.

And concerning the question on Armenia’s overall situation, 40
percent of the survey’s respondents expressed a view that the
country’s situation is worse; 25 percent noted that the situation
is comparatively worse; another 25 percent thinks the situation is
comparatively better; and according to 10 percent, the situation
is better.

From: Baghdasarian

Person Who Caused Explosion In Downtown Yerevan Night Club Is Insane

PERSON WHO CAUSED EXPLOSION IN DOWNTOWN YEREVAN NIGHT CLUB IS INSANE? – NEWSPAPER

news.am
March 22, 2012 | 09:58

YEREVAN. – Armenian capital Yerevan resident Vardan Demirchyan, who
is suspected of causing a grenade blast in a downtown night club on
Tuesday night, is insane, Zhamanak daily writes.

“According to our source, the argument had started when the security
personnel of the entertainment center had not allowed Vardan to enter
the disco bar. According to preliminary data, the security personnel
had cursed at Vardan during the argument, [and] an explosion rocked
the object ten minutes later.

And concerning 29-year-old Vardan Demirchyan, he suffers from several
mental illnesses since birth. He had undergone treatment at different
psychiatric institutions for quite a long time, but his mental health
could not be restored. Incidentally, several family members of Vartan
also suffer from mental deviations,” Zhamanak writes.

From: Baghdasarian

If Opposition Left The Country

IF OPPOSITION LEFT THE COUNTRY
HAKOB BADALYAN

Story from Lragir.am News:

Published: 10:40:08 – 22/03/2012

After the disclosure of the party list of the Heritage Party, Karine
Hakobyan, Heritage board member, voiced dissatisfaction with the list,
and the formation mode saying it was formed in compliance with the
wish of a couple of people. Karine Hakobyan said about her intention
to leave the party.

In order to clarify whether Karine Hakobyan’s discontent is justified,
and whether her accusation is right it is necessary to study all the
details. Though, even in this case, the Heritage representatives will
keep stating that everything was right, and Karine Hakobyan and others
will oppose that democratic principles were violated.

In this case, however, another issue is outlining. In fact if
one disagrees with something in the party, they immediately start
complaining and leave it.

Why are they leaving? Why do they not stay in the party and try to
support their opinions even if their struggle will be in vein? Why
did Karine Hakobyan express her dissatisfaction after the publication
of the list when she could still find support for her points of view
among the society? Why did she do it only after the list was ready
and published?

After all, if the party’s strategy and ideology are the same, if it
is loyal to its values and ideas, why do they leave as soon as they
have a disagreement instead of remaining in the party and promoting
and defending their opinion and acquiring supporters?

It would be at least strange if the opposition left the country once
it failed to come to power. It would be more effective to stay in
the party and fight until one is removed from the party. Moreover,
if the removal is illegal and groundless, it is also necessary to
fight against it.

In the end, one of the most important issues of Armenia is the low
level of democracy inside parties and it is necessary to promote the
solution of this issue through public struggle for one’s ideas and
points of view up to reaching change of party leadership. Otherwise,
if all this is considered as unnecessary and senseless, being in
politics also becomes unnecessary and senseless.

This does not concern only Karine Hakobyan and Heritage. Almost all
political subjects of the political field of Armenia have gone through
this, parties split for this reason and new ones are created and
marginalized. This has been the main reason destroying the political
system. It is necessary to stop this and each person involved in the
political system should try to promote this.

From: Baghdasarian

http://www.lragir.am/engsrc/comments25538.html

New Turkish Regulations Create More Confusion For Minority Schools

NEW TURKISH REGULATIONS CREATE MORE CONFUSION FOR MINORITY SCHOOLS

hetq
13:15, March 22, 2012

Recent changes to Turkish regulations regarding minority schools
have appeared to create more confusion for some educators who claim
the changes don’t solve the problems faced by children of foreign
nationals.

“We have [read] the regulations from top to bottom. Frankly we, too,
remain perplexed,” Istanbul deputy education director Nedat İlhan
told Hurriyet Daily News.

According to the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, only the children of Turkish
citizens can attend their own “minority” schools.

This clause had been removed in the new regulations that appeared in
the March 20 Official Gazette.

“The article was removed, but we are going to take a look at its
infrastructure and whether it is applicable or not. Minorities in
Turkey are classified under different titles in the Lausanne Treaty
of 1923. As such, there is a critical question mark over here,”
said İlhan.

While the children of RA nationals can now attend minority schools
in Turkey as auditors, they still cannot receive diplomas.

This was made possible when Turkey granted them “guest student”
status some two years ago.

It is reported that many illegal Armenian immigrants prefer not to
take advantage of the “guest student” status, not wishing to reveal
their identities.

İlhan said Turkey has diplomatic relations with Greece but not with
Armenia. The children of illegal Armenian immigrants will still not
be able to attend school regardless of the changes in regulations,
he noted.

From: Baghdasarian

Attentats Dejoues a Bakou : L’Iran Dement Les Accusations De L’Azerb

ATTENTATS DEJOUES A BAKOU : L’IRAN DEMENT LES ACCUSATIONS DE L’AZERBAIDJAN
Stephane

armenews.com
jeudi 22 mars 2012

L’Iran a formellement dementi samedi les accusations de l’Azerbaïdjan
qui a affirme avoir dejoue des attentats a l’instigation de Teheran
contre les ambassades d’Israël et des Etats-Unis a Bakou, et arrete
22 personnes recrutees et formees a cet effet par l’Iran.

L’ambassadeur d’Azerbaïdjan a Teheran, Javanshir Akhundov, a ete
convoque au ministère iranien des Affaires etrangères qui a proteste
contre ces accusations et les a dementies, a indique l’agence
officielle iranienne.

Les autorites iraniennes ont “rappele” au diplomate les efforts
entrepris par Israël pour discrediter l’Iran, son ennemi jure. Elles
“regrettent infiniment que le gouvernement frère et ami de la
republique d’Azerbaïdjan soit tombe dans ce jeu”.

Mercredi, le ministère azerbaïdjanais de la Securite nationale
a annonce l’arrestation de 22 Azerbaïdjanais qui “s’appretaient a
commettre des attentats contre les ambassades des Etats-Unis, d’Israël
et d’autres Etats occidentaux” a Bakou sur ordre des Gardiens de la
revolution, corps d’elite du regime iranien.

Les personnes recrutees par l’Iran a partir de 1999 “ont ete
entraînees dans des camps militaires” en Iran, a-t-il ajoute. “Des
armes, des munitions, des explosifs et du materiel d’espionnage ont
ete decouverts lors de leur arrestation”.

Les relations se sont tendues entre l’Iran et l’Azerbaïdjan, une
ex-republique sovietique a majorite musulmane chiite.

Bakou avait deja annonce en fevrier l’arrestation de personnes
soupconnees d’avoir des liens avec les services de renseignement
iraniens et le Hezbollah, mouvement libanais soutenu par Teheran.

Ces annonces avaient suivi les attentats et tentatives d’attentats
contre des personnels diplomatiques israeliens a New Delhi, Bangkok et
Tbilissi, capitale de la Georgie voisine, imputes par Israël a l’Iran.

L’Iran a de son côte ete irrite par les relations de Bakou avec Israël,
pays auquel l’Azerbaïdjan a achete selon la presse iranienne des
armes pour des centaines de millions de dollars. Il a accuse Bakou
d’avoir aide les auteurs des assassinats de responsables du programme
nucleaire iranien imputes par Teheran a Israël.

From: Baghdasarian

BAKU: OSCE MG Co-Chairman: Azerbaijan, Armenia Closer To Agreement T

OSCE MG CO-CHAIRMAN: AZERBAIJAN, ARMENIA CLOSER TO AGREEMENT THAN THEY THINK

Trend
March 21 2012
Azerbaijan

Armenia and Azerbaijan are “probably closer to an agreement than they
think” in the longstanding dispute over the status of Nagorno-Karabakh,
U.S. Ambassador Robert Bradtke said in an interview with Radio Free
Europe / Radio Liberty in connection with the 20th anniversary of
establishing the OSCE Minsk Group.

Bradtke said the group has helped the sides move closer to agreeing
basic principles for solving the conflict, but that their mistrust
and lack of cooperation have impeded progress.

“I think the Minsk Group has made three important things,” he added.

“First of all, it has become a factor of stability. This has helped
to defuse the tension.”

He said it has helped prevent the outbreak of a new war. Secondly,
the Minsk Group created an opportunity for the conflicting parties
to communicate.

Another success of the Minsk Group is the development of a common
basis for the negotiations. “Both parties understand what the main
points of the settlement should be,” Bradtke said.

One of the vital lessons of the Minsk Group is the importance of the
international community assisting both sides.

“I think this is a very important lesson,” he said. “We closely
cooperate with the U.S, France and Russia to work with the parties
of this conflict.”

However, whilst co-chairmen can present ideas and support, the
conflicting parties themselves must take very difficult decisions.

“I do not think the inability to reach a peace agreement in the format
of the Minsk Group or co-chairmen is a problem.” he added. “Very
difficult issues are the main problem. The differences between the
sides are very great and frankly speaking, there is mistrust. Changing
the format will not change this.”

He underlined the fact that dialogue between people is very important
in the negotiations over Nagorno-Karabakh.

Human contact does not work if they are used by the parties to achieve
political goals, or become politicised, he said.

“In our opinion, the status quo is unacceptable.” he added. “We must
make progress in resolving this conflict. We cannot look back in 20
years and see the same situation that we have today.”

The conflict between the two South Caucasus countries began in 1988
when Armenia made territorial claims against Azerbaijan. Armenian
armed forces have occupied 20 per cent of Azerbaijan since 1992,
including the Nagorno-Karabakh region and seven surrounding districts.

Azerbaijan and Armenia signed a ceasefire agreement in 1994. The
co-chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group – Russia, France and the U.S. –
are currently holding the peace negotiations.

Armenia has not yet implemented the U.N. Security Council’s four
resolutions on the liberation of the Nagorno-Karabakh and the
surrounding regions.

From: Baghdasarian

ISTANBUL: The Iranian Crisis: What Does This Mean For Regional Stabi

THE IRANIAN CRISIS: WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR REGIONAL STABILITY?
ZAUR SHIRIYEV

Today’s Zaman
March 21 2012
Turkey

With the prospect of an Israeli and/or American attack on Iran’s
nuclear facilities, there is growing curiosity about how this
increasingly tense dynamic will play out in Iran’s neighboring
countries. While Iran has been engaged in a hot spy-versus-spy war
for years, now the temperature is rising and threatening to spread
to the Caucasus.

The government in Baku seemed remarkably unperturbed by the events
that have brought us ever closer to a possible Israeli/US attack
on Iran- until war loomed on the horizon. For many years Baku has
been able to maintain this complex balance of bilateral relations,
working with Iran whilst also cooperating closely with the US. But
with the crisis coming to a head, it is unclear whether this balance
is tenable. In fact, it poses a serious challenge to Azerbaijani
foreign policy. Furthermore, Azerbaijan’s temporary membership on the
UN Security Council was a diplomatic victory, but it also puts the
country in a difficult position, as the situation in Iran is likely
to come before the Security Council again within the next two years:
Baku will be forced to choose between further alienating Tehran or
standing against the wider international community.

To this end, there are two interrelated arguments supporting this
perceived lack of reason.

Firstly, in the context of the emerging instability, Baku has found
itself the site of a proxy war; Iran has sought to target Israel
on Azerbaijani territory, and Israel has tried to prevent it from
doing so. According to Azerbaijani security services, Iran has been
sponsoring terrorist attacks on US, Western and Israel embassies and
elements of the civilian Jewish community in Baku. News reports
identified a rabbi as one of the planned targets. Last week,
Azerbaijani security services arrested 22 people allegedly hired
by Iran to carry out terrorist attacks against the US and Israeli
embassies as well as Western-linked groups and companies. This latest
thwarted attempt is by no means without precedent: on Jan. 24, local
security forces foiled a two-man terrorist cell that was planning
attacks against the country’s prominent Jews. The local experts have
indicated that Iran has been trying to build an extensive spy network
in Azerbaijan.

Increasingly, Iran is being portrayed as an irrational actor with
potential Islamic influence by Azerbaijan’s secular government,
the public and commentators of different political leanings. Iran
provides financial and ideological support to fundamentalist groups
in Azerbaijan, as well as to the media — for example, Iranian “Sahar
TV,” which broadcasts in Azerbaijani is often critical of the secular
regime in Baku, seeking to spread Islamic Revolution ideas to Muslim
people. In addition to the traditional media, Iran employs hackers,
who have defaced the websites of several Azeri state agencies over
last few months, posting “enemies of Islam” slogans across homepages.

Though Tehran denies any link to such activities, few in Azerbaijan
are convinced of their sincerity. In the last visit of the Azerbaijani
defense minister to Iran, the Azerbaijani delegation encountered an
act of disrespect on the part of the Iranian authorities, who had
switched the order of colors on the Azerbaijani flag, which signals a
sign of distress or surrender. Furthermore, by turning the horizontal
tricolor of blue, red and green upside-down, green was placed at the
top, elevating Islamic over Turkic heritage.

Iran tries to portray the Azerbaijani government as anti-Islamic or
even “Zionist” as a means of distancing the more than 20 million
Azerbaijani people who are living in Iran. Tehran is seeking to
emphasize the importance of Islamic tradition in the identity of this
group, suggesting that this part of their identity is not reflected
by attitudes in Baku.

For Azerbaijan, a diplomatic solution to the problems with Iran
is essential; otherwise, it will simply lurch from one crisis to
the next. But the current developments indicate a high level of
unpredictability, and thus diplomatic means are losing ground. The
foreign ministers of Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey met in Nakhchivan
on March 7, where they signed a mutual declaration that emphasized
good will for future cooperation.

But this sunny outlook has been clouded by news reports that
Azerbaijan has agreed to a $1.6 billion arms deal with Israel, likely
its largest ever single arms purchase. Iran sees this as an act of
anti-Iranian aggression, but it is Armenia, not Iran, that should be
worried. In light of this development, Azerbaijani Defense Minister
Safar Abiyev visited Iran last week and promised that “Azerbaijan will
not allow other countries to use its territory to launch an attack on
neighboring Iran.” As mentioned above, by arresting the 22 people who
were planning terrorist attacks against the US and Israeli embassies,
a new crisis period in Iran-Azerbaijan relations has begun.

The question here is not whether or not a war will be launched against
Iran, or whether or not Azerbaijan will assist the West. There are
simply a set of facts that demonstrate a careful counter-balancing
act between the two parties, Azerbaijan and Iran.

Firstly, Azerbaijan has nothing to gain by attacking Iran or even by
cooperating with an Israeli or US military intervention. Moreover, it
is clear that targeted airstrikes against Iranian nuclear facilities
would create huge refugee flows into Azerbaijan, particularly as
few of Iran’s nuclear facilities are located near Azerbaijan. The
Azerbaijan’s public doesn’t trust Iran, true — but its fear isn’t
about Iran’s nuclear program, but rather of Iran’s meddling in
Azerbaijan’s internal affairs.

Secondly, Iran and Azerbaijan already cooperate on some level through
a deal in which Iran supplies natural gas to Azerbaijan’s Nakhchivan
region, which is geographically isolated from Azerbaijan proper, in
exchange for a 15 percent commission on transit fees for natural gas
that is shipped from Azerbaijan through the 30-mile long Baku Astara
(BA) pipeline that travels through Iran. Any crisis with Iran would
damage the stability of Nakhchivan.

Thirdly, beyond its Islamic Revolutionary rhetoric, Iranian foreign
policy towards the neighborhood, especially towards Azerbaijan,
has been manifestly realistic. Thus, Tehran officially claims it is
neutral, but it supports the continuation of the Nagorno-Karabakh
conflict via its economic relations with Armenia, which runs counter
to Azerbaijani interests.

For now, though, events continue to cast a shadow over Iran-Azerbaijan
relations, and unfortunately, this negative spiral is on the verge
of getting out of hand.

From: Baghdasarian